EP0735149B1 - Device for the vacuum heat treatment of metallic articles - Google Patents
Device for the vacuum heat treatment of metallic articles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0735149B1 EP0735149B1 EP96101733A EP96101733A EP0735149B1 EP 0735149 B1 EP0735149 B1 EP 0735149B1 EP 96101733 A EP96101733 A EP 96101733A EP 96101733 A EP96101733 A EP 96101733A EP 0735149 B1 EP0735149 B1 EP 0735149B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- kiln
- furnace
- constructed
- batches
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0037—Rotary furnaces with vertical axis; Furnaces with rotating floor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/16—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
- F27D2003/0059—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities comprising tracks, e.g. rails and wagon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0073—Seals
- F27D2099/0078—Means to minimize the leakage of the furnace atmosphere during charging or discharging
- F27D2099/008—Using an air-lock
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/04—Ram or pusher apparatus
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for heat treatment of metallic Workpieces under vacuum with a rotary cycle furnace with an annular Turntable and a feed lock and an output lock, the Work piece batches using the turntable to different Machining positions are movable.
- Such a device in which the workpieces to be treated by means of a Rotary plates can be fed to different processing positions known for example from DE-PS 40 05 956.
- this device is the turntable arranged in a vacuum chamber through partitions in different rooms divided so that different treatments different processing positions are possible.
- To be treated the workpiece batches arranged in the separated rooms different processing positions within the vacuum chamber supplied on which the workpieces undergo various plasma treatments and / or can be subjected to heat treatments.
- the object of the invention is to create a device for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces under vacuum, which allows a flexible change between different batches with different case hardening depths, without the change in carburizing conditions affecting the other batches.
- the technical solution to this problem by the invention is characterized in that the rotary cycle furnace is designed as a vacuum ring furnace for the diffusion phase and that at least one separate carburizing furnace chamber is arranged along the circumference and outside of the rotary cycle furnace at least between the feed lock and the output lock, into which the workpiece batches for a carburizing treatment can be introduced.
- the main advantage of such an embodiment according to the invention is that the rotary cycle oven is used only for diffusion and the workpiece batches for the carburizing phases in the separately arranged individual carburizing chambers are insertable. After a carburizing phase, the batch of workpieces becomes diffusion Move back into the rotary cycle oven until it is ready for another Phase of the carburizing process is again brought into a carburizing furnace chamber or but after completing the carburizing process via the output lock can be removed from the rotary cycle oven.
- the carburizing furnace chambers can in a rotary cycle furnace according to the invention as plasma furnaces or Vacuum furnaces should be designed.
- Preheating the feed lock to the treatment temperature is according to one advantageous further development of the invention between the feed lock and the rotary cycle oven switched at least one heating chamber. Since the Heating the workpiece batches from the outside, it can in particular be advantageous for solid workpieces that between the Heating chamber and the rotary cycle oven a temperature compensation chamber is interposed in which there is a uniform temperature distribution in can set the workpiece batch.
- the Compensation chamber as a hydrogen sputtering chamber for surface cleaning of the workpieces.
- a cleaning of the Workpiece surfaces using a hydrogen plasma is particularly then advantageous if the at least one arranged on the rotary cycle furnace Carburizing furnace chamber is designed as a plasma furnace.
- the delivery lock is as Cooling chamber trained.
- the direct design of the delivery lock as The cooling chamber enables a particularly space-saving and compact design the plant.
- the Cooling chamber designed as a gas quenching chamber or with a Liquid quenching bath.
- a hardening furnace can be interposed, in which the batch first on the Hardening temperature is cooled before it is then in the cooling chamber is deterred.
- Carburizing furnace chamber assigned two thrust devices, either can be operated electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically.
- the device for heat treatment of metallic shown in Fig. 1 Workpieces in batches 1 exist in the direction of the transport route Batches 1 from a feed lock 2, a heating chamber 3, one Compensation chamber 4, a rotary cycle oven 5 as a diffusion oven, two Carburizing furnace chambers 6 and an output lock 7.
- the feed lock 2 is removed from a batch store (not shown) via a transport device 8 with the workpiece batches to be treated loaded. After loading the feed lock 2 doors 2a and 2b the feed lock 2 is closed and the feed lock 2 via a Pump not shown evacuated because the subsequent treatment of the Batches 1 in the chambers 3 and 4 and the rotary cycle oven 5 under vacuum he follows. Then door 2b is opened, batch 1 by means of a Shock device 2c transported into the heating chamber 3 and the door 2b again locked.
- the Charge 1 by means of heaters, not shown, except for the Treatment temperature heated, d. H. up to the temperature, which is also in the Rotary cycle furnace 5 prevails.
- the heating chamber 3 is followed by the compensation chamber 4, wherein a door 3a between the heating chamber 3 and the compensation chamber 4 is arranged and the transport of the batch 1 within the heating chamber 3rd via an impact device 3c and the transport from the heating chamber 3 in the compensation chamber 4 takes place via an impact device 3b.
- a door 3a between the heating chamber 3 and the compensation chamber 4 is arranged and the transport of the batch 1 within the heating chamber 3rd via an impact device 3c and the transport from the heating chamber 3 in the compensation chamber 4 takes place via an impact device 3b.
- the heating of the batches 1 in the heating chamber 3 by means of Heating only from the outside via radiation in particular massive workpieces still have no even temperature distribution when the surface has already reached the treatment temperature and therefore the Charge 1 is removed from the heating chamber 3 in order not to carry the workpiece too high a temperature.
- the compensation chamber 4 the is also equipped with heaters, not shown, can Compensate the temperature in the workpiece.
- the temperature in the Compensation chamber 4 regulated so that it is always on a constant Temperature, namely the desired treatment temperature is maintained.
- the usual treatment temperatures are between 800 ° C and 1000 ° C.
- the batch 1 After reaching the treatment temperature, the batch 1 after the Opening a door 4a in the rotary cycle oven 5 by means of a pushing device 4b pushed and the door 4a closed again.
- the batch 1 is a direct way the carburizing furnace chambers 6 transported.
- the chambers 6 are before the insertion of a batch 1 by means of a pump, not shown evacuated.
- a furnace chamber door 6a is opened and on the inside of the rotary cycle furnace arranged shock device 6b Charge 1 pushed into the carburizing furnace chamber 6 and the furnace chamber door 6a closed again.
- the carburizing furnace chamber which either as Plasma oven or designed as a vacuum oven is the real one Carburization process completed.
- the carburizing furnace is switched off again for the duration of the carburization and, if necessary, the Process gas removed from the carburizing furnace chamber 6.
- the furnace chamber door 6a opened again and the batch 1 by means of one of the pushing device 6b opposite arranged shock device 6c back into the Rotary cycle oven 5 pushed.
- the diffusion phase takes place during which the Edge carbon content drops again.
- the described carburizing process and the diffusion phase repeated several times. Due to the structure of the device with the Rotary cycle furnace 5 for the diffusion phase and the outside Carburizing furnace chambers 6 for the actual carburizing process is one ensures optimal use of the device, since during an already Charge 1 treated in a carburizing furnace chamber 6 for the diffusion phase lingers in the rotary cycle oven 5, another batch 1 with possibly other ones Carburizing conditions are placed in the carburizing furnace chamber 6 can. Depending on how many carburizing furnace chambers 6 along the Scope of the rotary cycle oven 5 are arranged, the flexibility of this Device increased and the treatment time can be shortened.
- the second embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 2 is up to the area of the delivery lock 7 is identical to the device according to FIG. 1 trained.
- the Rotary cycle oven 5 and the output lock 7 designed as a cooling chamber Intermediate hardening furnace 9.
- Such a hardening furnace 9 is necessary if the carburizing temperature in the carburizing furnace chambers 6 clearly above that Curing temperature of batch 1 is, and batch 1 after Carburizing process and before quenching to hardening temperature must be cooled.
- batch 1 goes through after last diffusion phase in the rotary cycle furnace 5 first the hardening furnace 9, then in the cooling chamber of the delivery lock 7 to be quenched.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke unter Vakuum mit einem Rundtaktofen mit einem ringförmigen Drehteller sowie einer Aufgabeschleuse und einer Ausgabeschleuse, wobei die Werkstückchargen mittels des Drehtellers zu verschiedenen Bearbeitungspositionen verfahrbar sind.The invention relates to a device for heat treatment of metallic Workpieces under vacuum with a rotary cycle furnace with an annular Turntable and a feed lock and an output lock, the Work piece batches using the turntable to different Machining positions are movable.
Eine solche Vorrichtung, bei der die zu behandelnden Werkstücke mittels eines Drehtellers verschiedenen Bearbeitungspositionen zuführbar sind, ist beispielsweise aus der DE-PS 40 05 956 bekannt. Bei dieser Vorrichtung ist der in einer Vakuumkammer angeordnete Drehteller durch Trennwände in verschiedene Räume unterteilt, so daß unterschiedliche Behandlungen an verschiedenen Bearbeitungspositionen möglich sind. Zur Behandlung werden die in den abgetrennten Räumen angeordneten Werkstückchargen verschiedenen Bearbeitungspositionen innerhalb der Vakuumkammer zugeführt, an denen die Werkstücke verschiedenen Plasma-Behandlungen und/oder Wärmebehandlungen unterzogen werden können.Such a device in which the workpieces to be treated by means of a Rotary plates can be fed to different processing positions known for example from DE-PS 40 05 956. In this device is the turntable arranged in a vacuum chamber through partitions in different rooms divided so that different treatments different processing positions are possible. To be treated the workpiece batches arranged in the separated rooms different processing positions within the vacuum chamber supplied on which the workpieces undergo various plasma treatments and / or can be subjected to heat treatments.
Zwar ist es bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung möglich, verschiedene Chargen verschiedenen Behandlungen zu unterziehen, jedoch leidet die Flexibilität dieser bekannten Vorrichtung darunter, daß die Verweilzeit der Chargen in der Vakuumkammer von der längsten Behandlungsdauer einer Charge abhängt, da alle Chargen auf einem gemeinsamen Drehteller angeordnet sind und somit ein Verfahren des Drehtellers zu einer neuen Bearbeitungsposition oder zur Ausgabeschleuse erst dann stattfinden kann, wenn alle Bearbeitungen an den einzelnen Bearbeitungspositionen abgeschlossen sind.Although it is possible with this known device, different batches undergo different treatments, but flexibility suffers this known device including that the residence time of the batches in the Vacuum chamber depends on the longest treatment duration of a batch, because all batches are arranged on a common turntable and thus one Moving the turntable to a new processing position or Output lock can only take place when all processing to the individual processing positions are completed.
Ferner ist beispielsweise aus der EP-PS 0 198 871 die Verwendung eines Rundtaktofens zur Behandlung metallischer Werkstücke in einer Kohlungsatmosphäre bekannt. Bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung schließt sich an den ersten Rundtaktofen, in dem die Aufkohlungsphase abläuft, ein weiterer Rundtaktofen oder ein Durchstoßofen für die Diffusionsphase an. Dieses Anlagenkonzept ebenso wie das vorherbeschriebene Anlagenkonzept gemäß der DE-PS 40 05 956 sind im wesentlichen für zweistufige Aufkohlungsprozesse anwendbar, die aus einer Kohlungsphase und einer Diffusionsphase bestehen, die nacheinander ablaufen.Furthermore, for example from EP-PS 0 198 871 the use of a Rotary cycle furnace for the treatment of metallic workpieces in one Coaling atmosphere known. This known device closes to the first rotary indexing furnace in which the carburizing phase takes place another rotary cycle furnace or a push-through furnace for the diffusion phase. This system concept as well as the system concept described above according to DE-PS 40 05 956 are essentially for two-stage Carburizing processes applicable, which consist of a carburizing phase and a Diffusion phase exist, which take place one after the other.
Für Vakuumprozesse oder Plasmaprozesse, bei denen mehrere Kohlungsphasen und mehrere Diffusionsphasen abwechselnd nacheinander durchlaufen werden, sind diese bekannten Vorrichtungen nicht geeignet oder aber nicht flexibel genug.For vacuum processes or plasma processes in which several Carbonation phases and several diffusion phases alternately in succession are run through, these known devices are not suitable or but not flexible enough.
Aufgrund der hohen Stoffübertragungsrate bei Vakuumprozessen und Plasmaprozessen, bei denen schon nach wenigen Minuten die Karbidgrenze erreicht wird, muß sich an diese Stoffübertragungsphase eine Diffusionsphase anschließen, damit der Randkohlenstoffgehalt vor einer erneuten Stoffübertragungsphase absinkt. Je nach gewünschter Einsatzhärtetiefe muß dieser Wechsel zwischen Stoffübertragungsphase und Diffusionsphase mehrfach hintereinander wiederholt werden. Da bei der Vorrichtung gemäß der DE-PS 40 05 956 in der gesamten Vakuumkammer die gleiche Atmosphäre herrscht, können die Aufkohlungsbedingungen für einzelne Chargen nicht geändert werden, ohne die anderen im Rundtaktofen angeordneten Chargen in irgendeiner Weise zu beeinflussen.Due to the high mass transfer rate in vacuum processes and Plasma processes in which the carbide limit is reached after only a few minutes is reached, a diffusion phase must follow this mass transfer phase connect so that the marginal carbon content before a new one Mass transfer phase drops. Depending on the desired case hardening depth this change between mass transfer phase and diffusion phase can be repeated several times in succession. Since according to the device the DE-PS 40 05 956 in the entire vacuum chamber the same Atmosphere prevails, the carburizing conditions can vary for individuals Batches cannot be changed without the others in the rotary cycle oven to influence ordered batches in any way.
Davon ausgehend liegt die Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke unter Vakuum zu schaffen, die einen flexiblen Wechsel zwischen verschiedenen Chargen mit unterschiedlichen Einsatzhärtetiefen gestattet, ohne das der Wechsel der Aufkohlungsbedingungen die übrigen Chargen beeinflußt. Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is to create a device for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces under vacuum, which allows a flexible change between different batches with different case hardening depths, without the change in carburizing conditions affecting the other batches.
Die technische Lösung dieser Aufgabe durch die Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rundtaktofen als Vakuumringofen für die Diffusionsphase ausgebildet ist und daß entlang dem Umfang und außerhall des Rundtaktofens zumindest zwischen der Aufgabeschleuse und der Ausgabeschleuse mindestens eine gesonderte Aufkohlungsofenkammer angeordnet ist, in die die Werkstückchargen für eine Aufkohlungsbehandlung einbringbar sind.The technical solution to this problem by the invention is characterized in that the rotary cycle furnace is designed as a vacuum ring furnace for the diffusion phase and that at least one separate carburizing furnace chamber is arranged along the circumference and outside of the rotary cycle furnace at least between the feed lock and the output lock, into which the workpiece batches for a carburizing treatment can be introduced.
Der wesentliche Vorteil einer solchen erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung besteht darin, daß der Rundtaktofen nur für die Diffusion verwendet wird und die Werkstückchargen bedarfsweise für die Kohlungsphasen in die separat an dem Ring angeordneten einzelnen Aufkohlungskammern einschiebbar sind. Nach Ablauf einer Kohlungsphase wird die Werkstückcharge zur Diffusion zurück in den Rundtaktofen verfahren, bis diese für eine nächste Kohlungsphase erneut in eine Aufkohlungsofenkammer verbracht werden oder aber nach Abschluß des Aufkohlungsprozesses über die Ausgabeschleuse aus dem Rundtaktofen entnommen werden kann. Die Aufkohlungsofenkammern können bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Rundtaktofen als Plasmaöfen oder Vakuumöfen ausgebildet sein.The main advantage of such an embodiment according to the invention is that the rotary cycle oven is used only for diffusion and the workpiece batches for the carburizing phases in the separately arranged individual carburizing chambers are insertable. After a carburizing phase, the batch of workpieces becomes diffusion Move back into the rotary cycle oven until it is ready for another Phase of the carburizing process is again brought into a carburizing furnace chamber or but after completing the carburizing process via the output lock can be removed from the rotary cycle oven. The carburizing furnace chambers can in a rotary cycle furnace according to the invention as plasma furnaces or Vacuum furnaces should be designed.
Um die Werkstücke vor der Aufgabe in den Rundtaktofen über die Aufgabeschleuse auf die Behandlungstemperatur vorzuheizen, ist gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung zwischen die Aufgabeschleuse und den Rundtaktofen mindestens eine Aufheizkammer geschaltet. Da die Aufheizung der Werkstückchargen von außen erfolgt, kann es insbesondere bei massiveren Werkstücken vorteilhaft sein, daß zwischen der Aufheizkammer und dem Rundtaktofen eine Temperaturausgleichskammer zwischengeschaltet ist, in der sich eine gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung in der Werkstückcharge einstellen kann.To transfer the workpieces into the rotary cycle furnace before the task Preheating the feed lock to the treatment temperature is according to one advantageous further development of the invention between the feed lock and the rotary cycle oven switched at least one heating chamber. Since the Heating the workpiece batches from the outside, it can in particular be advantageous for solid workpieces that between the Heating chamber and the rotary cycle oven a temperature compensation chamber is interposed in which there is a uniform temperature distribution in can set the workpiece batch.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann die Ausgleichskammer als Wasserstoffsputter-Kammer zur Oberflächenreinigung der Werkstücke ausgebildet sein. Eine solche Reinigung der Werkstückoberflächen mittels eines Wasserstoffplasmas ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn die mindestens eine am Rundtaktofen angeordnete Aufkohlungsofenkammer als Plasmaofen ausgebildet ist. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the Compensation chamber as a hydrogen sputtering chamber for surface cleaning of the workpieces. Such a cleaning of the Workpiece surfaces using a hydrogen plasma is particularly then advantageous if the at least one arranged on the rotary cycle furnace Carburizing furnace chamber is designed as a plasma furnace.
Bei einer alternativen Ausführungsform ist die Ausgabeschleuse als Kühlkammer ausgebildet. Die direkte Ausbildung der Ausgabeschleuse als Kühlkammer ermöglicht eine besonders platzsparende und kompakte Bauweise der Anlage. Gemäß weiteren Ausführungsformen der Erfindung kann die Kühlkammer als Gasabschreckkammer ausgebildet oder mit einem Flüssigkeitsabschreckbad ausgerüstet sein.In an alternative embodiment, the delivery lock is as Cooling chamber trained. The direct design of the delivery lock as The cooling chamber enables a particularly space-saving and compact design the plant. According to further embodiments of the invention, the Cooling chamber designed as a gas quenching chamber or with a Liquid quenching bath.
Um auch Werkstückchargen behandeln zu können, bei denen die Kohlungstemperatur in der Aufkohlungsofenkammer deutlich über der Härtetemperatur liegt, kann zwischen dem Rundtaktofen und der Kühlkammer ein Härteofen zwischengeschaltet sein, in dem die Charge zuerst auf die Härtetemperatur abgekühlt wird, bevor sie anschließend in der Kühlkammer abgeschreckt wird.In order to also be able to treat workpiece batches in which the Carburizing temperature in the carburizing furnace chamber significantly above that Hardness temperature is between the rotary cycle oven and the cooling chamber a hardening furnace can be interposed, in which the batch first on the Hardening temperature is cooled before it is then in the cooling chamber is deterred.
Zum Verfahren der Werkstückchargen vom Rundtaktofen in eine Aufkohlungsofenkammer bzw. zum Verschieben aus einer Aufkohlungsofenkammer in den Rundtaktofen sind jeder Aufkohlungsofenkammer zwei Stoßeinrichtungen zugeordnet, die entweder elektrisch, pneumatisch oder hydraulisch betreibbar sind.For moving the workpiece batches from the rotary indexing furnace into a Carburizing furnace chamber or for moving out of a Carburizing furnace chambers in the rotary cycle furnace are everyone Carburizing furnace chamber assigned two thrust devices, either can be operated electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der zugehörigen Zeichnungen, in denen zwei Ausführungsbeispiele einer erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Vorrichtung schematisch dargestellt sind. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines flexiblen Ring-Vakuumofens und
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines flexiblen Ring-Vakuumofens.
- Fig. 1
- is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a flexible ring vacuum furnace and
- Fig. 2
- is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a flexible ring vacuum furnace.
Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer
Werkstücke in Chargen 1 besteht in Richtung des Transportweges der
Chargen 1 aus einer Aufgabeschleuse 2, einer Aufheizkammer 3, einer
Ausgleichskammer 4, einem Rundtaktofen 5 als Diffusionsofen, zwei
Aufkohlungsofenkammern 6 sowie einer Ausgabeschleuse 7. The device for heat treatment of metallic shown in Fig. 1
Workpieces in
Von einem nicht dargestellten Chargenspeicher wird die Aufgabeschleuse 2
über eine Transportvorrichtung 8 mit den zu behandelnden Werkstückchargen
beschickt. Nach dem Beladen der Aufgabeschleuse 2 werden Türen 2a und 2b
der Aufgabeschleuse 2 geschlossen und wird die Aufgabeschleuse 2 über eine
nicht dargestellte Pumpe evakuiert, da die nachfolgende Behandlung der
Chargen 1 in den Kammern 3 und 4 sowie dem Rundtaktofen 5 unter Vakuum
erfolgt. Anschließend wird die Tür 2b geöffnet, die Charge 1 mittels einer
Stoßeinrichtung 2c in die Aufheizkammer 3 befördert und die Tür 2b wieder
verschlossen.The
In der mit zwei Chargenplätzen dargestellten Aufheizkammer 3 wird die
Charge 1 mittels nicht dargestellter Heizungen bis auf die
Behandlungstemperatur aufgeheizt, d. h. bis auf die Temperatur, die auch im
Rundtaktofen 5 herrscht.In the
Der Aufheizkammer 3 schließt sich die Ausgleichskammer 4 an, wobei
zwischen der Aufheizkammer 3 und der Ausgleichskammer 4 eine Tür 3a
angeordnet ist und der Transport der Charge 1 innerhalb der Aufheizkammer 3
über eine Stoßeinrichtung 3c und der Transport von der Aufheizkammer 3 in
die Ausgleichskammer 4 über eine Stoßeinrichtung 3b erfolgt. Sobald eine
Charge 1 die Aufheizkammer 3 in die Ausgleichskammer 4 verlassen hat, wird
eine neue Charge 1 über die Aufgabeschleuse 2 in die Aufheizkammer 3
verbracht.The
Da die Aufheizung der Chargen 1 in der Aufheizkammer 3 mittels der
Heizungen nur von außen über Strahlung erfolgt, weisen insbesondere
massive Werkstücke noch keine gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung auf, wenn
die Oberfläche bereits die Behandlungstemperatur erreicht hat und deshalb die
Charge 1 aus der Aufheizkammer 3 entfernt wird, um das Werkstück nicht mit
einer zu hohen Temperatur zu belasten. In der Ausgleichskammer 4, die
ebenfalls mit nicht dargestellten Heizungen ausgerüstet ist, kann sich die
Temperatur im Werkstück ausgleichen. Hierzu ist die Temperatur in der
Ausgleichskammer 4 so geregelt, daß sie immer auf einer gleichbleibenden
Temperatur, nämlich der gewünschten Behandlungstemperatur gehalten wird.
Die üblichen Behandlungstemperaturen liegen zwischen 800°C und 1000°C. Since the heating of the
Nach dem Erreichen der Behandlungstemperatur wird die Charge 1 nach dem
Öffnen einer Tür 4a mittels einer Stoßeinrichtung 4b in den Rundtaktofen 5
geschoben und die Tür 4a wieder verschlossen. Mittels des ringförmigen
Drehtellers des Rundtaktofens 5 wird die Charge 1 auf direktem Wege zu einer
der Aufkohlungsofenkammern 6 transportiert. Die Kammern 6 werden vor
dem Einschieben einer Charge 1 mittels einer nicht dargestellten Pumpe
evakuiert. Dann wird eine Ofenkammertür 6a geöffnet und wird mittels einer,
auf der Innenseite des Rundtaktofens angeordneten Stoßeinrichtung 6b die
Charge 1 in die Aufkohlungsofenkammer 6 geschoben und die Ofenkammertür
6a wieder verschlossen. In der Aufkohlungsofenkammer, welche entweder als
Plasmaofen oder als Vakuumofen ausgelegt ist, wird der eigentliche
Aufkohlungsprozeß vollzogen. Nach Beendigung der vorgesehenen
Kohlungsdauer wird der Aufkohlungsofen wieder abgeschaltet und ggfs. das
Prozeßgas aus der Aufkohlungsofenkammer 6 entfernt. Nach erneuter
Evakuierung der Aufkohlungsofenkammer 6 wird die Ofenkammertür 6a
wieder geöffnet und die Charge 1 mittels einer der Stoßeinrichtung 6b
gegenüber angeordneten Stoßeinrichtung 6c wieder zurück in den
Rundtaktofen 5 geschoben.After reaching the treatment temperature, the
Im Rundtaktofen 5 findet anschließend an den Aufkohlungsprozeß unter
Vakuum bei gleichbleibender Temperatur die Diffusionsphase statt, bei der der
Randkohlenstoffgehalt wieder absinkt. Je nach gewünschter Einsatzhärtetiefe
werden der beschriebene Aufkohlungsprozeß und die Diffusionsphase
mehrfach wiederholt. Aufgrund des Aufbaus der Vorrichtung mit dem
Rundtaktofen 5 für die Diffusionsphase und den außen liegenden
Aufkohlungsofenkammern 6 für den eigentlichen Aufkohlungsprozeß ist eine
optimale Ausnutzung der Vorrichtung gewährleistet, da während eine bereits
in einer Aufkohlungsofenkammer 6 behandelte Charge 1 zur Diffusionsphase
im Rundtaktofen 5 verweilt, eine andere Charge 1 mit eventuell anderen
Aufkohlungsbedingungen in die Aufkohlunsofenkammer 6 verbracht werden
kann. Je nachdem, wie viele Aufkohlungsofenkammern 6 entlang dem
Umfang des Rundtaktofens 5 angeordnet sind, kann die Flexibilität dieser
Vorrichtung gesteigert und die Behandlungsdauer verkürzt werden.In the
Sobald der letzte Diffusionsprozeß im Rundtaktofen 5 abgelaufen ist, wird die
Charge 1 vor eine Tür 7a der Ausgabeschleuse 7 transportiert. Anschließend
wird die Ausgabeschleuse 7 evakuiert, die Tür 7a geöffnet und die Charge 1
mittels einer Stoßeinrichtung 7b in die Ausgabeschleuse 7 befördert. Nach
dem Verschließen der Tür 7a kann in der als Kühlkammer ausgebildeten
Ausgabeschleuse 7 die Charge 1 mit Gas oder in einem Flüssigkeitsbad
abgeschreckt werden.As soon as the last diffusion process in the
Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte zweite Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung ist bis auf
den Bereich der Ausgabeschleuse 7 identisch mit der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig.
1 ausgebildet. Bei dieser alternativen Ausführungsform ist zwischen dem
Rundtaktofen 5 und der als Kühlkammer ausgebildeten Ausgabeschleuse 7 ein
Härteofen 9 zwischengeschaltet. Ein solcher Härteofen 9 ist notwendig, wenn
die Kohlungstemperatur in den Aufkohlungsofenkammern 6 deutlich über der
Härtetemperatur der Charge 1 liegt, und die Charge 1 nach dem
Aufkohlungsprozeß und vor dem Abschrecken auf die Härtetemperatur
abgekühlt werden muß. Zu diesem Zweck durchläuft die Charge 1 nach der
letzten Diffusionsphase im Rundtaktofen 5 zuerst den Härteofen 9, um dann in
der Kühlkammer der Ausgabeschleuse 7 abgeschreckt zu werden.The second embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 2 is up to
the area of the
Mit einer solchermaßen ausgestalteten Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung
metallischer Werkstücke wird somit gewährleistet, daß Werkstückchargen mit
den unterschiedlichsten Härtebedingungen gleichzeitig mittels einer
Vorrichtung behandelt werden können, ohne daß die anzuwendenden
unterschiedlichen Härtebedingungen sich auf die anderen Chargen auswirken.
Neben der hohen Flexibilität der voranstehend beschriebenen Anlage
ermöglicht die Verwendung des Rundtaktofens 5 als reinem Diffusionsofen mit
den angeschlossenen einzelnen Aufkohlungsofenkammern 6 eine optimale
Ausnutzung der Vorrichtung, ohne daß einzelne Bearbeitungspositionen
aufgrund möglicher Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Chargen leerstehen
müßten. With a heat treatment device designed in this way
metallic workpieces is thus ensured that workpiece batches with
the different hardness conditions at the same time by means of
Device can be treated without the applied
different hardening conditions affect the other batches.
In addition to the high flexibility of the system described above
enables the use of the
- 11
- ChargeBatch
- 22nd
- AufgabeschleuseFeed lock
- 2a2a
- Türdoor
- 2b2 B
- Türdoor
- 2c2c
- StoßeinrichtungPushing device
- 33rd
- AufheizkammerHeating chamber
- 3a3a
- Türdoor
- 3b3b
- StoßeinrichtungPushing device
- 3c3c
- StoßeinrichtungPushing device
- 44th
- AusgleichskammerCompensation chamber
- 4a4a
- Türdoor
- 4b4b
- StoßeinrichtungPushing device
- 55
- RundtaktofenRotary cycle oven
- 66
- AufkohlungsofenkammerCarburizing furnace chamber
- 6a6a
- OfenkammertürOven chamber door
- 6b6b
- StoßeinrichtungPushing device
- 6c6c
- StoßeinrichtungPushing device
- 77
- AusgabeschleuseOutput lock
- 7a7a
- Türdoor
- 7b7b
- StoßeinrichtungPushing device
- 88th
- FördervorrichtungConveyor
- 99
- HärteofenHardening furnace
Claims (11)
- Apparatus for the heat treatment of metal work pieces in vacuo with a revolving kiln (5) with an annular turntable as well as a feed gate (2) and a discharge gate (7), wherein the work piece batches (1) are movable by means of the turntable to different treatment positions, characterised in that the revolving kiln (5) is constructed as a vacuum kiln for the diffusion phase and along the circumference of and outside the revolving kiln (5) at least between the feed gate (2) and the discharge gate (7) is arranged at least one carbonising kiln chamber (6) into which the work piece batches (1) can be introduced for carbonisation treatment.
- Apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the at least one carbonising kiln chamber (6) is constructed as a plasma kiln.
- Apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the at least one carbonising kiln chamber (6) is constructed as a vacuum kiln.
- Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that between the feed gate (2) and the revolving kiln (5) is connected at least one heating chamber (4).
- Apparatus according to claim 4, characterised in that between the at least one heating chamber (3) and the revolving kiln (5) is connected at least one equalising chamber (4).
- Apparatus according to claim 5, characterised in that the at least one equalising chamber (4) is constructed as a hydrogen sputter chamber for surface cleaning of the work piece batches (1).
- Apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that the discharge gate (7) is constructed as a cooling chamber.
- Apparatus according to claim 7, characterised in that the cooling chamber is constructed as a gas quenching chamber.
- Apparatus according to claim 7, characterised in that the cooling chamber is equipped with a liquid bath.
- Apparatus according to claim 7, characterised in that between the discharge gate (7) constructed as a cooling chamber and the revolving kiln (5) is connected a hardening kiln (9).
- Apparatus according to claim 1, characterised in that associated with each carbonising kiln chamber (6) are two pusher devices (6b, 6c) for, under electric, pneumatic or hydraulic operation, displacing the batches (1) from the revolving kiln (5) into the carbonising kiln chamber (6) or from the carbonising kiln chamber (6) back into the revolving kiln (5).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE29505496U | 1995-03-31 | ||
| DE29505496U DE29505496U1 (en) | 1995-03-31 | 1995-03-31 | Device for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces under vacuum |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0735149A1 EP0735149A1 (en) | 1996-10-02 |
| EP0735149B1 true EP0735149B1 (en) | 1999-12-22 |
Family
ID=8006191
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96101733A Expired - Lifetime EP0735149B1 (en) | 1995-03-31 | 1996-02-07 | Device for the vacuum heat treatment of metallic articles |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5722825A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0735149B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH08285462A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE187985T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2173058A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE29505496U1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2141401T3 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3895000B2 (en) * | 1996-06-06 | 2007-03-22 | Ｄｏｗａホールディングス株式会社 | Carburizing, quenching and tempering method and apparatus |
| DE19639933C1 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-04-09 | Franz Hillingrathner | Compact orbital heat treatment furnace |
| DE19635257C1 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-12 | Franz Hillingrathner | Compact orbital heat treatment furnace |
| DE19638106C1 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-04-09 | Franz Hillingrathner | Compact orbital heat treatment furnace |
| ES2163791T3 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 2002-02-01 | Franz Hillingrathner | ROTARY OVEN FOR THE TREATMENT OF WORK PIECES. |
| AT404029B (en) * | 1996-09-16 | 1998-07-27 | Ald Aichelin Ges M B H | LOW-PRESSURE REARING PLANT |
| GB9704229D0 (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1997-04-16 | Mckechnie Plc | Fastener installing machine |
| JPH1129821A (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1999-02-02 | Ntn Corp | Carburizing and quenching device |
| DE19953654A1 (en) * | 1999-11-08 | 2001-05-23 | Pink Gmbh Vakuumtechnik | Method and device for producing a solder connection |
| JP4537522B2 (en) * | 2000-02-07 | 2010-09-01 | 中外炉工業株式会社 | Intermittently driven vacuum carburizing furnace |
| ATE335859T1 (en) * | 2001-01-26 | 2006-09-15 | Ipsen Int Gmbh | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR TRANSPORTING METAL WORKPIECES AND SYSTEM FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT OF THESE WORKPIECES |
| JP5092170B2 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2012-12-05 | Ｄｏｗａサーモテック株式会社 | Carburizing and quenching method and carburizing and quenching apparatus |
| JP5428031B2 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2014-02-26 | Ｄｏｗａサーモテック株式会社 | Carburizing method and apparatus |
| US7276204B2 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2007-10-02 | Dowa Thermotech Co., Ltd. | Carburization treatment method and carburization treatment apparatus |
| JP5428032B2 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2014-02-26 | Ｄｏｗａサーモテック株式会社 | Carburizing method |
| ATE391193T1 (en) * | 2002-02-04 | 2008-04-15 | Ipsen Int Gmbh | METHOD FOR HEAT TREATING METALLIC WORKPIECES AND HEAT TREATED WORKPIECES |
| DE10310739A1 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2003-10-09 | Loi Thermprocess Gmbh | Device for heat treating workpieces has an opening for charging/discharging in the outer wall of a rotary furnace in a last treatment zone |
| ATE523180T1 (en) | 2003-02-12 | 2011-09-15 | Procter & Gamble | ABSORBENT CORE FOR AN ABSORBENT ARTICLE |
| US20050016831A1 (en) * | 2003-07-24 | 2005-01-27 | Paganessi Joseph E. | Generation of acetylene for on-site use in carburization and other processes |
| US8684988B2 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2014-04-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Disposable absorbent article having barrier cuff strips |
| US7598477B2 (en) * | 2005-02-07 | 2009-10-06 | Guy Smith | Vacuum muffle quench furnace |
| US20090304907A1 (en) * | 2008-06-09 | 2009-12-10 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Coating system and method for coating a substrate |
| PL2607504T3 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2018-07-31 | Ipsen International Gmbh | Load transport mechanism for a multi-station heat treating system |
| DE102012019653A1 (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2014-04-10 | Ipsen International Gmbh | Gas-tight protective gas-blast industrial furnace, in particular chamber furnace, pusher furnace, rotary hearth furnace or ring hearth furnace |
| DE102013006589A1 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-10-23 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh | Method and device for the thermochemical hardening of workpieces |
| CN103276165B (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2016-09-07 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | A kind of annular furnace energy-saving operation method therof |
| PL228603B1 (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2018-04-30 | Seco/Warwick Spolka Akcyjna | Multi-chamber furnace for vacuum carburizing and hardening of toothed wheels, rollers, rings, and similar parts |
| DE112018002730T5 (en) * | 2017-05-29 | 2020-03-05 | Ihi Corporation | Multi-chamber heat treatment device |
| FR3073937B1 (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2020-08-14 | Ceritherm | HEAT TREATMENT PLANT FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS. |
| CN111424154B (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2021-01-19 | 浙江三基钢管有限公司 | Heating furnace capable of discharging materials quantitatively |
| EP4314683A1 (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2024-02-07 | Aerospace Transmission Technologies GmbH | Control device and method for controlling a system and a process for the thermal treatment of metal workpieces |
| CN116121504B (en) * | 2023-02-21 | 2023-09-22 | 北京中孚悦达真空科技有限公司 | Vertical vacuum water quenching furnace |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3209245A1 (en) * | 1982-03-13 | 1983-09-15 | Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim | TURNING OVENS |
| FR2617953B2 (en) * | 1982-04-27 | 1989-11-03 | Innovatique Sa | ROTATING SOLE FOR THERMAL, THERMOCHEMICAL OR ELECTROTHERMAL TREATMENT OF METALS UNDER RAREFIED OR CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE |
| GB2162208B (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1988-07-06 | Ipsen Ind Int Gmbh | Heat treatment of metal workpieces |
| DE3435376C2 (en) * | 1984-09-27 | 1996-09-12 | Loi Ipsen Holding Gmbh | Process for heat treatment of workpieces |
| SE450389B (en) * | 1984-10-02 | 1987-06-22 | Volvo Ab | METHOD AND PLANT FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF DETAILS WITH VARIOUS REQUIREMENTS FOR HEAT TREATMENT TIME |
| DE8711235U1 (en) * | 1987-08-18 | 1987-10-22 | Ruhrgas Ag, 4300 Essen, De | |
| JPH0287063U (en) * | 1988-12-22 | 1990-07-10 | ||
| DE4005956C1 (en) * | 1990-02-26 | 1991-06-06 | Siegfried Dipl.-Ing. Dr. 5135 Selfkant De Straemke | |
| US5143558A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1992-09-01 | Thermo Process Systems Inc. | Method of heat treating metal parts in an integrated continuous and batch furnace system |
| US5324366A (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 1994-06-28 | Caterpillar Inc. | Heat treat furnace system for performing different carburizing processes simultaneously |
-
1995
- 1995-03-31 DE DE29505496U patent/DE29505496U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-02-07 AT AT96101733T patent/ATE187985T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-02-07 ES ES96101733T patent/ES2141401T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-07 EP EP96101733A patent/EP0735149B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-07 DE DE59603946T patent/DE59603946D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-15 JP JP8085955A patent/JPH08285462A/en active Pending
- 1996-03-29 US US08/624,965 patent/US5722825A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-29 CA CA002173058A patent/CA2173058A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5722825A (en) | 1998-03-03 |
| EP0735149A1 (en) | 1996-10-02 |
| DE29505496U1 (en) | 1995-06-01 |
| DE59603946D1 (en) | 2000-01-27 |
| JPH08285462A (en) | 1996-11-01 |
| CA2173058A1 (en) | 1996-10-01 |
| ATE187985T1 (en) | 2000-01-15 |
| ES2141401T3 (en) | 2000-03-16 |
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