Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/02—Material of vegetable origin
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
  • D21H11/12—Pulp from non-woody plants or crops, e.g. cotton, flax, straw, bagasse

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of fermented sugar beet pulps in the manufacture of paper or cardboard.
• the present invention also relates to a process for manufacturing fermented beet pulps.
• the present invention describes a method for processing beet pulps to obtain a product having good characteristics as a substitute ingredient in the manufacture of paper.
• Paper is a film made up of a network of individual welded fibers. In general, its manufacture goes through a wet process which involves cellulosic fibers. Paper pulp is produced from wood and the composition varies according to the qualities of paper. The sheet is formed after draining a uniform deposit on a canvas provided for this purpose. The long fibers (obtained from hardwood) allow the formation of a network in which the short fibers are deposited (obtained from softwood) and the whole contributes to the mechanical resistance of the material formed after drying. Additives and bulking agents are very often used to improve characteristics such as appearance, porosity and surface condition.
• Beet pulp is a by-product of the sugar beet processing industry.
• the beets are grated and the sugar is extracted with water. This is followed by pressing in order to increase the dry matter content to around 25 to 30%.
• the main components of beet pulp are on average cellulose (27%),
• Fackcellulose (29%), pectin (29%), the minor components being sugar (3%), lignin (3%) and ash (4%). These components together form the characteristic cellular structure of beet pulp. This structure consists of parenchymal cells held together and linked transversely by xylem and tubular phloem.
• Patent EP 0102 829 teaches a method of separating polymers from plant materials containing parenchymal cells under extreme pH conditions and at an elevated temperature for a short reaction time.
• the isolated cellulosic material called PCC (Parenchymal Cell Cellulose)
• PCC Parenchymal Cell Cellulose
• Patent CS 0174 308 describes a method of manufacturing paper from arabinose extraction residues from beet pulps.
• Patent EP 0139 658 discloses a method of depectinization and dehydration of raw beet pulps.
• the raw pulps impregnated with acidified water are subjected to an alternating succession of compression and decompression stages. Mechanical work produces a kind of retting of the pulp fibers.
• the fibers separate from each other, their directional arrangement disappears and the pectins are dissolved.
• the dried end product is suitable for papermaking. Only one industrial process using beet pulps for papermaking without any prior extraction has been described.
• Patent EP 0644 293 discloses a process for grinding the dried pulps and the use of these crushed pulps as a filler for the paper.
• the dried pulps are crushed and micronized.
• the resulting product is tested and used in papermaking on an industrial scale.
• the characteristics of the paper obtained are comparable with those of paper produced according to the same process but without the beet pulps.
• the pulps are dried and the final filler product is therefore not commercially competitive compared to other by-products such as sawdust or straw. Since papermaking is a wet process, it does not seem useful to dry the load which must be rewetted later.
• the present invention relates to the use of fermented beet pulps in the manufacture of paper. More particularly, this invention relates to a method for preparing a product derived from sugar beet pulps, which can be added to the pulp so as to decrease the need for raw materials traditionally used in the manufacture of paper.
• the invention describes paper or cardboard containing beet pulp.
• the present invention also describes a process for obtaining a preparation of fermented beet pulps comprising the following stages: the beet pulps are ensiled under conditions giving rise to lactic fermentation, - the fermented pulps are diluted, the fermented pulps diluted with moderate mechanical shearing.
• Silage is carried out according to known methods with pulps preferably containing 15 to 35% of dry matter. Silage is continued until the pH is at least below about 5 and above about
• lactic acid in quantity varying according to the sugars available.
• concentration of lactic acid generally varies from 1 to 10% of the dry matter of beet pulp.
• the pulps are diluted to 1 to 10% of dry matter before moderate mechanical shearing. The shearing must be carried out in order to obtain an adequate distribution of the dimensions of the fermented pulps.
• the present invention describes a paper or cardboard composition
• a paper or cardboard composition comprising from 1 to 50% and preferably from 2 to 25% (expressed as dry matter) of fermented beet pulps.
• the optimal amounts of fermented pulp added depend on the type of paper or cardboard that is manufactured and their desired characteristics. It is nevertheless preferable to replace wood fibers or old paper with at least 10% (dry matter) of fermented pulps.
• the fermented beet pulps are obtained according to the process of the invention.
• the present invention reveals that the resistance of paper and cardboard, measured by different parameters, is considerably increased by the replacement of a certain amount of the wood pulp normally used by the fermented beet pulps of the invention.
• fermented beet pulps whose distribution of dimensions is suitable.
• the diameter of the fraction of fermented beet pulps used for the production of cardboard is less than 1000 micrometers and preferably between 150 and 250 micrometers.
• the present invention also makes it possible to reduce the draining time by the addition of flocculants.
• Such flocculants can be chosen from the flocculants usually used for the treatment of waste water.
• the flocculants used in the present invention are preferably cationic polymers with a high molecular weight (greater than 1 million).
• the present invention describes various kinds of paper and cardboard which contain the fermented beet pulps. These include white paper, recycled paper (brown) and corrugated cardboard.
• the present invention discloses that after fermentation under these conditions, it is easier to separate the parenchymal cells and obtain, by moderate mechanical wet shearing, a product suitable for papermaking. In this way it is possible to obtain a suspension of cut xylem and phloem and separate parenchymal cells which is suitable for direct incorporation into the final wet papermaking process.
• the invention describes a process for obtaining a composition of fermented beet pulps comprising the following steps:
• the diluted fermented pulps are subjected to moderate mechanical shearing.
• composition of fermented sugar beet pulps in the manufacture of paper or cardboard can be considered in particular as a substitution for short wood fibers.
• Silage is carried out according to known methods with pulps preferably containing 15 to 35% of dry matter. Silage is continued until the pH is at least below 5. The pulps are diluted to a dry matter content of 1 to 10% before moderate mechanical shearing.
• One way to treat fermented pulps is to lower the dry matter content of the pulps from 15-35% to 1-10% by adding water or white water from the paper manufacturing circuits. Subsequently, the suspension is subjected to mechanical treatment.
• the mechanical treatment can be carried out with different devices and the resulting product preferably has a distribution of its dimensions which makes it ideally suitable for use in the production of paper or cardboard.
• the treatment can be shearing or grinding.
• Known beet pulp treatments such as alternate compression and decompression and so-called "steam explosion" are not necessary.
• the mechanical treatment can be carried out directly during the mechanical pulping of the dough if a pulping or refining step is carried out.
• the use of the fermented beet pulps of the invention therefore does not require significant investment in most of the existing paper production installations.
• Beet pulps have an ivory white color and become greyish due to enzymatic phenomena or degradation by heat.
• the present invention reveals that such a blanching does not adversely modify the characteristics of the fermented beet pulps.
• the heterogeneous suspension can be bleached with H2O2 or NaCIO when a whiter product is desired; in this case, the bleaching agent can be added directly during the dilution of the fermented pulps preceding the mechanical treatment.
• the heterogeneous material obtained consisting of separate cells and short xylem and phloem fibers, was used in a pulp formulation; laboratory formulas were shaped and their properties evaluated in comparison with a control.
• the present invention describes a paper or cardboard composition
• a paper or cardboard composition comprising fermented beet pulps. Fermented beet pulps are used as an organic ingredient that improves the strength characteristics of the finished product.
• the amount of fermented beet pulp is 0 to 50% and preferably between 2 and 25% by weight of the dry matter of the ingredients of paper or cardboard.
• the optimum quantities of fermented beet pulp added depend on the type of paper or cardboard produced and their desired characteristics. It has been shown that replacing 15% of waste paper with fermented beet pulp is feasible.
• the fermented beet pulps are preferably prepared according to the process of the invention.
• the process of the invention does not employ chemical treatment of the fermented beet pulps.
• the process makes it possible to manufacture paper and cardboard without producing additional chemical waste.
• the properties of the final paper sheets differ in complex ways depending on the type of wood pulp tested. In general, there are improvements in opacity, length at break, tear strength and "Dennison". At the same time, the drip time and the Shopper Riegler indices are increased for all the samples while the Bendtsen porosity is greatly reduced, and finally the gloss is less while bleaching as described above leads to an improvement. .
• the present invention reveals that the resistance of paper and cardboard obtained by adding a certain amount of fermented beet pulp is considerably increased. It is preferable to master the reduction in the dimensions of the fermented beet pulps before using them in the preparation of the dough, so as to avoid the excessive increase in the draining time of such a dough. It has been shown that the preferred diameter of the fermented beet pulps is less than 1000 micrometers and more particularly from 150 to 250 micrometers for the preparation of corrugated cardboard.
• Example 1 teaches that before using the fermented beet pulps, it is necessary to check whether the fermentation has been carried out, that is to say if the fermented product has not been degraded.
• the pH and the amount of lactic acid formed are possible measures of the condition of beet pulp.
• a formulation of the ingredients of the acidic paper type was used to prepare sheets of paper. The composition of the paper was changed so that 10% of the fibers were replaced by fermented beet pulp.
• Example 1 the resistance of the paper expressed in terms of breaking length, internal cohesion and tear resistance is considerably increased.
• Example 2 shows that it is possible to easily adapt the composition of the paper pulp in the case where it is necessary to use fermented beet pulps in an existing paper manufacturing process. The various means of mechanical processing of the paper pulp do not have a critical influence on the characteristics of the paper obtained.
• Example 3 the use of fermented beet pulp was evaluated as an additive substitute in the manufacture of corrugated cardboard. If 10% dry matter of fermented beet pulp is used with 90% dry matter of a formulation without wood pulp, we obtain cardboard with the desired resistance characteristics.
• the fermented beet pulps have an adverse effect on the gloss of the finished product, it was assessed whether the bleaching of the product containing the fermented beet pulps was possible without adversely affecting the strength characteristics. As can be seen in example 4, the Tear strength and length at break remain high after laundering.
• Example 5 shows that when the fermented beet pulps are crushed and sieved and then mixed with old paper, the draining time is only slightly increased (sample 2) compared to the old paper which is subjected to pulping. traditional (control), if the diameter of the product is between 150 and 250 micrometers. It can also be seen that the strength properties are influenced by the size of the fermented beet pulps. The sieving of fermented beet pulps leads to resistance properties slightly lower than those of unscreened fermented beet pulps, but both are considerably higher than the values measured on the wood pulp.
• Example 6 shows that cationic flocculants with high molecular weight, usually used for the treatment of waste water are effective as drainage additives.
• the suspension of beet pulp flocculated by these chemicals leads to a paper composition having a considerably reduced draining time compared to that of a paper composition containing non-flocculated beet pulps.
• the expression "reduced draining time” corresponds to the draining time of a paper composition in which there is no beet pulp.
• flocculants are very effective despite the dimensions of the refined beet pulp.
• a further improvement in drainage time can be obtained by adding the flocculants to the sifted beet pulps so as to combine the effects of Examples 5 and 6, namely the sieving of the beet pulps and the use of a flocculant.
• the invention relates to the use of fermented sugar beet pulps for the preparation of paper or cardboard.
• the invention relates to a composition of fermented sugar beet pulps as obtained by the process comprising the following steps: a) sugar beet pulps are ensiled under suitable conditions to give rise to lactic fermentation, and in particular until the pH is less than approximately 5 and advantageously greater than approximately 3.5 in order to obtain fermented pulps, b) the fermented pulps are diluted, in particular until the material content dry is from about 1% to about 10%, c) the diluted fermented pulps are subjected to a mechanical treatment, in particular a shearing, making it possible to separate the parenchymal cells contained in the pulps and to obtain a dimension of the pulps less than approximately 1000 micrometers, d) optionally: - the fermented pulps obtained at the end of step a) to a simultaneous blanching in step b), or
• the invention relates to a composition of fermented sugar beet pulps defined above as obtained by a process comprising the steps defined above, in which the ensilage is carried out with pulps sugar beet with a dry matter content of about 15 to about 35%.
• the invention relates to a composition of fermented sugar beet pulps defined above, in which the size of the beet pulps is less than 250 micrometers, and in particular less than 150 micrometers.
• the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a composition of fermented sugar beet pulps comprising the following steps: a) silage of sugar beet pulps under suitable conditions to give rise to lactic fermentation, and in particular up to 'the pH is less than about 5 and advantageously more than about 3.5 to obtain fermented pulps, b) the fermented pulps are diluted, in particular until the dry matter content is approximately 1% at around 10%, c) the diluted fermented pulps are subjected to a mechanical treatment, in particular shearing, making it possible to separate the parenchymal cells contained in the pulps and to obtain a pulp dimension of less than approximately 1000 micrometers, d) optionally subject:
• step b) the fermented pulps obtained at the end of step a) to a simultaneous blanching in step b), or
• the invention relates to paper or cardboard comprising from approximately 1 to approximately 50% and preferably from approximately 2 to approximately 25%, expressed relative to the dry materials, of a pulp composition of sugar beet fermented according to the invention.
• the invention relates to paper or cardboard defined above, characterized in that the fermented sugar beet pulps have a size of less than 1000 micrometers, and preferably ranging from approximately 150 to approximately 250 micrometers.
• flocculants can be added to the suspension of fermented beet pulps used for papermaking.
• These flocculants are chosen from those available on the market, more particularly on the market for waste water treatment products. More specifically, the high molecular weight cationic polymers are effective in improving the drainage of the paper preparation.
• the invention relates to paper or cardboard defined above, characterized in that the fermented sugar beet pulps are blanched.
• the invention also relates to a process for preparing paper or cardboard according to the invention, characterized in that: a) sugar beet pulps are ensiled under conditions suitable for giving rise to lactic fermentation, and in particular up to that the pH is less than about 5 and advantageously more than about 3.5 to obtain fermented pulps, b) the fermented pulps are diluted, in particular until the dry matter content is approximately 1% to approximately 10%, c) the diluted fermented pulps are subjected to a mechanical treatment, in particular shearing, making it possible to separate the parenchymal cells contained in the pulps and to obtain a pulp dimension of less than approximately 1000 micrometers, d) optionally:
• step b) the fermented pulps obtained at the end of step a) to a simultaneous blanching in step b), or
• step c) the fermented pulps obtained at the end of step c) in a bleaching process, e) at a rate of about 1 to about 50%, and preferably about
• step c) or step e), preferably after step c).
• the addition of flocculant can be done at the end of step c) defined above, that is to say after the shearing of the fermented pulps or after step e), it is that is to say after incorporating the diluted fermented pulps sheared into the traditional materials of paper pulp or cardboard.
• the addition of the flocculant is done at the end of step c).
• the invention also relates to a process for preparing paper or cardboard according to the invention, characterized in that: a) sugar beet pulps are ensiled under conditions suitable for giving rise to lactic fermentation, and in particular up to that the pH is less than about 5 and advantageously more than about 3.5 to obtain fermented pulps, b) the fermented pulps are diluted, in particular until the dry matter content is approximately 1% to approximately 10%, c) there is incorporated in an amount of about 1 to about 50%, and preferably about 2 to about 25%, expressed relative to the dry materials, of the composition obtained at the end of step b ) to the traditional raw materials of paper pulp or cardboard, d) possibly:
• step b) the fermented pulps obtained at the end of step a) to a simultaneous blanching in step b), or
• a pulping or refining of the composition obtained at the end of step c) or d) is carried out in combination with a mechanical treatment , in particular shearing, allowing the separation of the parenchymal cells contained in the fermented beet pulps and obtaining a pulp size of less than about 1000 micrometers,
• the opacity is defined with respect to DIN 53146
• the gloss is defined with respect to DIN 53145 part II
• the length at break is defined with respect to DIN 53112 Part I
• internal cohesion is defined with respect to DIN 54516
• tear resistance is defined with respect to DIN 53115
• Bendtsen porosity is defined with respect to DIN 53120 Part I
• CMT is defined by compared to DIN 53143
• Dennison is defined in the TAPPI Journal 459om-88
• the draining time and the degree of refinement are defined in the Zellcheming Journal No. V / 7/61.
• Lactic acid / dry matter 8 65% Lactic acid / total acids 71, 00%
• the long fibers come from soft wood such as pine wood and have a dimension of approximately 3.5 to 4.8 mm and the short fibers come from hard wood such as birch wood and have a dimension of about 0.7 to about 1.7 mm.
• the sample was prepared by mixing short and long fibers and beet pulps in the proportions indicated. The degree of refinement was that indicated in Table 3. The characteristics of the papers obtained are determined by standard methods. The sample containing beet pulps from the reference stock, MB, showed a significant improvement in the resistance indices and a slight increase in the draining time while the porosity was significantly reduced.
• the fermented beet pulps were processed with an Escher Wiss refiner to check if the equipment normally used in a paper mill is effective enough to separate the parenchymal cells from the beet pulps without at the same time breaking the cells. The following tests have been carried out:
• the witness consists of a formulation without wood pulp prepared with unselected corrugated paper plumped up to 30 ° SR.
• Sample P showed the presence of rather large pieces while the other two samples, PR and MR, had pieces having dimensions comparable to those of the tests with the colloid mill.
• the samples were evaluated, after the shaping of the formulas, having used for each of them 10% dry matter of fermented beet pulp and 90% of the formulation (*) without wood pulp.
• the data were compared with 100% of a formulation without wood pulp (control) (*) and with a sample, MB1, containing 10% of material from the reference stock and 90% of the formulation (*) without pulp of wood.
• Table 5
• Indicator brown paper obtained by repulping unselected corrugated paper.
• the maximum amount of beet pulp possible in the manufacture of corrugated board seems to be 10% because of the high value of the resulting drip time. Further improvement of drip characteristics could increase the amount of beet pulp in the dough.
• the physical properties of the paper containing the fermented beet pulps were measured with test conditions.
• the paper / fermented beet pulp mixture was pulped and refined with processing times that were only suitable for improving the paper, but without optimizing the processing time for the beet pulps.
• no sieving step has been carried out, although this is necessary during the industrial production of paper. It is known that the dimensions of the paper fibers suitable for corrugated cardboard must be between 150 and 250 micrometers.
• VP waste paper obtained by repulping unselected fluted paper
• PBF fermented beet pulp
• sample 2 shows that when the fermented beet pulps are crushed and sieved and then mixed with the waste paper, the draining time is only slightly increased (sample 2) compared to the waste paper which is subjected to traditional mechanical pulping (control ).
• the draining time of sample 2 is in fact comparable to that of the control, while it is more than three times lower than that of sample 1.
• the resistance properties are slightly affected by the dimensions of the fermented beet pulps.
• sieved fermented beet pulps have resistance properties comparable to those of unscreened pulps and both are considerably higher than the values found for wood pulp.
• This example shows that the dimensions of the beet pulps strongly influence the draining time and the resistance properties. It has been shown that a product is obtained containing fermented beet pulps which has appreciable physical properties and only a slight increase in the draining time.
• Example 5 shows that the use of sieved fermented beet pulps ranging in size from 150 to 250 micrometers nevertheless leads to an increased draining time, although this increase is much less than when using pulp of unsifted fermented beets.
• flocculants Another way to reduce drip time is to use flocculants.
• High molecular weight cationic flocculants are capable of flocculating the beet pulp suspensions used for papermaking.
• Zetag 89® from Allied Colloids
• Bufloc 5327® and 5328® from Buckman
• Floerger 4698® from SNF Floerger
• products from the company Nalco The use of flocculated beet pulps for papermaking leads to correct draining times. However, the extent of this improvement depends on several factors such as the shear of the paper suspension during manufacture, the amount of flocculant and the manner of use of the flocculant.
• Figure 1 shows that the drip time is a function of the shear time when adding a flocculant. At low shear, the mixture of waste paper and flocculated beet pulp drips better than waste paper alone.
• PBF fermented beet pulp

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  • 1996-02-13 FR FR9601724A patent/FR2744735B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
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