EP0844626B1 - Transformer - Google Patents

Transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0844626B1
EP0844626B1 EP97919797A EP97919797A EP0844626B1 EP 0844626 B1 EP0844626 B1 EP 0844626B1 EP 97919797 A EP97919797 A EP 97919797A EP 97919797 A EP97919797 A EP 97919797A EP 0844626 B1 EP0844626 B1 EP 0844626B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
sections
section
windings
wound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97919797A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0844626A4 (en
EP0844626A1 (en
Inventor
Gennady Alexandrovich Markov
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from RU96106791A external-priority patent/RU2119204C1/ru
Priority claimed from RU97101702A external-priority patent/RU2119205C1/ru
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0844626A1 publication Critical patent/EP0844626A1/en
Publication of EP0844626A4 publication Critical patent/EP0844626A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0844626B1 publication Critical patent/EP0844626B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
    • H01F30/10—Single-phase transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
    • H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and concerns the basic electrical engineering equipment of electric power stations, substations, power lines, in radio engineering, in devices for measuring, automatic control and regulation.
  • Transformers are electromagnetic static converters of electrical energy which have two or more inductively coupled windings and are designed for the conversion of an alternating (sinusoidal) current of one voltage into an alternating current of another voltage with the same frequency.
  • transformers can be divided into power, welding, measuring and special transformers.
  • Transformers have two basic parts: a magnetic circuit and windings. Furthermore, high-power transformers have a cooling system.
  • the magnetic circuit is the structural base for mounting and fixing windings, taps and other elements of a transformer, and serve for amplification of the magnetic coupling between the windings.
  • the part of the magnetic circuit on which the windings are arranged is called the core, the remaining part, closing the magnetic circuit, is called the yoke.
  • the windings of a transformer serve to create a magnetic field by means of which electrical power is delivered.
  • the winding of the transformer to which electrical power is applied is called the primary winding, while the winding from which power is taken is called the secondary winding.
  • Known inventions are concerned with the creation of special transformers or with changes of particular structural elements of the transformer: realization of magnetic circuits from certain materials and their structural appearance, connection of magnetic circuits to each other where there is an n number of magnetic circuits, use of different types of insulation and cooling systems, realization of the windings, additional elements in order to enhance noise immunity.
  • a transformer is known for vehicles [PCT (WO), 93/14508 ].
  • the small-size light transformer comprises a shell-type iron core on which inductively coupled input and output windings are wound.
  • a magnetic element with an air gap is provided between the input and output windings, while a magnetic element creating strong magnetic coupling is located between the output windings.
  • the element is disposed in a gap 5d surrounded by the core and consists of a magnetic circuit without gaps and an insulating plate holding the magnetic circuit and insulating it from the core and windings.
  • a transformer is known [ PCT (WO), 93/16479 ], in which the core is made from ferromagnetic wire.
  • a spirally wound core from ferromagnetic wire is proposed.
  • the core is used in a differential current sensor in a switch to open a circuit, which operates when there is a short circuit to ground.
  • the ferromagnetic wire is wound in a spiral, the turns of which are parallel to each other and extend over the whole length of the core.
  • the latter is positioned near current lines, with monitoring of a short circuit therein, wherein both lines are connected to a power source.
  • the currents in them flow in opposite directions.
  • the core interacts with a magnetic field created by those currents. Where a ferromagnetic wire is used, it is possible to substantially increase the surface area of the core without increasing its cross section, and consequently, size.
  • a transformer is known [ RU, C1, 2041514 ] consisting of one or several strip cores made from a magnetic alloy comprising silicon, boron, iron and several windings inductively coupled to the core, wherein the magnetic alloy additionally comprises copper and one or several components selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, and vanadium, with the following ratio of alloy components, atom percent: copper - 0.5-2.0; one or several components from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium - 2-5; silicon - 5-18; boron - 4-12; iron - balance.
  • a transformer is known [ PCT (WO), 93/18529 ] comprising 3 or 4 types of insulation units with one winding. Transformers of this type are easily assembled with small expenditure of time.
  • a current transformer with strip insulation is known [ RU, C1, 2046425 ] comprising a single-turn or multiturn primary winding and secondary windings which are placed in a damping screen and have terminals. Wherein the aforesaid windings are secured by means of insertion support and connecting bushings and are covered with epoxy compounds.
  • the transformer is additionally provided with insulation bushings, a screen which is placed on the primary winding, and support clamps. Insulation bushings are mounted in semi-oval slots of the clamps, the damping screen is made open and consists of two parts, with an insulating pad mounted in the gap between the two parts, and the insertion support bushings are mounted on the insulating bushings in a manner adaptable for securing the damping screen.
  • a high-voltage transformer is known [ RU, C1, 2035776 ] comprising a porcelain housing mounted on a socket on which an active portion enclosed in the housing is positioned on compressing posts.
  • the active portion consists of a mixed rectangular magnetic circuit with yokes, upper and lower horizontal cores on which windings are positioned.
  • the transformer is provided with additional screens - a middle one, upper and lower ones, and a capacitive screen.
  • a winding for a high-voltage transformer is known [ PCT (WO), 93/18528 ].
  • a connecting element is secured to the conductive portion of the winding to enhance its mechanical properties, and a second connecting element is connected to the aforesaid connecting element by means of insulating elements.
  • Such a winding can be used as a low-voltage winding with a small number of turns in dry transformers with a resin poured over them.
  • a heavy-current transformer comprising a primary winding disposed on a toroidal core and a secondary winding encompassing the primary winding.
  • the secondary winding is made by a bundle of flexible conductors placed in the inner cavity of the torus in N sections, and from the outer side of the torus in N-1 sections, where N is the number of turns of the secondary winding, wherein the bundle is arranged in one or more layers on the outer side of the torus.
  • US-A-3,657,678 is a closed-loop core of laminated transformer iron, with at least two legs and at least three coils; all coils are electrically separated from each other and the core and can be connected in a variety of ways; at least one coil encircles at least two coils each of the latter of which encircles a respective one of said legs; provision of at least one magnetic shunt member having its opposite ends abutting said core.
  • At the base of the invention lies the object of creating such a transformer in which the possibility of winding the secondary winding with wire, including wire with a cross-section equal to the cross-section of the primary winding, is realized, reduction of the number of turns in the secondary winding of high-voltage transformers and expansion of the number of variants of existing transformers are attained.
  • a construction of a transformer which comprises a magnetic circuit, at least two windings, inlets for a power supply, outlets for a load, wherein the primary winding consists of two sections with an identical number of turns, the sections being connected to each other in a series circuit by one ends of the windings and providing mutual compensation of magnetic fluxes under electric current supplied to the other ends of the sections of the primary winding, wherein the place of connection of the ends of the windings serves as an outlet for the load.
  • An embodiment is proposed in which the two sections of a primary winding are wound in one direction on one core of the magnetic circuit, the sections are connected in a series circuit by connection of the outs of the windings, and the point of their connection serves as an outlet for the load, while the ins of the windings of the sections serve as inlets for the power supply.
  • two sections of the primary winding are wound in one direction on one core of the magnetic circuit, the outs of the windings of the sections are connected in a series circuit, while the ins of the section windings serve as inlets for the power supply.
  • the secondary winding may be wound on the same core of the magnetic circuit, over the sections of the primary winding.
  • two sections of the primary winding are wound in opposing directions on one core of the magnetic circuit, the out of the winding of the first section and the in of the winding of the second section are connected to each other in a series circuit, while the in of the winding of the first section and the out of the winding of the second section serve as inlets for the power supply.
  • the secondary winding may be wound on the same core of the magnetic circuit over the sections of the primary winding.
  • both sections of the primary winding are wound in one direction on two cores of one magnetic circuit, the out of the winding of the first section and the in of the winding of the second section are connected to each other in a series circuit, while the in of the winding of the first section and the out of the winding of the second section serve as inlets for the power supply.
  • the secondary winding may be wound on both sections of the primary winding, encompassing both cores of the magnetic circuit.
  • both sections of the primary winding are wound in opposing directions on two cores of one magnetic circuit, the outs of the windings of the sections are connected to each other in a series circuit, while the ins of the windings of the sections serve as inlets for the power supply.
  • the secondary winding may be wound on both sections of the primary winding, encompassing both cores of the magnetic circuit.
  • both sections of the primary winding are wound in one direction on two cores of one magnetic circuit, wherein the in of the winding of the first section is connected to the out of the winding of the second section, the out of the winding of the first section is connected to the in of the winding of the second section, the points of their connection serve as inlets for the power supply.
  • the secondary winding may be wound on both sections of the primary winding, encompassing both cores of the magnetic circuit.
  • the two sections of the primary winding are wound in opposing directions on two cores of one magnetic circuit, both sections are connected to each other by connection of the ins and outs thereof respectively, and the points of their connection serve as inlets for the power supply.
  • the secondary winding may be wound on both sections of the primary winding, encompassing both cores of the magnetic circuit.
  • sections of the primary winding are wound and connected to each other in such a manner that the magnetic flux created by one of such sections during operation of the transformer compensates the magnetic flux created by the other section of the primary winding.
  • a current i o will flow therealong.
  • the magnetomotive force of one section of the winding i o w 1 due to the current i o creates an alternating magnetic flux F 1 in the magnetic circuit of the transformer.
  • a magnetomotive force i o w 2 which is equal to the mmf of the first section i o w 1 , appears in the second section of the winding. Since the sections are connected to each other in a series circuit, the alternating magnetic flux F 2 appearing in the second section of the primary winding and directed counter to the magnetic flux F 1 will compensate the magnetic flux of the first section F 1 .
  • both windings are wound in opposing directions with an identical number of turns, but are connected to each other in a series circuit by opposing leads (the out of the winding of the first section and the in of the winding of the second section), the magnetic flux in the primary winding i o will also be equal to zero, i.e. the same technical result can be attained as in the case where the windings of both sections are wound in one direction.
  • R H is connected to the secondary winding, the form of the voltage does not change.
  • the output voltage depends on an increase of the number of turns in the secondary winding as compared with the number of turns in the primary winding.
  • a transformer in accordance with the invention (according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 ) comprises a magnetic circuit 1, a first section 2 of a primary winding, a second section 3 of the primary winding, a 1 and x 1 - the in and out of the winding of the first section, a 2 and x 2 - the in and out of the winding of the second section of the primary winding, R H1 - the resistance of a load connected to the first section, R H2 - the resistance of a load connected to the second section of the primary winding.
  • the two sections of the primary winding are wound on the magnetic circuit 1: the first section 2, the second section 3 thereon in one direction, and they have an identical number of turns.
  • the outs x 1 and x 2 of the windings are connected to each other in a series circuit, while the ins a 1 and a 2 of the windings are separately connected to a power supply.
  • a load resistance is connected parallel to each section of the winding: R H1 in the path of the current from the power supply to the first section of the winding and to the point of connection of the windings of the sections, and R H2 correspondingly to the second section of the primary winding.
  • a transformer in accordance with the invention according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is made similar to the transformer according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 .
  • a distinction is in the presence of secondary winding 4, which is wound in a third layer on the sections 2 and 3 of the primary winding on the same core of the magnetic circuit 1.
  • a and X designate the inlet and outlet (in and out of the phase) of the secondary winding, R H - the resistance of the load connected to the leads A and X of the secondary winding.
  • a transformer in accordance with the invention according to the embodiment according to Fig. 3 is made similar to the transformer according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 .
  • a distinction is that the sections of the primary winding are wound in opposing directions.
  • the out of the winding of the first section x 1 and the in of the winding of the second section a 2 are connected to each other in a series circuit, the other leads of the sections a 1 and x 2 serve as inlets for the power supply.
  • a transformer in accordance with the invention according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 is made similar to the transformer according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 .
  • a distinction is that the sections of the primary winding 2 and 3 are wound on two cores of the magnetic circuit 1.
  • the sections are connected to each other via opposite leads - the out of the winding of the first section and the in of the winding of the second section.
  • Secondary winding 4 is wound on both sections of the primary winding and encompasses both cores of the magnetic circuit.
  • a transformer in accordance with the invention according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 is made similar to the transformer according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 .
  • a distinction is that the two sections of the primary winding are wound in opposing directions, the outs x 1 and x 2 of the windings of the sections are connected to each other in a series circuit, while the ins a 1 and a 2 of the windings of the sections serve as inlets for the power supply.
  • a transformer according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 6 in accordance with the invention, is made similar to the transformer according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 .
  • a transformer according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 in accordance with the invention, is made similar to the transformer according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 6 .
  • the ins a 1 and a 2 of the windings of sections 2 and 3 are separately connected to a power supply U, the outs x 1 and x 2 of the windings of those same sections are connected to each other in a series circuit.
  • a current i flows through the windings of those sections, this current causing the occurrence of a magnetomotive force mmf in each section of the winding which is equal to iw.
  • the load resistance R H1 is connected in the path of the current i from the power supply U to the first section 2 of the winding and to the point of connection of the outs of the sections, the load resistance R H2 is connected accordingly to the second section 3 of the winding.
  • the current i from the power supply is passed through the formed closed loop, wherein the primary current i is increased in each loop proportionally to the load R H , which results in a change of the emf in the loop - an increase of the emf.
  • the voltage U At a low load resistance (equal to the resistance of the winding) the voltage U will be equal to the voltage drop on the winding, when the load resistance tends to increase to infinity, the secondary voltage U will increase proportionally, as a result of which the emf at the output of the transformer will increase dozens of times when there is one primary winding.
  • Fig. 8 shows a stylized dependence of the increase of current and voltage in the primary and secondary windings of a transformer with a ferrite magnetic circuit.
  • the permeability ⁇ of the magnetic circuit changes in time in the following manner with a sinusoidal form of current: it increases from 0 to ⁇ /4, then from ⁇ /4 to ⁇ /2 it drops, and from ⁇ /2 to ⁇ 3/4 the speed of restoration of the permeability again increases and from ⁇ 3/4 to ⁇ the restoration of ⁇ is slower.
  • an emf is induced in the secondary winding at a doubled frequency and there is a complete period of the secondary current for one half-period of the current in the primary winding.
  • Fig. 9 shows a stylized dependence of an increase of current and voltage in the primary and secondary windings of a transformer with a magnetic circuit of sheet steel. With this type of magnetic circuit there is a shift of the form of the primary and secondary current curve from ⁇ /6 to ⁇ /4 while the form of the current is maintained.
  • Example 1 M600HH-8 K100-60-15 ferrite rings were used as the magnetic circuit. Two sections of the primary winding, one over the other, were wound on a core of the magnetic circuit assembled from four rings. The outs of the windings of both sections were connected in a series circuit, a load resistance R H was connected parallel to each section - one end to the point of connection of the sections, the other - to the ins of the sections, the ins of the windings of each section were connected to the power supply. The number of turns in the sections was identical and equal to 60. The transformation ratio for this transformer was 11. The results of measurement of the voltage at the output of the transformer are presented in Table 1, example 1.
  • Example 2 A ring-type magnetic circuit made from sheet steel and designed for a power of 2.5 kW was used as the magnetic circuit. Two sections of the primary winding were wound on the core of the magnetic circuit, wherein both sections were wound in one direction with their outs connected in a series circuit, the ins of the sections connected to the power supply. A secondary winding was wound on the primary winding (the direction in which it is wound does not affect the operation of the transformer).
  • the transformation ratio was determined experimentally and was equal to 5.
  • the number of turns of one section of the primary winding was 110, the number of turns of the secondary winding was also equal to 110, the diameter of the wires in the primary and secondary windings was identical and equal to 1.2 mm.
  • a load was connected to the leads of the secondary winding. The voltage was measured at the input of the primary winding and at the output of the secondary winding, i.e. on the load. The results of measurements are presented in Table 1, example 2.
  • Example 3 U-shaped ferrites were used as the magnetic circuit.
  • the magnetic circuit was assembled from four units. Two sections of the primary winding were wound on the two cores of the magnetic circuit, each section on one core. The sections were wound in opposing directions, but with an identical number of turns. The total number of turns in the primary winding was 120. The outs of the windings of the sections were connected in a series circuit, the ins were connected to a power supply. A secondary winding, encompassing both cores, was wound on the primary winding. The number of turns in the secondary winding was 120. The transformation ratio was determined and found equal to 10. The results are presented in Table 1, example 3.
  • Example 4 A U-shaped magnetic circuit made from sheet steel was used as the magnetic circuit. Two sections of the primary winding were wound on both cores of the magnetic circuit, each section on one core. The sections were wound in one direction, the number of turns in each section was 120. The out of the winding of the first section and the in of the winding of the second section, and also the in of the winding of the first section and the out of the winding of the second section were connected to each other, and the points of their connection were connected to the power supply. The secondary winding was wound on the primary winding, the number of turns in the secondary winding was 120.
  • Table 1 Voltage at the output of the transformer U primary , V 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 U secondary , V Example 1 1100 2200 3300 4400 5500 6600 7700 8800 9900 Example 2 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 Example 3 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 Example 4 850 1700 2550 3400 4250 5100 5050 6800 7650

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Transformers For Measuring Instruments (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
EP97919797A 1996-04-16 1997-04-10 Transformer Expired - Lifetime EP0844626B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU96106791A RU2119204C1 (ru) 1996-04-16 1996-04-16 Трансформатор
RU96106791 1996-04-16
RU97101702A RU2119205C1 (ru) 1997-02-05 1997-02-05 Трансформатор (варианты)
RU97101702 1997-02-05
PCT/RU1997/000110 WO1997039463A1 (fr) 1996-04-16 1997-04-10 Transformateur

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0844626A1 EP0844626A1 (en) 1998-05-27
EP0844626A4 EP0844626A4 (en) 2000-03-29
EP0844626B1 true EP0844626B1 (en) 2010-05-26

Family

ID=26653874

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97919797A Expired - Lifetime EP0844626B1 (en) 1996-04-16 1997-04-10 Transformer

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0844626B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPH11508414A (ja)
KR (1) KR100453776B1 (ja)
CA (1) CA2224708C (ja)
DE (1) DE69739888D1 (ja)
WO (1) WO1997039463A1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE0000410D0 (sv) * 2000-02-06 2000-02-06 Lennart Hoeglund Trefas transformatorkärna
JP3992922B2 (ja) 2000-11-27 2007-10-17 シャープ株式会社 液晶表示装置用基板及びその製造方法及びそれを備えた液晶表示装置
CN106650079B (zh) * 2016-12-16 2019-09-10 广东电网有限责任公司江门供电局 变电站二次回路模拟图的显示方法和系统

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1659548A (en) * 1926-09-08 1928-02-14 Gen Electric Transformer
US2519224A (en) * 1947-05-28 1950-08-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrical transformer
US2586352A (en) * 1947-07-17 1952-02-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp High-frequency transformer
SU130568A1 (ru) * 1959-08-31 1959-11-30 Э.М.А. Манькин Однофазный двухобмоточный трансформатор
US3474326A (en) * 1967-01-27 1969-10-21 Gen Electric Tap changing apparatus for inductive windings
US3657678A (en) * 1970-06-08 1972-04-18 Carl A Schwenden Multi-purpose, multi-voltage transformer
SU607287A1 (ru) * 1972-03-23 1978-05-15 Klimov Mikhail A Симметричный трансформатор
US4403205A (en) * 1980-05-19 1983-09-06 General Electric Company Circuit arrangement for controlling transformer current
DE3768736D1 (de) * 1986-07-30 1991-04-25 Siemens Ag Schaltungsanordnung fuer leistungsgrosstransformatoren.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2224708C (en) 2006-01-24
JPH11508414A (ja) 1999-07-21
DE69739888D1 (de) 2010-07-08
EP0844626A4 (en) 2000-03-29
WO1997039463A1 (fr) 1997-10-23
KR19990022930A (ko) 1999-03-25
KR100453776B1 (ko) 2005-05-10
EP0844626A1 (en) 1998-05-27
CA2224708A1 (en) 1997-10-23

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