EP0853214B1 - Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Überhitzen von Dampf - Google Patents
Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Überhitzen von Dampf Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0853214B1 EP0853214B1 EP97122697A EP97122697A EP0853214B1 EP 0853214 B1 EP0853214 B1 EP 0853214B1 EP 97122697 A EP97122697 A EP 97122697A EP 97122697 A EP97122697 A EP 97122697A EP 0853214 B1 EP0853214 B1 EP 0853214B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- rotation
- axis
- chamber
- outlet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
- F01K3/002—Steam conversion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
- F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
- F22G1/10—Steam superheating characterised by heating method with provision for superheating by throttling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for Overheating of steam, such as in the field of Power generation can be used to power the one Power plant to convert saturated steam into superheated steam.
- DE 38 36 461 A1 describes a low-temperature steam generator known, which has a standing cylindrical housing, through a horizontal partition into an upper and is divided into a lower chamber.
- a hot, forming a rotational flow, optionally liquid containing steam In the upper chamber flows a hot, forming a rotational flow, optionally liquid containing steam.
- This flows through an opening in the partition into the lower chamber and is accelerated.
- the Pressure in the liquid and steam is generated, which is discharged vertically upwards from the upper chamber.
- the Liquid leaves the chamber from the lower chamber.
- the steam generated is not available as superheated steam.
- DE 43 43 088 A1 discloses a condensation vortex tube for Drying, separation and overheating of saturated vapors known.
- a specially shaped swirl tube is used Ranque and Hilsch using the gravity of the earth thermal and phase separation of saturated or damp vapors are used.
- the object of the present invention is a method as well to provide a device for superheating steam.
- the advantage of this method is that the effect namely the overheating of steam, due to physical Changes in the state of steam without external energy sources is achieved.
- the steam expands into kinetic energy of the rotational flow the steam, causing both the pressure and the The temperature of the steam drops. Because of the then available lower temperature condenses giving up the heat of condensation Liquid from the vapor and forms it Condensate.
- the condensate is from the residual steam, i.e. the proportion of Steam that has not condensed out as a result of the rotational flow centrifuged, i.e. separated, and then discharged radially outwards.
- the residual moisture of the residual steam i.e. the proportion of the liquid in this residual or wet vapor, the lower the speed of rotation, the lower the speed the rotational flow is.
- An increase in Rotation speed is easily determined by a Reduction of the flow cross section achieved. As a flow cross section is aligned perpendicular to the axis of rotation Designated area. After removing the condensate the kinetic energy of the residual vapor is reduced its speed is converted back into pressure energy. This is preferred by increasing the Flow cross section reached.
- the temperature and Pressure of the residual steam Because the residual steam is the previous one heat of condensation no longer absorbed in the meantime separated condensate can escape, is the residual steam overheated, i.e. it is available as superheated steam. Essentially the temperature of the superheated steam generated is all the higher the more complete the conversion of pressure energy into kinetic Energy and the smaller the residual moisture of the residual steam is before its speed to convert to pressure energy is reduced again.
- the Steam for the formation of the rotational flow in a chamber a tangentially to their jacket and approximately perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotational flow.
- the steam flows through the chamber in the direction of this axis of rotation, i.e. in the axial flow direction.
- the steam enters a chamber, preferably is rotationally symmetrical, the structure of a rotational flow and the conversion of pressure into kinetic energy supported.
- the chamber is preferably simple and largely constructed free of interior structures.
- the simple structure ensures one safe and reliable management.
- inlet tangential to the shell of the chamber and arranged substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
- the first Outlet tangential and substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation and in the direction of the tangential flow component the rotational flow on the jacket of the chamber in the direction of Rotational flow arranged.
- the rotation flow loses their kinetic energy, reducing pressure and temperature of the residual steam is increased again and superheated steam is formed becomes.
- the second outlet is further from the Axis of rotation spaced as the inlet.
- the second Outlet a check valve, such as a check valve or a check valve is arranged.
- a check valve ensures that the centrifuged Condensate from the device automatically, for example be returned to a reactor pressure vessel can.
- the check valve ensures that the in a reactor pressure vessel of a boiling water reactor system coolant under a pressure of 70 bar is not can flow back into the facility.
- the check valve then builds up in the entrance area with increasing Amount of condensate a pressure on that essentially on the thickness of those forming at the edge of the entrance area Condensate layer depends. If this internal pressure exceeds the pressure in the reactor pressure vessel, the non-return valve opens and the condensate can flow into the reactor pressure vessel.
- the check valve closes automatically as soon as the internal pressure due to the decrease in the thickness of the condensate layer again less than that existing in the reactor pressure vessel Pressure is.
- the device for overheating Steam v a chamber 2.
- the chamber 2 comprises an entry area 4, a transition area 6 and an exit area 8.
- the chamber 2 is rotationally symmetrical about one Rotation axis, for example, it is cylindrical. Instead of a circular cross section of a cylindrical chamber 2, an elliptical cross section of the chamber 2 is also possible.
- the chamber 2 is on the side of the entry area 4 from a first end face 10 and on the exit area side 8 from a second end face 12, and from one Jacket 14, the entrance area 4, transition area 6 and includes the exit area 8, limited.
- an inlet 16 is arranged through which a fluid, in particular Steam v with predominantly tangential flow direction enters chamber 2.
- the chamber 2 is along it Rotation axis 9 from the steam v towards the exit area 8 flowable.
- In the exit area 8 there is a first one Outlet 20 is arranged through which the vapor v, which in the outlet area 8 is present as superheated steam, again from the chamber 2 can emerge.
- the chamber 2 has in the transition area 6, between the Entry area 4 and exit area 8 is arranged, a cross-sectional narrowing.
- the cross-sectional narrowing formed by an annular pinhole 21, which is arranged perpendicular to and on the jacket 14 and in the environment to the axis of rotation 9 an opening for flow of the steam v releases. Because of this barrier decreased along the axis of rotation 9 from the steam v Flowable cross-sectional area in the transition area 6.
- the radius r1 of the entry area 4 is reduced to the radius r2 of the transition area 6.
- the chamber 2 widens in the outlet area 8 a radius r4.
- In the entry area 4 is in addition to the Inlet 16 arranged a second outlet 22.
- the inlet 16 is arranged closer to the axis of rotation 9 than the second outlet 22.
- the distance r5 between the axis of rotation 9 and the inlet 16 is thus smaller than the distance r6 between the axis of rotation 9 and the second outlet 22.
- the inlet 16 is in the entry area 4 near the first End face 10 arranged.
- the inlet 16 advantageously tangential to the jacket 14 of the Chamber 2 arranged.
- the inlet 16 is like this arranged that the incoming steam v along the jacket 14, essentially perpendicular to the axis of rotation 9 forming a rotational or swirl flow in the Chamber 2 flows in a circular manner, for example.
- the rotation or Circulation flow of steam v is an axial flow component along the axis of rotation 9 towards the exit area 8 overlaid.
- the flow therefore points next to the rotating one Share, the rotational flow, also a share with an axial flow direction 24 that is essentially along the axis of rotation 9 from the entry area 4 in the exit area 8 runs.
- the axis of rotation 9 of the Chamber 2 is largely identical to the axis of rotation 9 the rotational flow of the steam v.
- To build to facilitate the rotational flow is the first face 10 beveled towards the jacket 14 or rounded.
- the second outlet 22 is used to remove centrifuged Condensate c. It is preferably directly on the jacket 14 in the entry area 4 arranged. It is particularly beneficial this second outlet 22 also tangential to the jacket 14 to be arranged in such a way that the second outlet 22 in the direction the tangential flow component, i.e. in the direction the rotational flow is arranged. In other words, that centrifuged condensate c, which is the same direction of rotation as the rotating steam has v, flows onto an opening of the second outlet 22 so that the kinetic energy the flow largely in pressure, namely in the form of a dynamic pressure is converted.
- the second outlet 22 for example, extend into the chamber 2 as a tube.
- the first outlet 20 is used to discharge the hot steam generated.
- the jacket 14 Chamber 2 It is also preferably tangential to the jacket 14 Chamber 2 and just like the second outlet 22 in the direction of Rotational flow arranged.
- the shape of the first as well as the second outlet 22 is largely freely selectable.
- the two Outlets can be circular, oval, rectangular, for example or also have slit-shaped outlet openings.
- the two outlets for example one or more into the chamber 2 extending pipes are formed. Number and structure of the two outlets 20, 22 can differ.
- the pressure and the The temperature of the vapor v is further reduced and it collects even more condensate c on the jacket 14.
- the condensate c remains due to that formed by the transition region 6 Barrier in entry area 4 and the non-condensed one Steam v, the residual steam, flows with a low humidity, i.e. contaminated with a small amount of liquid the exit area 8.
- the condensate c is led out of the chamber 2 via the second outlet 22.
- the second outlet 22 can initially be closed in order to build up a pressure in the condensate c.
- a rotating condensate layer 26 with the thickness ⁇ s forms in the chamber 2.
- the rotating condensate layer has a radius r3. Due to the centrifugal forces due to the rotational flow, a static pressure is generally formed at a radius r.
- the constriction of the chamber 2 for narrowing the cross section and thus increasing the speed of rotation is special advantageous. Deviating from this, it is also possible to Constriction only as a barrier to the condensate c, so that the centrifuged condensate c does not enter the Exit area 8 can cross. This also serves the purpose a kind of condensate trough or condensate trough in the entrance area 4th
- the cross-sectional change of the chamber 2 in the direction of the axial Flow to change the rotational speed for conversion the kinetic energy in pressure energy and vice versa is also particularly advantageous.
- the conversion of the kinetic energy in pressure energy in the outlet area 8 can instead of increasing the cross-sectional area but also by the suitable tangential arrangement of the first Outlet 20 reached in the direction of the rotational flow become.
- the steam v leaves the turbine 42 and becomes a result of heat exchange processes cooled by the cooling water circuit 48, so that the steam v fully condenses and the reactor pressure vessel 34 as cooling liquid 1 via the inlet connection 48 can be fed again. That in chamber 2 condensed c is condensed to the reactor pressure vessel 34 also supplied as cooling liquid 1. However, at one Backflow of the cooling liquid 1 from the reactor pressure vessel To prevent 34 in the chamber 2 is in the second outlet 22 a check valve, in particular a check valve 50, arranged.
- the check valve 50 As long as the pressure of the coolant 1 in the reactor pressure vessel 34 the pressure of the condensate c in the condensate layer 26 in the chamber 2, the check valve 50 is closed.
- the Thickness ⁇ s of the condensate layer 26, which causes the pressure in it Condensate layer 26 is increased according to the above equation. exceeds this pressure that prevailing in the reactor pressure vessel 34 Pressure, the check valve 50 opens automatically, and the condensate c can be used as cooling liquid 1 in the reactor pressure vessel 34 stream. This reduces the thickness ⁇ s the condensate layer 26 and the pressure prevailing there, the Internal pressure decreases again until it drops below that in the reactor pressure vessel 34 prevailing pressure, the external pressure, falls.
- the chamber 2 can also be completely inside of the reactor pressure vessel 34 and the first Outlet 20 connected to turbine 42 via a steam line become. This eliminates the need for a special return line for the separated condensate and the design of chamber 2 for the full operating or accident pressure.
- FIG. 4 is a section of a Mollier enthalpy (h) entropy (s) diagram outlined. On the ordinate is the enthalpy h in kJ / kg and the specific one on the abscissa Entropy s given in kJ / (Kg * K).
- the solid ones Lines in this diagram are isobars that are dashed Lines are isotherms and the dash-dotted lines are Curves along which the steam content x is constant.
- vapor content x 1 means that none condensed out in the steam Drops of liquid.
- a steam content x of 0.6 means however, that there is a liquid-vapor mixture, the mass fraction of the vapor being 60% and that of the liquid Is 40%.
- There is saturated steam along the curve with x 1 in front.
- Below this curve, i.e. with a steam content x ⁇ 1, is wet steam and above the saturated steam line x 1 there is superheated steam.
- the arrows between the Points 1-4 give the individual physical changes in state which are explained in more detail below:
- phase separation takes place in the Mollier diagram along an isobar.
- the Steam v which passes into the outlet area 8, is therefore in the above conditions by point 3 in the Mollier diagram Are defined.
- the steam occurs v thereby from the wet steam area (x ⁇ 1) into the hot steam area about.
- the steam reaches a temperature of 380 ° C at a pressure of about 31 bar.
- the steam is about 95 ° K warmer than that in the reactor pressure vessel generated saturated steam.
- the pressure has risen from 70 bar less than half, namely 31 bar reduced. Based to this 31 bar the superheat of the steam v is approximately 144 K.
- index 0 refers to the state of the steam v in the reactor pressure vessel
- index 3 refers to the condition of the steam v before it passes into the outlet area 6 and corresponds to the state of the steam in point 3 of the Mollier diagram
- index c denotes the corresponding ones Sizes for the condensate c in the inlet area 4 and designated the respective mass.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Soy Sauces And Products Related Thereto (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
- FIG 1
- eine Einrichtung zum Überhitzen von Dampf gemäß der Erfindung in einem schematischen Schnitt entlang der Rotationsachse.
- FIG 2
- eine alternative Ausführungsform der Einrichtung ebenfalls in einem schematischen Schnitt entlang der Rotationsachse.
- FIG 3
- einen Ausschnitt aus dem Dampf-Wasser-Kreislauf eines Siedewasserreaktors in einem schematischen Schaubild.
- FIG 4
- ein Mollier-Diagramm, in dem die physikalischen Vorgänge des Verfahrens gemäß der Erfindung skizziert sind.
Claims (14)
- Verfahren zum Überhitzen von Dampf (v), bei dema) die Druckenergie des Dampfes (v) zumindest teilweise in eine Rotationsströmung um eine Rotationsachse (9) und in eine der Rotationsströmung überlagerte axiale Strömung in Richtung der Rotationsachse (9) umgewandelt wird,b) die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit des Dampfes (v) in Richtung der Rotationsachse (9) durch eine Verkleinerung des Strömungsquerschnitts erhöht wird, wobei Kondensat (c) und Restdampf erzeugt wird,c) das Kondensat (c) in einem Eintrittsbereich (4) vor der Verkleinerung des Strömungsquerschnitts von dem Restdampf getrennt und im wesentlichen radial nach außen abgeführt wird,d) der Restdampf in Richtung der Rotationsachse (9) weitergeleitet, seine Rotationsgeschwindigkeit erniedrigt und der Restdampf dabei überhitzt und in Heißdampf umgewandelt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Dampf (v) zur Ausbildung der Rotationsströmung in eine Kammer (2) tangential zu deren Mantel(14) und annähernd senkrecht zur Rotationsachse (9) eintritt und der Dampf (v) die Kammer (2) in Richtung der Rotationsachse (9) durchströmt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem das Kondensat (c) vom Mantel (14) abgeführt und gegebenenfalls zuvor am Mantel (14) der Kammer (2) gesammelt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem in einem Reaktordruckbehälter (34) einer Siedewasser-Reaktoranlage erzeugter Sattdampf in Heißdampf umgewandelt wird.
- Einrichtung zum Überhitzen von Dampf (v) mit einer im wesentlichen rotationssymetrisch ausgebildeten Kammer (2),a) die sich in Richtung einer Rotationsachse (9) erstreckt,b) die einen Eintrittsbereich (4) zur zumindest teilweisen Umwandlung der Druckenergie des Dampfes (v) in kinetische Energie des Dampfes (v) sowie zur Trennung eines dabei auskondensierten Kondensats (c) vom verbliebenen Restdampf aufweist, und bei der im Eintrittsbereich (4) ein Einlaß (16) derart angeordnet ist, daß sich im Eintrittsbereich (4) eine Rotationsströmung ausbildet,c) die einen Übergangsbereich (6) zum Erhöhen der kinetischen Energie aufweist, der sich an den Eintrittsbereich (4) anschließt und dessen Querschnittsfläche kleiner ist als die des Eintrittsbereichs (4),d) die einen dem Übergangsbereich (6) nachfolgenden Austrittsbereich (8) zum Verringern der kinetischen Energie des Restdampfes und zur Umwandlung des Restdampfes in Heißdampf aufweist, dessen Querschnittsfläche größer ist als die des Übergangsbereichs (6),e) bei der der Austrittsbereich (8) einen ersten Auslaß (20) für den Heißdampf und der Eintrittsbereich (4) einen zweiten Auslaß (22) für das Kondensat (c) aufweist, welcher radial von der Rotationsachse (9) beabstandet ist.
- Einrichtung nach Anspruch 5, bei der die Kammer (2) weitgehend frei von Innenbauten ist.
- Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, bei der der Einlaß (16) im Eintrittsbereich (4) tangential zum Mantel (14) der Kammer (2) und im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Rotationsachse (9) angeordnet ist.
- Einrichtung nach Anspruch 7, bei der der Einlaß (16) im Eintrittsbereich (4) als Düse ausgebildet ist.
- Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, bei der der erste Auslaß (20) tangential und im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Rotationsachse (9) und in Richtung der Rotationsströmung am Mantel (14) der Kammer (2) angeordnet ist.
- Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, bei der der zweite Auslaß (22) tangential zum Mantel (14) der Kammer (2) und im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Rotationsachse (9) angeordnet ist.
- Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, bei der der zweite Auslaß (22) in Strömungsrichtung der Rotationsströmung angeordnet ist.
- Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 11, bei der der zweite Auslaß (22) von der Rotationsachse (9) weiter beabstandet ist als der Einlaß (16).
- Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 12, bei der im zweiten Auslaß (22) eine Rückschlagarmatur (50) angeordnet ist.
- Verwendung einer Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 13 in einem Kernkraftwerk, insbesondere in einem Kernkraftwerk mit Siedewasserreaktor zur Umformung eines Sattdampfes in Heißdampf und in Kondensat (c).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19700652 | 1997-01-10 | ||
DE19700652 | 1997-01-10 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0853214A2 EP0853214A2 (de) | 1998-07-15 |
EP0853214A3 EP0853214A3 (de) | 2000-12-06 |
EP0853214B1 true EP0853214B1 (de) | 2004-03-10 |
Family
ID=7817122
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97122697A Expired - Lifetime EP0853214B1 (de) | 1997-01-10 | 1997-12-22 | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Überhitzen von Dampf |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5996350A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0853214B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE261567T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59711396D1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1775429A1 (de) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Aufwärmen einer Dampfturbine |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE151464C (de) | ||||
GB245817A (en) * | 1924-10-03 | 1926-01-04 | Fay Harry Rosencrants | Improvements in or relating to steam power plants |
CH579234A5 (de) * | 1974-06-06 | 1976-08-31 | Sulzer Ag | |
US4526006A (en) * | 1979-11-23 | 1985-07-02 | Anthony George M | Heat transfer method and apparatus |
DE3240453A1 (de) * | 1982-11-02 | 1984-05-03 | Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim | Dampfturbinenkondensator mit mindestens einer in den dampfdom einmuendenden umleitdampfeinfuehrung |
EP0110101B1 (de) * | 1982-11-24 | 1987-09-02 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Sattdampfturbinenanlage |
DE3836461C2 (de) | 1988-10-26 | 1998-07-02 | Ruhrgas Ag | Niedertemperatur-Dampferzeuger |
DE4343088A1 (de) * | 1993-12-18 | 1995-06-22 | Keller Juergen U Univ Prof Dr | Kondensationswirbelrohr |
-
1997
- 1997-12-22 AT AT97122697T patent/ATE261567T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-12-22 DE DE59711396T patent/DE59711396D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-12-22 EP EP97122697A patent/EP0853214B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-01-12 US US09/005,698 patent/US5996350A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0853214A2 (de) | 1998-07-15 |
DE59711396D1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
EP0853214A3 (de) | 2000-12-06 |
ATE261567T1 (de) | 2004-03-15 |
US5996350A (en) | 1999-12-07 |
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