EP0880787A1 - Control device for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Control device for an internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number
EP0880787A1
EP0880787A1 EP96945993A EP96945993A EP0880787A1 EP 0880787 A1 EP0880787 A1 EP 0880787A1 EP 96945993 A EP96945993 A EP 96945993A EP 96945993 A EP96945993 A EP 96945993A EP 0880787 A1 EP0880787 A1 EP 0880787A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
current
signal
value
control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96945993A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0880787B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Hoffmann
Richard Wimmer
Achim Koch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0880787A1 publication Critical patent/EP0880787A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0880787B1 publication Critical patent/EP0880787B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1844—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control device for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a control device (EP 04 00 389 A) comprises an actuator with a coil, a core and an armature, an actuator and a control unit.
  • the coil In order to attract the armature to the core, the coil is acted upon by a pull-in current which has such a high amplitude that the magnetic flux provides the force required to accelerate and move the armature. If the armature lies against the core, the current through the coil is limited to a holding current, the amplitude of which is so low that at least one holding force required to hold the armature on the core is applied by the magnetic flux.
  • the current through the coil is tracked by a two-point controller to the respective target value of the pull-in current or the holding current, the pulse / pause ratio of the actuating signal being dependent on the reaching of an upper and a lower threshold value of the current.
  • the control unit detects the duration of the pulses of the control signal and uses it as an indirect measure of the inductance of the coil, which increases as the distance between the core and the armature decreases. Accordingly, the holding current is specified as the setpoint if the detected time period exceeds a limit value lies. It is very disadvantageous here that the time of impact of the anchor cannot be determined exactly. If the armature hits the core shortly before the current reaches its lower threshold value, the impact can only be detected after the following pulse of the control signal. Accordingly, there are high losses in the coil since the current is limited to the holding current too late. These can only be reduced if the starting current has a correspondingly low amount. However, this increases the time required for the armature to reach the core from a rest position to the stop. The actuator can therefore no longer be activated as quickly, which is particularly the case with injection or injection / Exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine is disadvantageous.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the inductance of the coil changes during the movement of an armature and, however, remains constant from when the armature strikes a core until the armature is released. By detecting a change in the inductance, a precise time of impact of the armature on the core can thus be determined.
  • the control device has a measuring device from which the inductance of the coil is detected and from which a first control signal is generated as a function of the inductance, by means of which the desired value is set to a holding value.
  • the measuring device comprises one Signal generator that generates a test signal that is applied to the coil.
  • the test signal advantageously has a low amplitude.
  • a narrow-band test signal is also advantageous, the frequency of which is significantly higher than that of the current through the coil.
  • the first control signal is preferably generated when the inductance changes by less than a lower threshold value in a predetermined time interval.
  • the time interval can be chosen so small that the time of impact is determined with sufficient accuracy. It is extremely advantageous that the point of impact can be determined independently of the effects of temperature and aging.
  • a second control signal is preferably generated if the inductance changes in the time interval by more than a predetermined upper threshold value. In this way, a time of detachment of the armature from the core can also be recorded precisely.
  • Figure 1 a control device according to the invention
  • Figure 2 the control device of Figure 1 with a
  • FIG. 3 a block diagram of a measuring device from FIG. 2,
  • Figure 4a-g waveforms in the control device according to
  • Figure 1 Figure 1a: the course of a coil current plotted over the
  • FIG. 4b the course of a control voltage plotted over time
  • FIG. 4c the course of the amplitude of an output current plotted over time
  • FIG. 4e the course of a first control signal plotted over time
  • Figure 4f the course of a second control signal plotted over time
  • Figure 4g the course of a pulse signal plotted over the
  • a control device comprises an actuator 1, an actuator 2, a control unit 3 and a measuring device 4.
  • the actuator 1 has a coil 10 which is wound around a core 11.
  • a spring 12 is arranged on the core 11 in such a way that it prestresses an armature 13 against the direction of force of a magnetic force which acts when the coil 10 is energized.
  • the actuator 2 has a spindle 21 and a cone 22. It is used in this design for an injection valve or an intake / exhaust valve of the engine.
  • the special design of the actuator 2 is not essential to the invention. Accordingly, the actuator can also be designed such that it can be used, for example, for a common rail system or an exhaust gas recirculation system.
  • the coil is connected to the control unit 3 as well as to the measuring device 4 via a first tap point 5 and a second tap point 6.
  • the coil 10 can be represented as a series connection of a resistor 100 and an inductor 101 (FIG. 2).
  • the structure of the control unit 3 is known per se and is not essential for the invention. Accordingly, it is not described further below. The operation of the control unit 3 is described with reference to Figures 4a, 4b.
  • the measuring device 4 has a signal generator which is designed as an oscillator 40 and of which a test signal (in hereinafter referred to as test voltage) is generated.
  • the oscillator 40 is connected to a first coupling device 41, which is connected to the coil 10 via the first tap point 5.
  • the coupling device 41 is designed, for example, as a capacitor or as a bandpass filter, the bandwidth of which approximately corresponds to that of the test voltage.
  • the coil 10 is thus subjected to the test voltage, which in this embodiment is a sinusoidal voltage with a significantly higher frequency than the highest occurring frequency in a control voltage with which the control unit 3 applies the coil 10.
  • the test voltage which in this embodiment is a sinusoidal voltage with a significantly higher frequency than the highest occurring frequency in a control voltage with which the control unit 3 applies the coil 10.
  • This ensures that an output current I A can be coupled out via a second coupling device 42, which in turn consists of a capacitor or a bandpass filter and which is connected to the coil 10 via the second tap point 6.
  • the bandwidth of the bandpass filter is advantageously chosen so that it corresponds approximately to that of the test voltage.
  • the amplitude of the test voltage is predetermined so that it is significantly smaller than that of the control voltage U s .
  • a voltage meter 43 is arranged between the oscillator 40 and the first coupling device 41, from which the magnitude of the test voltage is detected and passed on to an evaluation device 44.
  • a measuring device which is designed as an ammeter 45, is connected to the second coupling device 42 and detects the magnitude of the output current I A and forwards it as a measuring signal to the evaluation device 44.
  • an inductance value L of the inductance 101 is determined by forming the ratio of the amount of the test voltage to the amount of the output current I A and taking into account the predetermined resistance 100. This process is carried out at predefined time intervals. If the inductance value L changes within a time interval by less than a predetermined lower one Threshold value, a first control signal S1 is generated. If, on the other hand, the inductance value L changes by more than a predetermined upper threshold value in a predetermined time interval, a second control signal S2 is generated. In the control unit 3, when the first control signal S1 is applied, a setpoint value for the coil current I s is reduced from a pull-in current 1 ⁇ to a holding current I H.
  • FIG. 4a shows the course of the coil current I s plotted over time t.
  • a pulse signal P (FIG. 4f) is generated at time t 0 .
  • a control voltage U s is then applied by the control unit 3 and drops across the resistor 100 and the inductance 101.
  • the amount of the control voltage U s corresponds to that of the pull-in voltage U A.
  • the coil current I s increases approximately exponentially until the time t x , at which it reaches the value of a maximum starting current I AMAX .
  • the magnitude of the control voltage U s is then reduced to a zero voltage U 0 (for example 0 volts).
  • the coil current I s then drops approximately exponentially until it has the magnitude of the minimum pull-in current I ft m H at time t 2 .
  • a control voltage U s with the amount of the starting voltage U A is applied to the coil 10 until the coil current I s again reaches the value of the maximum starting current I ⁇ M ⁇ X at time t 3 . This process continues until the first control signal S1 is generated at time t 4 .
  • the course of the amplitude of the output current I A has a kink over time.
  • a sudden flattening of the course of the inductance value to an approximately constant value at point t 4 can be seen in FIG. 4d.
  • the inductance value L changed less than a lower threshold value in the time interval from time t 3A to time t 4A .
  • the first control signal S x (see FIG. 4e) is generated at time t 4 .
  • the time intervals between two determinations of the inductance value L can be chosen to be as small as desired if the lower and the upper threshold value are adapted accordingly. As a result, the time of impact and the time of release can be determined as precisely as desired.
  • the coil current I s by suitable circuit means, such as. B. a free-wheeling diode, reduced as quickly as possible to a holding current I H.
  • the coil current I s reaches the value of the minimum holding current I HMIN - the control voltage U s is then set to a holding voltage U H.
  • the coil current I s then reaches the value of a maximum holding current I HMAX - thereupon the control voltage U s is reduced again to the zero voltage U 0 until the coil current I s reaches the value of the minimum holding current I HMIN . This process is repeated until the pulse signal P is withdrawn at time t 7 .
  • the control voltage U s is then set to the zero voltage U 0 and the current through the coil is reduced to a zero current (for example 0 amperes) by suitable switching means (for example a freewheeling diode).
  • FIG. 4d shows a sharp drop in the inductance value L at time t 8 . Accordingly, the second control signal S 2 (FIG. 4e) is generated at this time.
  • test signal has a very high frequency, the influence of the resistor 101 can be neglected.
  • temperature and age-dependent changes in the resistance 101 can be detected by means of suitable resistance measuring means.
  • pulse signal P is not present, a voltage can be impressed on the coil 10 by means of these resistance measuring means the stationary current through the coil 10 can be detected. The ratio of these two quantities then forms the value of the resistor 100.
  • the control device accordingly enables precise detection of the time of impact of the armature 13 on the core 11. This makes it possible to set the coil current I s in the vicinity of the saturation limit of the coil 10 up to the point of impact of the armature 13, so that the armature 13 is accelerated as much as possible.
  • the losses in the control device are kept very low by rapidly reducing the coil current I s from a value between the maximum starting current I ⁇ and the minimum starting current I HN to the minimum holding current I HMIN .
  • the measuring device 4 has a second ammeter which detects the magnitude of the coil current I s and forwards it to the evaluation device 44.
  • the measuring device 4 then has a map memory in which base values for the
  • Position of the armature 13 in dependence on the amount of the coil current I s and the inductance L are stored.
  • the position of the armature 13 can thus be determined in this embodiment of the invention.
  • the measuring device 4 has means for detecting the phase difference between the test signal and the output signal.
  • the inductance value L of the inductance 101 is determined from the phase difference, taking into account the predetermined resistance 100.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a control device which comprises a magnetic actuator (1), a final controlling element (2), a control unit (3) and a measuring device (4). The magnetic actuator (1) has a coil (10), a core (11), a spring (12) and an armature (13). The actuator (1) is connected to the final controlling element (2). The measuring device (4) determines an inductance value L of the coil (10) and produces in relation to the inductance value L a first control signal which is used to set at a hold value a theoretical value for the current through the coil (10). The current through the coil (10) is adjusted by the control unit (3) to the theoretical value when there is a pulse signal P.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Steuervorrichtung für eine BrennkraftmaschineControl device for an internal combustion engine
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Steuervorrichtung für eine Brenn¬ kraftmaschine gemäß Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to a control device for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
Eine Steuervorrichtung (EP 04 00 389 A) umfaßt einen Aktor mit einer Spule, einem Kern und einem Anker, ein Stellglied und eine Regeleinheit. Die Spule wird zum Anziehen des Ankers an den Kern mit einem Anzugsstrom beaufschlagt, der eine der¬ art hohe Amplitude aufweist, daß durch den magnetischen Fluß die erforderliche Kraft zum Beschleunigen und Bewegen des An¬ kers zur Verfügung steht. Liegt der Anker an dem Kern an, so wird der Strom durch die Spule auf einen Haltestrom begrenzt, dessen Amplitude so niedrig ist, daß durch den magnetischen Fluß zumindest eine erforderliche Haltekraft zum Halten des Ankers am Kern aufgebracht wird.A control device (EP 04 00 389 A) comprises an actuator with a coil, a core and an armature, an actuator and a control unit. In order to attract the armature to the core, the coil is acted upon by a pull-in current which has such a high amplitude that the magnetic flux provides the force required to accelerate and move the armature. If the armature lies against the core, the current through the coil is limited to a holding current, the amplitude of which is so low that at least one holding force required to hold the armature on the core is applied by the magnetic flux.
Der Strom durch die Spule wird durch einen Zweipunktregler dem jeweiligen Sollwert des Anzugsstroms oder des Haltestroms nachgeführt, wobei das Puls-/Pausenverhältnis des Stellsi¬ gnals von dem Erreichen eines oberen und eines unteren Schwellwertes des Stroms abhängt.The current through the coil is tracked by a two-point controller to the respective target value of the pull-in current or the holding current, the pulse / pause ratio of the actuating signal being dependent on the reaching of an upper and a lower threshold value of the current.
Das Erkennen eines AuftreffZeitpunktes des Ankers auf den Kern kommt eine außerordentlich große Bedeutung zu, da bei einem verspäteten Umschalten auf den Haltestrom sehr hohe Verluste in der Spule auftreten, die sogar zu deren thermischen Zerstörung führen können.The detection of a time of impact of the armature on the core is of extremely great importance, since if the delayed switchover to the holding current occurs, very high losses occur in the coil, which can even lead to their thermal destruction.
In der oben genannten Steuervorrichtung wird von der Regel- einheit die Zeitdauer der Pulse des Stellsignals erfaßt und als indirektes Maß für die Induktivität der Spule verwendet, die mit geringer werdendem Abstand zwischen dem Kern und dem Anker zunimmt . Demnach wird der Haltestrom als Sollwert vor¬ gegeben, wenn die erfaßte Zeitdauer über einem Grenzwert liegt. Sehr nachteilig ist hierbei, daß der AuftreffZeitpunkt des Ankers nicht genau erfaßt werden kann. Trifft der Anker auf den Kern, kurz bevor der Strom seinen unteren Schwellwert erreicht, so kann das Auftreffen erst nach dem folgenden Puls des Stellsignals detektiert werden. Demnach entstehen hohe Verluste in der Spule, da der Strom zu spät auf den Halte¬ strom begrenzt wird. Diese können nur verringert werden, wenn der Anzugsstrom einen entsprechend niedrigen Betrag aufweist. Dadurch wird aber die Zeit erhöht, die der Anker benötigt, um von einer Ruhestellung bis zum Anschlag an den Kern zu gelan¬ gen. Das Stellglied kann somit nicht mehr so schnell ange¬ steuert werden, was insbesondere bei Einspritz- oder bei Ein- /Auslaußventilen einer Brennkraftmaschine nachteilig ist.In the above-mentioned control device, the control unit detects the duration of the pulses of the control signal and uses it as an indirect measure of the inductance of the coil, which increases as the distance between the core and the armature decreases. Accordingly, the holding current is specified as the setpoint if the detected time period exceeds a limit value lies. It is very disadvantageous here that the time of impact of the anchor cannot be determined exactly. If the armature hits the core shortly before the current reaches its lower threshold value, the impact can only be detected after the following pulse of the control signal. Accordingly, there are high losses in the coil since the current is limited to the holding current too late. These can only be reduced if the starting current has a correspondingly low amount. However, this increases the time required for the armature to reach the core from a rest position to the stop. The actuator can therefore no longer be activated as quickly, which is particularly the case with injection or injection / Exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine is disadvantageous.
Demnach ist es die Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Steuervor¬ richtung derart auszubilden, daß ihre Ansprechzeit und ihre Verluste noch weiter reduziert werden.Accordingly, it is the object of the invention to design a control device in such a way that its response time and its losses are reduced even further.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Pa- tentanspruch 1 gelöst.The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claim 1.
Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, daß während der Be¬ wegung eines Ankers sich die Induktivität der Spule ändert und ab dem Auftreffen des Ankers auf einen Kern bis zum Lö- sen des Ankers jedoch konstant bleibt. Durch das Erfassen einer Änderung der Induktivität kann demnach ein genauer Auf¬ treffZeitpunkt des Ankers auf den Kern bestimmt werden. Dazu weist die Steuervorrichtung eine Meßvorrichtung auf, von der die Induktivität der Spule erfaßt wird und von der in Ab- hängigkeit von der Induktivität ein erstes Steuersignal er¬ zeugt wird, durch das der Sollwert auf einen Haltewert ein¬ gestellt wird.Die Meßvorrichtung umfaßt einen Signalgene¬ rator, der ein Prüfsignal erzeugt, mit dem die Spule beauf¬ schlagt wird. Das Prüfsignal hat vorteilhafterweise eine ge- ringe Amplitude. Des weiteren ist ein schmalbandiges Prüfsi¬ gnal vorteilhaft, dessen Frequenz wesentlich höher ist als die des Stroms durch die Spule. Vorzugsweise wird das erste Steuersignal erzeugt, wenn sich die Induktivität in einem vorgegebenen Zeitintervall um we¬ niger als einen unteren Schwellwert ändert. Das Zeitintervall kann so klein gewählt werden, daß der AuftreffZeitpunkt aus- reichend genau bestimmt wird. Es ist äußerst vorteilhaft, daß der AuftreffZeitpunkt unabhängig von Temperatur- und Alte¬ rungseinflüssen ermittelt werden kann.The invention is based on the knowledge that the inductance of the coil changes during the movement of an armature and, however, remains constant from when the armature strikes a core until the armature is released. By detecting a change in the inductance, a precise time of impact of the armature on the core can thus be determined. For this purpose, the control device has a measuring device from which the inductance of the coil is detected and from which a first control signal is generated as a function of the inductance, by means of which the desired value is set to a holding value. The measuring device comprises one Signal generator that generates a test signal that is applied to the coil. The test signal advantageously has a low amplitude. A narrow-band test signal is also advantageous, the frequency of which is significantly higher than that of the current through the coil. The first control signal is preferably generated when the inductance changes by less than a lower threshold value in a predetermined time interval. The time interval can be chosen so small that the time of impact is determined with sufficient accuracy. It is extremely advantageous that the point of impact can be determined independently of the effects of temperature and aging.
Vorzugsweise wird ein zweites Steuersignal erzeugt, wenn sich die Induktivität in dem Zeitintervall um mehr als einen vor¬ gegebenen oberen Schwellwert ändert . Dadurch kann auch ein Ablösezeitpunkt des Ankers vom Kern genau erfaßt werden.A second control signal is preferably generated if the inductance changes in the time interval by more than a predetermined upper threshold value. In this way, a time of detachment of the armature from the core can also be recorded precisely.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung und ihre Weiterbildungen werden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in der Zeichnung näher erläutert . Es zeigen:The invention and its developments are explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment in the drawing. Show it:
Figur 1: eine erfindungsgemäße Steuervorrichtung, Figur 2 : die Steuervorrichtung aus Figur 1 mit einerFigure 1: a control device according to the invention, Figure 2: the control device of Figure 1 with a
Ersatzschaltbilddarstellung eines Aktors, Figur3 : ein Blockschaltbild einer Meßvorrichtung aus Figur 2,Equivalent circuit diagram representation of an actuator, FIG. 3: a block diagram of a measuring device from FIG. 2,
Figur 4a-g: Signalverläufe in der Steuervorrichtung gemäßFigure 4a-g: waveforms in the control device according to
Figur 1, Figur 4a: den Verlauf eines Spulenstroms aufgetragen über dieFigure 1, Figure 4a: the course of a coil current plotted over the
Zeit, Figur 4b: den Verlauf einer Steuerspannung aufgetragen über die Zeit, Figur 4c: den Verlauf der Amplitude eines Ausgangsstroms aufgetragen über die Zeit,Time, FIG. 4b: the course of a control voltage plotted over time, FIG. 4c: the course of the amplitude of an output current plotted over time,
Figur 4e: den Verlauf eines ersten Steuersignals aufgetragen über die Zeit, Figur 4f : den Verlauf eines zweiten Steuersignals aufgetragen über die Zeit, Figur 4g: den Verlauf eines Pulssignals aufgetragen über dieFIG. 4e: the course of a first control signal plotted over time, Figure 4f: the course of a second control signal plotted over time, Figure 4g: the course of a pulse signal plotted over the
Zeit.Time.
Gleiche Elemente werden figurenübergreifend mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen gekennzeichnet.Identical elements are identified with the same reference symbols in all figures.
Eine Steuervorrichtung umfaßt einen Aktor 1, ein Stellglied 2, eine Regeleinheit 3 und eine Meßvorrichtung 4. Der Aktor 1 weist eine Spule 10 auf, die um einen Kern 11 gewickelt ist. eine Feder 12 ist derart an dem Kern 11 angeordnet, daß sie einen Anker 13 entgegen der Kraftrichtung einer magnetischen Kraft vorspannt, die im bestromten Zustand der Spule 10 wirkt.A control device comprises an actuator 1, an actuator 2, a control unit 3 and a measuring device 4. The actuator 1 has a coil 10 which is wound around a core 11. a spring 12 is arranged on the core 11 in such a way that it prestresses an armature 13 against the direction of force of a magnetic force which acts when the coil 10 is energized.
Das Stellglied 2 weist eine Spindel 21 und einen Kegel 22 auf . Es wird in dieser Ausbildung für ein Einspritzventil oder ein Ein-/ Auslaßventil des Motors verwendet. Die spezielle Ausbildung des Stellgliedes 2 ist nicht erfindungs¬ wesentlich. Demnach kann das Stellglied auch derart ausge¬ bildet sein, daß es beispielsweise für ein Common-Rail System oder ein Abgasrückführsystem verwendet werden kann.The actuator 2 has a spindle 21 and a cone 22. It is used in this design for an injection valve or an intake / exhaust valve of the engine. The special design of the actuator 2 is not essential to the invention. Accordingly, the actuator can also be designed such that it can be used, for example, for a common rail system or an exhaust gas recirculation system.
Die Spule ist über einen ersten Abgriffspunkt 5 und einen zweiten Abgriffspunkt 6 sowohl mit der Regeleinheit 3, als auch mit der Meßvorrichtung 4 verbunden.The coil is connected to the control unit 3 as well as to the measuring device 4 via a first tap point 5 and a second tap point 6.
In erster Näherung kann die Spule 10 als Serienschaltung eines Widerstandes 100 und einer Induktivität 101 dargestellt werden (Figur 2) . Der Aufbau der Regeleinheit 3 an sich ist bekannt und für die Erfindung nicht wesentlich. Demnach wird er im folgenden nicht weiter beschrieben. Die Funktionsweise der Regeleinheit 3 wird anhand der Figur 4a, 4b beschrieben.In a first approximation, the coil 10 can be represented as a series connection of a resistor 100 and an inductor 101 (FIG. 2). The structure of the control unit 3 is known per se and is not essential for the invention. Accordingly, it is not described further below. The operation of the control unit 3 is described with reference to Figures 4a, 4b.
Die Meßvorrichtung 4 weist einen Signalgenerator auf, der als Oszillator 40 ausgebildet ist und von dem ein Prüfsignal (im folgenden als PrüfSpannung bezeichnet) erzeugt wird. Der Os¬ zillator 40 ist mit einer ersten Koppelvorrichtung 41 ver¬ bunden, die über den ersten Abgriffspunkt 5 mit der Spule 10 verbunden ist. Die Koppelvorrichtung 41 ist beispielsweise als Kondensator oder als Bandpaß ausgebildet, dessen Band¬ breite in etwa der der PrüfSpannung entspricht.The measuring device 4 has a signal generator which is designed as an oscillator 40 and of which a test signal (in hereinafter referred to as test voltage) is generated. The oscillator 40 is connected to a first coupling device 41, which is connected to the coil 10 via the first tap point 5. The coupling device 41 is designed, for example, as a capacitor or as a bandpass filter, the bandwidth of which approximately corresponds to that of the test voltage.
Die Spule 10 wird somit mit der PrüfSpannung beaufschlagt, die in dieser Ausführungsform eine sinusförmige Spannung mit einer deutlich höheren Frequenz als die höchste vorkommende Frequenz in einer SteuerSpannung ist, mit der die Spule 10 von der Regeleinheit 3 beaufschlagt wird. Dadurch ist gewähr¬ leistet, daß ein Ausgangsstrom IA über eine zweite Koppel- Vorrichtung 42 ausgekoppelt werden kann, die wiederum aus einem Kondensator oder einem Bandpaß besteht und die über den zweiten Abgriffspunkt 6 mit der Spule 10 verbunden ist. Die Bandbreite des Bandpasses ist vorteilhaft so gewählt, daß sie in etwa der der PrüfSpannung entspricht .The coil 10 is thus subjected to the test voltage, which in this embodiment is a sinusoidal voltage with a significantly higher frequency than the highest occurring frequency in a control voltage with which the control unit 3 applies the coil 10. This ensures that an output current I A can be coupled out via a second coupling device 42, which in turn consists of a capacitor or a bandpass filter and which is connected to the coil 10 via the second tap point 6. The bandwidth of the bandpass filter is advantageously chosen so that it corresponds approximately to that of the test voltage.
Die Amplitude der Prüfspannung ist so vorgegeben, daß sie deutlich kleiner ist als die der Steuerspannung Us . Zwischen dem Oszillator 40 und der ersten KoppelVorrichtung 41 ist ein Spannungsmesser 43 angeordnet, von dem der Betrag der Prüf- spannung erfaßt wird und an eine Auswertevorrichtung 44 wei- tergeleitet wird.The amplitude of the test voltage is predetermined so that it is significantly smaller than that of the control voltage U s . A voltage meter 43 is arranged between the oscillator 40 and the first coupling device 41, from which the magnitude of the test voltage is detected and passed on to an evaluation device 44.
Eine Meßeinrichtung, die als Strommesser 45 ausgebildet ist, ist mit der zweiten Koppelvorrichtung 42 verbunden und erfaßt den Betrag des AusgangsStroms IA und leitet ihn als Meßsignal an die Auswertevorrichtung 44 weiter. In der Auswertevor¬ richtung 44 wird durch das Bilden des Verhältnisses von dem Betrag der Prüfspannung zu dem Betrag des Ausgangsstroms IA und unter Berücksichtigung des vorgegebenen Widerstands 100 ein Induktivitätswert L der Induktivität 101 bestimmt. Dieser Vorgang wird in fest vorgegebenen Zeitintervallen durchge¬ führt . Ändert sich der Induktivitätswert L innerhalb eines Zeitintervalls um weniger als einen vorgegebenen unteren Schwellwert, so wird ein erstes Steuersignal Sl erzeugt. Ändert sich hingegen der Induktivitätwert L in einem vor¬ gegebenen Zeitintervall um mehr als einen vorgegebenen oberen Schwellwert, so wird ein zweites Steuersignal S2 erzeugt. In der Regeleinheit 3 wird bei dem Anliegen des ersten Steuer¬ signals Sl ein Sollwert für den Spulenstrom Is von einem An¬ zugsstrom 1^ auf einen Haltestrom IH reduziert .A measuring device, which is designed as an ammeter 45, is connected to the second coupling device 42 and detects the magnitude of the output current I A and forwards it as a measuring signal to the evaluation device 44. In the evaluation device 44, an inductance value L of the inductance 101 is determined by forming the ratio of the amount of the test voltage to the amount of the output current I A and taking into account the predetermined resistance 100. This process is carried out at predefined time intervals. If the inductance value L changes within a time interval by less than a predetermined lower one Threshold value, a first control signal S1 is generated. If, on the other hand, the inductance value L changes by more than a predetermined upper threshold value in a predetermined time interval, a second control signal S2 is generated. In the control unit 3, when the first control signal S1 is applied, a setpoint value for the coil current I s is reduced from a pull-in current 1 ^ to a holding current I H.
Die Figur 4a zeigt den Verlauf des Spulenstroms Is aufge- tragen über die Zeit t. Zum Zeitpunkt t0 wird ein Pulssignal P (Figur 4f) erzeugt. Daraufhin wird von der Regeleinheit 3 eine Steuerspannung Us angelegt, die über dem Widerstand 100 und der Induktivität 101 abfällt.FIG. 4a shows the course of the coil current I s plotted over time t. A pulse signal P (FIG. 4f) is generated at time t 0 . A control voltage U s is then applied by the control unit 3 and drops across the resistor 100 and the inductance 101.
Der Betrag der SteuerSpannung Us entspricht dem der Anzugs- Spannung UA. Der Spulenstrom Is steigt annähernd exponentiell bis zum Zeitpunkt tx an, zu dem er den Wert eines maximalen Anzugsstroms IAMAX erreicht. Daraufhin wird der Betrag der Steuerspannung Us auf eine Nullspannung U0 (z.B. 0 Volt) ver- ringert. Der Spulenstrom ls fällt dann annähernd exponentiell ab, bis er im Zeitpunkt t2 den Betrag des minimalen Anzugs- Stroms IftmH aufweist. Dann wird wieder eine Steuerspannung Us mit dem Betrag der AnzugsSpannung UA an der Spule 10 ange¬ legt, bis der Spulenstrom Is zum Zeitpunkt t3 wieder den Wert des maximalen Anzugsstroms IΛMΛX erreicht. Dieser Vorgang wird solange fortgesetzt, bis zum Zeitpunkt t4 das erste Steuer¬ signal Sl erzeugt wird.The amount of the control voltage U s corresponds to that of the pull-in voltage U A. The coil current I s increases approximately exponentially until the time t x , at which it reaches the value of a maximum starting current I AMAX . The magnitude of the control voltage U s is then reduced to a zero voltage U 0 (for example 0 volts). The coil current I s then drops approximately exponentially until it has the magnitude of the minimum pull-in current I ft m H at time t 2 . Then a control voltage U s with the amount of the starting voltage U A is applied to the coil 10 until the coil current I s again reaches the value of the maximum starting current I ΛMΛX at time t 3 . This process continues until the first control signal S1 is generated at time t 4 .
Zum Zeitpunkt t4 weist der Verlauf der Amplitude des Aus- gangsstroms IA (vgl. Figur 4c) über der Zeit einen Knick auf. In Figur 4d ist ein plötzliches Abflachen des Verlaufs des Induktivitätswertes auf einen in etwa konstanten Wert im Punkt t4 zu erkennen. In dem Zeitpunkt t4A hat sich der In¬ duktivitätswert L in dem Zeitintervall von dem Zeitpunkt t3A bis zum Zeitpunkt t4A weniger als ein unterer Schwellwert verändert. Demnach wird zum Zeitpunkt t4 das erste Steuer¬ signal Sx (vgl. Figur 4e) erzeugt. Die Zeitintervalle zwischen zwei Ermittlungen des Induktivi¬ tätswertes L können beliebig klein gewählt werden, wenn der untere und der obere Schwellwert entsprechend angepaßt werden. Dadurch läßt sich der AuftreffZeitpunkt und der Ablö¬ sezeitpunkt beliebig genau bestimmen.At time t 4 , the course of the amplitude of the output current I A (see FIG. 4c) has a kink over time. A sudden flattening of the course of the inductance value to an approximately constant value at point t 4 can be seen in FIG. 4d. At time t 4A , the inductance value L changed less than a lower threshold value in the time interval from time t 3A to time t 4A . Accordingly, the first control signal S x (see FIG. 4e) is generated at time t 4 . The time intervals between two determinations of the inductance value L can be chosen to be as small as desired if the lower and the upper threshold value are adapted accordingly. As a result, the time of impact and the time of release can be determined as precisely as desired.
Zum Zeitpunkt t4A wird der Spulenstrom Is durch geeignete Schaltungsmittel, wie z. B. eine Freilaufdiode, möglichst schnell auf einen Haltestrom IH reduziert. Zum Zeitpunkt t5 erreicht der Spulenstrom Is den Wert des minimalen Halte¬ stroms IHMIN- Daraufhin wird die Steuerspannung Us auf eine Haltespannung UH eingestellt . Zum Zeitpunkt t6 erreicht dann der Spulenstrom Is den Wert eines maximalen Haltestroms IHMAX- Daraufhin wird die Steuerspannung Us wieder auf die Null- spannung U0 zurückgenommen bis der Spulenstrom ls den Wert des minimalen Haltestroms IHMIN erreicht . Dieser Vorgang wiederholt sich bis zum Zeitpunkt t7 das Pulssignal P zurück¬ genommen wird. Daraufhin wird die Steuerspannung Us auf die Nullspannung U0 eingestellt und der Strom durch die Spule durch geeignete Schaltmittel (z.B. Freilaufdiode) bis zu einem Nullstrom (z.B. 0 Ampere) verringert.At time t 4A , the coil current I s by suitable circuit means, such as. B. a free-wheeling diode, reduced as quickly as possible to a holding current I H. At time t 5 , the coil current I s reaches the value of the minimum holding current I HMIN - the control voltage U s is then set to a holding voltage U H. At time t 6 , the coil current I s then reaches the value of a maximum holding current I HMAX - thereupon the control voltage U s is reduced again to the zero voltage U 0 until the coil current I s reaches the value of the minimum holding current I HMIN . This process is repeated until the pulse signal P is withdrawn at time t 7 . The control voltage U s is then set to the zero voltage U 0 and the current through the coil is reduced to a zero current (for example 0 amperes) by suitable switching means (for example a freewheeling diode).
Das Lösen des Ankers 13 vom Kern 11 erfolgt aber erst zum Zeitpunkt t8, bei dem durch den Spulenstrom ls nicht mehr die benötigte Haltekraft aufgebracht werden kann. In Figur 4d ist zum Zeitpunkt t8 ein starker Abfall des Induktivitätswertes L zu erkennen. Demnach wird zu diesem Zeitpunkt das zweite Steuersignal S2 (Figur 4e) erzeugt.However, the armature 13 is only released from the core 11 at the time t 8 , at which the required holding force can no longer be applied by the coil current l s . FIG. 4d shows a sharp drop in the inductance value L at time t 8 . Accordingly, the second control signal S 2 (FIG. 4e) is generated at this time.
Weist das Prüfsignal eine sehr hohe Frequenz auf, so kann der Einfluß des Widerstandes 101 vernachlässigt werden. Bei der Wahl einer niedrigeren Frequenz des PrüfSignals können tempe¬ ratur- und alterungsabhängige Veränderungen des Widerstands 101 durch geeignete Widerstandsmeßmittel erfaßt werden. Bei nicht anliegenden Pulssignal P kann durch diese Widerstands¬ meßmittel der Spule 10 eine Spannung aufgeprägt werden und der stationäre Strom durch die Spule 10 erfaßt werden. Das Verhältnis aus diesen beiden Größen bildet dann den Wert des Widerstands 100.If the test signal has a very high frequency, the influence of the resistor 101 can be neglected. When a lower frequency of the test signal is selected, temperature and age-dependent changes in the resistance 101 can be detected by means of suitable resistance measuring means. If the pulse signal P is not present, a voltage can be impressed on the coil 10 by means of these resistance measuring means the stationary current through the coil 10 can be detected. The ratio of these two quantities then forms the value of the resistor 100.
Die Steuervorrichtung ermöglicht demnach das präzise Erfassen des AuftreffZeitpunkts des Ankers 13 auf den Kern ll. Dadurch ist es möglich den Spulenstrom Is in der Nähe der Sättigungs- grenze der Spule 10 bis zu dem AuftreffZeitpunkt des Ankers 13 einzustellen, so daß der Anker 13 so stark wie möglich beschleunigt wird. Die Verluste in der Steuervorrichtung werden durch ein schnelles Verringern des Spulenstroms Is von einem Wert zwischen dem maximalen Anzugsstrom 1^^ und dem minimalen Anzugsstrom I HN auf den minimalen Haltestrom IHMIN sehr gering gehalten.The control device accordingly enables precise detection of the time of impact of the armature 13 on the core 11. This makes it possible to set the coil current I s in the vicinity of the saturation limit of the coil 10 up to the point of impact of the armature 13, so that the armature 13 is accelerated as much as possible. The losses in the control device are kept very low by rapidly reducing the coil current I s from a value between the maximum starting current I ^^ and the minimum starting current I HN to the minimum holding current I HMIN .
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Meßvorrichtung 4 einen zweiten Strommesser auf, der den Betrag des Spulenstroms Is erfaßt und an die Auswertevor¬ richtung 44 weiterleitet. Die Meßvorrichtung 4 verfügt dann über einen Kennfeldspeicher, in dem Stützwerte für dieIn a further embodiment of the invention, the measuring device 4 has a second ammeter which detects the magnitude of the coil current I s and forwards it to the evaluation device 44. The measuring device 4 then has a map memory in which base values for the
Position des Ankers 13 in Abhängigkeit von dem Betrag des Spulenstroms Is und der Induktivität L abgelegt sind. Somit kann bei dieser Ausführungsform der Erfindung die Position des Ankers 13 ermittelt werden.Position of the armature 13 in dependence on the amount of the coil current I s and the inductance L are stored. The position of the armature 13 can thus be determined in this embodiment of the invention.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Meßvorrichtung 4 Mittel zum Erfassen der Phasendifferenz zwischen dem Prüfsignal und dem Ausgangssignal. In der Aus¬ wertevorrichtung 44 wird aus der Phasendifferenz unter Be- rücksichtigung des vorgegebenen Widerstands 100 der Induk¬ tivitätswert L der Induktivität 101 bestimmt. In a further embodiment of the invention, the measuring device 4 has means for detecting the phase difference between the test signal and the output signal. In the evaluation device 44, the inductance value L of the inductance 101 is determined from the phase difference, taking into account the predetermined resistance 100.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Steuervorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine1. Control device for an internal combustion engine
- mit einem magnetischen Aktor (1) , der eine Spule (10) und einen Anker (13) aufweist,- With a magnetic actuator (1) which has a coil (10) and an armature (13),
- mit einem Stellglied (2) , das mit dem Aktor (1) verbunden ist, und- With an actuator (2) which is connected to the actuator (1), and
- mit einer Regeleinheit (3) , von der der Strom durch die Spule bei einem vorhandenen Pulssignal (P) so geregelt wird, daß er einem Sollwert folgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet,with a control unit (3), by which the current through the coil is controlled in the presence of a pulse signal (P) in such a way that it follows a setpoint, characterized in that
- daß sie eine Meßvorrichtung (4) aufweist, die einen Signalgenerator umfaßt, der ein Prüfsignal erzeugt, mit dem die Spule (10) beaufschlagt wird, die eine Meßeinrichtung aufweist, die ein Ausgangssignal erfaßt, das von der Spule (10) in Abhängigkeit von dem Prüfsignal erzeugt wird, die eine Auswertevorrichtung (44) umfaßt, die in Abhängigkeit von dem Prüfsignal und dem Ausgangssignal einen Induktivitätswert (L) der Spule (10) ermittelt und in Abhängigkeit von dem Induktivitätswert (L) ein erstes- That it has a measuring device (4) which comprises a signal generator which generates a test signal with which the coil (10) is applied, which has a measuring device which detects an output signal which is dependent on the coil (10) the test signal is generated, which comprises an evaluation device (44) which determines an inductance value (L) of the coil (10) as a function of the test signal and the output signal and a first one as a function of the inductance value (L)
Steuersignal (Sl) erzeugt, durch das der Sollwert auf einen Haltewert eingestellt wird.Control signal (Sl) generated by which the setpoint is set to a hold value.
2. Steuervorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Steuersignal (Sl) erzeugt wird, wenn sich der2. Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first control signal (Sl) is generated when the
Induktivitätswert (L) in einem vorgegebenen Zeitintervall um weniger als einen vorgegebenen unteren Schwellwert ändert.Changes inductance value (L) in a predetermined time interval by less than a predetermined lower threshold value.
3. Steuervorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein zweites Steuersignal (S2) erzeugt wird, wenn der Induktivitätswert (L) in einem vorgegebenen Zeitintervall um mehr als einen vorgegebenen oberen Schwellwert abnimmt . 3. Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that a second control signal (S2) is generated when the inductance value (L) decreases by more than a predetermined upper threshold value in a predetermined time interval.
4. Steuervorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Meßvorrichtung (4) der Betrag des Stroms durch die Spule (10) erfaßt wird, und daß die Position des Ankers (13) aus einem Kennfeld in Abhängigkeit von dem Betrag des Stroms durch die Spule (10) und dem Induktivitätswert (L) ausgelesen wird. 4. Control device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the measuring device (4) the amount of current through the coil (10) is detected, and that the position of the armature (13) from a map depending on the amount of current through the coil (10) and the inductance value (L) is read out.
EP96945993A 1996-02-13 1996-11-18 Control device for an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0880787B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19605244 1996-02-13
DE19605244 1996-02-13
PCT/DE1996/002187 WO1997030462A1 (en) 1996-02-13 1996-11-18 Control device for an internal combustion engine

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DE59608979D1 (en) 2002-05-02
WO1997030462A1 (en) 1997-08-21

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