EP0881340B1 - Method for producing a finishing floor with concrete panels - Google Patents
Method for producing a finishing floor with concrete panels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0881340B1 EP0881340B1 EP98101585A EP98101585A EP0881340B1 EP 0881340 B1 EP0881340 B1 EP 0881340B1 EP 98101585 A EP98101585 A EP 98101585A EP 98101585 A EP98101585 A EP 98101585A EP 0881340 B1 EP0881340 B1 EP 0881340B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slabs
- floor
- constructing
- floor screed
- screed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/18—Separately-laid insulating layers; Other additional insulating measures; Floating floors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a screed floor, with prayer slabs, the slabs being laid on an insulation layer.
- Screed floors are known; they are the last in a floor construction Layer under the floor covering, e.g. B. carpet or parquet. It is known to apply the screed covering as a flowable mass, whereby the manufacture of the screed as such mostly with the help of a Screed machine is made.
- the screed is between different grades, namely in terms of hardness or Abrasion resistance according to the respective application.
- a disadvantage of the production of this known screed covering is that this must harden over a longer period of time before the actual one Flooring can be applied.
- this is problematic less the strength of the screed covering, but rather the Moisture content of the screed floor. Is namely the moisture content too high, then the floor covering that takes on the screed floor is applied, damage. This is particularly evident when for example, parquet is applied to the screed floor. Usually it takes about four to five weeks until the screed floor is ready it is dried that the following floor covering is applied can. As shorter construction times are required for cost reasons, what is particularly evident in prefabricated house construction is lively Interested in shortening such times.
- plasterboard is placed on a thermal and impact sound insulating fill applied.
- plasterboard has the disadvantage that it covers the entire surface the bed must rest, otherwise there is a risk of breakage Load exists.
- plasterboard is not allowed become damp, which is the installation of such plasterboard in particular in the bathroom area seems extremely problematic.
- a screed floor with concrete slabs is known from DE-OS 1 509 644; the concrete slabs show on their two neighboring edges corresponding overlapping each other and so the joints between folds covering adjacent panels.
- the bonding of the individual neighboring panels take place in the area of the folds or joints.
- the edition of the individual panels takes place on the insulation layer, which on the Raw concrete ceiling is applied.
- This insulation layer is flexible. From this follows that if a plate is subjected to punctiform loading, it will try to set up what causes the adhesive bond with the neighboring one Plate breaks open. Tiling applied to the screed floor also leave in this area, which means that in Damp rooms Moisture enters the insulation layer, which permanently Destruction of the insulation layer.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to develop a process for the production of a screed floor, so that the Estrichêt Highly resilient even on flexible ground, in Can be walked on immediately after laying and with a Flooring is covering, and also insensitive against moisture exposure.
- the plates are advantageously laid on top of one another in such a way that a top plate about a quarter of the area of an underlying plate covered. It follows that, with the exception of the border area, a Space essentially every plate of the second upper plate layer four underlying plates.
- the individual one above the other arranged plates are preferably adjacent to each other Surfaces bonded together.
- the individual plates are flat, in particular by Fluid bed mortar can be glued together.
- the gluing takes place here not only on the surfaces, but also in the Joint area.
- the thickness of the plates should be between 1.5 - 3 cm, so that this is a screed floor with a thickness of about 3 - 6 cm results. It has been shown that a screed floor with such Strength of all loads that are usually in the living area can withstand. in the commercial sector, or for floors with extreme stress, is quite conceivable, several layers of panels to provide for the manufacture of such a floor.
- the stability of a Reinforcement can also be used to improve the plate; is conceivable here a reinforcement made of glass fibers, plastic fibers or a Braid made of metal, plastic or glass fibers.
- the type of laying of the individual can be seen in particular from FIG slabs forming the screed floor. So here are on the substructure, the designated overall by 10, two layers 1 and 2 of concrete slabs 3 laid to form the screed floor, the laying of each Concrete slabs are such that they laterally offset each other overlapping. By laying the concrete slabs in this way The greatest possible stability is achieved with Verbund. It is intended that the individual plates 3 over the entire surface, for example by fluid bed mortar are glued together, advantageously also in the area of their joints. This full-surface bonding also in the area of the joints a homogeneous screed floor is provided, which is otherwise only available after State of the art can be produced with a flowable concrete mass.
- the substructure under the screed floor results in particular from Figure 2; there is one under the two layers 1 and 2 Impact sound insulation 20, including thermal and compensation insulation 30 and between the concrete slab 50 and the thermal and compensation insulation a leveling 40, e.g. B. basalt or expanded slate with the Grain size 2 - 5 mm.
- This leveling bed 40 serves to level out Bumps, such as when laying heating pipes on the Concrete floor or a wooden beam ceiling 50 exist.
- a border strip is made in a known manner Styrofoam or the like provided for an expansion To allow the influence of heat.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Road Paving Machines (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Estrichbodens, mit Betenplatten, wobei die Platten auf einer Dämmschicht verlegt werden.The invention relates to a method for producing a screed floor, with Prayer slabs, the slabs being laid on an insulation layer.
Estrichböden sind bekannt; sie bilden bei einem Fußbodenaufbau die letzte Schicht unter dem Fußbodenbelag, z. B. Teppichboden oder Parkett. Bekannt ist die Aufbringung des Estrichbelages als fließfähige Masse, wobei die Herstellung des Estriches als solchem meistens mit Hilfe einer Estrichmaschine vorgenommen wird. Beim Estrich wird zwischen verschiedenen Güten unterschieden, und zwar in Bezug auf die Härte bzw. Abriebfestigkeit entsprechend dem jeweiligen Einsatzzweck.Screed floors are known; they are the last in a floor construction Layer under the floor covering, e.g. B. carpet or parquet. It is known to apply the screed covering as a flowable mass, whereby the manufacture of the screed as such mostly with the help of a Screed machine is made. The screed is between different grades, namely in terms of hardness or Abrasion resistance according to the respective application.
Nachteilig bei der Herstellung dieses bekannten Estrichbelages ist, dass dieser über einen längeren Zeitraum aushärten muß, bevor der eigentliche Bodenbelag aufgebracht werden kann. Problematisch ist hierbei allerdings weniger die Festigkeit des Estrichbelages, sondern vielmehr der Feuchtigkeitsgehalt des Estrichbodens. Ist nämlich der Feuchtigkeitsgehalt zu hoch, dann nimmt der Bodenbelag, der auf dem Estrichboden aufgebracht wird, Schaden. Dies tritt besonders deutlich dann hervor, wenn beispielsweise auf dem Estrichboden Parkett aufgebracht wird. Üblicherweise vergehen etwa vier bis fünf Wochen, bis der Estrichboden soweit getrocknet ist, dass der nachfolgende Bodenbelag aufgebracht werden kann. Da aus Kostengründen immer kürzere Bauzeiten gefordert werden, was besonders evident im Fertighausbau der Fall ist, besteht ein lebhaftes Interesse daran, solche Zeiten zu verkürzen.A disadvantage of the production of this known screed covering is that this must harden over a longer period of time before the actual one Flooring can be applied. However, this is problematic less the strength of the screed covering, but rather the Moisture content of the screed floor. Is namely the moisture content too high, then the floor covering that takes on the screed floor is applied, damage. This is particularly evident when for example, parquet is applied to the screed floor. Usually it takes about four to five weeks until the screed floor is ready it is dried that the following floor covering is applied can. As shorter construction times are required for cost reasons, what is particularly evident in prefabricated house construction is lively Interested in shortening such times.
Aus der GB-A 2 296 267 ergibt sich ein Verfahren zur Verstärkung der
Betondecke einer Brücke. Hierzu ist bekannt, auf der Betonunterlage
mehrere Schichten aus Platten zu verlegen, wobei zur Erhöhung der
Tragfähigkeit einer solchen Brücke insgesamt die einzelnen Plattenschichten
in besonderer Weise miteinander und mit der Unterlage, d. h. der
Betondecke, verbunden sind. So sind insbesondere zwischen den einzelnen
Schichten aus Platten Verstärkungseinlagen vorgesehen, die im Einzelnen
mit den Platten verklebt sind. Hierdurch erhält die Brücke insgesamt eine
höhere Tragfähigkeit. Insofern handelt es sich hierbei nicht um einen
höheren Estrich, denn ein Estrich hat nicht die Aufgabe zur Erhöhung der
Tragfähigkeit eines Bodens beizutragen.From GB-
Des Weiteren ist ein sogenannter "Trockenaufbau" eines Fußbodens bekannt (DE 78 04 594). Hierbei werden Gipskartonplatten auf eine wärme- und trittschallisolierende Schüttung aufgebracht. Derartige Gipskartonplatten haben allerdings den Nachteil, dass diese vollflächig auf der Schüttung aufliegen müssen, da ansonsten die Gefahr des Bruches bei Belastung besteht. Darüber hinaus dürfen derartige Gipskartonplatten nicht feucht werden, was den Einbau derartiger Gipskartonplatten insbesondere im Badbereich überaus problematisch erscheinen läßt. Furthermore, a so-called "dry build-up" of a floor known (DE 78 04 594). Here, plasterboard is placed on a thermal and impact sound insulating fill applied. such However, plasterboard has the disadvantage that it covers the entire surface the bed must rest, otherwise there is a risk of breakage Load exists. In addition, such plasterboard is not allowed become damp, which is the installation of such plasterboard in particular in the bathroom area seems extremely problematic.
Aus der DE-OS 1 509 644 ist ein Estrichboden mit Betonplatten bekannt; hierbei zeigen die Betonplatten an ihren zwei benachbarten Rändern einander entsprechende sich überlappende und so die Fugen zwischen benachbarten Platten abdeckende Falze auf. Die Verklebung der einzelnen benachbarten Platten erfolgt im Bereich der Falze bzw. Fugen. Die Auflage der einzelnen Platten erfolgt auf der Dämmschicht, die auf der Rohbetondecke aufgebracht ist. Diese Dämmschicht ist nachgiebig. Hieraus folgt, dass bei punktförmiger Belastung einer Platte diese sich versucht aufzustellen, was bewirkt, dass die Klebeverbindung mit der benachbarten Platte aufbricht. Eine auf dem Estrichboden aufgebrachte Verfliesung wird in diesem Bereich ebenfalls aufbrechen, was zur Folge hat, dass in Feuchträumen Feuchtigkeit in die Dämmschicht eintritt, was auf Dauer die Zerstörung der Dämmschicht zur Folge hat.A screed floor with concrete slabs is known from DE-OS 1 509 644; the concrete slabs show on their two neighboring edges corresponding overlapping each other and so the joints between folds covering adjacent panels. The bonding of the individual neighboring panels take place in the area of the folds or joints. The edition of the individual panels takes place on the insulation layer, which on the Raw concrete ceiling is applied. This insulation layer is flexible. From this follows that if a plate is subjected to punctiform loading, it will try to set up what causes the adhesive bond with the neighboring one Plate breaks open. Tiling applied to the screed floor also leave in this area, which means that in Damp rooms Moisture enters the insulation layer, which permanently Destruction of the insulation layer.
Aus der DE 44 31 171 A1 ist der Aufbau eines Estrichbodens mit Bodenbelagelementen bekannt, bei denen ein solches Bodenbelagelement aus mindestens zwei fest miteinander verbundenen Betonplatten besteht. Die Anordnung der beiden Betonplatten zur Bildung eines Bodenbelagelementes ist hierbei derart, dass die obere Platte die untere Platte im Seitenbereich überragt. Bei der Verlegung überlappen die Bodenbelagelemente daher einander im Stoßbereich. Insofern ist hierbei die Problematik die gleiche, wie bei der DE-OS 1 509 644.DE 44 31 171 A1 describes the construction of a screed floor Known flooring elements in which such a flooring element consists of at least two firmly connected concrete slabs. The arrangement of the two concrete slabs to form a flooring element is such that the upper plate in the lower plate Side area overlooked. When laying, the flooring elements overlap hence each other in the joint area. In this respect, this is the problem the same as in DE-OS 1 509 644.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Estrichbodens zu entwickeln, so daß der Estrichboden auch bei nachgiebigem Untergrund hoch belastbar, im Wesentlichen unmittelbar nach der Verlegung begehbar und mit einem Fußbodenbelag belegbar ist, und darüber hinaus unempfindlich gegenüber Feuchtigkeitseinwirkung ist.The invention is therefore based on the object to develop a process for the production of a screed floor, so that the Estrichboden Highly resilient even on flexible ground, in Can be walked on immediately after laying and with a Flooring is covering, and also insensitive against moisture exposure.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmalskombination des Anspruchs 1 gelöst,
Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen. So
erfolgt vorteilhaft die Verlegung der Platten aufeinander derart, dass eine
obere Platte etwa ein Viertel der Fläche einer darunterliegenden Platte
überdeckt. Hieraus folgt, dass mit Ausnahme des Randbereichs eines
Raumes im Wesentlichen jede Platte der zweiten oberen Plattenschicht auf
vier darunterliegenden Platten aufliegt. Die einzelnen übereinander
angeordneten Platten sind vorzugsweise an ihren einander benachbarten
Flächen miteinander stoffschlüssig verbunden. Durch die Verwendung
vorgefertigter Betonplatten, beispielweise hergestellt aus Zementestrich, ist
die Herstellung eines trocken aufgebauten Estrichbodens möglich. Darüber
hinaus eröffnet sich ein weitere Vorteil, der darin besteht, daß die Qualität
des Estrichbodens vorherbestimmbar ist und nicht mehr von der
Qualifikation des ausführenden Personals abhängig ist. Im Extremfall ist
denkbar, dass das Verfahren auch durch angelernte Arbeiter
durchgeführt werden kann. Des Weiteren ist als Vorteil zu vermelden, dass ein
solches Verfahren bei allen Temperaturen durchführbar ist. Bislang ist es
so, dass ein üblicher Estrichboden unter -3° C nicht mehr aufgebracht
werden kann, da es ansonsten zu Frostschäden kommt. Ein weiterer Vorteil
eines gemäß dem Verfahren hergestellten Estrichbodens besteht darin,
dass ein Schrumpfen und Schwinden des Bodens vermieden wird, was bei
einem nach dem Stand der Technik hergestellten Estrichboden aus
Zementestrich dazu führt, dass dieser gegebenenfalls die Ebenheitstoleranzen
gemäß DIN 18 202 nicht mehr erfüllt. Hieraus wird deutlich,
dass die Gefahr von kostenaufwendigen Nacharbeiten bei dem
Estrichboden nicht mehr besteht.The object is achieved according to the invention by the combination of features of
Um einen Boden mit einer hohen Belastbarkeit herzustellen, ist vorgesehen, dass die einzelnen Platten flächig, insbesondere durch Fließbettmörtel miteinander verklebt werden. Die Verklebung erfolgt hierbei nicht nur auf den Oberflächen, sondern gegebenenfalls auch im Fugenbereich. Die Stärke der Platten soll zwischen 1,5 - 3 cm betragen, so dass sich hiermit ein Estrichboden mit einer Stärke von etwa 3 - 6 cm ergibt. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass ein Estrichboden mit einer derartigen Stärke sämtlichen Belastungen, die üblicherweise im Wohnbereich auftreten, standhalten kann. im gewerblichen Bereich, bzw. bei Böden mit extremer Belastung, ist durchaus denkbar, mehrere Schichten von Platten zur Herstellung eines derartigen Bodens vorzusehen. Die Stabilität einer Platte kann auch durch eine Armierung verbessert werden; denkbar ist hierbei eine Armierung aus Glasfasern, Kunststofffasern oder einem Geflecht aus Metall-, Kunststoff- oder Glasfasern.To make a floor with a high load capacity is provided that the individual plates are flat, in particular by Fluid bed mortar can be glued together. The gluing takes place here not only on the surfaces, but also in the Joint area. The thickness of the plates should be between 1.5 - 3 cm, so that this is a screed floor with a thickness of about 3 - 6 cm results. It has been shown that a screed floor with such Strength of all loads that are usually in the living area can withstand. in the commercial sector, or for floors with extreme stress, is quite conceivable, several layers of panels to provide for the manufacture of such a floor. The stability of a Reinforcement can also be used to improve the plate; is conceivable here a reinforcement made of glass fibers, plastic fibers or a Braid made of metal, plastic or glass fibers.
Anhand der Zeichnungen wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren nachstehend beispielhaft näher erläutert.
Figur 1- zeigt den schematischen Fußbodenaufbau in dreidimensionaler Darstellung;
Figur 2- zeigt einen Schnitt durch den Fußbodenaufbau gemäß
Figur 1;
- Figure 1
- shows the schematic floor structure in three-dimensional representation;
- Figure 2
- shows a section through the floor structure according to Figure 1;
Aus Figur 1 ist insbesondere erkennbar die Art der Verlegung der einzelnen
den Estrichboden bildenden Platten. So sind hierbei auf dem Unterbau, der
insgesamt mit 10 bezeichnet, zwei Schichten 1 und 2 von Betonplatten 3
zur Bildung des Estrichbodens verlegt, wobei die Verlegung der einzelnen
Betonplatten derart ist, dass diese seitlich versetzt sich fugenweise
überdeckend erfolgt. Durch eine derartige Verlegung der Betonplatten im
Verbund wird eine größtmögliche Stabilität erreicht. Vorgesehen ist hierbei,
daß die einzelnen Platten 3 vollflächig, beispielsweise durch Fließbettmörtel
miteinander verklebt sind, und zwar vorteilhaft auch im Bereich ihrer Fugen.
Durch diese vollflächige Verklebung auch im Bereich der Fugen wird somit
ein homogener Estrichboden bereit gestellt, wie er ansonsten nur nach dem
Stand der Technik mit einer fließfähigen Betonmasse herstellbar ist.The type of laying of the individual can be seen in particular from FIG
slabs forming the screed floor. So here are on the substructure, the
designated overall by 10, two
Der Unterbau unter dem Estrichboden ergibt sich insbesondere aus Figur 2;
so befindet sich unter den beiden Schichten 1 und 2 eine
Trittschalldämmung 20, darunter eine Wärme- und Ausgleichsdämmung 30
und zwischen der Betonplatte 50 und der Wärme- und Ausgleichsdämmung
eine Ausgleichsschüttung 40, z. B. Basalt oder Blähschiefer mit der
Körnung 2 - 5 mm. Diese Ausgleichsschüttung 40 dient dem Ausgleich von
Unebenheiten, wie sie bei der Verlegung von Heizungsrohren auf dem
Betonboden oder einer Holzbalkendecke 50 bestehen. Im Randbereich, d. h.
im Übergang zum Mauerwerk ist in bekannter Weise ein Randstreifen aus
Styropor oder ähnlichem vorgesehen, um eine Ausdehnung bei
Wärmeeinfluß zu ermöglichen.The substructure under the screed floor results in particular from Figure 2;
there is one under the two
Claims (9)
- A method of constructing a floor screed, with concrete slabs (3) that are laid on an insulating layer,
characterized in that
the slabs are laid individually so that the floor screed is provided with at least two layers of concrete slabs (3) that are arranged on top of each other and overlap in the region of their joints, the slabs (3) of the upper layer (1) resting on the slabs (3) of the lower layer (2) in such a manner that they are laterally offset and are overlapping in the region of their joints. - The method of constructing a floor screed according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the various concrete slabs (3) arranged on top of each other may be material-jointed together at their neighbouring surfaces. - The method of constructing a floor screed according to claim 2,
characterized in that
the slabs (3) are joined together by their entire surface. - The method of constructing a floor screed according to claim 2 or claim 3,
characterized in that
the slabs (3) are joined together by means of a fluid bed mortar. - The method of constructing a floor screed according to one of the afore mentioned claims,
characterizedin that
a slab (3) is provided with a reinforcement. - The method of constructing a floor screed according to claim 5,
characterized in that
the reinforcement provided is made of glass fibre, plastic fibre or of a fibre mesh of metal, plastic or glass fibres. - The method of constructing a floor screed according to one of the afore mentioned claims,
characterized in that
the slabs (3) are made of cement screed. - The method of constructing a floor screed according to one of the afore mentioned claims,
characterized in that
a slab (3) of the upper layer (1) covers about one fourth of the surface of an underlying slab (3) of the lower layer (2). - The method of constructing a floor screed according to claim 1,
characterized in that
each concrete slab (3) is between 1.5 and 3 cm thick.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE29824576U DE29824576U1 (en) | 1997-05-27 | 1998-01-30 | Screed floor with concrete slab |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19722060A DE19722060A1 (en) | 1997-05-27 | 1997-05-27 | Screed floor and a device for producing a concrete slab for a screed floor |
DE19722060 | 1997-05-27 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0881340A2 EP0881340A2 (en) | 1998-12-02 |
EP0881340A3 EP0881340A3 (en) | 1999-05-19 |
EP0881340B1 true EP0881340B1 (en) | 2003-04-16 |
Family
ID=7830578
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98101585A Expired - Lifetime EP0881340B1 (en) | 1997-05-27 | 1998-01-30 | Method for producing a finishing floor with concrete panels |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0881340B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE237722T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19722060A1 (en) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4431171A1 (en) * | 1994-09-01 | 1996-03-14 | Uni Int Bausysteme Gmbh | Ground=covering component for vertical structure |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1509644A1 (en) * | 1963-04-05 | 1969-05-22 | Dahler Geb Majer | Sound and heat insulating leveling layer for laying dry screed |
CH623626A5 (en) * | 1977-10-10 | 1981-06-15 | Leo Krummenacher | Building roof |
DE7804594U1 (en) * | 1978-02-16 | 1978-06-15 | Gebr. Knauf Westdeutsche Gipswerke, 8715 Iphofen | FLOORING PANEL |
DE3928969A1 (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1991-03-07 | Michael D Wolf | DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF IMITAL STONE |
GB2296276B (en) * | 1994-12-16 | 1998-07-08 | Sho Bond Corp | Method for strengthening a concrete deck |
-
1997
- 1997-05-27 DE DE19722060A patent/DE19722060A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-01-30 EP EP98101585A patent/EP0881340B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-30 AT AT98101585T patent/ATE237722T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-30 DE DE59807925T patent/DE59807925D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4431171A1 (en) * | 1994-09-01 | 1996-03-14 | Uni Int Bausysteme Gmbh | Ground=covering component for vertical structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59807925D1 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
EP0881340A2 (en) | 1998-12-02 |
ATE237722T1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
DE19722060A1 (en) | 1998-12-03 |
EP0881340A3 (en) | 1999-05-19 |
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