EP0829554B2 - Low pressure carburising device with a plurality of sequentially arranged chambers - Google Patents

Low pressure carburising device with a plurality of sequentially arranged chambers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0829554B2
EP0829554B2 EP97890166A EP97890166A EP0829554B2 EP 0829554 B2 EP0829554 B2 EP 0829554B2 EP 97890166 A EP97890166 A EP 97890166A EP 97890166 A EP97890166 A EP 97890166A EP 0829554 B2 EP0829554 B2 EP 0829554B2
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Prior art keywords
chamber
gas
plant according
pressure
carbonisation
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0829554A1 (en
EP0829554B1 (en
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Herwig Dr. Altena
Johann Ing. Berger
Josef Ing. Krickl
Gerhard Oberweger
Gerhard Ing. Sack
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ALD AICHELIN GesmbH
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ALD AICHELIN GesmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low pressure carburizing plant with several in a row arranged chambers through which the batches by means of Transport organs are moved.
  • Roller hearth continuous ovens are already known in which a gas cooling section between a Annealing and a hardening zone is provided (DE 42 28 006). There are also carburizing plants where carburization in the range of 0.1-60 kPa abs. (1 - 600 mbar abs.) is already known.
  • a reversal of the batch by rolling motion in the area of the quenching chamber is cooling with liquid media and 2-phase flows (DE 44 01 228) is already known and can also be used for gases applied to the uniformity of deterrence to improve.
  • the cross-sectional area by the cooling gas is coated, increased by reversing the batch must be what at the expense of gas velocity or the cooling rate at a given, maximum Engine power goes.
  • This disadvantage is invented thereby avoided that a movable gas control system installed in the quenching chamber and shared is moved with the batch, whereby the of cross-section flowed through the gas flow always the base area of the batch equivalent.
  • the drive of the gas control system is preferably carried out via an electric motor Roller drive with the help of a translation.
  • roller conveyor Another disadvantage of the roller conveyor can be result from the fact that the roles according to the state of the art through the insulation, stored outside the insulation and outside the Boilers are driven, resulting in a non-negligible Heat dissipation through heat conduction leads over the transport rollers. On the one hand, this causes one higher energy requirements of the plant and deteriorated on the other hand, the temperature uniformity in the Treatment chambers.
  • the Transport rollers according to the invention by ceramic or Graphite bearings held within the hot heating, Carburizing and diffusion chamber and that rest on the underlying insulation.
  • the implementation to the transport engine is only carried out with a thin drive shaft that has no bending moment must transfer. Through these measures, the Minimized energy losses.
  • the transport rollers in the heating, carburizing and Diffusion zone can be designed as a hollow cylinder in the an electric beam element or a gas burner is introduced and flange-mounted using a rotating union, whereby the total number of executions in the Heating, carburizing and diffusion chambers reduced becomes.
  • a roller hearth tempering furnace downstream.
  • Fig. 1 in elevation a low-pressure carburizing plant according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a top view of the low pressure carburizing plant 1
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 cross sections of a usable within the scope of the invention
  • Quenching. 5, 6 and 7 give design variants the transport rollers again.
  • the batches 4 are in front of the system Loading roller table 1 arranged. From this loading roller table 1, the batches 4 enter an entry lock 6, which is vacuum-tight and can be evacuated. On the lock 6 closes a likewise evacuable heating chamber 7 on. Be in this heating chamber 7 the batches under nitrogen at a pressure of 1 to Heated up to 2 bar. The heating chamber 7 is vacuum tight Provide inlet and outlet doors, the heating batches 4 are made with circulators 8 and an electric one Helix heater 9.
  • two separate carburizing chambers 10 and 11 are arranged.
  • these carburizing chambers 10 and 11 is abs at a pressure of 0.1 to 60kPa. (1 to 600 mbar abs.), preferably in the range from 1 to 3 kPa abs. (10 to 30 mbar abs.) Carburized with carburizing gas.
  • the arrangement of two separate carburizing chambers enables different parameters for the beginning and the end of the carburization as well as one Increase throughput. Within the scope of the invention is, however, the arrangement of only one carburizing chamber possible.
  • both carburizing chambers 10 and 11 are heated with jacket pipes 12th
  • the batches 4 enter a quenching chamber 17 for high pressure gas quenching.
  • the structure of the quench chamber 17 is shown of Fig. 3 explained.
  • the transport of the batches 4 through the invention System is, as in particular from Fig. 1 can be seen, carried out by a roller conveyor 22, which is a slow, horizontal pendulum movement of the Charge during heating, carburizing and quenching to even out the treatment result allows.
  • FIG. 3 A preferred design of the quenching chamber 17 is shown in section in FIG. 3.
  • a motor 32 is placed on a housing 31, which drives a fan wheel 33.
  • the batch 4 is on the transport rollers 22.
  • the jacket expands at the top and inside the enlarged part 37 is a Heat exchanger 38 arranged. This heat exchanger 38, however, does not take up the entire space of part 37 of the jacket, so that a free cross section 39 is formed.
  • the fan wheel 33 promotes nitrogen gas in the Meaning of the arrows entered outside the jacket 34, 37 downwards, where it is deflected by 90 ° and upwards cooling the charge 4 past it sweeps. Then the cooling gas flows through to Part of the heat exchanger 38, part of the free cross section 39, taking the two streams before entering reunite in the fan wheel 33.
  • the transport rollers 22 of the quenching chamber 17 allow the batch to be reversed by horizontal Pendulum movement, which ensures uniformity deterrence can be improved.
  • the in Movable gas guide device located in the batch room 35 limits the area covered by the cooling gas largely on the batch area and leads the free cross section with the batch. This prevents that the cooling gas alternately in front and behind the batch flows past if this during cooling is reversibly reversed.
  • the movement of the Gas guiding device can preferably be via the roller drive respectively.
  • Other solutions, such as the postponement by means of pneumatic cylinders are also possible.
  • the transport rollers 22 are here according to the invention by ceramic or graphite bearings 42 held within the hot heating, Carburizing and diffusion chamber 43 are located and which lie on the underlying insulation 44.
  • Several transport rollers are driven by a chain drive connected outside the heating chamber.
  • FIG. 7 Another embodiment variant is shown in FIG. 7 shown.
  • the transport rollers in the Heating, carburizing and diffusion zone as a hollow Cylinder 47 can be designed in which an electric heating element or gas burner is introduced and by means of a rotary union 48 are flanged. Thereby the total number of executions in the heating, carburizing and diffusion chambers are reduced.
  • the quenching chamber 17 executed with lowerable transport rollers be the batch on a fixed batch carrier settle the number of carburizing chambers could be of two and the number of diffusion chambers deviate from three.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Niederdruck-Aufkohlungsanlage mit mehreren hintereinander angeordneten Kammern, durch die die Chargen mittels Transportorganen bewegt werden.The invention relates to a low pressure carburizing plant with several in a row arranged chambers through which the batches by means of Transport organs are moved.

Es sind schon eine Vielzahl von Anlagen zum Wärmebehandeln von aus Stahl bestehenden Teilen bekannt geworden. So ist ein Rollenherd-Vakuumofen bekannt, in dem Glühbehandlungen durchgeführt werden können, wobei ein Hubsystem vorgesehen ist, um die Rollen bei der Glühbehandlung zu entlasten (DE 36 16 871).There are already a number of plants for Heat treating steel parts known. So is a roller hearth vacuum oven known in which annealing treatments are carried out can, wherein a lifting system is provided to relieve the rollers during the annealing treatment (DE 36 16 871).

Auch Rollenherd-Durchlauföfen sind schon bekannt, bei denen eine Gasabkühlstrecke zwischen einer Glüh- und einer Härtezone vorgesehen ist (DE 42 28 006). Ebenso sind Aufkohlungsanlagen, bei denen die Aufkohlung im Bereich von 0.1-60 kPa abs. (1 - 600 mbar abs.) vorgenommen wird, schon bekannt geworden.Roller hearth continuous ovens are already known in which a gas cooling section between a Annealing and a hardening zone is provided (DE 42 28 006). There are also carburizing plants where carburization in the range of 0.1-60 kPa abs. (1 - 600 mbar abs.) is already known.

Diese Anlagen waren jedoch vorwiegend als Einkammeranlagen für chargenweisen Betrieb ausgeführt. Für größere Durchsatzmengen, die von einigen Industriebereichen, wie z. B. der KFZ-Industrie, benötigt werden, wäre eine Vielzahl solcher Einzelanlagen erforderlich, die neben sehr großem Platzbedarf auch'hohe Behandlungskosten verursachen, da sie mit geringer Durchsatzleistung und somit wenig wirtschaftlich arbeiten.However, these plants were predominantly as Single-chamber systems designed for batch operation. For larger throughputs by some Industrial areas, such as B. the automotive industry a large number of such individual systems would be required, which in addition to very large space requirements also 'high Cause treatment costs as they are lower Throughput performance and thus work less economically.

Die Erfindung hat es sich zum Ziel gesetzt, eine Niederdruck-Aufkohlungsanlage der eingangs erwähnten Art zu schaffen, die für wirtschaftlichen Betrieb bei großer Durchsatzleistung konzipiert ist und nach dem Durchlaufprinzip arbeitet. Erreicht wird dies durch die Kombination folgender, an sich bekannter Merkmale:

  • die Transportorgane sind als Rollenbahn ausgebildet, die die Chargen nacheinander führt durch
  • eine vakuumdichte Einfahrschleuse,
  • eine evakuierbare Aufheizkammer, in der die Chargen unter Stickstoff bei 100 bis 200 kPa (1 bis 2 bar) aufgeheizt werden,
  • wenigstens eine Aufkohlungskammer, in der bei einem Druckvon .0.1 bis 60kPa abs. (1 bis 600 mbar abs.), vorzugsweise 1 bis 3 kPa abs. (10 bis 30 mbar abs.), mit Kohlungsgas aufgekohlt wird,
  • mindestens eine Diffusionskammer und
  • eine Abschreckkammer für eine Hochdruck- Gasabschreckung.
The invention has set itself the goal of creating a low-pressure carburizing plant of the type mentioned, which is designed for economical operation with high throughput and works on the continuous principle. This is achieved by combining the following, known features:
  • the transport elements are designed as roller conveyors which carry out the batches one after the other
  • a vacuum-tight entrance lock,
  • an evacuable heating chamber in which the batches are heated under nitrogen at 100 to 200 kPa (1 to 2 bar),
  • at least one carburizing chamber in which at a pressure of .0.1 to 60 kPa abs. (1 to 600 mbar abs.), Preferably 1 to 3 kPa abs. (10 to 30 mbar abs.), Is carburized with carburizing gas,
  • at least one diffusion chamber and
  • a quenching chamber for high pressure gas quenching.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Kombination wird gegenüber konventionellen Gasaufkohlungsanlagen eine randoxidationsfreie Aufkohlung erreicht, wodurch Nachbearbeitungskosten verringert werden bzw. sogar wegfallen können. Überdies ergibt sich eine verkürzte Aufkohlungsdauer durch einen erheblich höheren C-Massenstrom zu Prozeßbeginn, was eine Zeitund Kosteneinsparung zur Folge hat. Gegenüber einer Ölabschreckung ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß ein verminderter Verzug auftritt und daß sowohl der Waschprozeß nach der Ölabschreckung als auch die Ölentsorgung entfällt.Through the combination according to the invention compared to conventional gas carburizing plants achieved a carburization free of edge oxidation, whereby Post-processing costs are reduced or can even fall away. In addition, there is a shortened Carburizing time due to a significantly longer one C mass flow at the start of the process, which is a time and Cost savings. Opposite one Oil quenching has the advantage of being a diminished one Delay occurs and that both the washing process after oil quenching as well as oil disposal eliminated.

Die Ausbildung der Transportorgane als Rollenbahn bringt gegenüber anderen Transportsystemen einen geringeren mechanischen Aufwand und damit eine geringere Reparaturanfälligkeit und auch geringere mechanische Erschütterungen beim Transport der heißen Charge mit sich.The formation of the transport organs as a roller conveyor brings compared to other transport systems less mechanical effort and thus one less susceptibility to repairs and also less mechanical shocks when transporting the hot Batch with itself.

Eine Reversierung der Charge durch Rollenbewegung im Bereich der Abschreckkammer ist bei Abkühlung mit flüssigen Medien und 2-Phasenströmungen (DE 44 01 228) bereits bekannt und kann auch für Gase angewendet werden, um die Gleichmäßigkeit der Abschreckung zu verbessern. Nachteilig erweist sich jedoch, daß die Querschnittsfläche, die von dem Kühlgas bestrichen wird, durch das Reversieren der Charge vergrößert werden muß, was auf Kosten der Gasgeschwindigkeit bzw. der Abkühlrate bei vorgegebener, maximaler Motorleistung geht. Dieser Nachteil wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch vermieden, daß ein bewegliches Gasleitsystem in der Abschreckkammer installiert und gemeinsam mit der Charge bewegt wird, wodurch der von dem Gasstrom beströmte Querschnitt stets der Chargengrundfläche entspricht. Der Antrieb des Gasleitsystems erfolgt dabei bevorzugt über einen elektromotorischen Rollenantrieb mit Hilfe einer Übersetzung.A reversal of the batch by rolling motion in the area of the quenching chamber is cooling with liquid media and 2-phase flows (DE 44 01 228) is already known and can also be used for gases applied to the uniformity of deterrence to improve. However, it proves disadvantageous that the cross-sectional area by the cooling gas is coated, increased by reversing the batch must be what at the expense of gas velocity or the cooling rate at a given, maximum Engine power goes. This disadvantage is invented thereby avoided that a movable gas control system installed in the quenching chamber and shared is moved with the batch, whereby the of cross-section flowed through the gas flow always the base area of the batch equivalent. The drive of the gas control system is preferably carried out via an electric motor Roller drive with the help of a translation.

Ein weiterer Nachteil des Rollengangs kann sich aus der Tatsache ergeben, daß die Rollen gemäß dem Stand der Technik durch die Isolation durchgeführt, außerhalb der Isolation gelagert und außerhalb des Kessels angetrieben werden, was zu einer nicht vernachlässigbaren Wärmeabfuhr durch Wärmeleitung über die Transportrollen führt. Dies bewirkt einerseits einen höheren Energiebedarf der Anlage und verschlechtert andererseits die Temperaturgleichmäßigkeit in den Behandlungskammern.Another disadvantage of the roller conveyor can be result from the fact that the roles according to the state of the art through the insulation, stored outside the insulation and outside the Boilers are driven, resulting in a non-negligible Heat dissipation through heat conduction leads over the transport rollers. On the one hand, this causes one higher energy requirements of the plant and deteriorated on the other hand, the temperature uniformity in the Treatment chambers.

Um diesen Nachteil zu vermeiden, werden die Transportrollen erfindungsgemäß durch Keramik- oder Grafitlager gehalten, die sich innerhalb der heißen Aufheiz-, Aufkohlungs- und Diffusionskammer befinden und die auf der darunterliegenden Isolation aufliegen. Die Durchführung zum Transportmotor erfolgt nur noch mit einer dünnen Antriebswelle, die kein Biegemoment übertragen muß. Durch diese Maßnahmen werden die Energieverluste minimiert.To avoid this disadvantage, the Transport rollers according to the invention by ceramic or Graphite bearings held within the hot heating, Carburizing and diffusion chamber and that rest on the underlying insulation. The implementation to the transport engine is only carried out with a thin drive shaft that has no bending moment must transfer. Through these measures, the Minimized energy losses.

In einer anderen Ausführungsvariante können die Transportrollen in der Aufheiz-, Aufkohlungs- und Diffusionszone als hohle Zylinder ausgeführt sein, in die ein Elektrostrahlelement oder ein Gasbrenner eingebracht und mittels Drehdurchführung angeflanscht wird, wodurch die gesamte Anzahl an Durchführungen in die Aufheiz-, Aufkohlungs- und Diffusionskammern verringert wird.In another embodiment variant can the transport rollers in the heating, carburizing and Diffusion zone can be designed as a hollow cylinder in the an electric beam element or a gas burner is introduced and flange-mounted using a rotating union, whereby the total number of executions in the Heating, carburizing and diffusion chambers reduced becomes.

Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anlage ist zweckmäßig der Abschreckkammer ein Röllchenherd-Anlaßofen nachgeschaltet.In a system according to the invention expediently the quenching chamber a roller hearth tempering furnace downstream.

Vorteilhaft sind zwei getrennte Aufkohlungskammern hintereinander angeordnet. Diese Trennung ermöglicht unterschiedliche Parameter für den Anfang und das Ende der Aufkohlung, sowie eine Erhöhung der Durchsatzleistung.Two separate carburizing chambers are advantageous arranged one behind the other. This separation allows different parameters for the beginning and the end of carburization, as well as an increase in Throughput.

Die Beheizung von Niederdruck-Aufkohlungsanlagen erfolgt in der Regel mit innenliegenden Grafit-Widerstandsheizelementen, wobei die Isolation der Stromdurchführung durch Abscheidungen des Kohlungsgases (Grafit) fallweise leitend wird und getauscht werden muß, bevor Überschläge der Heizung auftreten. Diese Nachteile werden erfindungsgemäß dadurch beseitigt, daß die Beheizung mittels Mantel-Strahlrohren, bevorzugt mittels Elektro- oder Gasstrahlrohren erfolgt, wobei die Heizelemente bzw. Brenner bei laufendem Betrieb gewechselt werden können.The heating of low pressure carburizing plants usually with internal graphite resistance heating elements, the isolation of the Carrying out electricity by separating the carbonization gas (Graphite) becomes conductive and exchanged in some cases must be done before heating flashovers occur. According to the invention, these disadvantages are eliminated by that heating by means of radiant tubes, preferably by means of electric or gas jet pipes, the heating elements or burners while running Operation can be changed.

Nachstehend ist die Erfindung anhand eines in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher beschrieben, ohne jedoch auf dieses Beispiel beschränkt zu sein. Dabei zeigen: Fig. 1 im Aufriß eine erfindungsgemäße Niederdruck-Aufkohlungsanlage; Fig. 2 die Draufsicht auf die Niederdruck-Aufkohlungsanlage nach Fig. 1 und die Fig. 3 und 4 Querschnitte einer im Rahmen der Erfindung einsetzbaren Abschreckkammer. Die Fig. 5,6 und 7 geben Ausführungsvarianten der Transportrollen wieder.The invention is based on a in the drawings schematically illustrated embodiment described in more detail without, however this example to be limited. Thereby show: Fig. 1 in elevation a low-pressure carburizing plant according to the invention; Fig. 2 is a top view of the low pressure carburizing plant 1 and FIGS. 3 and 4 cross sections of a usable within the scope of the invention Quenching. 5, 6 and 7 give design variants the transport rollers again.

Gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2 ist vor der Anlage ein Beladerollgang 1 angeordnet. Von diesem Beladerollgang 1 gelangen die Chargen 4 in eine Einfahrschleuse 6, die vakuumdicht ausgebildet und evakuierbar ist. An die Schleuse 6 schließt eine ebenfalls evakuierbare Aufheizkammer 7 an. In dieser Aufheizkammer 7 werden die Chargen unter Stickstoff bei einem Druck von 1 bis 2 bar aufgeheizt. Die Aufheizkammer 7 ist mit vakuumdichten Ein- und Auslauftüren versehen, die Aufheizung der Chargen 4 erfolgt mit Umwälzern 8 und einer elektrischen Wendelbeheizung 9.1 and 2 is in front of the system Loading roller table 1 arranged. From this loading roller table 1, the batches 4 enter an entry lock 6, which is vacuum-tight and can be evacuated. On the lock 6 closes a likewise evacuable heating chamber 7 on. Be in this heating chamber 7 the batches under nitrogen at a pressure of 1 to Heated up to 2 bar. The heating chamber 7 is vacuum tight Provide inlet and outlet doors, the heating batches 4 are made with circulators 8 and an electric one Helix heater 9.

Anschließend an die Aufheizkammer 7 sind zwei voneinander getrennte Aufkohlungskammern 10 und 11 angeordnet. In diesen Aufkohlungskammern 10 und 11 wird bei einem Druck von 0.1 bis 60kPa abs. (1 bis 600 mbar abs.), vorzugsweise im Bereich von 1 bis 3 kPa abs. (10 bis 30 mbar abs.) mit Kohlungsgas aufgekohlt. Die Anordnung von zwei getrennten Aufkohlungskammern ermöglicht unterschiedliche Parameter für den Anfang und das Ende der Aufkohlung sowie eine Erhöhung der Durchsatzleistung. Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist jedoch auch die Anordnung von nur einer Aufkohlungskammer möglich. In beiden Aufkohlungskammern 10 und 11 erfolgt die Beheizung mit Mantelstrahlrohren 12.Subsequent to the heating chamber 7 two separate carburizing chambers 10 and 11 arranged. In these carburizing chambers 10 and 11 is abs at a pressure of 0.1 to 60kPa. (1 to 600 mbar abs.), preferably in the range from 1 to 3 kPa abs. (10 to 30 mbar abs.) Carburized with carburizing gas. The arrangement of two separate carburizing chambers enables different parameters for the beginning and the end of the carburization as well as one Increase throughput. Within the scope of the invention is, however, the arrangement of only one carburizing chamber possible. In both carburizing chambers 10 and 11 are heated with jacket pipes 12th

Auch in den anschließenden Diffusionskammern 13 und 14 erfolgt die Beheizung mittels Strahlrohren 16.Also in the subsequent diffusion chambers 13 and 14 are heated by means of radiant tubes 16th

Schließlich gelangen die Chargen 4 in eine Abschreckkammer 17 für eine Hochdruck-Gasabschrekkung. Der Aufbau der Abschreckkammer 17 wird anhand der Fig. 3. noch erläutert.Finally, the batches 4 enter a quenching chamber 17 for high pressure gas quenching. The structure of the quench chamber 17 is shown of Fig. 3 explained.

Nach dem Verlassen der Abschreckkammer 17 gelangen die Chargen 4 über eine Querfahreinrichtung 18 zu einem Röllchenherd-Anlaßofen 19 und verlassen nach Durchlaufen einer Kühlstrecke 20 und eines Auslaufrollganges 21 die Anlage.After leaving the quenching chamber 17 get the batches 4 via a transverse drive 18 to a Röllchenherd tempering furnace 19 and leave after passing through a cooling section 20 and one Auslaufrollganges 21 the system.

Der Transport der Chargen 4 durch die erfindungsgemäße Anlage wird, wie insbesondere aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist, durch eine Rollenbahn 22 durchgeführt, die eine langsame, horizontale Pendelbewegung der Charge während Aufheizung, Aufkohlung und Abschreckung zur Vergleichmäßigung des Behandlungsergebnisses ermöglicht.The transport of the batches 4 through the invention System is, as in particular from Fig. 1 can be seen, carried out by a roller conveyor 22, which is a slow, horizontal pendulum movement of the Charge during heating, carburizing and quenching to even out the treatment result allows.

Eine bevorzugte Ausbildung der Abschreckkammer 17 ist im Schnitt in Fig. 3 dargestellt. Gemäß dieser Figur ist auf ein Gehäuse 31 ein Motor 32 aufgesetzt, der ein Ventilatorrad 33 antreibt. Innerhalb des unteren Teiles 34 eines im Gehäuse 31 verlaufenden rund oder eckig ausgeführten Mantels liegt die Charge 4 auf den Transportrollen 22. Der Mantel erweitert sich nach oben hin und innerhalb des erweiterten Teiles 37 ist ein Wärmetauscher 38 angeordnet. Dieser Wärmetauscher 38 nimmt jedoch nicht den gesamten Raum innerhalb des Teiles 37 des Mantels ein, sodaß ein freier Querschnitt 39 gebildet ist.A preferred design of the quenching chamber 17 is shown in section in FIG. 3. According to this figure, a motor 32 is placed on a housing 31, which drives a fan wheel 33. Inside the lower one Part 34 of a round in the housing 31 or square-shaped jacket, the batch 4 is on the transport rollers 22. The jacket expands at the top and inside the enlarged part 37 is a Heat exchanger 38 arranged. This heat exchanger 38, however, does not take up the entire space of part 37 of the jacket, so that a free cross section 39 is formed.

Das Ventilatorrad 33 fördert Stickstoffgas im Sinne der eingetragenen Pfeile außerhalb des Mantels 34, 37 nach unten, wo es um 90° umgelenkt wird und nach oben unter Kühlung der Charge 4 an dieser vorbei streicht. Anschließend durchströmt das Kühlgas zum Teil den Wärmetauscher 38, zum Teil den freien Querschnitt 39, wobei sich die beiden Ströme vor dem Eintritt in das Ventilatorrad 33 wieder vereinigen.The fan wheel 33 promotes nitrogen gas in the Meaning of the arrows entered outside the jacket 34, 37 downwards, where it is deflected by 90 ° and upwards cooling the charge 4 past it sweeps. Then the cooling gas flows through to Part of the heat exchanger 38, part of the free cross section 39, taking the two streams before entering reunite in the fan wheel 33.

Die Transportrollen 22 der Abschreckkammer 17 ermöglichen ein Reversieren der Charge durch horizontale Pendelbewegung, wodurch die Gleichmäßigkeit der Abschreckung verbessert werden kann. Die im Chargenraum befindliche, bewegliche Gasleiteinrichtung 35 begrenzt die vom Kühlgas bestrichene Fläche weitgehend auf die Chargengrundfläche und führt den freien Querschnitt mit der Charge mit. Dadurch wird verhindert, daß das Kühlgas abwechselnd vor und hinter der Charge vorbeiströmt, wenn diese während der Abkühlung pendelnd reversiert wird. Die Bewegung der Gasleiteinrichtung kann vorzugsweise über den Rollenantrieb erfolgen. Andere Lösungen, wie z.B. die Verschiebung mittels Pneumatikzylindern sind ebenfalls möglich.The transport rollers 22 of the quenching chamber 17 allow the batch to be reversed by horizontal Pendulum movement, which ensures uniformity deterrence can be improved. The in Movable gas guide device located in the batch room 35 limits the area covered by the cooling gas largely on the batch area and leads the free cross section with the batch. This prevents that the cooling gas alternately in front and behind the batch flows past if this during cooling is reversibly reversed. The movement of the Gas guiding device can preferably be via the roller drive respectively. Other solutions, such as the postponement by means of pneumatic cylinders are also possible.

Nach Aufbringen eines Systemdrucks von max. 4 MPa wird Stickstoff innerhalb der Vorrichtung durch das Ventilatorrad 33 umgewälzt, wobei sich ein auf die Ebenen E1 und E3 bezogener Leitwert von 20 - 500 [m3/kPas] einstellt und die Druckdifferenz in der Ebene E2 zwischen dem Bypass und knapp hinter dem Wärmetauscher möglichst gering gehalten wird.After applying a system pressure of max. 4 MPa nitrogen is circulated within the device by the fan wheel 33, a conductivity of 20-500 [m 3 / kPas] relating to the levels E1 and E3 being established and the pressure difference in the level E2 between the bypass and just behind the heat exchanger is kept as low as possible.

Um die beiden Teilströme an unterschiedliche Chargengrößen und Gasdrücke anzupassen, kann im Bypass-System bzw. freien Querschnitt 39 zusätzlich eine Regelklappe 41 installiert werden, die über die Druckdifferenz zwischen Bypass und unmittelbar hinter dem Wärmetauscher in der Ebene 2 solcher Art angesteuert wird, daß die Abkühlzeit der Charge minimiert wird. Zur Bestimmung der optimalen Klappenposition kann der Meßwert mit einer Auswerteeinheit (Rechner) verbunden werden.To the two sub-streams to different Adjusting batch sizes and gas pressures can be done in the Bypass system or free cross-section 39 additionally a control flap 41 are installed, which over the Pressure difference between bypass and immediately behind controlled the heat exchanger in level 2 of this type will minimize the cooling time of the batch becomes. To determine the optimal valve position can the measured value with an evaluation unit (computer) get connected.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführung der Transportrollen ist in Fig. 5 dargestellt. Die Transportrollen 22 werden hier erfindungsgemäß durch Keramik- oder Grafitlager 42 gehalten, die sich innerhalb der heißen Aufheiz-, Aufkohlungs- und Diffusionskammer 43 befinden und die auf der darunterliegenden Isolation 44 aufliegen. Mehrere Transportrollen werden dabei mittels Kettenantrieb außerhalb der Heizkammer verbunden.A preferred embodiment of the transport rollers is shown in Fig. 5. The transport rollers 22 are here according to the invention by ceramic or graphite bearings 42 held within the hot heating, Carburizing and diffusion chamber 43 are located and which lie on the underlying insulation 44. Several transport rollers are driven by a chain drive connected outside the heating chamber.

Wie in Fig. 6 dargestellt, erfolgt der Antrieb der solcherart verbundenen Transportrollen durch eine dünne Antriebswelle 45 und 46, die kein Biegemoment übertragen muß. Durch diese Maßnahmen werden die Energieverluste minimiert.As shown in Fig. 6, the drive of the transport rollers connected in this way by a thin Drive shaft 45 and 46, which have no bending moment must transfer. Through these measures, the Minimized energy losses.

Eine andere Ausführungsvariante ist in Fig. 7 dargestellt. Danach können die Transportrollen in der Aufheiz-, Aufkohlungs- und Diffusionszone als hohle Zylinder 47 ausgeführt sein, in die ein Elektroheizelement oder Gasbrenner eingebracht wird und die mittels einer Drehdurchführung 48 angeflanscht werden. Dadurch wird die gesamte Anzahl an Durchführungen in die Aufheiz-, Aufkohlungs- und Diffusionskammern verringert.Another embodiment variant is shown in FIG. 7 shown. Then the transport rollers in the Heating, carburizing and diffusion zone as a hollow Cylinder 47 can be designed in which an electric heating element or gas burner is introduced and by means of a rotary union 48 are flanged. Thereby the total number of executions in the heating, carburizing and diffusion chambers are reduced.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung sind zahlreiche Abänderungen möglich. So könnte z.B. die Abschreckkammer 17 mit absenkbaren Transportrollen ausgeführt sein, die die Charge auf einem feststehenden Chargenträger absetzen, die Zahl der Aufkohlungskammern könnte von zwei und die Zahl der Diffusionskammern von drei abweichen.There are numerous changes within the scope of the invention possible. For example, the quenching chamber 17 executed with lowerable transport rollers be the batch on a fixed batch carrier settle the number of carburizing chambers could be of two and the number of diffusion chambers deviate from three.

Claims (8)

  1. A low-pressure carbonisation plant with several chambers arrayed one after another, through which charges are moved by means of transportation organs, defined by the combination of the following already known characteristics:
    the transportation organs take the form of a roller conveyance (22), which conveys the charges (4) one after another through
    a vacuum-tight entry sluice (6),
    an evacuatable heating chamber (7), in which the charges (4) can be heated under nitrogen at a pressure of from 100 to 200 kPa (1 to 2 bar),
    at least one carbonisation chamber (10, 11) for carbonising with carbonising gas at a pressure of from 0,1 to 60 kPa abs. (1 to 600 mbar abs.), preferably from 1 to 3 kPa abs. (10 to 10 mbar abs.),
    at least one diffusion chamber (13, 14) and
    a quenching chamber (17) for high-pressure gas quenching,
    the heating of the low-pressure carbonisation chamber and/or of the diffusion chamber takes place by means of jacket jet pipes, preferably by means of electric jet pipes or gas jet pipes,
    the rollers (22) in the charge space are supported by ceramic or graphite bearings (42), which are capable to taking up the bending moment and rest on the insulation (44) situated in an underlying position.
  2. A plant according to claim 1, in which the rollers of the roller conveyor (22) can be moved in an oscillating motion.
  3. A plant according to claim 1, in which a movable gas duct installation (35) situated inside the charge space limits the area affected by the cooling gas to the charge area and conveys the free cross-section with the charge.
  4. A plant according to claim 3, in which the movement of the gas duct installation (35) takes place by means of the roller drive.
  5. A plant according to claim 3, in which the movement of the gas duct installation (35) takes place by means of pneumatic cylinders.
  6. A plant according to one of the claims 1 to 5, in which the quenching chamber (17) is followed by a small roller hearth starter furnace (19).
  7. A plant according to one of the claims 1 to 6, in which two separate carbonisation chambers (10, 11) are arrayed one after the other.
  8. A plant according to one of the claims 1 to 7, in which the rollers take the form of hollow cylinders (47), in which electric jet elements are inserted and held in place by means of a rotary transmission leadthrough (48).
EP97890166A 1996-09-16 1997-08-19 Low pressure carburising device with a plurality of sequentially arranged chambers Expired - Lifetime EP0829554B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0163596A AT404029B (en) 1996-09-16 1996-09-16 LOW-PRESSURE REARING PLANT
AT1635/96 1996-09-16
AT163596 1996-09-16

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EP0829554B1 EP0829554B1 (en) 2000-04-26
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JP4540406B2 (en) * 2004-06-25 2010-09-08 富士重工業株式会社 Multi-stage continuous carburizing and quenching furnace and continuous carburizing and quenching method
DE102008020449A1 (en) * 2008-04-01 2009-10-15 Manfred Husslein Industrial furnace and method for operating an industrial furnace
CN108315544A (en) * 2018-04-08 2018-07-24 亚捷科技（唐山）股份有限公司 A kind of amino atmosphere roller stick furnace production system
CN110835722B (en) * 2019-11-27 2023-08-25 特诺恩技术（天津）有限公司 Sliding sealing furnace door for gear carburizing heat treatment
CN110846612A (en) * 2019-12-03 2020-02-28 上海丰东热处理工程有限公司 Vacuum carburizing heat treatment processing technology
CN114293136A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-08 重庆市星极齿轮有限责任公司 Workpiece heat treatment system

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DE59701501D1 (en) 2000-05-31
AT404029B (en) 1998-07-27
EP0829554A1 (en) 1998-03-18
EP0829554B1 (en) 2000-04-26

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