EP0834774A2 - Röntgenaufnahme-Anordnung mit einem Photoleiter - Google Patents
Röntgenaufnahme-Anordnung mit einem Photoleiter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0834774A2 EP0834774A2 EP97202960A EP97202960A EP0834774A2 EP 0834774 A2 EP0834774 A2 EP 0834774A2 EP 97202960 A EP97202960 A EP 97202960A EP 97202960 A EP97202960 A EP 97202960A EP 0834774 A2 EP0834774 A2 EP 0834774A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- photoconductor
- substrate
- layer
- ray
- arrangement according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/08—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic
- G03G5/082—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic and not being incorporated in a bonding material, e.g. vacuum deposited
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
Definitions
- the invention relates to an arrangement for generating X-rays by means of an X-ray image converter which at least contains the X-rays partially absorbing photoconductor on a substrate acting as an electrode comprises means for charging the photoconductor with a certain polarity, so that in the photoconductor an electric field with a defined direction is produced.
- the invention also relates to an X-ray recording device with a such arrangement.
- An ideal photoconductor is an insulator if it is not exposed to light. Only during an exposure or an irradiation with X-rays, it becomes conductive and the more, the higher the radiation intensity. So that will at the irradiated areas the charge density generated by a previous charge reduced according to the dose there. That way generated two-dimensional charge pattern on the surface of the photoconductor corresponds essentially to the spatial distribution of the X-ray dose ("latent image” or "charge image”) is converted into electrical by a readout unit Signals implemented that are amplified, filtered, digitized and stored can. The signals are then accessible to digital image processing.
- the object of the present invention is the memory effect itself to reduce. This object is achieved in that between the substrate and the photoconductor and / or on the side facing away from the substrate of the photoconductor a trapping layer to reduce the outside in the Injected charge carrier is provided.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that a significant cause for the Memory effect can be seen in the charge carrier streams, that from the outside or from the interfaces are injected into the photoconductor. Through the trapping layer (s) the number of charge carriers injected into the photoconductor and thus the Memory effect reduced. On the defects, which according to EP-A-0342760 The capture layers, on the other hand, have no memory effect immediate influence.
- the requirements for the trapping layer depend on the polarity with which the Photoconductor is charged. If the substrate is negative, it must be between an electron trapping layer and / or on the substrate and the photoconductor a hole trapping layer facing away from the substrate of the photoconductor be provided. If, however, the substrate is positive, then there must be between the substrate and a hole trapping layer and / or on the substrate from the photoconductor an electron capture layer may be provided on the opposite side.
- the invention is for only one polarity is charged (preferred for a selenium photoconductor a positive charge) and the invention improves the properties of the Photoconductor at this polarity of the charge.
- Capture layers have one for the charge carriers of one type (e.g. electrons) low electrical conductivity compared to the photoconductor, while for Charge carriers of the opposite type (holes) have a high conductivity. According to a development of the invention, this behavior can be achieved achieve that the material of the trapping layer differs from the material of the photoconductor differs by doping with an additive, which results in the trapping layer Defect spots for capturing the injected charge carriers arise.
- one type e.g. electrons
- a preferred development of the invention provides that on the photoconductor facing away from the capture layer, a layer is provided which is essential less thickness, but has the same material composition as the Photoconductor. This layer acts as a buffer layer that the layers with imaging function from the interfaces - in particular to the substrate.
- a passivation layer is located on the side of the photoconductor facing away from the substrate.
- Such a passivation layer forms mechanical and chemical protection for the surface of the photoconductor and also reduces the number of Charge carriers that can penetrate the photoconductor.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the photoconductor predominantly consists of selenium that the substrate consists of aluminum, which on its Photoconductor facing surface is oxidized, and that the means for charging the Photoconductors are designed so that the potential on the surface facing away from the substrate Side is positive in terms of the potential of the substrate. If the photoconductor instead being charged to a negative potential would become an essential one result in less favorable behavior.
- Another embodiment of the invention provides that the photoconductor predominantly made of lead oxide, that the substrate consists of aluminum, which on its Photoconductor facing surface is oxidized, and that the means for charging the Photoconductors are designed so that the potential on the surface facing away from the substrate Side is negative with respect to the potential of the substrate.
- Selenium photoconductors are the more favorable results with a lead oxide photoconductor reached when charging to a negative potential.
- the electron trapping layer Selenium contains a chlorine doping of less than 1000 ppm having.
- the hole trapping layer Selenium which contains a sodium or hydrogen doping of has less than 2000 ppm.
- An embodiment of the invention suitable for a lead oxide photoconductor provides that the trapping layers lead oxide with more or less oxygen atoms than Contain lead atoms. with an excess of oxygen, such a layer Capture electrons and holes if there is an oxygen deficit.
- the arrangement according to the invention is preferably in an X-ray recording device applicable.
- This is based on an X-ray recording device with a X-ray emitter for generating X-rays, an X-ray image converter, of the one at least partially absorbing the x-ray radiation a substrate acting as an electrode, means for charging the photoconductor with a single polarity, so that an electric field with in the photoconductor a defined direction is generated, and a read-out unit for reading out the in the X-ray image converter the charge pattern generated by the X-ray radiation; the reduction of the memory effect results from the fact that between the Substrate and the photoconductor and / or on the side facing away from the substrate Photoconductor a trapping layer to reduce the outside in the photoconductor injected charge carrier is provided.
- Figure 1 shows part of an X-ray imaging device in which the invention is applicable in a schematic representation.
- an X-ray image converter referred to, the from a cylinder jacket - or drum-shaped support body 11 Comprises aluminum, on the outer surface of which a coating 10 is applied, which includes a photoconductor.
- the carrier body 11 acting as a substrate is connected to a DC voltage source 5 connected, which has a negative DC voltage of e.g. - 1.5 kV supplies.
- the X-ray image converter 1 Before an X-ray is taken, the X-ray image converter 1 is connected to the photoconductor evenly to a defined potential, e.g. 0 volts, charged with a motor 8 ensures that the carrier body 11 rotates about its longitudinal axis 12 so that even charging results.
- the charging takes place by means of a Charging device comprising a corona unit 3 and a DC voltage generator 9 or comprises a power supply unit which supplies a DC voltage for the corona unit 3.
- the corona unit 3 extends perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, ie parallel to the Axis of rotation 12 of the support body 11 over its entire length. It includes one grounded housing 3a with a U-shaped cross section, the open side of which Photoconductor is directed.
- a wire 3b is located in the housing 3a
- a grid is expediently between this wire and the photoconductor is provided, which is also grounded.
- the wire lies during charging 3b at a positive voltage of e.g. 4kV. This results in the wire around a highly inhomogeneous electric field that leads to gas discharge. At In the gas discharge, the air molecules in the vicinity of the wire 3b are ionized. The positive charge carriers generated thereby pass through the mesh of the mentioned grid through to the surface of the X-ray image converter with the And charge the photoconductor. If this is the potential of the grounded housing 3a has reached, practically no further positive charge carriers reach the Photoconductor.
- the carrier body 11 stands still and becomes on it exposed to the side facing the X-ray emitter 2, which increases the conductivity of the photoconductor, so that its surface changes depending on the intensity of the X-rays discharge and a corresponding charge pattern is created.
- This readout unit also extends parallel to the axis 12 of the X-ray image converter and contains a number of distributed in this direction Influence probes, the electrical corresponding to the charge density on the surface Generate signals.
- this mechanical-capacitive scanning or reading the charge pattern is also read out using a TFT matrix (cf. US Pat 5,396,072) or by means of laser scanning.
- the invention is also applicable to an X-ray image converter with a different shape Carrier body applicable e.g. a flat support body. That is why the FIGS. 2a..4b, which represent the layer sequence of the coating 10, of one flat carrier body or substrate 11.
- the substrate 11 can be made of Aluminum with an oxide layer 110 or consist of a glass body, the with a metal, e.g. Aluminum, or coated with indium tin oxide.
- a selenium photoconductor layer 101 is provided, which has an addition of 0.5 Contains weight percent arsenic to prevent recrystallization.
- the Photoconductor layer 101 has a thickness between 100 and 1000 ⁇ m, e.g. 500 ⁇ m.
- the photoconductor layer 101 On on its side facing away from the substrate 11 is the photoconductor layer 101 with a Passivation layer 102 covered, the mechanical and chemical protection of the Serves photoconductor surface and which e.g. from an organic varnish or parapoly-xylyl can exist.
- the substrate 11 is on its side facing the photoconductor 101 with a Provided oxide layer 110 which e.g. can be produced by wet chemistry.
- the Passivation layer 102 and oxide layer 110 ideally prevent this Penetration of holes or electrons in the photoconductor layer 101 In practice, however, it cannot be avoided that a stream of charge carriers, e.g. of electrons is injected from the substrate 11 into the photoconductor 101. This is caused by space charges created under X-rays (charged defects in the vicinity of the interface), which results in an annoying memory effect.
- an electron trapping layer 103 is suppressed. It can be a Act selenium layer with a thickness between 0.1 and 50 microns, the one Chlorine doping from 1 to 1000 ppm (the thinner the layer, the higher should be the endowment).
- the doping results in the trapping layer 103 defects at which electrons attach, so that the electrical Conductivity for electrons or the mobility of the electrons is reduced, while the electrical conductivity for holes or the mobility of the holes is increased.
- FIG. 2b shows an embodiment analogous to FIG. 2a, but as a photoconductor a lead oxide layer 101 'is provided, which can have a smaller thickness as the selenium layer 101 in Figure 2a, e.g. 50 to 500 ⁇ m, because the lead oxide X-rays are more strongly absorbed than selenium.
- the substrate 11 can in turn be made of Aluminum with an oxide layer 110 or consist of a glass body, the with a metal, e.g. Aluminum, or coated with indium tin oxide.
- the outer surface of the passivation layer 102 (which is the same Have thickness and can be made of the same material as the layer 102 in the embodiment according to FIG. 2a) does not charge positively but negatively, see above that the substrate potential is positive. This will be with an arrangement 1 achieved in that the aluminum support 11 to a positive DC voltage is connected.
- Such a layer can have a thickness of 0.1 to 50 Have ⁇ m and consist of selenium which is doped with 1 to 2000 ppm sodium or from a layer of lead oxide doped with hydrogen or a layer of lead oxide, compared to the stoichiometric ratio of lead and oxygen Has an oxygen deficit, i.e. contains fewer oxygen atoms than lead atoms.
- the embodiment shown in Figure 3a differs from that Embodiment according to Figure 2a in that between the substrate 11 and the Electron capture layer 103 is provided a layer 104 that is up to a thickness can be 50 ⁇ m and made of the same material as the photoconductor 101.
- This additional layer 104 acts as a buffer layer, which layers 103, 101 with an imaging function from the substrate-selenium interface, which is always somewhat disturbed separated.
- the layer sequence shown in FIG. 3b differs from that Layer sequence according to Figure 2b in that between the hole trapping layer 103 'and the substrate a layer 104' of lead oxide up to 50 ⁇ m thick (in stoichiometric ratio) is provided, whereby the hole current generated by the Subtrat is injected into the photoconductor 101, is further reduced.
- the layer sequence according to FIG. 4a differs from that according to FIG. 3a in that a between the passivation layer 102 and the photoconductor 101 between 0.1 and 20 ⁇ m thick layer adjoining the passivation layer 102 105 made of the same material as the photoconductor 101 and a hole trapping layer 106 is provided, which is adjacent to the photoconductor.
- This layer can have a thickness of 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m and selenium with a doping of 1 up to 2000 ppm sodium. As a result, the injected into the photoconductor 101 Hole current reduced.
- the layer sequence according to FIG. 4b differs from that according to Figure 3b in that between the passivation layer 102 and the photoconductor layer a up to 20 ⁇ m thick layer 105 'of (stoichiometric) lead oxide and an electron trapping layer 106 'is provided which has a thickness between 0.1 and 50 ⁇ m from 1 to 100 ppm chlorine-doped selenium or from one Lead oxide layer with an excess of oxygen can exist.
- the layers 103 and 104 or 103 'and 104' are also omitted.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
- Radiography Using Non-Light Waves (AREA)
- Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig 1
- Ein Röntgengerät, bei dem die Erfindung anwendbar ist in schematischer Darstellung.
- Fig 2a u. b
- ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel,
- Fig 3a u. b
- ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel und
- Fig 4a u. b
- ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel
- jeweils für einen Selen- bzw. einen Bleioxiddetektor.
Claims (10)
- Anordnung zur Erzeugung von Röntgenaufnähmen mittels eines Röntgenbildwandlers (1), der einen die Röntgenstrahlung wenigstens teilweise absorbierenden Photoleiter (101) auf einem als Elektrode wirksamen Substrat (11) umfaßt, mit Mitteln (3) zum Aufladen des Photoleiters mit einer bestimmten Polarität, sodaß in dem Photoleiter ein elektrisches Feld mit einer definierten Richtung erzeugt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Substrat (11) und dem Photoleiter und/oder auf der vom Substrat abgewandten Seite des Photoleiters (101) eine Einfangschicht (103; 106) zum Reduzieren der von außen in den Photoleiter injizierten Ladungsträger vorgesehen ist. - Anordnung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material der Einfangschicht (103; 106) sich vom Material des Photoleiters (101) durch eine Dotierung mit einem Zusatzstoff unterscheidet, wodurch in der Einfangschicht Defektstellen zum Einfangen der injizierten Ladungsträger entstehen. - Anordnung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der vom Photoleiter (101) abgewandten Seite der Einfangschicht eine Schicht (104, 105) vorgesehen ist, die eine wesentlich geringere Dicke, aber die gleiche stoffliche Zusammensetzung hat wie der Photoleiter (101). - Anordnung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich auf der vom Substrat abgewandten Seite des Photoleiters eine Passivierungssschicht (102) befindet. - Anordnung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Photoleiter (101) überwiegend aus Selen besteht, daß das Substrat (11) aus Aluminium besteht, das auf seiner dem Photoleiter zugewandten Fläche (110) oxidiert ist, und daß die Mittel zum Aufladen (3) des Photoleiters so gestaltet sind, daß das Potential an der dem Substrat abgewandten Seite positiv in Bezug auf das Potential des Substrates (11) ist. - Anordnung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Photoleiter (101) überwiegend aus Bleioxid besteht, daß das Substrat (11) aus Aluminium besteht, das auf seiner dem Photoleiter zugewandten Fläche oxidiert ist, und daß die Mittel (3) zum Aufladen des Photoleiters so gestaltet sind, daß das Potential an der dem Substrat abgewandten Seite negativ in Bezug auf das Potential des Substrates ist. - Anordnung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektronen-Einfangschicht (103, 105') Selen enthält, das eine Chlor-Dotierung oder eine Sauerstoff-Dotierung von weniger als 1000 ppm aufweist. - Anordnung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Löcher-Einfangschicht (105, 103') Selen enthält, das eine Natrium- oder eine Wasserstoff-Dotierung von weniger als 2000 ppm aufweist. - Anordnung nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einfangschichten Bleioxid mit mehr bzw weniger Sauerstoff-Atomen als Blei-Atomen enthalten. - Röntgen-Aufnahmegerät mit einem Röntgenstrahler (2) zur Erzeugung von Röntgenstrahlung, einem Röntgenbildwandler (1), der einen die Röntgenstrahlung wenigstens teilweise absorbierenden Photoleiter (101) auf einem als Elektrode wirksamen Substrat (11) umfaßt, Mittel (3) zum Aufladen des Photoleiters mit einer einzigen Polarität, sodaß in dem Photoleiter ein elektrisches Feld mit einer definierten Richtung erzeugt wird, und eine Ausleseeinheit (4) zum Auslesen des in dem Röntgenbildwandler durch die Röntgenstrahlung erzeugten Ladungsmusters,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Substrat (11) und dem Photoleiter und/oder auf der vom Substrat abgewandten Seite des Photoleiters eine Einfangschicht (103, 105) zum Reduzieren der von außen in den Photoleiter injizierten Ladungsträger vorgesehen ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19640946A DE19640946A1 (de) | 1996-10-04 | 1996-10-04 | Röntgenaufnahme-Anordnung mit einem Photoleiter |
DE19640946 | 1996-10-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0834774A2 true EP0834774A2 (de) | 1998-04-08 |
EP0834774A3 EP0834774A3 (de) | 1998-08-19 |
Family
ID=7807860
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97202960A Withdrawn EP0834774A3 (de) | 1996-10-04 | 1997-09-26 | Röntgenaufnahme-Anordnung mit einem Photoleiter |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6128362A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0834774A3 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4049857B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19640946A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2241779C (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2010-02-09 | Ftni Inc. | Indirect x-ray image detector for radiology |
JP2011185942A (ja) * | 2000-03-22 | 2011-09-22 | Fujifilm Corp | 画像記録媒体およびその製造方法 |
JP4884593B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-22 | 2012-02-29 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 画像記録媒体 |
US6969896B1 (en) | 2003-08-12 | 2005-11-29 | Varian Medical Systems Technologies, Inc. | Photodetector biasing scheme |
JP2008078597A (ja) * | 2005-11-01 | 2008-04-03 | Fujifilm Corp | 放射線画像検出器 |
US7507512B2 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2009-03-24 | General Electric Company | Particle-in-binder X-ray sensitive coating using polyimide binder |
JP2008227036A (ja) * | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-25 | Fujifilm Corp | 放射線平面検出器 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3621248A (en) * | 1966-02-16 | 1971-11-16 | Xerox Corp | Method of using a xeroradiographic plate which is insensitive to visible light |
US4315063A (en) * | 1977-11-17 | 1982-02-09 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic photosensitive member having a halogen containing charge injection layer |
JPS57167030A (en) * | 1981-04-08 | 1982-10-14 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic receptor |
US4442149A (en) * | 1981-04-27 | 1984-04-10 | Bennett Garry K | Cable tension gluing process |
US4939759A (en) * | 1988-05-19 | 1990-07-03 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Method of producing an X-ray image by means of a photoconductor, and device for performing the method |
US5396072A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1995-03-07 | U. S. Philips Corporation | X-ray image detector |
US5436101A (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 1995-07-25 | Xerox Corporation | Negative charging selenium photoreceptor |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4763002A (en) * | 1979-03-22 | 1988-08-09 | University Of Texas System | Photon detector |
US5510626A (en) * | 1994-06-22 | 1996-04-23 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | System and method for conditioning a radiation detector |
-
1996
- 1996-10-04 DE DE19640946A patent/DE19640946A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-09-26 EP EP97202960A patent/EP0834774A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-09-30 US US08/940,684 patent/US6128362A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-01 JP JP26880797A patent/JP4049857B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3621248A (en) * | 1966-02-16 | 1971-11-16 | Xerox Corp | Method of using a xeroradiographic plate which is insensitive to visible light |
US4315063A (en) * | 1977-11-17 | 1982-02-09 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrophotographic photosensitive member having a halogen containing charge injection layer |
JPS57167030A (en) * | 1981-04-08 | 1982-10-14 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic receptor |
US4442149A (en) * | 1981-04-27 | 1984-04-10 | Bennett Garry K | Cable tension gluing process |
US4939759A (en) * | 1988-05-19 | 1990-07-03 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Method of producing an X-ray image by means of a photoconductor, and device for performing the method |
US5396072A (en) * | 1992-08-17 | 1995-03-07 | U. S. Philips Corporation | X-ray image detector |
US5436101A (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 1995-07-25 | Xerox Corporation | Negative charging selenium photoreceptor |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 010 (P-168), 14.Januar 1983 & JP 57 167030 A (CANON KK), 14.Oktober 1982, * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH10125946A (ja) | 1998-05-15 |
JP4049857B2 (ja) | 2008-02-20 |
EP0834774A3 (de) | 1998-08-19 |
DE19640946A1 (de) | 1998-04-16 |
US6128362A (en) | 2000-10-03 |
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