EP0855013B1 - Evaporateur capillaire pour boucle diphasique de transfert d'energie entre une source chaude et une source froide - Google Patents
Evaporateur capillaire pour boucle diphasique de transfert d'energie entre une source chaude et une source froide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0855013B1 EP0855013B1 EP97936757A EP97936757A EP0855013B1 EP 0855013 B1 EP0855013 B1 EP 0855013B1 EP 97936757 A EP97936757 A EP 97936757A EP 97936757 A EP97936757 A EP 97936757A EP 0855013 B1 EP0855013 B1 EP 0855013B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- enclosure
- evaporator
- tube
- heat
- evaporator according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005679 Peltier effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 27
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005486 microgravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
- F28D15/043—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure forming loops, e.g. capillary pumped loops
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an evaporator capillary for two-phase energy transfer loop between a hot spring and a cold source, of the type which comprises a) an enclosure made of a porous material having an inlet for a heat transfer fluid in the liquid state, b) an envelope in which said enclosure is placed to define around it a collection of said fluid in the vapor state, said envelope having an outlet through which the vapor collected by said chamber.
- Such evaporators are part of two-phase loops such as that shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing, which is used to transfer thermal energy from a so-called zone A "hot spring", to zone B, at temperature lower, called “cold source”.
- the loop takes the form of a closed circuit in which a fluid circulates which can be, depending on the temperatures of use, water, ammonia, a "Freon", etc ...
- This circuit includes "capillary” evaporators 1, 1 ', .... connected in parallel, condensers 2, also connected in parallel (or in series-parallel), a steam circulation pipe 3 and a liquid circulation 4.
- the direction of circulation of the fluid is indicated by the arrows 5.
- An isolator 6 can be placed at the inlet of each evaporator, to prevent accidental vapor return in the duct 4.
- a sub-cooler 7 is placed on the duct 4 to condense steam which, accidentally, would not have been fully condensed at the end of the set of condensers 2 and to lower the temperature so as to provide security against of the risk of locally reaching the temperature of saturation and thus generate vapor bubbles upstream evaporators.
- the operating temperature of the loop is controlled by a two-phase pressurizer tank 8 mounted on duct 4. This tank is checked thermally (by means not shown) so to control the vaporization temperature.
- the hot spring can be made up of heat-generating equipment and mounted in a spacecraft, or installed on the ground, equipment whose loop keeps the temperature at a value compatible with proper functioning of this equipment.
- the maximum power it is possible to transport is conditioned by the maximum ascent of pressure that capillary evaporators can provide and by the sum of the circuit pressure losses for the maximum power considered. As described in the French patent application cited above, with ammonia pressure rises of the order of 5000 Pa.
- Figures 2 and 3 show an evaporator 1 likely to be used in the loop of Figure 1. It is described in the document entitled "Capillary pumped loop technology development ", authors: J. Kroliczek, R. Mc Intosh, presented at the ICES conference held in LONG BEACH (California) in 1987.
- the evaporator 1 comprises a tubular casing metallic 9 good conductor of heat, having a inlet 10 at one end and outlet 11 at the end opposite. Inside the envelope, an enclosure cylinder 12 with a porous wall is held by spacers 13 (see FIG. 3) coaxially with envelope 9.
- the porous material can be made of any material with pores of suitable and substantially homogeneous dimensions, by example of metallic or plastic sintered materials (polyethylene) or even ceramics.
- space 14 inside enclosure 12 is filled with fluid coolant in the liquid state while the chamber annular 15 collects the vapor of this liquid which forms in this room under the effect of heat released by the hot spring A.
- the vapor pressure is higher than the pressure of the liquid which allows the circulation of the heat transfer fluid in the loop and the evacuation of the heat transported towards the source cold B.
- the heat transfer fluid which circulates in the loop is almost never pure and often contains incondensable gases in the loop, such as hydrogen.
- This gas can come from a decomposition of the heat transfer fluid, when this consists of ammonia, for example. It can also come from chemical reactions between this ammonia and parts of the buckle made of aluminum, by example. In microgravity, this incondensable gas can be gather in a pocket 16 at the bottom of the enclosure 12, as shown in figure 2.
- the space 14 inside this enclosure 12 can also accommodate bubbles 17 of uncondensed vapor from the coolant. This may result in a local shutdown of the circulation of this fluid and therefore a runaway thermal of the loop. Indeed, when part of the capillary material constituting the wall of the enclosure 12, subjected to heat flow from the source hot A, no longer directly supplied by liquid came from inside the enclosure, because of a pocket 16 of incondensable or uncondensed gas or vapor, the liquid contained in this part of the capillary material vaporizes quickly. A "piercing" 18 of the enclosure 12 appears and the pressurized steam then fills instantly the space 14 inside the enclosure 12, this which stops the circulation of the heat transfer fluid.
- Figure 4 shows schematically an evaporator of another type, described in the document entitled “Method of increase the evaporation reliability for loop heat pipes and capillary pumped loops ", authors: E.Yu. Kotliarov, G.P. Serov, presented at the ICES conference held in Colorado Springs, USA, in 1994.
- the evaporator of figure 4 differs from that Figures 2 and 3 in that it incorporates a tank buffer 19 at the inlet of the evaporator itself, which includes an envelope 9 and an enclosure 12 made of material porous similar to those of the evaporator of Figure 2.
- the evaporator also comprises a tube 20 with a solid wall which passes axially and the pressurizer tank 19 and enclosure 12, this tube opening near the bottom of this enclosure.
- Figure 5 shows schematically an evaporator yet another type, described in the document "Test results of reliable and very high capillary multi-evaporation condensers loops ", authors: S. Van Ost, M. Dubois and G. Beckaert, presented at the ICES conference held in San Diego, California, USA, in 1995.
- the evaporator is placed in one of the branches of a circuit which has one evaporator per branch, the same pressurizer tank 8 supplying all these branches.
- the evaporator includes a envelope 9 and an enclosure with a porous wall 12. Between the tank 8 and the evaporator, the connection is made by a tubular conduit internally lined with a "link capillary "21 consisting of a tube made of a fabric metallic.
- the liquid coolant arriving from condenser 2 passes through the pressurizer tank 8 and fills the entire duct 3 as well as the interior space at enclosure 12.
- the incondensable gas In the presence of incondensable gas in the loop, but without generation of vapor in the heart of the evaporator, typical situation of operation with high thermal power (typically greater than 50 Watt for ammonia), the incondensable gas accumulates in enclosure 12 of the evaporator at inside the capillary link 21 only. The material porous of the enclosure 12 then remains always supplied by heat transfer liquid, which ensures operation of the evaporator.
- the vapor which forms in this enclosure can, if its generating pressure is sufficient, return to the pressurizer tank 8 as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5, and cause incondensable gas.
- the liquid meanwhile, flows around the periphery of the capillary link 21 and allows feeding the porous material of the enclosure, which ensures the operation of the evaporator.
- the capillary link 21 present in the ducts 3 supplying the evaporators make them rigid and bulky (diameter of the order of 10 mm), disadvantages which can prove to be prohibitive as regards the loop should be placed in a tight space and complex form, as is often the case in space vehicles, for example.
- the present invention therefore aims to achieve a evaporator for two-phase capillary pumping loop, which is tolerant of the presence of gas or vapor noncondensable inside its porous enclosure.
- the present invention also aims to achieve such an evaporator suitable for integrating into a loop two-phase containing a plurality of such evaporators mounted in parallel, the geometry of this loop can be suitable for installation in a small space and / or of complex shape.
- an evaporator of the type described in preamble to this description remarkable in that it includes a tube that grows throughout the interior space of the porous wall enclosure, from of one end of the tube constituting the inlet of the enclosure in heat transfer liquid, said tube being pierced over its entire length of liquid injection holes coolant in the wall of the enclosure.
- this tube allows, in all circumstances, to supply the whole of the porous wall enclosure with liquid coolant, which ensures the necessary generation of vapor through the evaporator, even in the presence of gas or incondensable or uncondensed vapor in said pregnant.
- the evaporator according to the invention comprises, as the previous ones, a tubular casing 9 and an enclosure with porous wall 12 kept in the envelope 9 apart of this envelope by spacers such as the spacers 13 shown in Figure 3, or by grooves formed on the inner face of the casing 9, so as to define between the envelope and the enclosure a steam collection chamber 15 formed in the evaporator.
- the evaporator still has an inlet 10 for the heat transfer fluid in the liquid state and a outlet 11 for the vapor of this fluid.
- this comprises (see FIG. 6) a tube 22, for example of helical shape, developing axially throughout the interior space of enclosure 12, to the bottom of it.
- the tube 22 is blocked at its end 22 'near this bottom but it is drilled on its entire length of holes 23, for example regularly spaced.
- the helical tube 22 adjusts substantially to the inside diameter of the enclosure 12 so as to follow tightly the porous wall of this enclosure.
- the holes 23 are drilled in front of this wall, to inject heat transfer liquid in space 14 inside enclosure 12, by continuously spraying this wall, as we will see it later.
- the unplugged end 24 of the tube 22 passes through, and is carried by, a partition 25 of a sealed material mounted transversely in a chamber 26 interposed, according to the invention, between the inlet 10 of the evaporator and the assembly formed by the envelope 9 and the enclosure 12.
- the partition 25 divides the chamber 26 into a first compartment (26 1 , 26 2 ), see FIG. 7, and a second compartment 26 3 , one of which (26 1 , 26 2 ) contains a partition 27 made of a porous material similar to that constituting the wall of the enclosure 12.
- the partition 27 is transverse to the axis X of the evaporator, and it is therefore substantially parallel to the watertight partition 26. It divides the first compartment (26 1 , 26 2 ) into two sub-compartments 26 1 and 26 2 .
- the evaporator according to the invention then operates as following.
- the porous wall of the enclosure 12 is always wet with liquid even in this part 31 of the enclosure where the gas has accumulated incondensable.
- the cold source 28 can remains inactive and evaporator performance remain nominal.
- the porous wall of the enclosure 12 remains wetted with heat transfer liquid, even in the area 31 where the noncondensable gas and the vapor have accumulated.
- the source is activated cold 28 with Peltier effect to condense this vapor.
- Her cooling power obviously has to be compatible with power (very low, however) necessary for the condensation of the total mass flow of steam generated in enclosure 12 of the evaporator and arriving at the entrance of it.
- the typical cooling power to be installed for an ammonia evaporator is around a few watts.
- the invention allows achieve the goals set, namely achieve a evaporator capable of being arranged in parallel with others in a two-phase transfer loop thermal power, unlike the evaporator of the prior art shown in Figure 4.
- This the evaporator is also robust against the generation of noncondensable gas and vapor in the enclosure with a porous wall of the evaporator, unlike the evaporator of Figures 2 and 3.
- the connecting its input to a two-phase loop requires a simple flexible and non-rigid conduit, unlike that of the prior art evaporator shown in Figure 5, which facilitates integration of such a loop in small spaces and / or complex form, as found in space vehicle equipment.
- the invention is not limited to the mode described and depicted as an example. This is how the invention is not not limited to its implementation in circuits of thermal conditioning of vehicle equipment space and can also find applications in equipment operating on the ground.
- the evaporator according to the invention can be integrated into any type of diphasic capillary pumped loops, whatever the temperature level to regulate.
- the evaporator according to the invention can undergo a modification to facilitate its ground tests. Indeed, under these conditions, if the evaporator is arranged vertically with its outlet at the top, the gravity gathers the liquid in the lower part and the gases in the upper part, both in enclosure 12 and in the tube 22, the upper end of which is no longer supplied with heat transfer liquid, the latter then no longer watering the upper part of enclosure 12.
- a straight tube 33 with a wall full (as shown in broken lines in the figure) 6) in enclosure 12 so that the liquid entering this enclosure enters the helical tube by the end of this tube which is near the bottom of the enclosure. In this case, it is obviously the other end of the tube 22, close to the partition 25 which is bite.
- the heat transfer liquid entering the tube 22 sprinkles the wall of the enclosure, included at the level of a possible incondensable gas pocket such as that shown at 31 in FIG. 7.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Description
- la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'une boucle diphasique de transfert d'énergie comprenant des évaporateurs capillaires, décrite en préambule de la présente description,
- les figures 2 à 5 représentent des évaporateurs capillaires de la technique antérieure, également décrits en préambule de la présente description,
- la figure 6 est une représentation schématique d'une boucle diphasique comprenant au moins un évaporateur capillaire (en coupe axiale) suivant la présente invention, et
- les figures 7 à 9 sont des représentations schématiques de l'évaporateur capillaire suivant l'invention, analogues à celle de la figure 6 et utiles à la description de son fonctionnement.
Claims (9)
- Evaporateur capillaire pour boucle diphasique de transfert d'énergie entre une source chaude (A) et une source froide (B), du type qui comprend a) une enceinte (12) en un matériau poreux présentant une entrée pour un fluide caloporteur à l'état liquide, b) une enveloppe (9) dans laquelle est placée ladite enceinte (12) pour définir, autour de celle-ci, une chambre (15) de collection dudit fluide à l'état de vapeur, ladite enveloppe (9) présentant une sortie par laquelle s'évacue la vapeur recueillie par ladite chambre (15), évaporateur caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un tube (22) qui se développe dans tout l'espace (14) intérieur à l'enceinte (12) à paroi poreuse, à partir d'une extrémité (24) du tube constituant l'entrée de l'enceinte (12) en liquide caloporteur, ledit tube (22) étant percé sur toute sa longueur de trous (23) d'injection du liquide caloporteur dans la paroi de l'enceinte (12).
- Evaporateur conforme à la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une chambre (26) placée à l'entrée de l'enceinte (12) à paroi poreuse, cette chambre étant divisée en des premier (261, 262) et deuxième (263) compartiments par une cloison (25) en un matériau étanche, le fluide caloporteur entrant à l'état liquide dans le premier compartiment (261, 262) et pénétrant dans l'enceinte (12) par l'entrée (24) du tube troué (22), qui traverse ladite cloison (25) et le deuxième compartiment (263).
- Evaporateur conforme à la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit premier compartiment (261, 262) est subdivisé en des premier (261) et deuxième (262) sous-compartiments par une cloison (27) en matériau poreux, sensiblement parallèle à la cloison (25) en un matériau étanche, les entrées (10) du premier compartiment et du tube troué (22) étant situées de part et d'autre de ladite cloison (27) en matériau poreux.
- Evaporateur conforme à la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens (28) de condensation de vapeur du fluide caloporteur éventuellement présente dans le premier sous-compartiment (261).
- Evaporateur conforme à la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens (28) de condensation sont du type à effet Peltier.
- Evaporateur conforme à la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un drain thermique (29) entre lesdits moyens (28) de condensation et l'enveloppe (9) de l'évaporateur, cette enveloppe (9) étant constituée en un matériau bon conducteur de la chaleur.
- Evaporateur conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tube troué (22) est de forme hélicoïdale et se développe à proximité d'une face interne cylindrique de la paroi poreuse de l'enceinte (12), les trous (23) percés dans ledit tube (22) débouchant vers cette paroi et l'extrémité du tube (22) opposée à son extrémité d'entrée de fluide étant bouchée.
- Evaporateur conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le liquide pénétrant dans l'enceinte (12) traverse d'abord un tube (33) à paroi pleine raccordé par son autre extrémité au tube troué (22), au voisinage du fond de l'enceinte 12.
- Boucle diphasique de transfert d'énergie entre une source chaude et une source froide, comprenant au moins un évaporateur capillaire conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9610110A FR2752291B1 (fr) | 1996-08-12 | 1996-08-12 | Evaporateur capillaire pour boucle diphasique de transfert d'energie entre une source chaude et une source froide |
FR9610110 | 1996-08-12 | ||
PCT/FR1997/001470 WO1998006992A1 (fr) | 1996-08-12 | 1997-08-08 | Evaporateur capillaire pour boucle diphasique de transfert d'energie entre une source chaude et une source froide |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0855013A1 EP0855013A1 (fr) | 1998-07-29 |
EP0855013B1 true EP0855013B1 (fr) | 2001-02-21 |
Family
ID=9494993
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97936757A Expired - Lifetime EP0855013B1 (fr) | 1996-08-12 | 1997-08-08 | Evaporateur capillaire pour boucle diphasique de transfert d'energie entre une source chaude et une source froide |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6058711A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0855013B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH11514081A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2234403A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69704105T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2156398T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2752291B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998006992A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (52)
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JP3450148B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-07 | 2003-09-22 | 三菱電機株式会社 | ループ型ヒートパイプ |
FR2783313A1 (fr) * | 1998-09-15 | 2000-03-17 | Matra Marconi Space France | Dispositif de tranfert de chaleur |
JP2000241089A (ja) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-09-08 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 蒸発器、吸熱器、熱輸送システム及び熱輸送方法 |
KR100294317B1 (ko) * | 1999-06-04 | 2001-06-15 | 이정현 | 초소형 냉각 장치 |
US6189333B1 (en) * | 1999-07-26 | 2001-02-20 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Refrigerant filter for use in an automotive air conditioning system |
AU2001271574A1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-14 | Swales Aerospace | Phase control in the capillary evaporators |
US7549461B2 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2009-06-23 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Thermal management system |
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CN100449244C (zh) * | 2002-10-28 | 2009-01-07 | 斯沃勒斯联合公司 | 传热系统 |
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BRPI0416000B1 (pt) * | 2003-10-28 | 2019-10-15 | Swales & Associates, Inc. | Método para produzir um evaporador |
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AT507187B1 (de) | 2008-10-23 | 2010-03-15 | Helmut Dr Buchberger | Inhalator |
JP5676205B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-26 | 2015-02-25 | 株式会社 正和 | ループ型ヒートパイプおよびその製造方法 |
CN102032821A (zh) * | 2010-11-17 | 2011-04-27 | 上海彩耀新能源投资发展有限公司 | 环路热管散热装置 |
AT510837B1 (de) | 2011-07-27 | 2012-07-15 | Helmut Dr Buchberger | Inhalatorkomponente |
CN103491815B (zh) | 2011-02-11 | 2016-01-20 | 巴特马克有限公司 | 吸入器组件 |
BR112014004818B1 (pt) | 2011-09-06 | 2021-01-05 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited. | aparelho para aquecer material fumável e método para aquecer material fumável |
KR102196913B1 (ko) | 2011-09-06 | 2020-12-30 | 니코벤처스 트레이딩 리미티드 | 가열식 흡연가능 재료 |
FR2979981B1 (fr) * | 2011-09-14 | 2016-09-09 | Euro Heat Pipes | Dispositif de transport de chaleur a pompage capillaire |
JP5741354B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-29 | 2015-07-01 | 富士通株式会社 | ループ型ヒートパイプ及び電子機器 |
GB201207039D0 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2012-06-06 | British American Tobacco Co | Heating smokeable material |
WO2014102402A1 (fr) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-03 | Ibérica Del Espacio, S.A. | Système de boucle fluide diphasique de type lhp pour la transmission de chaleur et la régulation thermique |
GB201407426D0 (en) | 2014-04-28 | 2014-06-11 | Batmark Ltd | Aerosol forming component |
GB2533135B (en) | 2014-12-11 | 2020-11-11 | Nicoventures Holdings Ltd | Aerosol provision systems |
GB201511349D0 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2015-08-12 | Nicoventures Holdings Ltd | Electronic aerosol provision systems |
US20170055584A1 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-02 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material |
US11924930B2 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2024-03-05 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material |
AU2017256084B2 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2020-09-24 | Nicoventures Trading Limited | Electronic aerosol provision system and vaporizer therefor |
US10948238B2 (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2021-03-16 | Roccor, Llc | Two-phase thermal management devices, systems, and methods |
CN108089618B (zh) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-18 | 北京空间机电研究所 | 一种航天光学遥感器节能型控温环路热管装置 |
JP7390252B2 (ja) | 2020-05-12 | 2023-12-01 | 新光電気工業株式会社 | ループ型ヒートパイプ |
US20240044582A1 (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2024-02-08 | ShengRongYuan(Suzhou) Technology Co., Ltd | Thin-plate loop heat pipe |
CN113446888B (zh) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-05-20 | 华中科技大学 | 适用于长距离热传输的多蒸发器平板式环路热管系统 |
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US4352392A (en) * | 1980-12-24 | 1982-10-05 | Thermacore, Inc. | Mechanically assisted evaporator surface |
US4467861A (en) * | 1982-10-04 | 1984-08-28 | Otdel Fiziko-Tekhnicheskikh Problem Energetiki Uralskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra Akademii Nauk Sssr | Heat-transporting device |
DE3431240A1 (de) * | 1984-08-24 | 1986-03-06 | Michael 4150 Krefeld Laumen | Kaeltemaschine bzw. waermepumpe sowie strahlpumpe hierfuer |
DE3526574C1 (de) * | 1985-07-25 | 1987-03-26 | Dornier System Gmbh | Kapillarunterstuetzter Verdampfer |
US4791634A (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1988-12-13 | Spectra-Physics, Inc. | Capillary heat pipe cooled diode pumped slab laser |
DE3810128C1 (fr) * | 1988-03-25 | 1989-09-07 | Erno Raumfahrttechnik Gmbh, 2800 Bremen, De | |
US4869313A (en) * | 1988-07-15 | 1989-09-26 | General Electric Company | Low pressure drop condenser/evaporator pump heat exchanger |
US4957157A (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1990-09-18 | General Electric Co. | Two-phase thermal control system with a spherical wicked reservoir |
FR2723187B1 (fr) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-09-27 | Centre Nat Etd Spatiales | Systeme de transfert d'energie entre une source chaude et une source froide |
US5725049A (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1998-03-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Capillary pumped loop body heat exchanger |
-
1996
- 1996-08-12 FR FR9610110A patent/FR2752291B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-08-08 JP JP10509452A patent/JPH11514081A/ja active Pending
- 1997-08-08 CA CA002234403A patent/CA2234403A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1997-08-08 EP EP97936757A patent/EP0855013B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-08 DE DE69704105T patent/DE69704105T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-08 ES ES97936757T patent/ES2156398T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-08-08 WO PCT/FR1997/001470 patent/WO1998006992A1/fr active IP Right Grant
-
1998
- 1998-04-10 US US09/058,516 patent/US6058711A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2752291A1 (fr) | 1998-02-13 |
JPH11514081A (ja) | 1999-11-30 |
EP0855013A1 (fr) | 1998-07-29 |
FR2752291B1 (fr) | 1998-09-25 |
DE69704105D1 (de) | 2001-03-29 |
DE69704105T2 (de) | 2001-08-02 |
CA2234403A1 (fr) | 1998-02-19 |
US6058711A (en) | 2000-05-09 |
ES2156398T3 (es) | 2001-06-16 |
WO1998006992A1 (fr) | 1998-02-19 |
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