Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
  • C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
  • A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
  • A01G18/22—Apparatus for the preparation of culture media, e.g. bottling devices
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
  • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
  • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
  • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
  • C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
  • C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
  • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing culture substrate for the Cultivation of mushroom cultures according to the preamble of claim 1 and one for Implementation of the method suitable device according to the preamble of Claim 8.
• Culture substrates for the cultivation of mushroom cultures, in particular for the cultivation of mushrooms are produced from organic substances, in particular from horse manure and straw, with the addition of chicken manure as a nitrogen source.
• the manufacturing process consists of two steps. At the beginning, a hot rotting is carried out in an openly stored rent (process stage I). In the course of about a week, the mechanical conversion with the addition of water is promoted by repeated mechanical conversion so that a homogeneous raw culture substrate is formed. After adding water again, this can be portioned into boxes weighing approx. 200 kg and placed in an air-conditioned room, or poured into a tunnel with a capacity of approx. 70 to 100 m 3 . The raw culture substrate is then subjected to a defined heat treatment in the closed system for likewise about eight days (process stage II).
• a temperature equalization in the Batch of substrate performed before using the recirculating air Temperature by heating or self-heating the raw culture substrate up to about 60 ° C is set and then maintained to the harmful fauna and kill harmful flora (pasteurization). Then by feeding in Fresh air lowered the temperature to approx. 48 ° C and held it for two to three days (Conditioning) in order to achieve a target pH of around 7.5 To bind ammonium nitrogen to the organic substance because the fungal mycelium only very little free ammonia tolerated in the growing medium. Then that will finished culture substrate cooled to 25 ° C and inoculated with mushroom brood.
• the hotrots in the open rent in mushroom cultivation are technically one Reactor intensive rotting similar.
• Treatment of the fungal culture substrate in one closed system corresponds to open post-rotting for bio-waste, which is usually carried out after intensive reactor rotting.
• This Mixing up the process steps has far-reaching consequences for Handling the rotting process.
• the different status of the rotting mix and the phase-shifted metabolic rate of the biocenoses make demands the process management and control engineering in the production of Cultivation substrates for growing mushrooms, which differ from those used in composting clearly distinguish it from organic waste.
• the mushroom culture substrate After the open hot rotting process, the mushroom culture substrate has a homogeneous structure and can be set to a maximum moisture of 80% due to the capillary water retention.
• the already reduced microbial activity leads to an increase in temperature which, despite the relatively high air throughput, for example 240 m 3 / h / t, can be controlled by cooling with fresh air. After eight days, the water loss is approximately 10%.
• the production of the culture substrate for the Mushroom cultivation is a specialty of a rotting process of organic substances. Because within about a fortnight, a substrate must be produced that at PH values between 7 and 8 must be largely free of ammonia and has a high water content (approx. 70 to 80%). This state can only achieve when the rotting process is intense.
• the fresh batch is placed in a tunnel filled and left to self-heating (process stage I).
• Kick Temperatures of greater than approx. 70 ° C. Due to high ammonia content in the The brittle straw is attacked by circulating air.
• the invention has for its object to a method and an apparatus with which the rotting time is reduced, an odor emission of malodorous substances are largely prevented and with the addition of Nitrogen can be reduced.
• the technical effort required for this should be relatively small.
• devices result for all conceivable types of storage of the substrate mixture, for example for rents on a paved area in the Outdoors, in an open, semi-open or closed hall or in one Tunnels and for all conceivable types of training and dimensioning the rent itself.
• Section a was supplied with three Provide ventilation pipes near the base area of the rent, which in a distance of 10 cm above the floor and with a distance between two adjacent pipes of 50 cm each were arranged.
• section b the three ventilation pipes near the base area, as previously described, arranged and in addition a Ventilation pipe in the middle of the rent and at a distance of 80 cm from the floor used.
• the ventilation pipes were designed so that the oxygen-containing gas could be blown uniformly over the entire length of the pipe and that the pressure drop over the length of the pipes was negligible.
• ventilation pipes with a diameter of 50 mm were used, which were provided with a row of holes consisting of 19 holes with a diameter of 3 mm.
• About 25 l of the oxygen-containing gas were fed into each hole.
• a maximum of 2 m 3 per hour of the oxygen-containing gas were fed to section a and 1.5 m 3 of the oxygen-containing gas to section b.
• the oxygen required can be generated, for example, in a system from the surrounding air, for example with the aid of a membrane separation system or a pressure swing absorption system.
• Sections a and b were made with three probes each Provide oxygen concentration and temperature; in section c a probe for oxygen concentration and a probe for temperature arranged. In addition, the temperature was 30 cm above the pipes with the help another temperature probe measured. The gradient of the Oxygen concentration in the horizontal was additionally with the help if necessary another probe.
• Samples of the culture substrate were made during process stage I and during the subsequent steps of mushroom cultivation. Measured were the pH value, the water content and the ratio between mobile and bound nitrogen. Gas samples were also taken at the The surface of the heap was collected and analyzed for nitrous oxide and methane. After the completion of the Process stage I of process stage II and mushroom cultivation.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
• Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 1996
  • 1996-11-06 DE DE19645609A patent/DE19645609C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1997
  • 1997-10-28 AT AT97118667T patent/ATE214539T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1997-10-28 EP EP97118667A patent/EP0841002B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1997-10-28 DE DE59706661T patent/DE59706661D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1997-11-05 CN CN97129748A patent/CN1194772A/zh active Pending

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