EP0855938B1 - Landwirtschaftliche und andere sprühsysteme - Google Patents

Landwirtschaftliche und andere sprühsysteme Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0855938B1
EP0855938B1 EP96935135A EP96935135A EP0855938B1 EP 0855938 B1 EP0855938 B1 EP 0855938B1 EP 96935135 A EP96935135 A EP 96935135A EP 96935135 A EP96935135 A EP 96935135A EP 0855938 B1 EP0855938 B1 EP 0855938B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
chamber
boom
air
crop
Prior art date
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EP96935135A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0855938A1 (de
Inventor
Roger Sidney Benest
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Benest Engineering Ltd
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Benest Engineering Ltd
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Priority claimed from GBGB9522336.8A external-priority patent/GB9522336D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9603156.2A external-priority patent/GB9603156D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9616254.0A external-priority patent/GB9616254D0/en
Application filed by Benest Engineering Ltd filed Critical Benest Engineering Ltd
Publication of EP0855938A1 publication Critical patent/EP0855938A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0892—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point the outlet orifices for jets constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid being disposed on a circle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus applicable to agricultural and horticultural spraying systems.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to such spraying systems as disclosed in our prior patents and patent applications relating to boom-type sprayers having droplegs carrying spray nozzles.
  • the invention is more widely applicable than to dropleg-type sprayers and is applicable to conventional spray-from-above sprayers likewise. It is entirely possible that the invention may be applicable to the spraying of liquids which have a significantly higher viscosity than water and the like.
  • a problem which arises generally in relation to sprayers concerns effective penetration of the crop or other material to be sprayed, by the spray of droplets produced by the sprayer.
  • various forms of spray nozzle are utilised in which a spray of droplets is produced solely by virtue of the energy derived from the supply of liquid under pressure.
  • a further prior proposal known to the Applicants utilises an air supply in association with a liquid supply.
  • the liquid supply is directed via a restrictor onto a baffle plate where primary atomisation occurs before the liquid is mixed with the compressed air.
  • the compressed air then forces the thus-produced droplets through a circular passage onto an inner face of a flood jet.
  • secondary atomisation takes place, prior to the spray emerging in a flat fan-shaped pattern.
  • This dual stage atomisation process leads, so it is claimed, to the production of relatively large droplets in which air bubbles are trapped and which, by virtue of their size, are less subject to unwanted spray drift. It has been established that the droplets size thus produced is notably ineffective in effecting crop coverage.
  • the system disclosed facilitates pre-atomization of liquids by means of an insert member which includes an elongated impingement element having a transversely extending circular hole which is struck by the pressurised liquid, to break up same.
  • a pressurised stream of air is admitted to the device and a side surface area defines an impingement surface which deflects and breaks up the airstream and considerable turbulence for pre-atomizing the liquid stream is created, and as a result of the airstream being injected transversely into the longitudinally flowing liquid stream, there is produced a liquid flow in the downstream direction towards an outlet nozzle, in the form of finely divided pre-atomized particles.
  • This preliminarily atomized liquid flow stream is then directed axially through a discharge orifice at the open end of the device and an external deflector flange which is transversely oriented to the line of travel of the liquid, directs same through a final discharge orifice where the pre-atomized droplets are broken into extremely fine liquid particles which are then deflected into a flat, wide spray pattern in a manner which maximises their exposure to the ambient air.
  • a cup-shaped recess is believed to produce pressure waves or acoustic energy which assists in the liquid breakdown.
  • the nozzle assembly has particular utility in humidification and evaporative cooling applications.
  • the US '937 patent discloses the use of the same nozzle assembly in a manner in which it can be easily removed from the nozzle body to enable the nozzle to be used as an hydraulic nozzle.
  • the atomizer for discharging a jet of one fluid in another fluid.
  • the atomizer comprises an atomizer head disposed generally in-line with the incoming water supply direction and the head is formed with at least one nozzle hole for discharging the jet through the head and generally forwardly and outwardly.
  • the nozzle hole is profiled to reduce deposition on the atomizer when used for spraying into dust-laden flue gas.
  • the nozzle profile is adapted to reduce turbulence.
  • the general direction of water and air flow through the atomizer is actually lengthwise of the atomizer and onwards through the open atomizer head with the addition of a slightly outward component of movement resulting from the nozzle holes' slightly inclined attitude.
  • Figs 4 and 7 the material flow is axial throughout the jet units whereby these themselves are incapable of operating in accordance with the principles of the present invention, while that of Fig 4 shows a superficial resemblance to the latter but is used in a system whereby it produces narrowly-aimed jets of lubricant or coolant to be pin pointed on defined areas of the chains, gears or other machine parts.
  • the objective is to apply a concentrated jet of sufficient liquid volume to produce the requisite coolant effect.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus offering improvements in relation to one or more of these matters, or generally.
  • a droplet generator comprising an air-and-liquid supply chamber to which both a liquid supply and an air flow supply are connected for supply of air and liquid towards an internal wall or target formed by a closed end of the chamber.
  • the droplet generator further comprises structure defining an edge or boundary of an external outlet from the chamber and the liquid supply means is adapted to supply the liquid to the outlet through the chamber via the closed end of the chamber.
  • the air flow supply means and the liquid supply means are adapted in relation to the chamber to supply air and liquid towards the closed chamber end for production of the spray of droplets from the chamber outlet by entrainment of the liquid in the air flow.
  • These features produce several significant benefits. These include a particularly useful mode of droplet formation whereby the droplet size is well adapted to enable the air flow to entrain and carry the droplets into the crop.
  • the arrangement is capable of producing a suitable or optimum droplet size which is consistent with very low liquid volume requirements while achieving satisfactory or better crop penetration.
  • the mode of droplet generation is particularly adapted to enable the droplets to be effectively carried by the air flow in a required direction into the crop, for example from a dropleg.
  • the advantage is provided that the flow of air and entrained droplets has the required physical and dynamic characteristics and can be directed in any required direction.
  • considerable flexibility exists in designing the direction and width of the spray output. For example, if it is required to generate a relatively wide and fan-shaped output of spray in a given direction then the apparatus is provided with a series of suitably spaced orifices with suitable directions corresponding to the requisite fan-shaped output.
  • the embodiments of the present invention enable liquid volume supply to be reduced, at will, to levels very substantially below those required for conventional spray nozzles, provided that the air supply is always sufficient for the required entrainment and droplet formation steps.
  • the one or more orifices is or are formed in a chamber or gallery to which the liquid is supplied in the form of an unatomised jet directed at a closed end of the chamber which has an associated outlet through which the liquid and air flows supplied to the chamber proceed. It is not known whether some or all of the droplet formation occurs at the closed wall of the chamber, or later in the flow path of the materials through the chamber. Possibly, a surface layer of liquid is produced in the chamber which proceeds to the outlet opening and is formed into droplets at that region.
  • the outlet opening is located relative to that wall of the chamber so that the direction of material flow from the location of impact of the unatomised jet of liquid towards the outlet is generally outwardly of the chamber.
  • both the air and liquid supply paths to the chamber are generally axially thereof and lengthwise of the chamber towards its opposite closed end, but it may not be necessary for the air supply direction to be exactly axial.
  • the location of the one or more outlets relative to the chamber may be but need not be strictly at the outer periphery of the wall or target at which the liquid supply is directed.
  • the outlets are somewhat axially (of the chamber) offset from that wall, and the arrangement is such that the outlet(s) is or are located so as to enable a smooth and effective flow of materials from the chamber end wall outwardly thereof.
  • the jet or flow of liquid supplied to the chamber is disposed generally symmetrically with respect to two or more orifices formed in the chamber so that each orifice receives a generally equal supply of liquid to its entrainment edge or boundary.
  • the surface of the wall or target towards which the jet or flow of liquid is supplied to the air-and-liquid supply chamber may be constructed to promote uniform distribution of liquid to the entrainment edge or boundary of the associated orifice or outlet.
  • the surface may have a convex and outwardly broadening form having its apex directed at the source of the jet or flow of liquid, and the form of the convex structure being such as to promote the production of a uniform outward liquid flow to the one or more orifices provided in the chamber.
  • a flat surface may alternatively be provided as shown in Fig 7. It is also envisaged that a concave surface (as shown in Fig 2) produces useful results. It has been found that in the absence of a uniform liquid supply to two or more spaced orifices in the chamber, there can be a gravitational effect on the distribution of liquid to those orifices whereby non uniformity of spray production can result.
  • the invention utilises an approach to droplet formation having some technical common ground with carburettor technology.
  • the air supply provides power in the spray plume to penetrate the crop.
  • Droplet formation may occur, as mentioned above, either at the chamber wall which intercepts the liquid supply and/or in the region of the edge or boundary defining the outlet orifice or orifices of the chamber.
  • the plume of spray produced by the apparatus of the invention includes an inner portion, which may for example be of length about 10 to 20 centimeters, and in this portion of the plume the air and entrained liquid is relatively significantly less visible than in the outer portion of the plume where it assumes the characteristic mist or fog-like form. It is not known what effect gives rise to this change in appearance, which is uncharacteristic of conventional spray nozzles.
  • An important aspect of the embodiments described below is the relatively low power consumption of the air supply system. Whereas currently available so-called airbag sprayers usually require a power input of the order of 80 kilowatts to the fan, the air supply system of the embodiments described below requires only about 10 to 15 kilowatts for a 12 metre spray boom.
  • the orifice or outlet from which the droplets are discharged may be modified in shape with respect to the round profile disclosed below.
  • the principal advantages of the described embodiment are the simple construction of the droplet generator and the low tendency for orifice blockage, the highly directional droplet propagation, and the low liquid volumes involved. Moreover, very little lateral dispersal of the droplets occurs away from the main jet thereof, as compared with prior proposals, such as those discussed above, which tend to produce a fogging effect.
  • the embodiments substantially reduce the usual sprayer down time which is about 40 per cent of working time which is devoted to refilling the tank. Therefore, approaching 40 per cent more work can be produced.
  • a further factor is that the orifices or outlets from which the droplets emerge no longer need to be at the relatively very small sizes required by liquid spray systems.
  • orifices of the order of 1 millimetre diameter can be utilised compared with 0.3 millimetres for prior liquid systems. This reduces the occurrence of blockages.
  • the embodiments of the invention are extremely tolerant of changes in the pressure of the liquid supply.
  • the liquid supply pressure can be reduced to a level which is even below that of the air flow supply pressure.
  • the embodiments of the invention do not require a liquid supply in the form of a jet of liquid which must intercept, for example, an end wall of the air-and-liquid supply chamber so as to produce a dynamic effect.
  • it appears to be sufficient for the purposes of the invention that merely a sufficient supply of liquid is provided so that the droplet entrainment process can proceed without any shortfall in the supply of liquid therefor.
  • test work shows that modification of the form of the closed chamber end wall in the embodiment, against which the jet of liquid is projected, does not significantly affect the performance of the apparatus and this also appears to support the likelihood that the droplet entrainment process does not significantly occur within the chamber as such.
  • An important practical aspect of the invention relates to the several inter-related magnitude parameters of the main components of the liquid and air supply system. These parameters include the size of the outlet openings or orifices in the air and liquid supply chamber, the air supply pressure, the liquid supply pressure, and the output of the air compressor which supplies air to the system etc.
  • the size of the outlet openings in the air and liquid supply chamber may be in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 millimetres in diameter, or openings of a similar area in non-circular shapes. It is found that sizes of less than 0.5 millimetres lead to a significantly reduced throw or travel of the plume of droplets produced by the apparatus.
  • a preferred range of diameters (or sizes for other opening shapes) is from 1.3 to 1.8 millimetres and preferably 1.6 to 1.7 millimetres. These latter larger sizes provide the significant advantage of avoiding the frequent nozzle blockages which are a feature of conventional spraying systems. It is found that droplet size is not greatly affected by outlet opening size, but as such size increases, crop penetration increases due to increased velocity of the droplets caused by higher volume throughput as flow resistance reduces.
  • air supply pressure in the range of up to 0.6 bar and 0.6 to 1.0 bar (above atmospheric pressure), and preferably between 0.7 and 0.9 bar, are convenient utilising a compressor capable of supplying an output of approximately 142 to 566 litres (5 to 20 cubic feet) of air (measured at such pressure) per spraying head or dropleg, per minute.
  • an output in the range of 283 to 425 litres (10 to 15 cubic feet) per dropleg per minute will be suitable.
  • droplets envisaged namely to be propelled towards and to adhere to or coat crop and other surfaces exposed to them.
  • droplets preferably in the range of 80 to 120 or up to 150 microns in maximum dimension are found to be suitable for these purposes. Larger droplets are used for spraying crops from above (not using droplegs) to reduce spray drift caused by wind. Droplets significantly below 80 microns are found to be too small to adhere effectively to sprayed surfaces.
  • the contrasting approach of the present invention is based upon the use of an internal target or wall within an empty or open chamber to which the air and liquid supplies are delivered.
  • a change of direction of the liquid flow is effected accordingly towards an outlet or orifice which is not directly in-line with the liquid flow through the chamber.
  • the liquid and air flows through the outlet or orifice produce a spray of air-entrained droplets which, at air pressures which are readily determinable, produce droplet sizes suitable for effective coating of plant and other surfaces.
  • the present invention represents somewhat of a reversal of existing technology in the area of air-facilitation of droplet generation for agricultural and horticultural and related applications, which can benefit from the enhanced generation of the droplets of a size which promotes uniform coating of a substrate utilising minimum volumes of a liquid vehicle for the purpose of diluting an active surface treatment medium.
  • the technique utilises air as a means for replacing the diluting liquid vehicle.
  • the technique is independent to a significant extent of the pressure of the liquid supply. As regards air supply pressure, this is chosen in accordance with the required range of droplet sizes.
  • the range and degree of penetration provided by the plume or jet of spray droplets is determined to a large extent by the size of the outlet openings from the air and liquid supply chamber in combination with the corresponding required volume of air flow at the chosen air supply pressure (the latter being in accordance with droplet size requirements).
  • these technical features and advantages are provided by the relatively simple combination of features to be found in the air-and-liquid supply chambers shown in the described embodiments, most notably the provision of a wall or target in the open-centre chamber to which the liquid flow is supplied and which enables, with a change of flow direction, the liquid to reach the requisite number of outlets or orifices in combination with the required air flow through those orifices whereby droplet entrainment occurs in accordance with matters described above.
  • the liquid flow to and through the orifice is generally outwardly of the target or wall and indeed of the chamber, though by no means necessarily in a truly radial direction.
  • a liquid and air supply and connection assembly 10 comprises a machined connection and supply jet member 12 which is a friction fit within the end of a tube member 14.
  • Tube 14 forms the lower end portion of a dropleg of a dropleg-type sprayer as described in one or more of my prior patents, for example EP 0 600 919 B and EP 0 539 360 B, and as more fully described below with reference to Figs 4, 5 and 6 hereof.
  • Jet member 12 is a tight friction fit in tube 14 and has a projecting portion 16 formed with an external screw thread 18 to co-operate with a corresponding internal screw thread 20 provided on the internal surface of a collar portion 22 of an entrainment or chamber member 24 - see Fig 2.
  • Jet or connection member 12 is formed with a pattern of six axial bores 26 extending lengthwise thereof to deliver air from the pressurised internal volume of dropleg tube 14 to a chamber 28 defined within entrainment or chamber member 24.
  • Jet or connection member 12 also serves to provide an unatomised jet or flow of liquid into chamber 28, for the purpose to be described. Accordingly the connection member 12 is also provided with a hose sleeve 30 at its inner end, a lengthwise bore 32 leading therefrom, and a jet or supply member 34 to produce an unatomised jet or supply of spray liquid. Jet 34 has its own axial bore 36 which opens into bore 32 and receives liquid therefrom. The lengthwise bore 36 of jet 34 is simply a uniform-section endwise bore with no provision for the generation of droplets in the manner of a spray nozzle.
  • jet or connection member 12 serves to receive spray liquid from a hose which extends lengthwise of the dropleg tube or shank 14 within that tube, and receives also supplies of air pumped lengthwise of that tube in the annular space between the hose and the tube's inner surface.
  • the spray liquid is delivered from jet 34 as a thin uniform stream or supply of liquid.
  • the air is delivered generally uniformly around the periphery of jet member 12 by virtue of the six streams of air produced by bores 26. These flows of liquid and air are delivered to chamber 28 of the entrainment or liquid and air supply chamber member 24.
  • entrainment or chamber member 24 the principal structural features are its internal form and the provision of orifices or outlets 38 leading outwardly from chamber 28 for the delivery of air and spray liquid from chamber 28.
  • That chamber, 28, is of cylindrical form, comprising an axial bore 40.
  • it is formed with a conical-form end wall 42 with a fairly large cone angle and having an apex 44 at which the jet of liquid from jet 34 is delivered in use.
  • the orifices 38 are disposed in two groups of three orifices or outlets, making six in all, these groups of three being spaced within the group and between the groups so as to produce two laterally-and-upwardly directed plumes of spray in use from the dropleg tube 14 upwardly and laterally outwardly into the crop in directions in accordance with the teaching contained in my above-mentioned prior patents.
  • Figs 4, 5 and 6 show tractor-drawn spraying apparatus of the kind suitable for incorporation of droplet generation apparatus in accordance with the above-described embodiment of the invention.
  • a tractor 50 has mounted on the hitch links thereof boom type spraying apparatus 52 comprising spraying booms 54, 56 having associated droplegs 58, as described in our prior published PCT applications.
  • Each dropleg 58 comprises a downwardly-projecting dropleg shank portion 60 (corresponding to shank 14 in Fig 1) which enters between crop rows 62, 64 and carries a droplet generator 66 for crop spraying purposes.
  • Each dropleg 58 has its own droplet generator indicated in Fig 5 at 66, and this is provided with air and liquid supplies delivering liquid (to be sprayed) and air supplies from the liquid tank 68 and a compressor 70 shown in Fig 4.
  • the droplet generator 66 produces twin spray jets or plumes 72 (see Fig 5) directed generally forwardly and upwardly and laterally with respect to the direction F of forward travel of the tractor and the droplegs, and symmetrically with respect to the crop rows.
  • Droplet generator 66 corresponds to the entire apparatus of Figs 1, 2 and 3 described above.
  • Such a plume 72 is produced at each side of the dropleg to provide spray treatment of each of the crop rows 62, 64.
  • the dropleg 58 shown is constructed as described in our above-mentioned prior PCT applications, whereas in Fig 6 the dropleg 58 is adapted for the purpose of the present invention to receive both the air and the liquid supplies for transmission of these within the dropleg tube lengthwise thereof to the droplet generator 66 at the lower end thereof, the supplies being delivered thereto as described above and as illustrated in Fig 1.
  • liquid and air supplies are delivered to the upper end of each dropleg 58 and thus to its jet or connection member 12 as mentioned above and chamber 28 is pressurised by the air while receiving a jet or supply of liquid on the chamber end wall or target 42 at the apex 44 of the conical form of that end wall.
  • This jet or supply is believed to produce at least a partial film of liquid on the inner surface of the chamber end wall 42 which flows outwardly towards orifices or outlets 38 and passes, likewise as a film, outwardly and lengthwise of the orifice bores 46 to their end edges 48.
  • a degree of droplet formation may occur at the end wall or target 42 of chamber 24.
  • the droplet generator 66 of the droplegs 58 of Fig 6 is, instead of the
  • the droplet generator 66 of the droplegs 58 of Fig 6 is, instead of the assembly 10, 24 of Figs 1, 2 and 3, constructed as follows.
  • the droplet generator 100 of Fig 7 comprises a air and liquid supply chamber 102 to which are provided air 104 and liquid 106 supplies, these being provided in the same relative spacial dispositions as in the previous embodiment, for delivery towards the chamber end wall or target 108, which is planar.
  • the chamber outlets 110 are disposed in two groups comprising generally forwardly-directed outlets 112 and generally rearwardly-directed outlets 114, with respect to the direction F of normal forward motion of the sprayer.
  • the entrances 116 to the oulets are disposed so that liquid passing to the bores 118 of the outlets from the end wall 108 must change in direction before entering the bores. Moreover, the entrances 116 are offset from the end wall 108 by a distance d in the axial or liquid flow direction of chamber 102.
  • This embodiment of the invention is able to discharge spray droplets simultaneously in the two indicated directions which is of benefit for certain agricultural operations.
  • the use of the flow of air to cause movement of the spray of liquid droplets has the effect of replacing the water or similar diluent vehicle conventionally used for spraying purposes, whereby it becomes possible to spray treat agricultural or horticultural or industrial or other objects with a liquid treatment medium without the need for the use of any liquid as a diluent or carrier medium, or at least to reduce the effective volume of such a liquid vehicle by a factor of 10 or more.
  • sprayed is chosen in accordance with the desired size of the droplet to be generated.
  • the liquid vehicle for the treatment material may be non-aqueous, for example the liquid vehicle may be an oil-based liquid comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon.
  • liquid vehicle which forms part of the liquid to be sprayed will be chosen in accordance not only with the nature of the active chemical ingredient involved, but also in relation to the surface tension and other characteristics of the liquid to be sprayed, these being chosen in order to achieve a desired degree of adhesion to plant surfaces, or related requirements.
  • An example of a related requirement may be the requirement for the sprayed material to be rain-resistant.
  • the invention offers the additional advantage of permitting non-aqueous based liquid vehicles to be offered for spraying purposes whereas such a basis for spraying operation has hitherto been considered commercially unacceptable in view of the relatively high cost of the liquid vehicle due to its volumetric requirements as determined by prior art spraying apparatus.
  • a further aspect of the present invention relates to the relative importance of providing an ability to inject or otherwise deliver the liquid to be sprayed to the delivery system close to the spraying nozzles on the boom. In this way, the lengths of spraying lines in which relatively concentrated chemicals are transmitted are reduced. This leads to significant advantages in terms of ability to switch from one spraying medium to another at relatively short notice.
  • the actual cross sectional shape and dimensions of the air and liquid supply chamber may be varied.
  • a non cylindrical chamber may be used and its axial length in the liquid flow direction may be varied, as indicated by comparison of Figs 2 and 7.
  • Routine test work by a competent technical person in the field will reveal the applicable limits.
  • variations in the dispositions of the outlets relative to the chamber end wall can be accommodated and provided.
  • the wall or target towards which the liquid supply flows can itself be modified considerably in terms of its profile being planar, generally convex or generally concave. Indeed, the target may be provided as an internal construction in the chamber providing for suitable liquid flow outwards to the chamber outlets. Routine test work will reveal the modifications which may be made in this regard.
  • Tests have been made of a liquid and air delivery system to the chamber permitting, effectively, a gravity feed to the chamber end wall or target, and thus without the controlled metering of liquid supply to that structure.
  • This arrangement could be adopted where attitude changes are not of significance, but generally it is desirable to provide metering means for delivering an even supply of liquid to the chamber end wall or target.
  • Such may be achieved in a variety of ways additional to the jet or flow indicated in the described embodiments, including the use of several such jets or flows within the chamber. It will be understood from the foregoing description that the chamber end wall or target provides a function of a distribution baffle or member serving to supply an appropriate flow of liquid to the chamber outlets for droplet entrainment.

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  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Mobiles landwirtschaftliches oder gartenbauliches Ausleger-Sprühgerät mit:
    a) einem mobilen Sprühausleger (54, 56), der geeignet ist, beispielsweise längs mehrerer Pflanzenreihen (62, 64) bewegt zu werden, während er beim Sprühen über den mehreren Reihen angeordnet ist;
    b) wobei der Ausleger mehrere Tropfengeneratoren (66) hat, die geeignet sind, Flüssigkeitstropfen zu erzeugen, um ein gleichzeitiges Besprühen der mehreren Pflanzenreihen zu bewirken, während der Ausleger über den Reihen angeordnet ist;
    c) und wobei die Tropfengeneratoren geeignet sind, mehrere Tropfenstrahlen (72) zu erzeugen, die in der Lage sind, den Abstand zwischen den von dem Ausleger getragenen mehreren Tropfengeneratoren (66) und den darunter liegenden Pflanzen zu durchqueren, während der Ausleger über die Pflanzen bewegt wird, und wobei jeder Tropfengenerator in der Lage ist, auch seinen eigenen auseinanderlaufenden Sprühstrahl zu erzeugen, der geeignet ist, das Besprühen des an ihn selbst angrenzenden Abschnitts der Pflanze zu bewirken, so daß die Pflanze unter dem Ausleger angemessen besprüht wird;
    d) wobei jeder Tropfengenerator (66) eine Verbindung (10) mit Flüssigkeitszuführmitteln (30) hat, die geeignet sind, eine zu versprühende Flüssigkeit zuzuführen;
    e) wobei jeder Tropfengenerator eine Verbindung (10) mit Luftstromzuführmitteln (14) hat, die geeignet sind, einen Luftstrom zuzuführen, der mit einem Strahl von durch das Gerät erzeugten Tropfen austritt;
    f) wobei jeder Tropfengenerator (66) somit eine Verbindung (10) mit den Flüssigkeitszuführmitteln (30) und den Luftstromzuführmitteln (14) hat und geeignet ist, daraus einen Strahl Flüssigkeitstropfen zu erzeugen;
    g) wobei der Tropfengenerator (66) eine Zuführvorrichtung (28) für Luft und Flüssigkeit hat, mit der sowohl die Flüssigkeitszuführmittel (30) als auch die Luftstromzuführmittel (14) verbunden sind, um eine Zufuhr von Luft und Flüssigkeit im wesentlichen auf eine Innenwand (42, 108) in der Vorrichtung hin vorzunehmen;
    h) wobei der Tropfengenerator ferner eine Struktur (40) hat, die einen externen Ausgang (49) aus der Vorrichtung definiert, und die Vorrichtung und die Flüssigkeitszuführmittel (30) geeignet sind, die Flüssigkeit dem externen Ausgang durch die Vorrichtung (10) über die Innenwand der Vorrichtung zuzuführen;
    i) wobei die Luftstromzuführmittel (14) und die Flüssigkeitszuführmittel (30) in Beziehung zu der Vorrichtung (10) geeignet sind, eine Zufuhr von Luft und Flüssigkeit auf die Innenwand (42, 108) hin vorzunehmen, um den aus dem externen Ausgang (49) der Vorrichtung tretenden Strahl (72) der Tropfen zu erzeugen, indem die Flüssigkeit in dem Luftstrom mitgerissen wird; und
    j) wobei die Strömungsrichtung der Flüssigkeit und der Luft aus der Vorrichtung durch den externen Ausgang (49) im wesentlichen seitwärts nach außen bezüglich der Richtung gerichtet ist, in der die zugeführte Luft und Flüssigkeit in die Vorrichtung eintreten, um sich im wesentlichen auf die Innenwand der Vorrichtung hin zu bewegen;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    k) die Zuführvorrichtung für Luft und Wasser die Form einer Kammer (28) hat, an die an einem Ende die Flüssigkeitszuführmittel (30) angeschlossen sind und die an dem davon abgewandten Ende, an dem sich die Innenwand befindet, geschlossen ist; und
    l) der externe Ausgang (49) in einer Seitenwand (22) der Kammer ausgebildet ist, die zwischen den Endwänden (16, 42) der Kammer verläuft; und
    m) der Ausgang (49) sich nach innen in einen Raum öffnet, der den Ausgang mit der Innenwand (42) verbindet.
  2. Gerät (52) zum Verteilen von Tropfen eines flüssigen Materials aus einem zentralen Flüssigkeitsvorrat (68) an eine für eine Flüssigkeitsapplikation vorgesehene Stelle (66), mit:
    a) Flüssigkeitszuführmitteln (28), die geeignet sind, eine zu versprühende Flüssigkeit zuzuführen;
    b) Luftstromzuführmitteln (28), die geeignet sind, einen Luftstrom zuzuführen, der mit einem Strahl von dem Gerät erzeugter Tropfen austreten soll;
    c) einem Tropfengenerator (24, 100), der mit den Mitteln zum Zuführen von Flüssigkeit und Luft verbunden und geeignet ist, daraus einen Strahl Flüssigkeitstropfen zu erzeugen; und
    d) wobei der Tropfengenerator einen externen Kammerausgang (49) hat, der geeignet ist, eine Flüssigkeitszufuhr nach außen durch den Ausgang aus einer Innenwand oder -scheibe einer Luft- und Flüssigkeitszuführkammer zu ermöglichen, die zwecks Tropfenbildung von einem Luftstrom durch den Ausgang aus der Luft- und Flüssigkeitszuführkammer mitzuführen ist;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    e) das Gerät die Form eines mobilen landwirtschaftlichen oder gartenbaulichen Ausleger-Sprühgeräts (52) hat; und
    f) das Sprühgerät einen mobilen Sprühausleger (54, 56) hat, der geeignet ist, beispielsweise längs mehrerer Pflanzenreihen (62, 64) bewegt zu werden, während er beim Sprühen über den mehreren Reihen angeordnet ist;
    g) der Ausleger mehrere Tropfengeneratoren (24, 100) hat, die geeignet sind, Flüssigkeitstropfen zu erzeugen, um ein gleichzeitiges Besprühen der mehreren Pflanzenreihen zu bewirken, während der Ausleger über den Reihen angeordnet ist;
    h) und die Tropfengeneratoren (24, 100) geeignet sind, mehrere Tropfenstrahlen zu erzeugen, die in der Lage sind, den Abstand zwischen den von dem Ausleger (54, 56) getragenen mehreren Tropfengeneratoren und den darunter liegenden Pflanzen zu durchqueren, während der Ausleger über die Pflanzen bewegt wird, und jeder Tropfengenerator in der Lage ist, auch seinen eigenen auseinanderlaufenden Sprühstrahl (72) zu erzeugen, der geeignet ist, das Besprühen des an ihn selbst angrenzenden Abschnitts der Pflanze zu bewirken, so daß die Pflanze unter dem Ausleger angemessen besprüht wird.
  3. Gerät nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kammerwand (42, 108) eine geschlossene Wand der Kammer ist und die Flüssigkeitszuführmittel und die Luftstromzuführmittel an einer abgewandten Endwand (16) der Kammer angeschlossen sind, um ihre jeweilige Zufuhr längs der Kammer auf die geschlossene Endwand hin abzugeben.
  4. Gerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flüssigkeitszuführmittel (30, 36, 106) geeignet sind, unverstäubte Flüssigkeit der Kammer (102) durch eine Düse (36) zuzuführen, die an dem geschlossenen Ende oder der Wand (42) der Kammer im wesentlichen axial zu der Kammer ausgerichtet ist.
  5. Gerät nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düse (36) im wesentlichen mittig zur Kammer (24) und symmetrisch zu zwei oder mehr darin ausgebildeten Ausgängen (38) ausgerichtet ist, aus denen der Strahl von Flüssigkeitstropfen austritt.
  6. Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Luftstromzuführmittel (14) geeignet sind, der Kammer den Luftstrom durch eine Gruppe von zwei oder mehr Öffnungen (26) zuzuführen, die um das Mittel (36) zum Zuführen der Flüssigkeit in die Kammer herum angeordnet sind.
  7. Gerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ausgang (49) aus der Kammer (28) durch das äußere Ende einer Bohrung (46) in der Kammerwand gebildet ist, wobei der Eingang zu der Bohrung so angeordnet ist, daß sie keine Flüssigkeit direkt von der Düse (36) empfängt, bevor die Flüssigkeit auf die geschlossene Endwand der Kammer (24) getroffen ist.
  8. Gerät nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eingang zu der Bohrung in der axial verlaufenden Wand (40) oder Wänden der Kammer (24) ausgebildet ist.
  9. Gerät nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eingang zu der Bohrung (46) zur Innenwand (44) der Kammer axial versetzt ist, auf die die Flüssigkeits- und Luftstromzufuhr jeweils gerichtet ist.
  10. Gerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kammerausgang (49) so angeordnet ist, daß Tropfen, die durch den Ausgang abgegeben werden, sich zunächst in einer Richtung bewegen, die bezüglich der Kammer seitlich nach außen zeigt und zu einem äußeren Radius bezüglich der Flüssigkeitsstromachse der Kammer geneigt ist.
  11. Gerät nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Neigung der Ausgangsanordnung bezüglich des Radius zu dem Ende der Kammer (28) zeigt, an dem der Flüssigkeitsstrom in die Kammer eintritt.
  12. Gerät nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Neigung der Ausgangsanordnung bezüglich des Radius von dem Ende der Kammer (28) weg zeigt, an dem der Flüssigkeitsstrom in die Kammer (28) eintritt.
  13. Gerät nach Anspruch 11 und Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kammer Ausgänge (112, 114) enthält, die in beiden definierten Richtungen angeordnet sind, so daß das Gerät gleichzeitig Strahlen in Richtungen mit erheblichen Neigungen zueinander abgegeben kann.
  14. Gerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ausgang (49) einer aus einer Gruppe von Ausgängen ist, die in Abständen um die Flüssigkeitsstromachse der Kammer (28) herum umlaufend angeordnet sind.
  15. Gerät nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ausgang (49) einer von zumindest zwei Gruppen von Ausgängen ist, die symmetrisch zu der zentralen Flüssigkeitsstromachse der Kammer angeordnet sind.
  16. Landwirtschaftliches oder gartenbauliches Sprühgerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche in Verbindung mit einem Sprühausleger (54, 56) und an dem Sprühausleger befestigten Klapparmen (58), wobei die Tropfengeneratoren (66) des Geräts an den Klapparmen montiert sind, um wesentlich näher an der Bodenebene zu arbeiten als bei Montage an dem Ausleger.
  17. Verfahren zum Sprühen mit einem mobilen landwirtschaftlichen oder gartenbaulichen Ausleger-Sprühgerät, wobei das Verfahren umfaßt:
    a) Bereitstellen eines mobilen Sprühauslegers (54, 56), der geeignet ist, beispielsweise längs mehrerer Pflanzenreihen (62, 64) bewegt zu werden, während er beim Sprühen über den mehreren Reihen angeordnet ist;
    b) Ausstatten des Auslegers mit mehreren Tropfengeneratoren (66), die geeignet sind, Flüssigkeitstropfen zu erzeugen, und Veranlassen desselben, ein gleichzeitiges Besprühen der mehreren Pflanzenreihen zu bewirken, während der Ausleger über den Reihen angeordnet ist;
    c) Veranlassen der Tropfengeneratoren, mehrere Tropfenstrahlen (72) zu erzeugen, die den Abstand zwischen den von dem Ausleger getragenen mehreren Tropfengeneratoren (66) und den darunter liegenden Pflanzen durchqueren, während der Ausleger über die Pflanzen bewegt wird, und wobei jeder Tropfengenerator auch seinen eigenen auseinanderlaufenden Sprühstrahl erzeugt, der das Besprühen des an ihn selbst angrenzenden Abschnitts der Pflanze bewirkt, so daß die Pflanze unter dem Ausleger angemessen besprüht wird;
    d) Veranlassen, daß jedem Tropfengenerator (66) eine zu versprühende Flüssigkeit zugeführt wird;
    e) Veranlassen, daß jedem Tropfengenerator durch Luftstromzuführmittel (14) ein Luftstrom zugeführt wird, der mit einem Strahl von durch das Gerät erzeugten Tropfen austreten soll;
    f) Veranlassen des Tropfengenerators (66), durch die Verbindung mit den Flüssigkeitszuführmitteln und den Luftstromzuführmitteln daraus einen Strahl Flüssigkeitstropfen zu erzeugen;
    g) wobei der Tropfengenerator eine Zuführvorrichtung (28) für Luft und Flüssigkeit hat und das Verfahren umfaßt, sowohl die Flüssigkeitszufuhr als auch den Luftstrom so zuzuführen, daß sie im wesentlichen auf eine Innenwand (42) in der Vorrichtung hin abgegeben werden;
    h) wobei der Tropfengenerator ferner eine Struktur hat, die eine Kante oder Begrenzung eines externen Ausgangs (49) aus der Vorrichtung definiert, und das Verfahren den Schritt enthält, die Flüssigkeit dem externen Ausgang über die Innenwand der Vorrichtung zuzuführen; und
    i) wobei das Verfahren ferner den Schritt enthält, eine Zufuhr der Luft und der Flüssigkeit auf die Innenwand hin vorzunehmen, um die aus dem externen Ausgang der Vorrichtung tretenden Sprühtropfen zu erzeugen, indem die Flüssigkeit in dem Luftstrom mitgeführt wird; und
    j) wobei das Verfahren ferner den Schritt umfaßt, zu veranlassen, daß die Strömungsrichtung der Flüssigkeit und der Luft aus der Vorrichtung durch den externen Ausgang im wesentlichen seitwärts nach außen gerichtet ist bezüglich der Richtung, in der die zugeführte Luft und Flüssigkeit in die Vorrichtung eintreten, um sich im wesentlichen auf die Innenwand der Vorrichtung hin zu bewegen;
    gekennzeichnet durch
    k) Vorsehen der Zuführvorrichtung für Luft und Wasser in Form einer Kammer (28) und Anschließen der Flüssigkeitszuführmittel (30) an einem Ende sowie Vorsehen der Kammer in einer geschlossenen Form (42) an dem abgewandten Ende, an dem sich die Innenwand befindet; und
    l) Vorsehen des externen Ausgangs in einer Seitenwand (40) der Kammer, die zwischen den Endwänden der Kammer verläuft;
    m) Veranlassen, daß der Ausgang sich nach innen in einen Raum öffnet, der den Ausgang (49) mit der Innenwand (42) verbindet.
  18. Verfahren zum Verteilen von Tropfen von flüssigem Material aus einem zentralen Flüssigkeitsvorrat (68) an eine für eine Flüssigkeitsapplikation vorgesehene Stelle (72), umfassend:
    a) Zuführen einer zu versprühenden Flüssigkeit;
    b) Bereitstellen von Luftstromzuführmitteln (70) und Veranlassen derselben, einen Luftstrom zuzuführen, der mit der von dem Gerät erzeugten Flüssigkeit austreten soll;
    c) Bereitstellen eines Tropfengenerators (66), der mit den Mitteln zum Zuführen von Flüssigkeit und Luft verbunden ist, und Veranlassen desselben, daraus einen Strahl Flüssigkeitstropfen zu erzeugen;
    d) Bereitstellen des Tropfengenerators, der eine Struktur enthält, die eine Kante oder Begrenzung (49) eines Kammerausgangs (38) definiert, und Veranlassen einer Flüssigkeitszufuhr nach außen durch den Ausgang von einem geschlossenen Ende oder einer Wand (42) einer Luft- und Flüssigkeitszuführkammer (28), so daß zur Tropfenbildung Flüssigkeit in dem Luftstrom durch den Ausgang aus der Kammer mitgeführt wird;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    e) das Verfahren ein Verfahren ist, welches ein mobiles landwirtschaftliches oder gartenbauliches Ausleger-Sprühgerät (52) verwendet; und
    f) ein mobiler Sprühausleger (54, 56) bereitgestellt wird, welcher beispielsweise längs mehrerer Pflanzenreihen (62, 64) bewegt wird, während er beim Sprühen über den mehreren Reihen angeordnet ist;
    g) Veranlassen der mehreren Tropfengeneratoren (66), Flüssigkeitstropfen zu erzeugen, um ein gleichzeitiges Besprühen der mehreren Pflanzenreihen zu bewirken, während der Ausleger über den Reihen angeordnet ist; und
    h) Veranlassen der Tropfengeneratoren, mehrere Tropfenstrahlen zu erzeugen, die den Abstand zwischen den von dem Ausleger (54, 56) getragenen mehreren Tropfengeneratoren (66) und den darunter liegenden Pflanzen (62, 64) durchqueren, während der Ausleger über die Pflanzen bewegt wird, und Veranlassen jedes Tropfengenerators, auch seinen eigenen auseinanderlaufenden Sprühstrahl (72) zu erzeugen, der geeignet ist, das Besprühen des an ihn selbst angrenzenden Abschnitts der Pflanze zu bewirken, so daß die Pflanze unter dem Ausleger angemessen besprüht wird.
  19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17 oder Anspruch 18, gekennzeichnet durch den Schritt des Veranlassens der Zuführmittel, Flüssigkeit zu dem geschlossenen Ende oder der Wand (42, 108) der Kammer (28, 102) in Form eines Strahls unverstäubter Flüssigkeit zuzuführen, der im wesentlichen axial zur Kammer an dem geschlossenen Ende oder der Wand der Kammer ausgerichtet ist.
  20. Verfahren nach Anspruch 19, gekennzeichnet durch den Schritt des Veranlassens, daß der Strahl allgemein mittig der Kammer und symmetrisch zu zwei oder mehr darin ausgebildeten Ausgängen (112, 114) ausgerichtet ist, aus denen der Strahl der Flüssigkeitstropfen austritt.
  21. Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Luft- und Flüssigkeitszufuhr (104, 106) zu jedem Tropfengenerator (100) durch einen Klapparm (58) zu diesem geliefert wird und durch Leitungen darin oder den Klapparm selbst in seiner Längsrichtung übertragen wird.
EP96935135A 1995-11-01 1996-10-31 Landwirtschaftliche und andere sprühsysteme Expired - Lifetime EP0855938B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9522336 1995-11-01
GBGB9522336.8A GB9522336D0 (en) 1995-11-01 1995-11-01 Agricultural and horticultural spraying systems
GB9603156 1996-02-15
GBGB9603156.2A GB9603156D0 (en) 1995-11-01 1996-02-15 Agricultural and other spraying systems
GBGB9616254.0A GB9616254D0 (en) 1996-08-01 1996-08-01 Agricultural and other spraying systems
GB9616254 1996-08-01
GB9619260 1996-09-16
GBGB9619260.4A GB9619260D0 (en) 1995-11-01 1996-09-16 Agricultural and other spraying systems
PCT/GB1996/002664 WO1997016257A1 (en) 1995-11-01 1996-10-31 Agricultural and other spraying systems

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EP0855938A1 EP0855938A1 (de) 1998-08-05
EP0855938B1 true EP0855938B1 (de) 2002-07-31

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JP (1) JP2000504990A (de)
CN (1) CN1092545C (de)
AT (1) ATE221417T1 (de)
AU (1) AU713843B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69622733T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0855938T3 (de)
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GB9808635D0 (en) 1998-04-24 1998-06-24 Benest Eng Ltd Spraying apparatus and method
CA2298591A1 (en) 1998-06-05 1999-12-16 Benest Engineering Limited Agricultural and horticultural spraying systems
EP1581049B1 (de) 2003-07-28 2006-03-15 Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Vorrichtung und verfahren zur aufbringung von substanzen an geerntete futterpflanzen und getreide
KR101346827B1 (ko) * 2011-10-12 2014-01-10 (주)동서그린산업 원예 및 축사용 액체공급장치
CN103639080A (zh) * 2013-12-16 2014-03-19 中化镇江焦化有限公司 蒸氨塔的专用清洗喷头
CN103639079A (zh) * 2013-12-16 2014-03-19 中化镇江焦化有限公司 一种塔器清洗专用喷头
US10993378B2 (en) * 2014-09-12 2021-05-04 University Of Johannesburg Apparatus for preparing and applying a foliar spray
DE102016014269A1 (de) 2016-11-30 2018-05-30 Dürr Systems Ag Düsenvorrichtung mit zumindest zwei Düsenplatten und zumindest drei Öffnungen
DE102016014270A1 (de) 2016-11-30 2018-05-30 Dürr Systems Ag Düsenvorrichtung zur Ausgabe von zwei sich annähernden Strahlen eines Abgabemediums
CN110369176B (zh) * 2019-06-26 2021-03-02 安徽万户农业科技有限公司 增压式广角喷头
CN110441492A (zh) * 2019-08-30 2019-11-12 贵州大学 一种具有喷雾除尘功能的矿山开采用可燃气体检测装置

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AU713843B2 (en) 1999-12-09
GB9619260D0 (en) 1996-10-30
JP2000504990A (ja) 2000-04-25
ATE221417T1 (de) 2002-08-15
CN1200685A (zh) 1998-12-02
DK0855938T3 (da) 2002-11-11
DE69622733D1 (de) 2002-09-05
DE69622733T2 (de) 2003-04-03
ES2180801T3 (es) 2003-02-16
AU7321396A (en) 1997-05-22
EP0855938A1 (de) 1998-08-05
WO1997016257A1 (en) 1997-05-09

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