EP0862497A1 - Mikrotestplatten - Google Patents

Mikrotestplatten

Info

Publication number
EP0862497A1
EP0862497A1 EP96936933A EP96936933A EP0862497A1 EP 0862497 A1 EP0862497 A1 EP 0862497A1 EP 96936933 A EP96936933 A EP 96936933A EP 96936933 A EP96936933 A EP 96936933A EP 0862497 A1 EP0862497 A1 EP 0862497A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
wells
multiwell plate
liquid
well
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96936933A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0862497A4 (de
Inventor
William Arthur Bains
Peter John Houzego
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SmithKline Beecham Corp
Original Assignee
SmithKline Beecham Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SmithKline Beecham Corp filed Critical SmithKline Beecham Corp
Publication of EP0862497A1 publication Critical patent/EP0862497A1/de
Publication of EP0862497A4 publication Critical patent/EP0862497A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
    • B01L3/0241—Drop counters; Drop formers
    • B01L3/0268—Drop counters; Drop formers using pulse dispensing or spraying, eg. inkjet type, piezo actuated ejection of droplets from capillaries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0046—Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5025—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures for parallel transport of multiple samples
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00279—Features relating to reactor vessels
    • B01J2219/00306—Reactor vessels in a multiple arrangement
    • B01J2219/00313—Reactor vessels in a multiple arrangement the reactor vessels being formed by arrays of wells in blocks
    • B01J2219/00315—Microtiter plates
    • B01J2219/00317—Microwell devices, i.e. having large numbers of wells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00351—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00351—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
    • B01J2219/00378—Piezoelectric or ink jet dispensers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
    • C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
    • C40B60/00—Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries
    • C40B60/14—Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries for creating libraries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N2035/00178—Special arrangements of analysers
    • G01N2035/00237—Handling microquantities of analyte, e.g. microvalves, capillary networks

Definitions

  • This invention relates to microwell plates.
  • HTS High Throughput Screening
  • CC Combinatorial Chemistry
  • This patent application describes a system specifically designed for the parallel synthesis or assay of tens of thousands of compounds.
  • the heart of the concept is a special well structure, called a JetWell in which the wells are arranged as a matrix within the flat plate as is conventional for microwell plates.
  • the novel feature of this concept is that the wells are fabricated with large open areas at one end to accept liquid and integral nozzles at the other end from which liquid can be jet dispensed.
  • These arrays might be made compatible with conventional 96 or 384 microwell plates but advantageously could be higher density (eg 60 x 40 or 120 x 80).
  • the walls of the lower end of the cell may be coated with a binding surface on which the compounds to be synthesised can be attached.
  • JetWell The design of the JetWell enables it to receive and deliver accurate micro volumes of fluid.
  • Dispensing of fluids required for the synthesis into each JetWell would preferably be made without contact of the dispenser to the liquid in the well by using a multinozzle ink-jet head firing into the large end of the wells.
  • a multinozzle approach is necessary to ensure the dispense time for the complete array is short compared to the typical reaction time for each stage of the processing.
  • Liquid removal from the cells is achieved through the integral nozzle in the bottom of the well. During normal operation liquid is prevented from flowing out the cell through the nozzle by surface tension or even a physical plug. Liquid is ejected from the nozzle by applying pressure to the liquid in the wells causing it to jet cleanly out of the hole away from the lower surface.
  • the volume to be removed from the well can be controlled by the pressure applied and time for which it is applied. To achieve clean jetting of the fluid pressure typically in the range 0.1 to 10.0 bar gauge is used and the pressure is applied and removed rapidly to prevent any dribbling of liquid out of the nozzle. If a matching JetWell array is positioned beneath the first array transfer of an accurate volume of liquid from one array to the other occurs in a few milliseconds.
  • the approach provides an accurate system for the parallel dispensing into and from very small JetWell arrays. This enables the volume of the wells to be reduced and the number per plate increased thus greatly increasing the throughput of HTS or CC systems.
  • JetWell Array Structure The specific feature of a JetWell which is different from other forms of microwell plate is that each well has one or more nozzles in the base through which liquid in the well will jet when pressure is applied to the top surface.
  • the diameter of the nozzle controls the rate of liquid flow and is chosen to optimise for speed and accuracy. For example, if the pressure duration is controlled to 1 millisecond accuracy and the volumetric control requirement is 1 nanolitre the flow rate through the hole must be less than 1 microlitre/second. Assuming a jet velocity of 5 metres/second the nozzle would be around 50 microns in diameter which is comparable with that used in conventional ink jet printers.
  • each well depends upon the user requirements.
  • a system might be designed to be compatible with conventional 384 well plates which have a well volume around 20 microlitres arranged on a 4.5mm pitch.
  • well volumes around 20 microlitres arranged on a 4.5mm pitch.
  • a plate of similar size to a conventional microwell plate (either 96 or 384) with wells at 1mm pitch would contain a 96 x 64 array. Taking this size as an example the diameter at the top might be 0.8mm and the hole at the base 30 microns in diameter.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of the basic structure of the JetWell concept and Figure IA is a detailed view, to an enlarged scale of part of that structure.
  • This application, as well as describing the concept and example JetWell designs also addresses suitable manufacturing techniques for the plate and for the associated system components.
  • each line of wells by bonding two strips together with etched structures in them to form the wells.
  • the complete array could be formed etched into the surface of a plate which is then cut into strips and laminated together to form the finished structure.
  • Such a structure could be manufactured for example in glass using a low temperature glass enamel bonding.
  • a single crystal silicon wafer substrate is appropriate with the wells formed by crystallographic etching which can be used to form the nozzle hole with a precision of a few microns.
  • the JetWell concept has many wells in an array on a plate each with a nozzle hole in the base. It is possible to transfer a measured dose from all wells on a JetWell plate to a second receiver JetWell plate in one operation. This is achieved by placing the receiver plate directly below the plate containing the liquid to be dispensed and applying a pressure pulse to all wells of the top plate. Liquid is then jetted from each well on the top plate to the corresponding well on the bottom plate. To jet the fluid cleanly from the nozzle hole the pressure in the fluid must rise quickly and fall sufficiently fast to prevent dribbling from the nozzle. The dynamics of this are well understood from ink-jet experience and it is known that it requires rates in excess of 10 s Pa s "1 (ie 1 bar/ms) for typical dimensions.
  • the pressure rise of a few bar can then be achieved by moving the piston a few millimetres at speeds of a few metres per second.
  • electromagnetic actuators are the simplest.
  • the force required to reach 10 bar is 10 4 Newton's (— 1 ton) which is more difficult to achieve using a simple solenoid drives.
  • an impact actuator can be used.
  • the piston is sealed to the dispense JetWell plate using a compliant seal which permits sufficient travel to reach the desired pressure and then prevents over pressure by limiting the motion using a physical stop.
  • the receiver JetWell plate is fitted directly below the dispense plate.
  • the piston and the two JetWell plates are mounted together on a spring support.
  • the back of the piston is then struck by a mass at a predetermined velocity.
  • the mass striking the piston back moves the piston towards the plate until it reaches the stop. This compresses the air volume above the wells to the desired pressure very quickly. Both the impact mass and the plates continue to move compressing the support spring.
  • the spring decelerates the assembly and then accelerates it back-up.
  • FIG 3 shows two JetWell plates, each of the type shown in Figure 1, mounted in the impact actuator.
  • JWL is the JetWell plate containing the liquid to be dispensed and
  • JW2 is the JetWell plate into which the aliquots are to be dispensed.
  • JW1 and JW2 are mounted rigidly together with JW1 above JW2.
  • the piston plate PP is mounted with a small gap above JW1 on a compressible gas tight edge gasket EG.
  • JW1, JW2 and PP are all supported on spring support SS.
  • mass M is accelerated towards PP so that it impacts at a specified velocity.
  • the piston plate PP and mass M move towards JW1 compressing the edge gasket (EG) until the motion stop (MSI) stops it at a preset gap.
  • EG edge gasket
  • MSI motion stop
  • the dispense pressure is a function of air volume and the distance to the forward stop and the dispense time is a function of the spring constants, masses and initial impact velocity.
  • the technique therefore provides the ability to independently set time and pressure for dispensing over a wide range.
  • a small area piston pump can be located over the specific well.
  • lines, or rectangular sections of the plate can be addressed by specifically shaped actuators.
  • the use of a minimal volume positive displacement air pressure generator has important advantages as has the impact technique described to implement it.
  • the technique for dispensing from a JetWell plate can also be used for dispensing to a JetWell plate providing the same volume is required in each well. This is applicable in some, but not all instances. Where different amounts are required in each well, alternative approaches can be used.
  • Nozzle plates could be selected from a library and cleaned for re-use
  • programmable nozzle arrays including but not restricted to solenoid, piezo, mechanically and thermal drives for ball, plate, disc or poppet mechamsms.
  • nozzles in the sub 0.1mm diameter range with minimal dead volume and implementable in arrays of many thousand is a challenge.
  • One approach is to use cone shaped nozzles which are produced as an array in a ferro magnetic material.
  • the nozzle plate is removable from the pressure generating head.
  • To programme the array to the required pattern magnetic beads are placed in those nozzles to be closed. The magnetic attraction to the plate holds them in place whilst the plate is replaced in the dispense head.
  • the nozzles are then filled with the liquid to be dispensed and a pressure pulse applied for the required time.
  • the ball in cone arrangement ensures a good seal against the dispense pressure.
  • the magnetic beads may be disposable or reusable depending upon application. By using several plates which can be programmed whilst other operations are being performed the system will be rapid and flexible.
  • JetWells of the dispense plate are prefilled with the volume and type of liquids required using an accurate but not necessarily fast technique.
  • the liquid is held in the wells by surface tension.
  • the plate is ready for use. It is positioned over the reaction JetWell plate, and all the content of each well is jet dispensed by a pressure pulse as described previously.
  • JetWell dispensing approaches In some cases neither of these JetWell dispensing approaches will be appropriate. For these instances it may be necessary to use a precision dispensing head.
  • the technique most suitable for this is based upon drop-on-demand ink-jet systems where the dose in each well can be set by dispensing a measured number of drops.
  • All material in contact with the fluid must be inert to a wide range of acids, alkalis and solvents. Preferably it should be restricted to silicon dioxide, stainless steel, and inert polymers
  • the system must be easy to fill and to flush as it must be used many times with a wide range of fluids
  • the nozzle diameter is chosen to match the well size. Typically the drop size is selected to be in the range 10° to IO "4 of the well volume
  • Typical delivery rates are in the range IO 3 to 10 4 drops per second
  • Actuation will preferably be by a thin piezo layer bonded to a silicon or silicon dioxide membrane.
  • the piezo drivers may be integrated on to the head.
  • the head would have gold contacts deposited enabling it to make electrical contact to off head drivers.
  • the application lends itself to implementation of the head using silicon crystallographic etching techniques to form the structure and either silicon to glass or silicon to silicon bonding for assembly.
  • top shooter or side shooter forms could be implemented at typical pitches required (-*0.5mm).
  • the best approach for achieving precision is therefore to include a technique for the calibration of each device prior to use.
  • a technique for the calibration of each device prior to use For example, for JetWell plates there may be a distribution of nozzle diameters coupled with a pressure variation which leads to different volumes being dispensed for each well. If a quantative assay is being performed on part-samples from each well, volume variation would influence the result.
  • the system could be calibrated before use by dispensing a reagent which can be used in a simple standard assay test for volume.
  • a reagent which can be used in a simple standard assay test for volume.
  • This for example could be a colour change reaction which is convenient for automated measurement.
  • the calibration would be used to correct the results of the real assay rather than to control the volumes dispensed.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
EP96936933A 1995-10-24 1996-10-24 Mikrotestplatten Withdrawn EP0862497A4 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9521775 1995-10-24
GBGB9521775.8A GB9521775D0 (en) 1995-10-24 1995-10-24 Microwell plates
PCT/US1996/017072 WO1997015394A1 (en) 1995-10-24 1996-10-24 Microwell plates

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0862497A1 true EP0862497A1 (de) 1998-09-09
EP0862497A4 EP0862497A4 (de) 1999-08-11

Family

ID=10782830

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96936933A Withdrawn EP0862497A4 (de) 1995-10-24 1996-10-24 Mikrotestplatten

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0862497A4 (de)
JP (1) JP2000500567A (de)
GB (1) GB9521775D0 (de)
WO (1) WO1997015394A1 (de)

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WO1997015394A1 (en) 1997-05-01
EP0862497A4 (de) 1999-08-11
GB9521775D0 (en) 1996-01-03
JP2000500567A (ja) 2000-01-18

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