EP0875636B1 - Prestressing cable and duct element therefor - Google Patents
Prestressing cable and duct element therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0875636B1 EP0875636B1 EP19980401060 EP98401060A EP0875636B1 EP 0875636 B1 EP0875636 B1 EP 0875636B1 EP 19980401060 EP19980401060 EP 19980401060 EP 98401060 A EP98401060 A EP 98401060A EP 0875636 B1 EP0875636 B1 EP 0875636B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheath
- tubular cavity
- vent channel
- wall
- strands
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
- E04C5/10—Ducts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of prestressing cables for construction works.
- Sheath is usually made of plastic such as high density polyethylene (HDPE).
- the protective material is typically a cement grout.
- the prestressing cables of the works of construction frequently have a curved path with high points and low points, the effort of prestress exerted by the cable being directed downwards in the vicinity of high points and vice versa.
- vents When injecting the sheaths of these cables with the cement grout, the air present in the sheath, water which separates from the cement grout by settling or filtration, and "poor" grout, that is to say the decantation or filtration has extracted the constituents the heaviest, are evacuated at the high points to using devices called vents.
- These vents are generally consist of a shell made of material plastic tightly attached to the sheath and a tube, forming a body or attached to this shell, which allows channel grout, water and air out of the material constituting the structure (most often concrete).
- the present invention rather relates to the external prestressing technique, in which the cable sheaths, in the straight sections of their layout, are placed outside the structure. They nevertheless cross the structure in massifs in order to take up the forces exerted by the cable and to forward to the structure. The high and low points of cable are then located in deflecting spacers.
- cable sheaths pass through these spacers passing through shuttering tubes of metal, bent and embedded in concrete.
- the cable can then be dismantled for replacement, by sectioning in and out of accessible areas spacers and anchors.
- An object of the present invention is to facilitate removal of unwanted components from the material filling the sheath at the high points of a external prestressing cable.
- the invention proposes for this purpose a method as defined in claim 1, as well as a prestressing device as defined in the claim 9. Preferred embodiments are set out in claims 2 to 8 and 10 to 14.
- the highest point of the cable will normally be included in said first region, although this region could be somewhat offset from this highest point, especially downstream relative to the grout injection direction.
- An advantage of the invention is that the first region, in which poor air, water and / or grout are extracted from the sheath during injection, may extend over a certain length of the sheath element, instead of being punctual as in the case of vents conventional. This ensures more efficient evacuation.
- the invention is applicable in the field of non-removable external prestressing (concrete of the work being poured around the sheath on part of the length of the element). It then facilitates the implementation place vents, especially when the constitution of the structure is such that it is difficult to predict the passage of a tube towards the top of the structure.
- the invention is applicable even more advantageous in the field of external prestressing removable.
- the vent is integral with the sheath element allows the cable to be dismantled after the hardening of the grout. It can be used as well in the case of new structures than in that of structural reinforcement preexisting.
- the prestressed structure 7 is a concrete bridge whose apron is supported on batteries 8, 9.
- a cable Prestressing device 10 the strands of which are anchored to their ends by means of conventional anchoring devices 11, is used to exert a prestressing force on deck 7.
- This cable 10 follows, between the devices anchor 11 supported by the end stacks 8, a winding path in broken line whose portions straight lines are accessible from the outside. In the example considered, this winding path has a point top center, where the cable 10 passes through a planned diverter in a central stack 9, and two high points end, where the cable 10 passes through deflectors respectively adjacent to the anchoring devices 11. Between the central stack 9 and each of the end stacks 8, the cable path 10 has a low point where it is guided in a deflecting spacer provided in a pile intermediate 9a.
- the sheath of the cable 10 consists of a tube made of plastic material, for example HDPE, which consists successive elements which, in a conventional manner, are welded end to end or connected using heating sleeves.
- Figures 2 to 4 show a sheath element 15 according to the invention used in an upper part of the journey winding cable, at the center stack 9. A similar arrangement is provided in the upper parts of the cable located at the end batteries 8. At this level, the use of a sheath element according to the invention provides good protection of the strands at neighborhood of anchors, which can be points sensitive.
- a bent steel formwork tube 16 was drowned in the concrete of pile 9. If the invention was implemented to reinforce a preexisting structure, the formwork tube 16, rather than being directly embedded in the concrete of pile 9, could be in a block concrete added to this pile 9 at the time of carrying out the reinforcement.
- the shuttering tube 16 has a diameter greater than that of the cable sheath 10. In the example considered, where the cable 10 has nineteen strands 17 of diameter 15.2 mm or 15.7 mm housed in a sheath outer diameter 110 mm, one can for example use a shuttering tube 16 with internal diameter 128 mm.
- the sheath element 15 has a circular section over its entire length. Inside this circular section are on the one hand a tubular cavity 20 occupying most of the section and intended to receive the strands 17, and on the other hand a vent channel 21.
- the section of the channel d 'vent 21 is substantially smaller than that of tubular cavity 20 (it is for example from 200 to 500 mm 2 ).
- vent channel 21 is located above of the tubular cavity 20, that is to say on the side outside of the curvature of the element 15.
- the vent channel 21 extends over a part only the length of the sheath element 15. One of its ends, it is provided with an opening 22 (figure 4) which makes it communicate with the outside of the sheath. A threaded end piece 23 is welded around this opening 22 to allow connection of a tube threaded vent 24.
- the sheath element 15 is engaged in the tube shuttering 16 by its end opposite to the end piece 23, this tip 23 remaining outside in the position sheath element 15, as shown in the Figure 2.
- the vent channel 21 extends beyond the highest point of the cable passage at through the pile 9 relative to the position of the nozzle 23.
- the wall 26 separating the vent channel 21 of the tubular cavity 20 of the element of sheath has orifices 25 which communicate the vent channel 21 with the tubular cavity 20.
- These orifices 25, the cross section of which is for example of the order of 12 mm, are distributed over the length L1 + L2 of this region. This total length L1 + L2 is preferably at least 50 cm.
- the length L1, L2 of this region on each side of the highest point is at least 50 cm.
- the orifices 25 are for example arranged in staggered along region L1 + L2, so that some of them (shown schematically by broken lines on the Figure 3) are close to the junction between the wall separator 26 and the cylindrical wall of the cavity tubular 20.
- a first phase the grout is injected by one end of the sheath, or by one of the points down its winding path.
- the vent tube 24 is open to let the air from inside the sheath. It could also be blocked, especially if a thixotropic grout is used. Decanting the grout and filtering it through internal interstices of strands 17 cause formation pockets of water and poor grout at the points top of the sheath.
- the first is carried out from the downstream orifice of stack 9 relative to the direction of injection performed in the first phase.
- the vent tube 24 rejects water, grout poor and possibly air that may have subsisted in the sheath element due to turbulence which may occur during the first injection downstream of the point on upper.
- water and poor grout can remain in the sheath are in turn evacuated by the channel 21 and the vent tube 24.
- the sheath element 15 has the advantage that the collection of the components to be evacuated is not punctual, but distributed over the length L1 + L2.
- the wall 26 separating the vent channel 21 of the tubular cavity 20 is connected gently, grazing, to the wall cylindrical of the tubular cavity 20 at both ends of the vent channel 21. This prevents the ends of the channel 21 form obstacles for threading the strands 17 inside the tubular cavity 20.
- the tubular cavity 20 of the element sheath has a circular section which includes the section of the vent channel 21.
- one possibility is to weld together two pieces of general tubular shapes obtained from two plastic tubes.
- One of these pieces 32 constitutes the major part of the sheath element 15. It corresponds to a tube with a longitudinal notch produced by cutting a first strip 27 which will constitute the upper wall of the vent channel 21.
- the opening 22 is pierced at one end of this strip 27, and the end piece 23 is welded, at 28, around this opening 22 on the outer face of the strip 27.
- the other plastic tube is cut to clear a second strip which will constitute the wall bottom 26 of the vent channel 21, separating it from the tubular cavity 20.
- the holes 25 are drilled in this second strip 26, the longitudinal edges of which are then welded in 30, on the inside of the first strip 27.
- the first strip 27 thus completed by the formation of the vent channel 21 is ultimately rewelded, at 31, onto the tube from which it comes.
- the welds 28, 30, 31 can be carried out by depositing a rod of HDPE melted using an air gun hot.
- the sheath element 35 shown in Figures 5 and 6 differs from that previously described by the constitution of its vent channel 41.
- This vent channel 41 is made from a tubular piece of HDPE 47, the section is generally circular.
- This piece 47 which has the orifices 25 distributed on the side inside of its curvature, is welded to another part 52 obtained as previously by making a notch longitudinal on a plastic tube.
- the room 47 forming the vent channel 21 is fixed, using two diametrically opposed weld seams 51 on the edges of the notch in room 52. So, as shown in the Figure 6, the section of the vent channel 41 exceeds some little of the circular section of the tubular cavity 20. As the cross section of the vent channel 41 is reduced, it is possible to make sure that this overshoot does not interfere the introduction of the sheath element 35 into the tube formwork 16.
- vent channel 41 separates tangentially from the wall of the cavity tubular 20, as shown in the right part of the figure 5.
- the sheath element 55 having the vent channel 61 is produced by extrusion, which minimizes the cost of come back.
- the vent channel 61 is formed over the entire length of element 55 inside the cavity cylindrical tubular 20 receiving the strands 17.
- this sheath element 55 is connected to another sheath element 54, devoid of vent channel.
- This other element 54 also extruded, simply presents the cylindrical tubular cavity of same diameter as element 55.
- the junction 56 between the sheath elements 54 and 55 is located approximately at the level of the most top of the cable path in section 9 of the structure comprising the shuttering tube 16 ( Figure 7), so that ensure the capture of the separate components of the grout at this highest point.
- the internal wall of the vent channel 61 is beveled at the end of element 55 to prevent its end 57 obstructs the introduction of strands 17.
- the other end of the vent channel 61 is closed, and bevelled also before making its junction with the adjacent sheath element.
- an orifice 62 is drilled in the wall of the element 55 as shown in FIGS. 7 and 9.
- This orifice 62 is for example tapped to allow mounting of a tube threaded vent not shown.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Cable Accessories (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne le domaine des câbles de précontrainte pour ouvrages de construction.The present invention relates to the field of prestressing cables for construction works.
Elle se rapporte plus particulièrement aux câbles constitués d'un ensemble de torons, dont la mise en tension exerce la précontrainte, logés dans une gaine tubulaire remplie d'un matériau de protection. La gaine est habituellement en matière plastique telle qu'un polyéthylène haute densité (PEHD). Le matériau protecteur est typiquement un coulis de ciment.It relates more particularly to cables made up of a set of strands, the setting of which tension exerts prestressing, housed in a sheath tubular filled with protective material. Sheath is usually made of plastic such as high density polyethylene (HDPE). The protective material is typically a cement grout.
Les câbles de précontrainte des ouvrages de construction ont fréquemment un trajet de forme sinueuse comportant des points hauts et des points bas, l'effort de précontrainte exercé par le câble étant dirigé vers le bas au voisinage des points hauts et vice-versa.The prestressing cables of the works of construction frequently have a curved path with high points and low points, the effort of prestress exerted by the cable being directed downwards in the vicinity of high points and vice versa.
Lors de l'injection des gaines de ces câbles avec le coulis de ciment, l'air présent dans la gaine, de l'eau qui se sépare du coulis de ciment par décantation ou filtration, et du coulis « pauvre », c'est-à-dire dont la décantation ou la filtration a extrait les constituants les plus lourds, sont évacués au niveau des points hauts à l'aide de dispositifs appelés évents. Ces évents sont constitués généralement d'une coquille en matière plastique fixée de façon étanche à la gaine et d'un tube, faisant corps ou fixé à cette coquille, qui permet de canaliser le coulis, l'eau et l'air hors du matériau constitutif de l'ouvrage (le plus souvent du béton).When injecting the sheaths of these cables with the cement grout, the air present in the sheath, water which separates from the cement grout by settling or filtration, and "poor" grout, that is to say the decantation or filtration has extracted the constituents the heaviest, are evacuated at the high points to using devices called vents. These vents are generally consist of a shell made of material plastic tightly attached to the sheath and a tube, forming a body or attached to this shell, which allows channel grout, water and air out of the material constituting the structure (most often concrete).
Lorsque les gaines des câbles sont entièrement noyées dans la structure, cette technique est appelée précontrainte intérieure au béton. Dans ce cas, il est facile de placer des évents aux points hauts lors du coulage du béton et de les équiper de tubes suffisamment longs pour assurer l'évacuation de l'air, de l'eau et du coulis pauvre. When the cable sheaths are fully embedded in the structure, this technique is called internal prestressing to concrete. In this case, it is easy to place vents at high points when pouring concrete and equipping them with enough tubes long to ensure the evacuation of air, water and poor grout.
Cette technique de précontrainte intérieure est notamment décrite dans FR-A-2 671 573. Dans ce document, la gaine du câble de précontrainte débouche avec une configuration géométrique verticale à la surface supérieure de l'ouvrage. Un évent débouchant à côté de la gaine et communiquant avec l'intérieur de celle-ci permet d'expulser l'eau dégagée par la prise du coulis de ciment, puis de compléter le remplissage de coulis par une injection supplémentaire dans l'évent. This interior prestressing technique is in particular described in FR-A-2 671 573. In this document, the sheath of the prestressing cable opens with a vertical geometric configuration at the surface upper part of the book. A vent opening next to the sheath and communicating with the interior thereof to expel the water released by the intake of the cement grout, then complete the grout filling with a additional injection into the vent.
La présente invention relève plutôt de la technique de la précontrainte extérieure, dans laquelle les gaines des câbles, dans les tronçons rectilignes de leur tracé, sont placées à l'extérieur de la structure. Elles traversent néanmoins l'ouvrage dans des massifs afin de reprendre les efforts exercés par le câble et de les transmettre à la structure. Les points hauts et bas du câble sont alors situés dans des entretoises déviatrices.The present invention rather relates to the external prestressing technique, in which the cable sheaths, in the straight sections of their layout, are placed outside the structure. They nevertheless cross the structure in massifs in order to take up the forces exerted by the cable and to forward to the structure. The high and low points of cable are then located in deflecting spacers.
Dans le cas particulier de la précontrainte extérieure démontable, les gaines des câbles traversent ces entretoises en passant dans des tubes coffrants métalliques, cintrés et noyés dans le béton. Le câble peut alors être démonté en vue de son remplacement, en le sectionnant dans des zones accessibles et en le dégageant des entretoises et des ancrages.In the particular case of prestressing removable outer, cable sheaths pass through these spacers passing through shuttering tubes of metal, bent and embedded in concrete. The cable can then be dismantled for replacement, by sectioning in and out of accessible areas spacers and anchors.
L'espace existant entre le tube coffrant et le tube PEHD étant petit (typiquement de 10 à 20 mm de différence de diamètre) et courbe, il est impossible de placer un évent conventionnel et d'assurer ainsi le remplissage correct de la gaine. Il est donc courant de retrouver des vides aux points hauts, du fait de l'impossibilité d'éliminer correctement l'air et l'eau de filtration. Afin de pallier le manque d'évent de point haut, on peut procéder à des réinjections de coulis par des orifices placés de part et d'autre du point haut. Mais une telle technique est complexe et délicate, et ne donne pas toujours entièrement satisfaction. La mise en place d'un évent depuis le haut de la structure, à travers le béton du hourdis supérieur et le tube coffrant, apparaítrait une opération complexe et délicate pour installer une précontrainte extérieure démontable sur un ouvrage neuf en cours de construction, et serait d'ailleurs impossible à réaliser dans le cas du renforcement d'un ouvrage préexistant.The space between the shuttering tube and the HDPE tube being small (typically 10 to 20 mm in difference in diameter) and curve, it is impossible to place a conventional vent and thus ensure the correct filling of the sheath. It is therefore common to find voids at high points, due to inability to properly remove air and water from filtration. To overcome the lack of point vent top, grout can be reinjected by orifices placed on either side of the high point. But such a technique is complex and delicate, and does not give not always completely satisfied. The establishment a vent from the top of the structure, through the concrete of the upper slab and the shuttering tube, would appear a complex and delicate operation for install a removable external prestress on a new work under construction, and would moreover impossible to achieve in the case of reinforcement of a pre-existing structure.
Un but de la présente invention est de faciliter l'évacuation des composants indésirables du matériau de remplissage de la gaine au niveau des points hauts d'un câble de précontrainte extérieure.An object of the present invention is to facilitate removal of unwanted components from the material filling the sheath at the high points of a external prestressing cable.
L'invention propose à cette fin un procédé
tel que défini dans la revendication 1, ainsi qu'un
dispositif de précontrainte tel que défini dans la
revendication 9. Des modes de réalisation préférés sont
énoncés dans les revendications 2 à 8 et 10 à 14.The invention proposes for this purpose a method
as defined in claim 1, as well as a
prestressing device as defined in the
L'air, l'eau et/ou le coulis pauvre peuvent ainsi être captés dans la première région, où la mise en place d'un évent conventionnel peut être délicate, et évacués dans la seconde région, qui est accessible de l'extérieur.Poor air, water and / or grout can thus be captured in the first region, where the establishment from a conventional vent can be tricky, and evacuated in the second region, which is accessible from the outside.
Le point le plus haut du câble sera normalement inclus dans ladite première région, encore que cette région pourrait être quelque peu décalée par rapport à ce point le plus haut, notamment vers l'aval relativement à la direction d'injection du coulis.The highest point of the cable will normally be included in said first region, although this region could be somewhat offset from this highest point, especially downstream relative to the grout injection direction.
Un avantage de l'invention est que la première région, dans laquelle l'air, l'eau et/ou le coulis pauvre sont extraits de la gaine lors de l'injection, peut s'étendre sur une certaine longueur de l'élément de gaine, au lieu d'être ponctuelle comme dans le cas des évents conventionnels. Ceci assure une évacuation plus efficace.An advantage of the invention is that the first region, in which poor air, water and / or grout are extracted from the sheath during injection, may extend over a certain length of the sheath element, instead of being punctual as in the case of vents conventional. This ensures more efficient evacuation.
L'invention est applicable dans le domaine de la précontrainte extérieure non démontable (le béton de l'ouvrage étant coulé autour de la gaine sur une partie de la longueur de l'élément). Elle facilite alors la mise en place des évents, notamment lorsque la constitution de l'ouvrage est telle qu'il est difficile de prévoir le passage d'un tube vers le haut de la structure.The invention is applicable in the field of non-removable external prestressing (concrete of the work being poured around the sheath on part of the length of the element). It then facilitates the implementation place vents, especially when the constitution of the structure is such that it is difficult to predict the passage of a tube towards the top of the structure.
L'invention est applicable de manière encore plus avantageuse dans le domaine de la précontrainte extérieure démontable. L'évent faisant corps avec l'élément de gaine permet la démontabilité du câble après le durcissement du coulis. Il peut être utilisé aussi bien dans le cas des ouvrages neufs que dans celui des renforcements d'ouvrages préexistants. The invention is applicable even more advantageous in the field of external prestressing removable. The vent is integral with the sheath element allows the cable to be dismantled after the hardening of the grout. It can be used as well in the case of new structures than in that of structural reinforcement preexisting.
D'autres particularités et avantages de la présente invention apparaítront dans la description ci-après d'exemples de réalisation non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- la figure 1 est un schéma de principe illustrant un exemple de précontrainte extérieure ;
- la figure 2 est un schéma en coupe longitudinale d'un élément de gaine selon l'invention installé dans une entretoise déviatrice ;
- les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues en coupe transversale de l'élément de gaine de la figure 2 suivant les plans III-III et IV-IV indiqués sur la figure 2 ;
- la figure 5 est un schéma analogue à celui de la figure 2 montrant un autre élément de gaine selon l'invention ;
- la figure 6 est une vue en coupe transversale de cet autre élément suivant le plan VI-VI indiqué sur la figure 5 ;
- la figure 7 est un schéma analogue à celui des figures 2 et 5 montrant une autre réalisation d'une gaine d'un câble de précontrainte selon l'invention ; et
- les figures 8 et 9 sont des vues en coupe transversale de la gaine de la figure 7 suivant les plans VIII-VIII et IX-IX indiqués sur la figure 7.
- Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of external prestressing;
- FIG. 2 is a diagram in longitudinal section of a sheath element according to the invention installed in a deflecting spacer;
- Figures 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views of the sheath element of Figure 2 along the planes III-III and IV-IV shown in Figure 2;
- Figure 5 is a diagram similar to that of Figure 2 showing another sheath element according to the invention;
- Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of this other element along the plane VI-VI indicated in Figure 5;
- Figure 7 is a diagram similar to that of Figures 2 and 5 showing another embodiment of a sheath of a prestressing cable according to the invention; and
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are cross-sectional views of the sheath of FIG. 7 along the planes VIII-VIII and IX-IX indicated in FIG. 7.
Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré par la
figure 1, l'ouvrage précontraint 7 est un pont en béton
dont le tablier prend appui sur des piles 8, 9. Un câble
de précontrainte 10, dont les torons sont ancrés à leurs
extrémités au moyen de dispositifs d'ancrage classiques
11, est utilisé pour exercer un effort de précontrainte
sur le pont 7. Ce câble 10 suit, entre les dispositifs
d'ancrage 11 supportés par les piles d'extrémité 8, un
trajet sinueux en ligne brisée dont les portions
rectilignes sont accessibles depuis l'extérieur. Dans
l'exemple considéré, ce trajet sinueux comporte un point
haut central, où le câble 10 traverse un déviateur prévu
dans une pile centrale 9, et deux points hauts
d'extrémité, où le câble 10 traverse des déviateurs
respectivement adjacents aux dispositifs d'ancrage 11.
Entre la pile centrale 9 et chacune des piles d'extrémité
8, le trajet du câble 10 présente un point bas où il est
guidé dans une entretoise déviatrice prévue dans une pile
intermédiaire 9a.In the embodiment illustrated by the
Figure 1, the
La gaine du câble 10 consiste en un tube en
matière plastique, par exemple en PEHD, qui se compose
d'éléments successifs qui, de façon classique, sont soudés
bout à bout ou raccordés à l'aide de manchons chauffants.The sheath of the
Les figures 2 à 4 montrent un élément de gaine 15
selon l'invention utilisé dans une partie haute du trajet
sinueux du câble, au niveau de la pile centrale 9. Un
agencement semblable est prévu dans les parties hautes du
câble situées au niveau des piles d'extrémité 8. A ce
niveau, l'utilisation d'un élément de gaine selon
l'invention assure une bonne protection des torons au
voisinage des ancrages, qui peuvent être des points
sensibles.Figures 2 to 4 show a
Dans le cas d'une application à la précontrainte
extérieure démontable, un tube coffrant cintré en acier 16
a été noyé dans le béton de la pile 9. Si l'invention
était mise en oeuvre pour renforcer un ouvrage préexistant,
le tube coffrant 16, plutôt que d'être noyé directement
dans le béton de la pile 9, pourrait l'être dans un bloc
en béton rapporté sur cette pile 9 au moment d'effectuer
le renforcement. Le tube coffrant 16 a un diamètre
supérieur à celui de la gaine du câble 10. Dans l'exemple
considéré, où le câble 10 comporte dix-neuf torons 17 de
diamètre 15,2 mm ou 15,7 mm logés dans une gaine de
diamètre extérieur 110 mm, on peut par exemple utiliser un
tube coffrant 16 de diamètre intérieur 128 mm.In the case of application to prestressing
removable exterior, a bent
Dans l'exemple de réalisation des figures 2 à 4,
l'élément de gaine 15 a une section circulaire sur toute
sa longueur. A l'intérieur de cette section circulaire se
trouvent d'une part une cavité tubulaire 20 occupant la
majeure partie de la section et destinée à recevoir les
torons 17, et d'autre part un canal d'évent 21. La section
du canal d'évent 21 est sensiblement plus petite que celle
de la cavité tubulaire 20 (elle est par exemple de 200 à
500 mm2).In the embodiment of Figures 2 to 4, the
Lorsque l'élément de gaine 15 est installé dans le
tube coffrant 16, le canal d'évent 21 est situé au-dessus
de la cavité tubulaire 20, c'est-à-dire sur le côté
extérieur de la courbure de l'élément 15.When the
Le canal d'évent 21 s'étend sur une partie
seulement de la longueur de l'élément de gaine 15. A l'une
de ses extrémités, il est pourvu d'une ouverture 22
(figure 4) qui le fait communiquer avec l'extérieur de la
gaine. Un embout taraudé 23 est soudé autour de cette
ouverture 22 pour permettre le raccordement d'un tube
évent fileté 24.The
L'élément de gaine 15 est engagé dans le tube
coffrant 16 par son extrémité opposée à l'embout 23, cet
embout 23 restant à l'extérieur dans la position
définitive de l'élément de gaine 15, comme le montre la
figure 2. Dans cette position, le canal d'évent 21 s'étend
au-delà du point le plus haut du passage du câble à
travers la pile 9 relativement à la position de l'embout
23. Dans une région s'étendant de part et d'autre du point
le plus haut sur une longueur L1, L2, la paroi 26 séparant
le canal d'évent 21 de la cavité tubulaire 20 de l'élément
de gaine comporte des orifices 25 qui font communiquer le
canal d'évent 21 avec la cavité tubulaire 20. Ces orifices
25, dont la section est par exemple de l'ordre de 12 mm,
sont distribués sur la longueur L1+L2 de cette région.
Cette longueur totale L1+L2 est de préférence d'au moins
50 cm. De préférence encore, la longueur L1, L2 de cette
région de chaque côté du point le plus haut est d'au moins
50 cm. Les orifices 25 sont par exemple disposés en
quinconce le long de région L1+L2, de façon que certains
d'entre eux (schématisés par des traits interrompus sur la
figure 3) soient proches de la jonction entre la paroi
séparatrice 26 et la paroi cylindrique de la cavité
tubulaire 20.The
Après avoir assemblé les éléments de gaine
successifs, y avoir enfilé les torons 17 et avoir mis en
tension et ancré ces torons 17, on procède à l'injection
du coulis de ciment dans la gaine pour remplir l'espace
laissé libre par les torons.After assembling the sheath elements
successive, having threaded the
Dans une première phase, le coulis est injecté par
l'une des extrémités de la gaine, ou par l'un des points
bas de son trajet sinueux. Dans cette phase, le tube évent
24 est ouvert pour laisser s'évacuer l'air se trouvant à
l'intérieur de la gaine. Il pourrait également être
obturé, notamment s'il est utilisé un coulis thixotrope.
La décantation du coulis et sa filtration au travers des
interstices internes des torons 17 provoquent la formation
de poches d'eau et de coulis pauvre au niveau des points
hauts de la gaine. Une fois qu'il s'est écoulé un temps de
l'ordre d'une demi-heure à deux heures après cette
première phase d'injection, on procède à deux réinjections
successives de coulis par deux orifices non représentés,
prévus dans la gaine de part et d'autre de la pile 9. Lors
de ces deux réinjections, le tube évent 24 est ouvert. La
première est effectuée depuis l'orifice situé vers l'aval
de la pile 9 relativement à la direction de l'injection
effectuée dans la première phase. Pendant cette première
réinjection, le tube évent 24 rejette de l'eau, du coulis
pauvre et éventuellement de l'air qui a pu subsister dans
l'élément de gaine en raison de turbulences pouvant
survenir lors de la première injection en aval du point le
plus haut. Lors de la seconde réinjection, effectuée
depuis le côté opposé, l'eau et le coulis pauvre pouvant
subsister dans la gaine sont à leur tour évacués par le
canal 21 et le tube évent 24. In a first phase, the grout is injected by
one end of the sheath, or by one of the points
down its winding path. In this phase, the
L'élément de gaine 15 a pour avantage que la
captation des composants à évacuer n'est pas ponctuelle,
mais répartie sur la longueur L1+L2.The
Comme le montre la figure 2, la paroi 26 séparant
le canal d'évent 21 de la cavité tubulaire 20 se raccorde
doucement, avec une incidence rasante, à la paroi
cylindrique de la cavité tubulaire 20 aux deux extrémités
du canal d'évent 21. Ceci évite que les extrémités du
canal 21 forment des obstacles à l'enfilage des torons 17
à l'intérieur de la cavité tubulaire 20.As shown in Figure 2, the
Dans le mode de réalisation illustré par les
figures 2 à 4, la cavité tubulaire 20 de l'élément de
gaine a une section circulaire qui inclut la section du
canal d'évent 21. Pour réaliser un tel élément de gaine,
une possibilité est de souder entre elles deux pièces de
formes générales tubulaires obtenues à partir de deux
tubes en matière plastique. L'une de ces pièces 32
constitue la majeure partie de l'élément de gaine 15. Elle
correspond à un tube présentant une entaille longitudinale
réalisée en découpant une première bande 27 qui
constituera la paroi supérieure du canal d'évent 21.
L'ouverture 22 est percée à une extrémité de cette bande
27, et l'embout 23 est soudé, en 28, autour de cette
ouverture 22 sur la face extérieure de la bande 27.
L'autre tube en matière plastique est découpé pour en
dégager une seconde bande qui constituera la paroi
inférieure 26 du canal d'évent 21, le séparant de la
cavité tubulaire 20. Les orifices 25 sont percés dans
cette seconde bande 26, dont les bords longitudinaux sont
ensuite soudés en 30, sur la face intérieure de la
première bande 27. La première bande 27 ainsi complétée
par la formation du canal d'évent 21 est finalement
ressoudée, en 31, sur le tube d'où elle provient.In the embodiment illustrated by
Figures 2 to 4, the
Comme il est usuel en chaudronnerie plastique, les
soudures 28, 30, 31 peuvent être effectuées en déposant
une baguette de PEHD fondu à l'aide d'un pistolet à air
chaud.As is usual in plastic boilermaking, the
L'élément de gaine 35 représenté sur les figures 5
et 6 diffère de celui précédemment décrit par la
constitution de son canal d'évent 41. Ce canal d'évent 41
est réalisé à partir d'une pièce tubulaire en PEHD 47 dont
la section est de forme générale circulaire. Cette pièce
47, qui présente les orifices 25 distribués sur le côté
intérieur de sa courbure, est soudée sur une autre pièce
52 obtenue comme précédemment en pratiquant une entaille
longitudinale sur un tube en matière plastique. La pièce
47 formant le canal d'évent 21 est fixée, à l'aide de deux
cordons de soudure diamétralement opposés 51 sur les bords
de l'entaille de la pièce 52. Ainsi, comme le montre la
figure 6, la section du canal d'évent 41 dépasse quelque
peu de la section circulaire de la cavité tubulaire 20.
Comme la section du canal d'évent 41 est réduite, on peut
faire en sorte que ce dépassement ne gêne pas
l'introduction de l'élément de gaine 35 dans le tube
coffrant 16.The
Du côté de son extrémité libre 44, pourvue de
moyens d'obturation non représentés, le canal d'évent 41
se sépare tangentiellement de la paroi de la cavité
tubulaire 20, comme le montre la partie droite de la
figure 5.On the side of its
Dans le mode de réalisation des figures 7 à 9,
l'élément de gaine 55 présentant le canal d'évent 61 est
réalisé par extrusion, ce qui en minimise le coût de
revient. Le canal d'évent 61 est formé sur toute la
longueur de l'élément 55 à l'intérieur de la cavité
tubulaire cylindrique 20 recevant les torons 17. A
l'intérieur du tube coffrant 16, cet élément de gaine 55
est relié à un autre élément de gaine 54, dépourvu de
canal d'évent. Cet autre élément 54, également extrudé,
présente simplement la cavité tubulaire cylindrique de
même diamètre que l'élément 55. In the embodiment of FIGS. 7 to 9,
the
La jonction 56 entre les éléments de gaine 54 et
55 est située approximativement au niveau du point le plus
haut du trajet du câble dans la portion 9 de l'ouvrage
comportant le tube coffrant 16 (figure 7), de manière à
assurer la captation des composants séparés du coulis à ce
point le plus haut. Avant de souder entre eux les deux
éléments, la paroi interne du canal d'évent 61 est
biseautée à l'extrémité de l'élément 55 pour éviter que
son extrémité 57 fasse obstacle à l'introduction des
torons 17. L'autre extrémité du canal d'évent 61 est
obturée, et biseautée également avant de réaliser sa
jonction avec l'élément de gaine adjacent.The junction 56 between the
Pour réaliser la communication du canal d'évent 61
avec l'extérieur de la gaine en dehors du tube coffrant
16, on perce un orifice 62 dans la paroi de l'élément 55
comme le montrent les figures 7 et 9. Cet orifice 62 est
par exemple taraudé pour permettre le montage d'un tube
évent fileté non représenté. On a une certaine liberté
quant à l'endroit où percer l'orifice 62 le long de
l'élément 55. Il est souhaitable de le percer aussi près
que possible de la sortie du tube 16, mais on peut
également choisir un endroit plus commode pour
l'opérateur.To carry out the communication of the
Claims (14)
- Method for installing an external prestressing cable (10) following a sinuous path over a construction work (7), the cable comprising strands (17) housed in a sheath composed of successive sheath elements, wherein the sheath is disposed so that at least one sheath element (15; 35; 55) traverses a portion (8, 9) of the structure in an upper part of said sinuous path and a material for filling and protecting the strands is injected into the sheath, characterized in that said sheath element comprises a tubular cavity (20) receiving the strands and a vent channel (21; 41; 61) parallel to the tubular cavity (20) and with a section that is substantially smaller than said tubular cavity, and in that said sheath element is arranged so that after the sheath element is put in place in said portion of the construction, the vent channel is positioned above the tubular cavity and communicates with this tubular cavity in a first region of the sheath element situated inside said portion of the construction and with the outside of the sheath in a second region of the sheath element situated outside said portion of the structure.
- Method according to claim 1, wherein said first region of the sheath element, where the vent channel (21; 41) communicates with said tubular cavity (20), extends over a length (L1+L2) of at least 50 cm.
- Method according to claim 2, wherein the length (L1, L2) of said first region is at least 50 cm either side of the highest point of said upper part of the sinuous path of the cable.
- Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the vent channel (21; 41) is separated from said tubular cavity by a wall (26) provided with apertures (25) distributed along said first region of the sheath element (15; 35)
- Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said sheath element is made by welding first and second parts made of plastic with generally tubular forms, the first part (26, 27; 47) corresponding to the wall of the vent channel (21; 41) and the second part (32; 52) corresponding to the wall of said tubular cavity (20) with a longitudinal notch at the edges of which the first part is welded.
- Method according to claim 5, wherein said first part (47) has a substantially circular section.
- Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tubular cavity (20) has a circular section that includes the section of the vent channel (21).
- Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the vent channel (21; 41) is separated from said tubular cavity (20) by a wall (26) which, at its two ends, is connected lightly to the wall of the tubular cavity so that it presents no obstacle to the threading of the strands (17).
- Prestressing device (10) installed along a sinuous path over a construction work (7) comprising a sheath formed of sheath elements assembled end-to-end and, inside the sheath, strands (17) stretched so as to prestress the structure and a material for filling the sheath and protecting the strands, the sheath traversing at least one portion (8, 9) of the structure in the upper part of the sinuous path, characterized in that an element (15; 35; 55) of the sheath traversing at least partly said portion (8; 9;) of the work, comprises a vent channel (21; 41; 61) parallel to the tubular cavity (20) receiving the strands and having a section substantially smaller than said tubular cavity, and in that the vent channel is positioned above the tubular cavity and communicates with the tubular cavity in a first region of said sheath element situated inside said portion of the structure and with the outside of the sheath in a second region of the said sheath element situated outside the said portion of the structure.
- Prestressing device according to claim 9, wherein the vent channel (21; 41; 61) is separated from the tubular cavity (20) by a wall (26) which, at its two ends, is connected lightly to the wall of the tubular cavity so as not to present an obstacle to the threading of the strands (17).
- Prestressing device according to claim 9, wherein said sheath element (15; 35) is made by welding first and second parts made of plastic with generally tubular forms, the first part (26; 27; 47) corresponding to the wall of the vent channel (21; 41) and the second part (32; 52) corresponding to the wall of said tubular cavity (20) with a longitudinal notch at the edges of which is welded the first part.
- Prestressing device according to claim 9, wherein the tubular cavity (20) has a circular section that includes the section of the vent channel (21).
- Prestressing device according to claim 9, wherein said sheath element (55) is made by extrusion, the vent channel (61) being formed inside the tubular cavity (20) with a generally cylindrical form over substantially all the length of said element, wherein said sheath element provided with the vent channel is connected to another sheath element (54) having a tubular cavity with a generally cylindrical form with the same diameter but without a vent channel, the junction (56) between these two sheath elements being situated in said portion (8; 9) of the work close to the highest point of the sinuous path of the cable in said portion.
- Prestressing device according to claim 9, wherein the communication between the vent channel (61) and the outside of the sheath in the second region of said sheath element (55) is made through a tapped aperture (62) in a wall of said sheath element.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9705470A FR2762864B1 (en) | 1997-05-02 | 1997-05-02 | SHEATHING ELEMENT FOR PRE-STRESS CABLE |
FR9705470 | 1997-05-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0875636A1 EP0875636A1 (en) | 1998-11-04 |
EP0875636B1 true EP0875636B1 (en) | 2002-10-09 |
Family
ID=9506556
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19980401060 Expired - Lifetime EP0875636B1 (en) | 1997-05-02 | 1998-04-30 | Prestressing cable and duct element therefor |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0875636B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69808543D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2184204T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2762864B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6209274B1 (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 2001-04-03 | Vsl International | Vent flow apparatus and method |
DE19906370A1 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2000-09-07 | Polyethylen Specialisten Sr Gm | Cladding tube system for prestressing steel in prestressed concrete and manufacturing process therefor |
WO2011116825A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | Vsl International Ag | Fluid ducting system |
CN109162206A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-08 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | A kind of constructing structure and its construction method of cast-in-situ box girder prestressed strand |
CN109610326A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-04-12 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | A kind of minor radius cast-in-situ box girder bellows localization method |
FR3111134B1 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2023-06-30 | Soletanche Freyssinet | GROUT FOR THE INJECTION OF PRESTRESSING CABLES AND METHOD FOR INSTALLING A CABLE COMPRISING SUCH A GROUT |
CN112049027A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-08 | 上海市机械施工集团有限公司 | Remediation method for prestressed duct |
FR3119406B1 (en) | 2021-02-02 | 2023-10-13 | Soletanche Freyssinet | SHEATH FOR PRE-STRESSING CABLE AND ASSOCIATED PRE-STRESSING CABLE |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2286257A1 (en) * | 1974-09-25 | 1976-04-23 | France Etat | Injecting concrete in reinforcement casing - by extracting air from casing before injecting concrete |
DE2849690C2 (en) * | 1978-11-16 | 1980-08-14 | Bilfinger + Berger Bauaktiengesellschaft, 6800 Mannheim | Process for filling cavities that are only accessible from one side in clamping channel sections |
FR2603928A1 (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1988-03-18 | Sotamec | Method for injecting cement grout into cable ducts for post-tensioned prestressed concrete |
FR2671573B1 (en) * | 1991-01-14 | 1993-04-23 | Freyssinet Int & Co | IMPROVEMENTS TO METHODS AND DEVICES FOR REMOVING EXUDATION WATER FROM VERTICAL PRE-STRESS DUCTS. |
DE4106309A1 (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-09-10 | Udo Hofmann | Replacing or inspecting bonded, prestressed concrete reinforcement - by softening or dissolving bonding resin using heat, solvent or microorganisms so reinforcing bar can be removed |
-
1997
- 1997-05-02 FR FR9705470A patent/FR2762864B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-04-30 DE DE69808543T patent/DE69808543D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-30 EP EP19980401060 patent/EP0875636B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-04-30 ES ES98401060T patent/ES2184204T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2762864B1 (en) | 1999-07-23 |
FR2762864A1 (en) | 1998-11-06 |
ES2184204T3 (en) | 2003-04-01 |
EP0875636A1 (en) | 1998-11-04 |
DE69808543D1 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
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