Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
  • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
  • E04B1/34823—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of concrete

Definitions

• the invention relates to a kit for prefabricated multi-storey buildings, consisting of prefabricated element frames, each having a ceiling panel, which is rigidly connected at its outer end edge to an outer handle and is connected to an inner handle near the inner end edge of the ceiling plate.
• kits for prefabricated construction are known in numerous different embodiments.
• the ceiling slabs which form the horizontal ceilings of a usually multi-storey building, are supported by supports and wall elements. If the prefabricated vertical wall elements serve to absorb the vertical loads and take on the function of supports, as is the case with the so-called panel construction, the choice of the respective wall elements essentially defines and defines the layout and the possible uses of the rooms produced in this way .
• the element frames used for this purpose which are also to be stacked one on top of the other, each consist of a ceiling plate, each of which has a vertical wall panel connected to the two opposite edges thereof sen that form the two frame stems.
• the object of the invention is therefore to design a kit of the type mentioned for prefabricated multi-storey buildings so that while maintaining the advantage of extensive prefabrication of the element frame and a relatively simple and easy construction of the individual element frame without additional stiffening measures a high rigidity of thus errieg ⁇ ten building against transverse forces acting in both horizontal directions is reached.
• the outer handle is designed as an angular profile and one end wall section extending at right angles to the ceiling plate and a transverse wall section extending at an angle to this end wall section and perpendicular to the ceiling plate.
• individual modules or element frames are constructed, each consisting of a ceiling plate and two frame posts connected to it, at least one of which is rigidly connected to the ceiling plate.
• the frame handle arranged on the outer end edge of the ceiling plate and consisting of two wall sections running at right angles to one another is referred to below as the "outer handle” because in many cases it lies in the outer wall of the building when a building is being built.
• the other stem, which is arranged close to the inner end edge of the ceiling plate, is therefore in most cases located inside the building and is therefore referred to below as the “inner stem”.
• an arrangement is also possible in which the inner handle of the element frame is arranged on the outer wall of the building.
• the design of the outer handle with two wall sections arranged at an angle to one another means that a rigid connection to the ceiling plate is possible in a very simple manner as a result of the profile cross section of the outer handle.
• a suitable connection of the outer handle with the ceiling plate is already achieved by simple connecting elements that can be subjected to tensile stress, because the entire profile cross section of the outer handle lies against the ceiling plate.
• the design of the outer handle according to the invention by simply stacking such element frames on top of one another, also very simply achieves a rigid connection between the element frames arranged one above the other. Due to the design of the outer post with two sections arranged at an angle to one another, a rigid connection that extends through all floors is achieved at the base of the outer post simply by being supported on the element frame arranged underneath, i.e. a wall disc running through the floors is created, each consisting of a plurality of frame stems. Each element frame stack formed in this way has stiffening elements in both horizontal directions, so that even with the simplest and lightest execution of the element frames, a stack of high stability which forms the structure of the building is created.
• connection can also be retrofitted when the building is dismantled, without causing significant damage to the ceiling panels and frame supports. This ensures an orderly and therefore inexpensive dismantling.
• the components can be reused.
• the wall sections of the outer handle arranged at an angle to one another simultaneously form edge sections of the walls adjoining here. Since the required load-bearing functions are fully fulfilled by the frame handles, the wall areas in between, which have no load-bearing function, can be designed in any way and can also be replaced later.
• the outer handle is T-shaped in cross section and that the end wall section extends on both sides via the connection point to the transverse wall section extends out.
• the outer stems designed in this way can be included in a particularly favorable manner in the layout of the building and are used in particular to form a transverse wall connection to an end wall. If no transverse wall is desired at this point, the transverse wall sections of the outer stems protruding from the front wall do not significantly interfere with the room division, since they only form narrow wall pillars projecting into the room.
• the outer and inner stems do not have to be arranged in the mirror axis of the ceiling tile, but can be attached eccentrically. In this way, three element frames (two normal element frames and one mirrored element) can be used to create three rooms of different widths according to their addition.
• the outer stems can also have an L-shaped cross section.
• the units constructed from this are preferably used on the outer edges of the building.
• the inner stem can have a T-shaped cross section and consist of a transverse wall portion aligned with the transverse wall portion of the outer stems and an inner wall portion running parallel to the end wall portion of the outer stems.
• This embodiment is particularly advantageous if these wall sections of the inner stems are provided as edge sections of adjoining walls.
• the mutually aligned transverse wall sections of the two Stems can be supplemented by inserting a non-load-bearing wall section into a closed transverse wall.
• the inner wall sections of adjacent inner stems can accommodate a likewise non-load-bearing inner wall section between them.
• the inner handle it is also possible to design the inner handle so that it consists of an inner wall section running parallel to the end wall section of the outer handle and thus only of a flat, narrow wall disk. This version is useful if the inner handle forms part of an inner wall and does not connect a transverse wall at this point.
• the inner handle can also consist of just one column, which can be included in the room layout as a free-standing column, for example.
• the inner handle is arranged at a distance from the inner end edge of the ceiling plate.
• the ceiling panel thus has a panel overhang projecting beyond the inner end edge of the ceiling panel. Particularly when used for residential buildings, it makes sense to provide the area between the outer stems and inner stems as living space and the area covered by the panel overhang as traffic area.
• the stem elements can be arranged centrally or eccentrically under the plate.
• Each ceiling tile forms a prefabricated element frame with the attached outer and inner stems; the building consists of a large number of these element frames and possibly further element units, such as wall or ceiling elements and / or room cells.
• Each element frame preferably consists of a ceiling plate and outer and inner stems protruding downward therefrom. The element frame thus forms a table-like unit.
• each element frame consists of a ceiling plate and outer and inner stems protruding upwards therefrom; the ceiling panel forms a prefabricated floor section provided with a prefabricated floor structure including integrated line installations.
• connection of the outer stem and the inner stem to the ceiling plate by means of connecting elements provided for this purpose can take place on the construction site before the element frame thus formed is introduced into the building body or only directly on site in the building body. Instead, however, it is also possible to provide these connections during the prefabrication of the element frames and to transport the element frames thus prefabricated to the construction site.
• 1 is an element frame consisting of a ceiling plate and two stems in spatial representation
• FIG. 2 shows two element frames assembled to form a building section according to FIG. 1, 3-6 different embodiments of element frames, each in an exploded, spatial representation,
• FIGS. 1-6 shows a partially constructed building consisting of element frames according to FIGS. 1-6 and further elements, parts being omitted,
• FIG. 8 shows an element frame with a ceiling plate at the bottom provided with a floor structure
• FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the connection of a handle with a ceiling plate and the handle located above,
• 13 is a vertical section of another embodiment of the connection between the ceiling plate and a lower and an upper outer handle
• FIG. 14 shows, in a vertical section, an embodiment of the connection of the end wall section and the transverse wall section of an outer handle that is modified compared to FIG. 13,
• 19 is a plan view of a ceiling frame of a wooden ceiling panel
• Fig. 20 is an enlarged partial section along the line XX-XX in Fig. 19 and
• Fig. 21 is an enlarged vertical partial section similar to FIG. 12, but in a wooden construction.
• Fig. 1 shows an element frame 1, which consists of a ceiling plate 2, an outer stem 3 rigidly attached thereto and an inner stem 4.
• elements forming the element frame 1 are prefabricated and can consist of reinforced concrete, wood, steel, masonry or other materials.
• the element frames can be designed in wood glue construction, wood frame construction, prefabricated masonry construction or steel frame construction.
• the rectangular ceiling plate 2 has an outer end edge 2a and an inner end edge 2b.
• the outer handle 3 is attached to the outer end edge 2a of the ceiling plate 2.
• the outer handle 3 is designed as an angle handle with a T-shaped cross section.
• An end wall section 5 is arranged at right angles to the ceiling panel 2 and extends on both sides over the connection point with a transverse wall section 6, which is arranged at right angles to the front wall section 5 and to the ceiling panel 2.
• the outer handle 3 is rigidly connected to the ceiling plate 2, as will be explained in more detail later.
• the inner handle 4 like the outer handle 3, is also designed with a T-shaped cross section. It consists of a transverse wall section 7 aligned with the transverse wall section 6 of the outer handle 3 and an inner wall section 8 running parallel to the end wall section 5 of the outer handle 3.
• FIG. 4 A modified version of the inner handle 4 is shown in Fig. 4.
• the inner handle 4 consists of an inner wall section 9 running parallel to the end wall section 5 of the outer handle 3.
• the inner stem 4 is formed by a column.
• the modified element frame 1 shown in FIG. 6 shows an L-shaped cross section of the outer stem 3 and the inner stem 4.
• a different floor plan shape of the ceiling panels 2 can also be selected, for example trapezoidal or parallel.
• the stems can - as shown in Fig. 1-5 - be arranged centrally to the ceiling plate 2. 6, on the other hand, shows an example of an eccentric arrangement of the stems under or above the ceiling plate.
• the building shown in FIG. 7 in a partial representation consists of a plurality of the element frames 1 described and further element units, in particular coupling plates 10, which connect adjacent ceiling plates 2, room cells 11 and further (not shown wall elements).
• Fig. 2 the assembly of element frame 1 is shown.
• the stems 3 and 4 form lateral wall sections of outer walls, inner walls and transverse walls. To complete these walls, (non-load-bearing) wall sections are inserted between the adjacent stems or through openings or window openings are left free.
• the inner stems 4 are each arranged at a distance from the inner end edge 2b of the ceiling panel 2, the inner end of the ceiling panel 2 forms a panel overhang 2c, which is preferably above a traffic area 12 in the building plan.
• the living space 13 lies between the stems 3 and 4.
• the stems 3, 4 each extend downward from the ceiling plate 2, so that a table-shaped element frame 1 is formed, in FIG. 8 an embodiment is shown in which the element frame 1 according to Art of an upturned table.
• the ceiling plate 2 lying below supports a floor structure 15, which consists of a floating screed 16, impact sound insulation 17 and thermal insulation 18 with an integrated pipe installation 19.
• the line installation can - as far as necessary - already extend into the connected stems 3 or 4 with the prefabricated element frame 1.
• Rib rods for example threaded rods 20, are concreted in at a spacing from one another on the upper side of the inner post 4, which in this case has a T-shaped cross section.
• the threaded rods 14 protrude through recesses 21 in the ceiling plate 2 into recesses 22 on the underside of the inner stem 4 arranged above them.
• the recesses 20 can be passed through a potting opening 23 and 22 are cast after assembly.
• 20 shims 24 can be placed under the ceiling plate 2 in the area of the threaded rods.
• the threaded rods 20 forming the connecting elements in this case extend from the upper end of an outer or inner stem 3 or 4 through the recesses 20 in the ceiling plate 2 to the lower end of the respective outer or inner stem 3 or 4 and are in essentially claimed on train. This results in a rigid connection of the stems 3 or 4 to the ceiling plate 2.
• connecting elements can be used to produce this connection, which are axially parallel and in the section to each other arranged connecting pins similar to the threaded rods 20, which in the mutually facing, the ceiling plates between them 2 receiving stem ends are anchored.
• Fig. 11 shows an embodiment of the connection for reinforced concrete construction, the connecting elements each consisting of two interconnected coupling pieces, each coupling piece being connected to one of the two facing stem ends.
• the coupling pieces consist of coupling plates 25 which are welded to the reinforcement 26 in the upper arm 3, and pairs of coupling plates 27 which are arranged at a distance from one another and which are welded to the reinforcement 28 of the lower arm 3.
• the coupling plates 25 and 27 overlap in the cutout 22 in the foot of the upper stem 3. They contain slots 29 into which wedges 30 are driven. These wedges 30 assume the function of a shear pin in the final state.
• the recesses 21 and 22 are filled with mortar in the manner already described after wedging. For the purpose of disassembling the building this mortar can be removed again. The mortar filling the recessed cavity 22 is pried open locally and the wedge 30 is pulled out.
• the slots 29 for the wedges 30 are arranged in height so that 30 height differences can be compensated for in accordance with the wedge inclination and the depth of use of the wedge.
• the coupling plates 27 To transport the prefabricated elements, they are attached to the coupling plates 27.
• a mandrel can be inserted into the slots 29 of the coupling plates 27, which is anchored in the hook or in the rope loop of a crane sling.
• FIG. 12 shows a coupling plate 10 which connects adjacent ceiling plates 2 to one another. By choosing different widths of this coupling plate 10, individual floor plan dimensions can be generated. As shown in FIG. 12, a lateral support 31 of the coupling plate 10 is toothed with a lateral bracket band 32, so that horizontal forces can be transmitted between the individual element frames 1. The teeth can also be achieved, for example, by oarlocks (not shown).
• Plug connections, casting pockets, loop connections, screw connections, welded connections, dowels and wedge anchors are suitable for connecting the elements of the element frame 1 in reinforced concrete construction.
• a toothing cam 33 projecting downward at the foot of the transverse wall section 6 of the upper outer stem 3, which can be profiled on its vertical edges, through a recess 34 in the ceiling plate 2 into a pocket 35 of the transverse wall 6 of the outer stem 3 located below it and is cast there.
• the horizontal forces occurring from the outer shaft 3 are introduced into the ceiling plate 2 via this toothing cam 33.
• composite sheets 36 are provided, which are concreted into the end wall section 5 and each protrude into a recess 37 in the transverse wall section 6 and are fixed there by bolts 38.
• a dovetail-shaped pin 39 can instead be provided on the transverse wall section 6, which protrudes into a conical recess 40 in the end wall section 5 and is fixed there by a locking bar 41.
• FIG. 15 shows a type of connection modified compared to FIG. 13.
• a cam 42 projecting upward on the upper side of the transverse wall section 6 engages in a recess 43 at the foot of the transverse wall section 6 of the upper stem and is secured there by a subsequently cast bolt 44.
• a composite sheet 45 is concreted into the transverse wall section 6 during manufacture.
• the composite sheet 45 engages in pockets 46 of the adjacent end wall sections 5 and is fixed there by bolts 47 and potting compound 48.
• FIG. 16 shows a horizontal section along the line XVI-XVI in FIG. 13.
• composite sheets 48 projecting up and down are concreted into the ceiling slab 2 engage in recesses 49 of the stems and are anchored there in the manner already described by bolts 50 and potting.
• FIGS. 19-21 show a top view of an element frame 1 in timber construction, the planking and connecting elements not being shown.
• a ceiling frame 51 with intermediate supports 52 is connected to end wall frames 53 and transverse wall frames 54, which form the load-bearing structure of the outer stem 3 and the inner stem 4.
• the ceiling frame 51 rests on the rafters 54a of the transverse wall frame 54.
• the middle post of the end wall frame 53 is connected to the outer post of the transverse wall frame 54, for example by screwing.
• the support loads are introduced into the transverse wall frame 54 via the middle end wall post and via the rafters 54a. Therefore, the posts of the transverse wall frame 54, as shown in FIG. 20, bumped directly from end-to-end, possibly with a hardwood intermediate layer. Deformations due to the greater flexibility of a beam that is stressed transversely to the grain direction are avoided.
• Fig. 21 shows in wooden construction a coupling plate 10, which is placed with its bilateral cross-members 55 on side bracket strips 56 of the adjacent ceiling panels 2.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
• Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
• Buffer Packaging (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)

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• 1996
  • 1996-02-09 DE DE19604690A patent/DE19604690A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1997
  • 1997-02-06 EP EP97902345A patent/EP0880624B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-02-06 AT AT97902345T patent/ATE193741T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-02-06 WO PCT/EP1997/000541 patent/WO1997029250A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1997-02-06 AU AU16018/97A patent/AU1601897A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-02-06 DE DE59701844T patent/DE59701844D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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