EP0864700B1 - Duschanlage - Google Patents

Duschanlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0864700B1
EP0864700B1 EP98660019A EP98660019A EP0864700B1 EP 0864700 B1 EP0864700 B1 EP 0864700B1 EP 98660019 A EP98660019 A EP 98660019A EP 98660019 A EP98660019 A EP 98660019A EP 0864700 B1 EP0864700 B1 EP 0864700B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shower
sensor
field
valve
control block
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98660019A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0864700A3 (de
EP0864700A2 (de
Inventor
Janne Rautavuori
Tapani Vatka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oras Oy
Original Assignee
Oras Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oras Oy filed Critical Oras Oy
Priority to DK98660019T priority Critical patent/DK0864700T3/da
Publication of EP0864700A2 publication Critical patent/EP0864700A2/de
Publication of EP0864700A3 publication Critical patent/EP0864700A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0864700B1 publication Critical patent/EP0864700B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/02—Plumbing installations for fresh water
    • E03C1/05—Arrangements of devices on wash-basins, baths, sinks, or the like for remote control of taps
    • E03C1/055—Electrical control devices, e.g. with push buttons, control panels or the like
    • E03C1/057—Electrical control devices, e.g. with push buttons, control panels or the like touchless, i.e. using sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • B05B1/18—Roses; Shower heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/08—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
    • B05B12/12—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature position or movement of the target relative to the spray apparatus
    • B05B12/122—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature position or movement of the target relative to the spray apparatus responsive to presence or shape of target

Definitions

  • the object of the invention is a shower arrangement installed in washing facilities, comprising a shower that is installed on the wall, a valve that controls the water inlet, and a sensor that perceives a person coming under the shower, the sensor adjusting the said valve through a control block.
  • the solution according to the invention can be utilised in shower structures installed in the washing facilities of both private households and public premises.
  • the user of the shower turns on the cold and hot water taps; the water coming from them is mixed in a water mixer and runs from the shower onto the person washing him/herself.
  • the cold and hot water taps are combined, whereby the temperature adjustment is effected by using one control lever and the intensity of the water inlet by another lever.
  • both the temperature control and the water inlet intensity control are combined in one control lever so that one control direction of the lever adjusts the temperature and another control direction adjusts the intensity of the water inlet.
  • One solution that is easier to use than the traditional solutions is a shower that works by a mechanical push-button, so that the person using the shower can start the shower by pushing the button once, and water will run from the shower for a predetermined period of time.
  • the mechanical push-button can be installed to be used either by hand or foot.
  • the mechanical push-button thus supplies water for a predetermined period of time, and the user cannot stop the water when he or she wants to. In addition, the water discharge does not stop automatically when the person leaves the shower. This results in unnecessary consumption of water. At present, there are new shower solutions that save water and are often based on photocell technology.
  • the shower solution according to Fig. 1 comprises shower 2 installed on wall 1, photocell sensor 3, valve 6, and control block 5 that controls valve 6.
  • infrared ray 4 of photocell sensor 3 perceives the person coming under shower 2, and passes a signal about this to control block 5.
  • Control block 5 opens valve 6 that controls the water inlet, and the water runs into shower 2 and, further, onto the person taking a shower.
  • infrared ray 4 perceives this, and passes a signal to control block 5, which closes valve 6 that controls the water inlet, and the water inlet of shower 2 is stopped.
  • valve 6 of the shower is open only when there is a person under shower 2. If shower 2 is not used often, there is frequently cold water in the pipe system; therefore, a weakness in this solution is that the first discharge of water comes directly onto user 2. Furthermore, when the user wants to stop the water inlet while he or she is applying soap, they must step out of shower 2 in order to stop the water inlet.
  • Document EP-A-0501263 discloses a device for the remote control of a shower comprising a first sensor having a first detection region and a second sensor having a second detection region. If a user enters into the first detection region, a detection circuit, which is connected downstream of the sensor ensures, that the magnetic valve, which controls the water flow through the showerhead is opened. If the user who is standing under the shower moves his hand into the second detection region, a detection circuit, which is arranged downstream of said sensor likewise generates an output signal. The output signals of the two detection circuits are then used for switching state of the electrically operated valve.
  • Document EP-A-0722019 discloses an automatic shower control system comprising a proximity detection and evaluation means for detecting the presence of a user, where proximity detector emits a signal with intensity varying from a first intensity upon detecting an object in the close range to a second intensity once an object is detected in the normal range and the system is switched on by the presence of an object in the close proximity range.
  • Document GB 2 280 025 discloses a range sensor suitable for a sanitary device, where a signal circuit of the range sensor is provided with an operational amplifier for converting the current output from one of the end terminals of a position sensitive photodetector (PSD) into a voltage, and an operational amplifier for converting the current output from a common terminal into a voltage.
  • PSD position sensitive photodetector
  • document GB 2 280 025 teaches, how to reduce errors produced by operational amplifiers themselves by reducing the number of the amplifiers, and to provide a sanitary device, which can detect a human body or the like and accurately control the electromagnetic valve or the like by lowering the light projection level of the light emitting element, when the voltage value output from the current/voltage converter exceeds a predetermined value due to the disturbing light, which enters the position sensitive photodetector so as to vary the voltage value in proportion to the received reflected light without exceeding the ground voltage.
  • shower solutions implemented by several separated detection sensors are complex, whereupon also detection circuits and control of the shower device become complex.
  • the complexity often leads to malfunctions, complex solutions are difficult to maintain and also the costs of complex solutions may easily rise up.
  • the accuracy and clarity of the distance of an object from the shower is not accurate, because the detection region is very rough.
  • there may occur also malfunctions with several separated detection sensor blocks because a first (separated) sensor block having a first detection region might be easily aimed to different place than a second (separated) sensor block having a second detection region, whereupon a user may, in the worst case, enter first into the second detection region instead of the first detection range.
  • the PSD-sensor of GB 2 280 025 consists of a light emitting element and a light receiving element, such as a strip of silicon photodiode, where the distance is determined by converting voltage/current values produced by the strip of silicon photodiode.
  • a predetermined value due to the disturbing light, which enters the position sensitive photodetector so as to vary the voltage value in proportion to the received reflected light without exceeding the ground voltage.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a shower solution to be installed in washing facilities, which solves the above-mentioned problems and corrects the defects.
  • the arrangement according to the invention comprises a position sensitive sensor, for example a PSD sensor, which recognises distances and for which at least two different distance fields have been defined; that is, a proximal field immediately in the vicinity of the sensor, and a remote field in the normal area of the user of the shower.
  • the position-sensitive sensor according to the invention comprises a light-emitting diode that functions as transmitter S, and a light-sensitive line of diodes that functions as receiver R, which are advantageously placed in the same small space.
  • the control block is adapted to control the valve, on the one hand, on the basis of the user arriving in and leaving the remote field and, on the other hand, in the proximal field, for example by the movement of the user's hand, so that the user can switch the shower on or off temporarily, during showering, without leaving the actual area of the shower.
  • a shower arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that, which is stated in the characterizing part of the main independent claim.
  • control block intelligently controls the valve that adjusts the water inlet throughout the entire showering process.
  • Fig. 2 shows a shower solution implemented by a technology that is based on a position-sensitive sensor, according to the invention. It comprises shower 2 installed on wall 1, sensor 7, valve 6, and control block 10 that controls valve 6.
  • proximal field 8 is preferably at a distance of about 0 to 10 cm (d) from sensor 7 and, correspondingly, remote field 9 is preferably at a distance of about 10 to 80 cm (D) from PSD sensor 7.
  • proximal field 8 of sensor 7 is interpreted as the ON/OFF switch of valve 6 that controls the water inlet of shower 2 in control block 10 and, correspondingly, remote field 9 of sensor 7 is interpreted, by control block 10, as a conventional presence detector of a person taking a shower.
  • Sensor 7 detects the control commands that the person gives to proximal field 8 by hand, and transmits these messages to control block 10.
  • the detections of an object such as a hand in the proximal field are interpreted by the control block as ON/OFF commands, i.e. commands to cut the water flow when the valve is open, or to open the water flow when the valve is closed, whichever the case may be.
  • Control block 10 intelligently controls valve 6 that adjusts the water inlet throughout the whole showering process, as is described below.
  • Solenoid valve 6 for example, can be used as the valve 6 that controls the water inlet.
  • control block 10 controls the water discharge on the basis of the output signals of sensor 7.
  • sensor 7 detects an object within the range of the said proximal field 8
  • control block 10 changes the position of valve 6, whereby the user can alternately either start or stop the water inlet, for example, by swinging his or her hand in close proximity to sensor 7.
  • control block 10 controls valve 6 also on the basis of objects the sensor 7 detects in remote field 9.
  • control member 10 opens valve 6 upon detecting an object in proximal field 8 only, if sensor 7 also detects an object in remote field 9. If sensor 7 detects that the object in remote field 9 leaves remote field 9, control block 10 closes valve 6, if valve 6 is in its open position.
  • control member 10 opens valve 6 upon detecting an object in proximal field 8, although there is no object in remote field 9. In this type of situation, control member 10 closes valve 6 after a certain, predetermined time, if no object enters remote field 9.
  • a PSD sensor is be used as the position-sensitive sensor, for example.
  • the sensor in question is a commercially available PSD sensor (for example, Hamamatsu, type No. S5674).
  • a light-emitting diode that functions as transmitter S, and a light-sensitive line of diodes that functions as receiver R are placed in the same small space.
  • a ray of light leaving through lens L 1 hits object T, and the point of impact is detected by receiver R through lens L2, more specifically so that the diode or diodes of receiver R in question are defined by the distance of the object.
  • the output signals of both the transmitting diode and the line of receiving diodes are taken to processor P via an amplifier.
  • the output signal of the processor is taken to control block 10 or, alternatively, the processor itself operates as the control block.
  • Fig. 5 shows the functional flow diagram of the showering process implemented by one preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the showering process is started 11 by opening 12 the tap of shower 2 by extending a hand in proximal field 8 of sensor 7.
  • the user of the shower can move 13 under the shower to remote field 9. If the user does not move to remote field 9 within a certain, predetermined time, control block 10 closes the water inlet.
  • Sensor 7 detects the user in remote field 9 and keeps the shower open during the time he gets wet and rinses 14.
  • the user wants to stop the water inlet of shower 2 to apply soap 16 he closes 15 the tap of shower 2, for example, by extending a hand in proximal field 8 of sensor 7.
  • the user can apply soap 16 without having to leave the range of remote field 9 of sensor 7.
  • the user reopens 17 the tap of shower 2, for example, by extending a hand in proximal field 8 of sensor 7.
  • Sensor 7 detects the user in remote field 9 and keeps the shower open during rinsing 18.
  • remote field 9 of sensor 7 detects this, whereupon the tap of shower 2 automatically closes 20 after a short while and the showering process ends 21.
  • Fig. 6 shows the functional time diagram of the showering process.
  • the function of remote field 9 of the position-sensitive sensor 7 is illustrated by graph 22.
  • the upper level of graph 22 shows the position of the person having a shower in the range of remote field 9 of sensor 7 and, correspondingly, the lower level illustrates the position of the person outside the range of remote field 9 of sensor 7.
  • graph 23 of the diagram illustrates the operation of proximal field 8 of sensor 7.
  • the upper level of graph 23 illustrates the position (of the hand) of the person taking a shower within the scope of proximal field 8 of sensor 7 and, correspondingly, the lower level illustrates the position of the user outside the scope of proximal field 8 of sensor 7.
  • Graph 24 of the diagram illustrates the operation of the tap of shower 2.
  • the upper level of graph 24 illustrates the open state of the tap of shower 2, and the lower level illustrates the closed state of the tap of shower 2.
  • time t is illustrated by graph 22, within which time the user has to step under the shower, i.e., to remote field 9 in order for conrol block 10 not to stop the water inlet.
  • processor P or a separate control block 10 is adjusted so that successive proximal field observations of the sensor alternately open and close the water inlet.
  • the shower arrangement is provided with a switch, a jumper wire, a certain control value in the memory of the control block, or some other control means that can be used to set the control block 10 to control the shower arrangement in a similar way as an ordinary ON/OFF shower arrangement provided with a photocell pick-off or other applicable sensor arrangement.
  • a selection can be made, for example, when installing the shower system or at the beginning of the washing process, as to whether the shower functions according to the inventive mode described above or according to the known technology, so that upon the sensor detecting an object in its range of perception, the control block starts the water inlet, and upon the object leaving the sensor's range of perception, the control block stops the water inlet.
  • the shower solution according to the invention saves water by decreasing waste discharge. It is extremely convenient to use and the shower solution can be used in shower structures installed in the washing facilities of both private households and public premises.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Domestic Plumbing Installations (AREA)
  • Bathtubs, Showers, And Their Attachments (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Duscheinrichtung für die Installation in Waschräumen, aufweisend eine Dusche (2), ein Ventil (6) zum Steuern des Wassereinlasses der Dusche, einen Sensor zum Detektieren einer in die Dusche in ein proximales Feld (8) sowie in ein Fernfeld (9) kommenden Person, wobei der Sensor ein positionssensitiver Sensor (7) mit einer lichtemittierenden Diode als ein Transmitter (S) und einem Steuerblock (10) zum Einstellen des Ventils (6) in Antwort auf den Sensor ist, wobei der Steuerblock dazu bestimmt ist, das Ventil in Antwort auf die Detektion eines Objekts in dem proximalen Feld und die Detektion eines Objekts in dem Fernfeld einzustellen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sensor (7) ferner eine lichtsensitive Reihenanordnung von Dioden als ein Empfänger (R) aufweist, und dass der Sensor dazu bestimmt ist, Objekte (T) in dem proximalen Feld (8) und in dem Femfeld (9) mit Hilfe des Lichtstrahls der lichtemittierenden Diode (S) zu detektieren, das von dem Objekt (T) zurückreflektiert wird und durch eine Diode der lichtsensitiven Diodenreihe detektiert wird, wobei die Diode der fraglichen lichtsensitiven Diodenreihe durch den Abstand des Objektes T definiert ist.
  2. Duscheinrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich das proximale Feld (8) in einem Abstand von annäherungsweise 0 bis 10 cm von dem positionssensitiven Sensor (7) befindet.
  3. Duscheinrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich das Fernfeld (9) in einem Abstand von näherungsweise 10 bis 80 cm von dem positionssensitiven Sensor (7) befindet.
  4. Duscheinrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Steuerblock dazu bestimmt ist, die Detektionen eines Objekts in dem proximalen Feld als EIN/AUS-Befehle zum Steuern des Ventils (6) für den Wassereinlass der Dusche (6) zu interpretieren.
  5. Duscheinrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Steuerblock dazu bestimmt ist, das Ventil (6) als Antwort auf die Detektion eines Objekts in nur dem proximalen Feld zu öffnen, wenn ein Objekt in dem Femfeld detektiert wird.
  6. Duscheinrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Steuerblock dazu bestimmt ist, das Ventil (6) als Antwort auf eine Detektion eines Objekts in dem proximalen Feld zu öffnen, und das Ventil nach einer speziellen vorbestimmten Zeit zu schließen, wenn keine Objekte in dem Femfeld innerhalb der vorbestimmten Zeit detektiert werden.
  7. Duscheinrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ventil (6) ein Solenoid-Ventil (6) ist.
  8. Duscheinrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Steuerblock dazu bestimmt ist, das Ventil (6) offen zu halten, wenn ein Objekt in dem proximalen Feld oder in dem Femfeld detektiert wird, und es geschlossen zu halten, wenn keine Objekte detektiert werden.
EP98660019A 1997-03-14 1998-03-13 Duschanlage Expired - Lifetime EP0864700B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK98660019T DK0864700T3 (da) 1997-03-14 1998-03-13 Bruserarrangement

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI971072A FI102034B (fi) 1997-03-14 1997-03-14 Suihkujärjestely
FI971072 1997-03-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0864700A2 EP0864700A2 (de) 1998-09-16
EP0864700A3 EP0864700A3 (de) 1999-05-19
EP0864700B1 true EP0864700B1 (de) 2004-11-17

Family

ID=8548393

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98660019A Expired - Lifetime EP0864700B1 (de) 1997-03-14 1998-03-13 Duschanlage

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0864700B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE282741T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69827541T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0864700T3 (de)
FI (1) FI102034B (de)
NO (1) NO326138B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009051789A1 (de) 2009-11-03 2011-05-05 Prehkeytec Gmbh Bedieneinheit für Duschen und dergleichen insbesondere im Nassbereich
DE102009058168A1 (de) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-16 Evonik Röhm Gmbh Steuereinrichtung

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10219944C1 (de) * 2002-05-03 2003-12-11 Hansa Metallwerke Ag Einrichtung zur berührungslosen Steuerung einer Dusche
DE102004052793B4 (de) * 2004-11-02 2011-01-13 Schöllhorn, Ronald Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines Wasserverbrauchs
GB0500224D0 (en) * 2005-01-07 2005-02-16 Kohler Mira Ltd Improvements in or relating to ablutionary installations
GB2460034B (en) * 2008-05-12 2012-03-28 Pegler Ltd Sensor controlled water outlets
DE102009058167A1 (de) 2009-12-15 2011-06-16 Evonik Röhm Gmbh Einrichtung zur berührungslosen Steuerung mindestens einer Vorrichtung
TWI553251B (zh) * 2014-08-29 2016-10-11 Chung Tien Ho Two - stage Induction Water Supply Device and Method
CN106594371A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2017-04-26 厦门普美霖卫浴科技有限公司 一种机械式远程控制淋浴装置
DE102017129185A1 (de) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-21 Wimtec Sanitärprodukte Gmbh Verfahren zum energieeffizienten Betrieb einer Schaltungsanordnung mit einem Annäherungssensor sowie Annäherungssensoren und Schaltungsanordnungen zum Durchführen dieses Verfahrens
DE102017005368A1 (de) 2017-06-03 2019-02-28 Richard Malaea Duschkopf mit Bewegungssensor

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2280025A (en) * 1993-06-29 1995-01-18 Inax Corp Range sensor suitable for a sanitary device

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4106539C2 (de) * 1991-03-01 1994-12-15 Hansa Metallwerke Ag Einrichtung zur berührungslosen Steuerung einer Dusche
DE19501014A1 (de) * 1995-01-14 1996-07-18 Grohe Armaturen Friedrich Automatische Duschensteuerung

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2280025A (en) * 1993-06-29 1995-01-18 Inax Corp Range sensor suitable for a sanitary device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009051789A1 (de) 2009-11-03 2011-05-05 Prehkeytec Gmbh Bedieneinheit für Duschen und dergleichen insbesondere im Nassbereich
DE102009058168A1 (de) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-16 Evonik Röhm Gmbh Steuereinrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0864700A3 (de) 1999-05-19
FI102034B1 (fi) 1998-10-15
NO326138B1 (no) 2008-10-06
EP0864700A2 (de) 1998-09-16
DK0864700T3 (da) 2005-03-07
ATE282741T1 (de) 2004-12-15
NO981095D0 (no) 1998-03-12
FI102034B (fi) 1998-10-15
DE69827541T2 (de) 2005-12-29
FI971072A0 (fi) 1997-03-14
DE69827541D1 (de) 2004-12-23
NO981095L (no) 1998-09-15

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