EP0735149A1 - Device for the vacuum heat treatment of metallic articles - Google Patents

Device for the vacuum heat treatment of metallic articles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0735149A1
EP0735149A1 EP96101733A EP96101733A EP0735149A1 EP 0735149 A1 EP0735149 A1 EP 0735149A1 EP 96101733 A EP96101733 A EP 96101733A EP 96101733 A EP96101733 A EP 96101733A EP 0735149 A1 EP0735149 A1 EP 0735149A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace
chamber
carburizing
rotary
designed
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Granted
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EP96101733A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0735149B1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Dr. Edenhofer
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Ipsen International GmbH
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Ipsen International GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0037—Rotary furnaces with vertical axis; Furnaces with rotating floor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/16—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0059—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities comprising tracks, e.g. rails and wagon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0073—Seals
    • F27D2099/0078—Means to minimize the leakage of the furnace atmosphere during charging or discharging
    • F27D2099/008—Using an air-lock
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/04—Ram or pusher apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces under vacuum with a rotary cycle furnace with an annular turntable and a feed lock and an output lock, wherein the workpiece batches can be moved to different processing positions by means of the turntable.
  • Such a device in which the workpieces to be treated can be fed to different machining positions by means of a turntable, is known, for example, from DE-PS 40 05 956.
  • the turntable arranged in a vacuum chamber is divided into different rooms by partitions, so that different treatments at different processing positions are possible.
  • the workpiece batches arranged in the separated rooms are fed to different processing positions within the vacuum chamber, at which the workpieces can be subjected to various plasma treatments and / or heat treatments.
  • EP-PS 0 198 871 discloses the use of a rotary cycle furnace for the treatment of metallic workpieces in a carburizing atmosphere.
  • the first rotary cycle furnace in which the carburizing phase takes place, is followed by a further rotary cycle furnace or a piercing furnace for the diffusion phase.
  • This plant concept as well as the previously described plant concept according to DE-PS 40 05 956 can essentially be used for two-stage carburizing processes which consist of a carburizing phase and a diffusion phase which take place in succession.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces under vacuum, which allows a flexible change between different batches with different case hardening depths, without the change in carburizing conditions affecting the other batches.
  • the technical solution to this problem by the invention is characterized in that the rotary cycle furnace is designed as a vacuum ring furnace for the diffusion phase and that at least one separate carburizing furnace chamber is arranged on the periphery of the rotary cycle furnace at least between the feed lock and the output lock, into which the workpiece batches can be introduced for a carburizing treatment are.
  • the main advantage of such an embodiment according to the invention is that the rotary cycle furnace is used only for the diffusion and the workpiece batches can be inserted, if necessary, for the carburizing phases into the individual carburizing chambers arranged separately on the ring. After a carburizing phase, the batch of workpieces is moved back into the rotary kiln for diffusion until it is again brought into a carburizing furnace chamber for a next carburizing phase or until the carburizing process can be removed from the rotary kiln after the carburizing process has ended.
  • the carburizing furnace chambers can be designed as plasma furnaces or vacuum furnaces.
  • At least one heating chamber is connected between the feed lock and the rotary transfer oven. Since the workpiece batches are heated from the outside, it can be advantageous, in particular in the case of solid workpieces, that a temperature compensation chamber is interposed between the heating chamber and the rotary cycle furnace, in which a uniform temperature distribution in the workpiece batch can be established.
  • the compensation chamber can be designed as a hydrogen sputtering chamber for cleaning the surface of the workpieces.
  • a hydrogen sputtering chamber for cleaning the surface of the workpieces.
  • Such cleaning of the workpiece surfaces by means of a hydrogen plasma is particularly advantageous if the at least one carburizing furnace chamber arranged on the rotary indexing furnace is designed as a plasma furnace.
  • the delivery lock is designed as a cooling chamber.
  • the direct design of the delivery lock as a cooling chamber enables a particularly space-saving and compact construction of the system.
  • the cooling chamber can be designed as a gas quenching chamber or can be equipped with a liquid quenching bath.
  • a hardening furnace can be inserted between the rotary indexing furnace and the cooling chamber, in which the batch is first cooled to the hardening temperature before it is subsequently quenched in the cooling chamber becomes.
  • each carburizing furnace chamber is assigned two impact devices which can be operated either electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically.
  • the device for heat treatment of metallic workpieces in batches 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of a feed lock 2, a heating chamber 3, a compensation chamber 4, a rotary cycle furnace 5 as a diffusion furnace, two carburizing furnace chambers 6 and an output lock 7 in the direction of the transport path of the batches 1.
  • the feed lock 2 is loaded with the workpiece batches to be treated from a batch store (not shown) via a transport device 8.
  • doors 2a and 2b of the feed lock 2 are closed and the feed lock 2 is evacuated by a pump, not shown, since the subsequent treatment of the batches 1 in the chambers 3 and 4 and the rotary cycle oven 5 is carried out under vacuum.
  • the door 2b is then opened, the batch 1 is conveyed into the heating chamber 3 by means of a pushing device 2c and the door 2b is closed again.
  • the batch 1 is heated up to the treatment temperature by means of heaters (not shown). H. except for the temperature that also prevails in rotary cycle furnace 5.
  • the heating chamber 3 is followed by the compensation chamber 4, a door 3a being arranged between the heating chamber 3 and the compensation chamber 4 and the transport of the batch 1 within the heating chamber 3 via a pushing device 3c and the transport from the heating chamber 3 into the compensation chamber 4 an impact device 3b takes place.
  • a batch 1 has left the heating chamber 3 into the equalization chamber 4, a new batch 1 is brought into the heating chamber 3 via the feed lock 2.
  • the batches 1 in the heating chamber 3 are only heated from the outside by radiation, in particular massive workpieces do not yet have a uniform temperature distribution when the surface has already reached the treatment temperature and therefore batch 1 is removed from the heating chamber 3, in order not to load the workpiece with too high a temperature.
  • the temperature in the workpiece can compensate.
  • the temperature in the compensation chamber 4 is regulated so that it is always kept at a constant temperature, namely the desired treatment temperature.
  • the usual treatment temperatures are between 800 ° C and 1000 ° C.
  • the batch 1 is pushed into the rotary cycle oven 5 by means of a pushing device 4b and the door 4a is closed again.
  • the batch 1 is transported directly to one of the carburizing furnace chambers 6 by means of the annular rotary plate of the rotary kiln 5.
  • the chambers 6 are evacuated by means of a pump (not shown) before a batch 1 is inserted.
  • a furnace chamber door 6a is opened and the batch 1 is pushed into the carburizing furnace chamber 6 by means of a pushing device 6b arranged on the inside of the rotary kiln and the furnace chamber door 6a is closed again.
  • the actual carburizing process is carried out in the carburizing furnace chamber, which is designed either as a plasma furnace or as a vacuum furnace.
  • the carburizing furnace is switched off again and, if necessary, the process gas is removed from the carburizing furnace chamber 6.
  • the furnace chamber door 6a is opened again and the batch 1 is pushed back into the rotary cycle furnace 5 by means of a pushing device 6c arranged opposite the pushing device 6b.
  • the diffusion phase takes place, in which the marginal carbon content drops again.
  • the described carburizing process and the diffusion phase are repeated several times. Due to the construction of the device with the rotary furnace 5 for the diffusion phase and the external carburizing furnace chambers 6 for the actual carburizing process, an optimal utilization of the device is guaranteed, since while a batch 1 already treated in a carburizing furnace chamber 6 remains in the rotary furnace 5 for the diffusion phase, another one Batch 1 with possibly different carburizing conditions can be brought into the carburizing furnace chamber 6. Depending on how many carburizing furnace chambers 6 are arranged along the circumference of the rotary furnace 5, the flexibility of this device can be increased and the treatment time can be shortened.
  • the batch 1 is transported in front of a door 7a of the delivery lock 7. Subsequently the output lock 7 is evacuated, the door 7a is opened and the batch 1 is conveyed into the output lock 7 by means of an impact device 7b. After the door 7a has been closed, the batch 1 can be quenched with gas or in a liquid bath in the output lock 7 designed as a cooling chamber.
  • the second embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 2 is identical to the device according to FIG. 1 except for the area of the delivery lock 7.
  • a hardening furnace 9 is interposed between the rotary cycle furnace 5 and the output lock 7 designed as a cooling chamber.
  • Such a hardening furnace 9 is necessary if the carburizing temperature in the carburizing furnace chambers 6 is clearly above the hardening temperature of batch 1 and the batch 1 has to be cooled to the hardening temperature after the carburizing process and before quenching.
  • the batch 1 first passes through the hardening furnace 9 after the last diffusion phase in the rotary cycle furnace 5, in order then to be quenched in the cooling chamber of the delivery lock 7.

Abstract

Vacuum heat treatment furnace for metal components, comprising a rotary furnace (5) with a ring-shaped rotary charge plate with an entry lock (2) and exit lock (7) whereby the charges (1) can be transferred to various treatment positions, the rotary furnace (5) being a vacuum furnace for the diffusion phase and having ≥ 1 carburisation chamber (6) on its periphery between the entry (2) and exit lock (7) into which the charges (1) are transferred for treatment.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke unter Vakuum mit einem Rundtaktofen mit einem ringförmigen Drehteller sowie einer Aufgabeschleuse und einer Ausgabeschleuse, wobei die Werkstückchargen mittels des Drehtellers zu verschiedenen Bearbeitungspositionen verfahrbar sind.The invention relates to a device for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces under vacuum with a rotary cycle furnace with an annular turntable and a feed lock and an output lock, wherein the workpiece batches can be moved to different processing positions by means of the turntable.

Eine solche Vorrichtung, bei der die zu behandelnden Werkstücke mittels eines Drehtellers verschiedenen Bearbeitungspositionen zuführbar sind, ist beispielsweise aus der DE-PS 40 05 956 bekannt. Bei dieser Vorrichtung ist der in einer Vakuumkammer angeordnete Drehteller durch Trennwände in verschiedene Räume unterteilt, so daß unterschiedliche Behandlungen an verschiedenen Bearbeitungspositionen möglich sind. Zur Behandlung werden die in den abgetrennten Räumen angeordneten Werkstückchargen verschiedenen Bearbeitungspositionen innerhalb der Vakuumkammer zugeführt, an denen die Werkstücke verschiedenen Plasma-Behandlungen und/oder Wärmebehandlungen unterzogen werden können.Such a device, in which the workpieces to be treated can be fed to different machining positions by means of a turntable, is known, for example, from DE-PS 40 05 956. In this device, the turntable arranged in a vacuum chamber is divided into different rooms by partitions, so that different treatments at different processing positions are possible. For treatment, the workpiece batches arranged in the separated rooms are fed to different processing positions within the vacuum chamber, at which the workpieces can be subjected to various plasma treatments and / or heat treatments.

Zwar ist es bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung möglich, verschiedene Chargen verschiedenen Behandlungen zu unterziehen, jedoch leidet die Flexibilität dieser bekannten Vorrichtung darunter, daß die Verweilzeit der Chargen in der Vakuumkammer von der längsten Behandlungsdauer einer Charge abhängt, da alle Chargen auf einem gemeinsamen Drehteller angeordnet sind und somit ein Verfahren des Drehtellers zu einer neuen Bearbeitungsposition oder zur Ausgabeschleuse erst dann stattfinden kann, wenn alle Bearbeitungen an den einzelnen Bearbeitungspositionen abgeschlossen sind.Although it is possible with this known device to subject different batches to different treatments, the flexibility of this known device suffers from the fact that the residence time of the batches in the vacuum chamber depends on the longest treatment time of a batch, since all batches are arranged on a common turntable and thus a movement of the turntable to a new processing position or Output lock can only take place when all processing at the individual processing positions have been completed.

Ferner ist beispielsweise aus der EP-PS 0 198 871 die Verwendung eines Rundtaktofens zur Behandlung metallischer Werkstücke in einer Kohlungsatmosphäre bekannt. Bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung schließt sich an den ersten Rundtaktofen, in dem die Aufkohlungsphase abläuft, ein weiterer Rundtaktofen oder ein Durchstoßofen für die Diffusionsphase an. Dieses Anlagenkonzept ebenso wie das vorherbeschriebene Anlagenkonzept gemäß der DE-PS 40 05 956 sind im wesentlichen für zweistufige Aufkohlungsprozesse anwendbar, die aus einer Kohlungsphase und einer Diffusionsphase bestehen, die nacheinander ablaufen.Furthermore, EP-PS 0 198 871, for example, discloses the use of a rotary cycle furnace for the treatment of metallic workpieces in a carburizing atmosphere. In this known device, the first rotary cycle furnace, in which the carburizing phase takes place, is followed by a further rotary cycle furnace or a piercing furnace for the diffusion phase. This plant concept as well as the previously described plant concept according to DE-PS 40 05 956 can essentially be used for two-stage carburizing processes which consist of a carburizing phase and a diffusion phase which take place in succession.

Für Vakuumprozesse oder Plasmaprozesse, bei denen mehrere Kohlungsphasen und mehrere Diffusionsphasen abwechselnd nacheinander durchlaufen werden, sind diese bekannten Vorrichtungen nicht geeignet oder aber nicht flexibel genug.These known devices are not suitable or are not flexible enough for vacuum processes or plasma processes in which a plurality of carburizing phases and a plurality of diffusion phases are alternately passed through in succession.

Aufgrund der hohen Stoffübertragungsrate bei Vakuumprozessen und Plasmaprozessen, bei denen schon nach wenigen Minuten die Karbidgrenze erreicht wird, muß sich an diese Stoffübertragungsphase eine Diffusionsphase anschließen, damit der Randkohlenstoffgehalt vor einer erneuten Stoffübertragungsphase absinkt. Je nach gewünschter Einsatzhärtetiefe muß dieser Wechsel zwischen Stoffübertragungsphase und Diffusionsphase mehrfach hintereinander wiederholt werden. Da bei der Vorrichtung gemäß der DE-PS 40 05 956 in der gesamten Vakuumkammer die gleiche Atmosphäre herrscht, können die Aufkohlungsbedingungen für einzelne Chargen nicht geändert werden, ohne die anderen im Rundtaktofen angeordneten Chargen in irgendeiner Weise zu beeinflussen.Due to the high mass transfer rate in vacuum processes and plasma processes, in which the carbide limit is reached after only a few minutes, a diffusion phase must follow this mass transfer phase so that the marginal carbon content drops before a new mass transfer phase. Depending on the desired case hardening depth, this change between mass transfer phase and diffusion phase must be repeated several times in succession. Since the same atmosphere prevails in the entire vacuum chamber in the device according to DE-PS 40 05 956, the carburizing conditions for individual batches cannot be changed without influencing the other batches arranged in the rotary cycle furnace in any way.

Davon ausgehend liegt die Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke unter Vakuum zu schaffen, die einen flexiblen Wechsel zwischen verschiedenen Chargen mit unterschiedlichen Einsatzhärtetiefen gestattet, ohne das der Wechsel der Aufkohlungsbedingungen die übrigen Chargen beeinflußt.Proceeding from this, the invention has for its object to provide a device for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces under vacuum, which allows a flexible change between different batches with different case hardening depths, without the change in carburizing conditions affecting the other batches.

Die technische Lösung dieser Aufgabe durch die Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rundtaktofen als Vakuumringofen für die Diffusionsphase ausgebildet ist und daR am Umfang des Rundtaktofens zumindest zwischen der Aufgabeschleuse und der Ausgabeschleuse mindestens eine gesonderte Aufkohlungsofenkammer angeordnet ist, in die die Werkstückchargen für eine Aufkohlungsbehandlung einbringbar sind.The technical solution to this problem by the invention is characterized in that the rotary cycle furnace is designed as a vacuum ring furnace for the diffusion phase and that at least one separate carburizing furnace chamber is arranged on the periphery of the rotary cycle furnace at least between the feed lock and the output lock, into which the workpiece batches can be introduced for a carburizing treatment are.

Der wesentliche Vorteil einer solchen erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung besteht darin, daß der Rundtaktofen nur für die Diffusion verwendet wird und die Werkstückchargen bedarfsweise für die Kohlungsphasen in die separat an dem Ring angeordneten einzelnen Aufkohlungskammern einschiebbar sind. Nach Ablauf einer Kohlungsphase wird die Werkstückcharge zur Diffusion zurück in den Rundtaktofen verfahren, bis diese für eine nächste Kohlungsphase erneut in eine Aufkohlungsofenkammer verbracht werden oder aber nach Abschluß des Aufkohlungsprozesses über die Ausgabeschleuse aus dem Rundtaktofen entnommen werden kann. Die Aufkohlungsofenkammern können bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Rundtaktofen als Plasmaöfen oder Vakuumöfen ausgebildet sein.The main advantage of such an embodiment according to the invention is that the rotary cycle furnace is used only for the diffusion and the workpiece batches can be inserted, if necessary, for the carburizing phases into the individual carburizing chambers arranged separately on the ring. After a carburizing phase, the batch of workpieces is moved back into the rotary kiln for diffusion until it is again brought into a carburizing furnace chamber for a next carburizing phase or until the carburizing process can be removed from the rotary kiln after the carburizing process has ended. In a rotary cycle furnace according to the invention, the carburizing furnace chambers can be designed as plasma furnaces or vacuum furnaces.

Um die Werkstücke vor der Aufgabe in den Rundtaktofen über die Aufgabeschleuse auf die Behandlungstemperatur vorzuheizen, ist gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung zwischen die Aufgabeschleuse und den Rundtaktofen mindestens eine Aufheizkammer geschaltet. Da die Aufheizung der Werkstückchargen von außen erfolgt, kann es insbesondere bei massiveren Werkstücken vorteilhaft sein, daß zwischen der Aufheizkammer und dem Rundtaktofen eine Temperaturausgleichskammer zwischengeschaltet ist, in der sich eine gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung in der Werkstückcharge einstellen kann.In order to preheat the workpieces to the treatment temperature in the rotary transfer oven via the feed lock before the task, according to an advantageous further development of the invention, at least one heating chamber is connected between the feed lock and the rotary transfer oven. Since the workpiece batches are heated from the outside, it can be advantageous, in particular in the case of solid workpieces, that a temperature compensation chamber is interposed between the heating chamber and the rotary cycle furnace, in which a uniform temperature distribution in the workpiece batch can be established.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann die Ausgleichskammer als Wasserstoffsputter-Kammer zur Oberflächenreinigung der Werkstücke ausgebildet sein. Eine solche Reinigung der Werkstückoberflächen mittels eines Wasserstoffplasmas ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn die mindestens eine am Rundtaktofen angeordnete Aufkohlungsofenkammer als Plasmaofen ausgebildet ist.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the compensation chamber can be designed as a hydrogen sputtering chamber for cleaning the surface of the workpieces. Such cleaning of the workpiece surfaces by means of a hydrogen plasma is particularly advantageous if the at least one carburizing furnace chamber arranged on the rotary indexing furnace is designed as a plasma furnace.

Bei einer alternativen Ausführungsform ist die Ausgabeschleuse als Kühlkammer ausgebildet. Die direkte Ausbildung der Ausgabeschleuse als Kühlkammer ermöglicht eine besonders platzsparende und kompakte Bauweise der Anlage. Gemäß weiteren Ausführungsformen der Erfindung kann die Kühlkammer als Gasabschreckkammer ausgebildet oder mit einem Flüssigkeitsabschreckbad ausgerüstet sein.In an alternative embodiment, the delivery lock is designed as a cooling chamber. The direct design of the delivery lock as a cooling chamber enables a particularly space-saving and compact construction of the system. According to further embodiments of the invention, the cooling chamber can be designed as a gas quenching chamber or can be equipped with a liquid quenching bath.

Um auch Werkstückchargen behandeln zu können, bei denen die Kohlungstemperatur in der Aufkohlungsofenkammer deutlich über der Härtetemperatur liegt, kann zwischen dem Rundtaktofen und der Kühlkammer ein Härteofen zwischengeschaltet sein, in dem die Charge zuerst auf die Härtetemperatur abgekühlt wird, bevor sie anschließend in der Kühlkammer abgeschreckt wird.In order to be able to treat batches of workpieces in which the carburizing temperature in the carburizing furnace chamber is significantly higher than the hardening temperature, a hardening furnace can be inserted between the rotary indexing furnace and the cooling chamber, in which the batch is first cooled to the hardening temperature before it is subsequently quenched in the cooling chamber becomes.

Zum Verfahren der Werkstückchargen vom Rundtaktofen in eine Aufkohlungsofenkammer bzw. zum Verschieben aus einer Aufkohlungsofenkammer in den Rundtaktofen sind jeder Aufkohlungsofenkammer zwei Stoßeinrichtungen zugeordnet, die entweder elektrisch, pneumatisch oder hydraulisch betreibbar sind.To move the batches of workpieces from the rotary kiln into a carburizing furnace chamber or to move them out of a carburizing furnace chamber into the rotary indexing furnace, each carburizing furnace chamber is assigned two impact devices which can be operated either electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der zugehörigen Zeichnungen, in denen zwei Ausführungsbeispiele einer erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Vorrichtung schematisch dargestellt sind. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform eines flexiblen Ring-Vakuumofens und
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines flexiblen Ring-Vakuumofens.
Further details and advantages result from the following description of the associated drawings, in which two exemplary embodiments of a device designed according to the invention are shown schematically. The drawings show:
Fig. 1
is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a flexible ring vacuum furnace and
Fig. 2
is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a flexible ring vacuum furnace.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke in Chargen 1 besteht in Richtung des Transportweges der Chargen 1 aus einer Aufgabeschleuse 2, einer Aufheizkammer 3, einer Ausgleichskammer 4, einem Rundtaktofen 5 als Diffusionsofen, zwei Aufkohlungsofenkammern 6 sowie einer Ausgabeschleuse 7.The device for heat treatment of metallic workpieces in batches 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of a feed lock 2, a heating chamber 3, a compensation chamber 4, a rotary cycle furnace 5 as a diffusion furnace, two carburizing furnace chambers 6 and an output lock 7 in the direction of the transport path of the batches 1.

Von einem nicht dargestellten Chargenspeicher wird die Aufgabeschleuse 2 über eine Transportvorrichtung 8 mit den zu behandelnden Werkstückchargen beschickt. Nach dem Beladen der Aufgabeschleuse 2 werden Türen 2a und 2b der Aufgabeschleuse 2 geschlossen und wird die Aufgabeschleuse 2 über eine nicht dargestellte Pumpe evakuiert, da die nachfolgende Behandlung der Chargen 1 in den Kammern 3 und 4 sowie dem Rundtaktofen 5 unter Vakuum erfolgt. Anschließend wird die Tür 2b geöffnet, die Charge 1 mittels einer Stoßeinrichtung 2c in die Aufheizkammer 3 befördert und die Tür 2b wieder verschlossen.The feed lock 2 is loaded with the workpiece batches to be treated from a batch store (not shown) via a transport device 8. After loading the feed lock 2, doors 2a and 2b of the feed lock 2 are closed and the feed lock 2 is evacuated by a pump, not shown, since the subsequent treatment of the batches 1 in the chambers 3 and 4 and the rotary cycle oven 5 is carried out under vacuum. The door 2b is then opened, the batch 1 is conveyed into the heating chamber 3 by means of a pushing device 2c and the door 2b is closed again.

In der mit zwei Chargenplätzen dargestellten Aufheizkammer 3 wird die Charge 1 mittels nicht dargestellter Heizungen bis auf die Behandlungstemperatur aufgeheizt, d. h. bis auf die Temperatur, die auch im Rundtaktofen 5 herrscht.In the heating chamber 3 shown with two batch locations, the batch 1 is heated up to the treatment temperature by means of heaters (not shown). H. except for the temperature that also prevails in rotary cycle furnace 5.

Der Aufheizkammer 3 schließt sich die Ausgleichskammer 4 an, wobei zwischen der Aufheizkammer 3 und der Ausgleichskammer 4 eine Tür 3a angeordnet ist und der Transport der Charge 1 innerhalb der Aufheizkammer 3 über eine Stoßeinrichtung 3c und der Transport von der Aufheizkammer 3 in die Ausgleichskammer 4 über eine Stoßeinrichtung 3b erfolgt. Sobald eine Charge 1 die Aufheizkammer 3 in die Ausgleichskammer 4 verlassen hat, wird eine neue Charge 1 über die Aufgabeschleuse 2 in die Aufheizkammer 3 verbracht.The heating chamber 3 is followed by the compensation chamber 4, a door 3a being arranged between the heating chamber 3 and the compensation chamber 4 and the transport of the batch 1 within the heating chamber 3 via a pushing device 3c and the transport from the heating chamber 3 into the compensation chamber 4 an impact device 3b takes place. As soon as a batch 1 has left the heating chamber 3 into the equalization chamber 4, a new batch 1 is brought into the heating chamber 3 via the feed lock 2.

Da die Aufheizung der Chargen 1 in der Aufheizkammer 3 mittels der Heizungen nur von außen über Strahlung erfolgt, weisen insbesondere massive Werkstücke noch keine gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung auf, wenn die Oberfläche bereits die Behandlungstemperatur erreicht hat und deshalb die Charge 1 aus der Aufheizkammer 3 entfernt wird, um das Werkstück nicht mit einer zu hohen Temperatur zu belasten. In der Ausgleichskammer 4, die ebenfalls mit nicht dargestellten Heizungen ausgerüstet ist, kann sich die Temperatur im Werkstück ausgleichen. Hierzu ist die Temperatur in der Ausgleichskammer 4 so geregelt, daß sie immer auf einer gleichbleibenden Temperatur, nämlich der gewünschten Behandlungstemperatur gehalten wird. Die üblichen Behandlungstemperaturen liegen zwischen 800°C und 1000°C.Since the batches 1 in the heating chamber 3 are only heated from the outside by radiation, in particular massive workpieces do not yet have a uniform temperature distribution when the surface has already reached the treatment temperature and therefore batch 1 is removed from the heating chamber 3, in order not to load the workpiece with too high a temperature. In the compensation chamber 4, which is also equipped with heaters, not shown, the temperature in the workpiece can compensate. For this purpose, the temperature in the compensation chamber 4 is regulated so that it is always kept at a constant temperature, namely the desired treatment temperature. The usual treatment temperatures are between 800 ° C and 1000 ° C.

Nach dem Erreichen der Behandlungstemperatur wird die Charge 1 nach dem Öffnen einer Tür 4a mittels einer Stoßeinrichtung 4b in den Rundtaktofen 5 geschoben und die Tür 4a wieder verschlossen. Mittels des ringförmigen Drehtellers des Rundtaktofens 5 wird die Charge 1 auf direktem Wege zu einer der Aufkohlungsofenkammern 6 transportiert. Die Kammern 6 werden vor dem Einschieben einer Charge 1 mittels einer nicht dargestellten Pumpe evakuiert. Dann wird eine Ofenkammertür 6a geöffnet und wird mittels einer, auf der Innenseite des Rundtaktofens angeordneten Stoßeinrichtung 6b die Charge 1 in die Aufkohlungsofenkammer 6 geschoben und die Ofenkammertür 6a wieder verschlossen. In der Aufkohlungsofenkammer, welche entweder als Plasmaofen oder als Vakuumofen ausgelegt ist, wird der eigentliche Aufkohlungsprozeß vollzogen. Nach Beendigung der vorgesehenen Kohlungsdauer wird der Aufkohlungsofen wieder abgeschaltet und ggfs. das Prozeßgas aus der Aufkohlungsofenkammer 6 entfernt. Nach erneuter Evakuierung der Aufkohlungsofenkammer 6 wird die Ofenkammertür 6a wieder geöffnet und die Charge 1 mittels einer der Stoßeinrichtung 6b gegenüber angeordneten Stoßeinrichtung 6c wieder zurück in den Rundtaktofen 5 geschoben.After the treatment temperature has been reached, after opening a door 4a, the batch 1 is pushed into the rotary cycle oven 5 by means of a pushing device 4b and the door 4a is closed again. The batch 1 is transported directly to one of the carburizing furnace chambers 6 by means of the annular rotary plate of the rotary kiln 5. The chambers 6 are evacuated by means of a pump (not shown) before a batch 1 is inserted. Then a furnace chamber door 6a is opened and the batch 1 is pushed into the carburizing furnace chamber 6 by means of a pushing device 6b arranged on the inside of the rotary kiln and the furnace chamber door 6a is closed again. The actual carburizing process is carried out in the carburizing furnace chamber, which is designed either as a plasma furnace or as a vacuum furnace. After the intended coaling time has ended, the carburizing furnace is switched off again and, if necessary, the process gas is removed from the carburizing furnace chamber 6. After the carburizing furnace chamber 6 has been evacuated again, the furnace chamber door 6a is opened again and the batch 1 is pushed back into the rotary cycle furnace 5 by means of a pushing device 6c arranged opposite the pushing device 6b.

Im Rundtaktofen 5 findet anschließend an den Aufkohlungsprozeß unter Vakuum bei gleichbleibender Temperatur die Diffusionsphase statt, bei der der Randkohlenstoffgehalt wieder absinkt. Je nach gewünschter Einsatzhärtetiefe werden der beschriebene Aufkohlungsprozeß und die Diffusionsphase mehrfach wiederholt. Aufgrund des Aufbaus der Vorrichtung mit dem Rundtaktofen 5 für die Diffusionsphase und den außen liegenden Aufkohlungsofenkammern 6 für den eigentlichen Aufkohlungsprozeß ist eine optimale Ausnutzung der Vorrichtung gewährleistet, da während eine bereits in einer Aufkohlungsofenkammer 6 behandelte Charge 1 zur Diffusionsphase im Rundtaktofen 5 verweilt, eine andere Charge 1 mit eventuell anderen Aufkohlungsbedingungen in die Aufkohlunsofenkammer 6 verbracht werden kann. Je nachdem, wie viele Aufkohlungsofenkammern 6 entlang dem Umfang des Rundtaktofens 5 angeordnet sind, kann die Flexibilität dieser Vorrichtung gesteigert und die Behandlungsdauer verkürzt werden.In the rotary cycle furnace 5, after the carburizing process under vacuum at a constant temperature, the diffusion phase takes place, in which the marginal carbon content drops again. Depending on the desired case hardening depth, the described carburizing process and the diffusion phase are repeated several times. Due to the construction of the device with the rotary furnace 5 for the diffusion phase and the external carburizing furnace chambers 6 for the actual carburizing process, an optimal utilization of the device is guaranteed, since while a batch 1 already treated in a carburizing furnace chamber 6 remains in the rotary furnace 5 for the diffusion phase, another one Batch 1 with possibly different carburizing conditions can be brought into the carburizing furnace chamber 6. Depending on how many carburizing furnace chambers 6 are arranged along the circumference of the rotary furnace 5, the flexibility of this device can be increased and the treatment time can be shortened.

Sobald der letzte Diffusionsprozeß im Rundtaktofen 5 abgelaufen ist, wird die Charge 1 vor eine Tür 7a der Ausgabeschleuse 7 transportiert. Anschließend wird die Ausgabeschleuse 7 evakuiert, die Tür 7a geöffnet und die Charge 1 mittels einer Stoßeinrichtung 7b in die Ausgabeschleuse 7 befördert. Nach dem Verschließen der Tür 7a kann in der als Kühlkammer ausgebildeten Ausgabeschleuse 7 die Charge 1 mit Gas oder in einem Flüssigkeitsbad abgeschreckt werden.As soon as the last diffusion process in the rotary cycle furnace 5 has taken place, the batch 1 is transported in front of a door 7a of the delivery lock 7. Subsequently the output lock 7 is evacuated, the door 7a is opened and the batch 1 is conveyed into the output lock 7 by means of an impact device 7b. After the door 7a has been closed, the batch 1 can be quenched with gas or in a liquid bath in the output lock 7 designed as a cooling chamber.

Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte zweite Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung ist bis auf den Bereich der Ausgabeschleuse 7 identisch mit der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 ausgebildet. Bei dieser alternativen Ausführungsform ist zwischen dem Rundtaktofen 5 und der als Kühlkammer ausgebildeten Ausgabeschleuse 7 ein Härteofen 9 zwischengeschaltet. Ein solcher Härteofen 9 ist notwendig, wenn die Kohlungstemperatur in den Aufkohlungsofenkammern 6 deutlich über der Härtetemperatur der Charge 1 liegt, und die Charge 1 nach dem Aufkohlungsprozeß und vor dem Abschrecken auf die Härtetemperatur abgekühlt werden muß. Zu diesem Zweck durchläuft die Charge 1 nach der letzten Diffusionsphase im Rundtaktofen 5 zuerst den Härteofen 9, um dann in der Kühlkammer der Ausgabeschleuse 7 abgeschreckt zu werden.The second embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 2 is identical to the device according to FIG. 1 except for the area of the delivery lock 7. In this alternative embodiment, a hardening furnace 9 is interposed between the rotary cycle furnace 5 and the output lock 7 designed as a cooling chamber. Such a hardening furnace 9 is necessary if the carburizing temperature in the carburizing furnace chambers 6 is clearly above the hardening temperature of batch 1 and the batch 1 has to be cooled to the hardening temperature after the carburizing process and before quenching. For this purpose, the batch 1 first passes through the hardening furnace 9 after the last diffusion phase in the rotary cycle furnace 5, in order then to be quenched in the cooling chamber of the delivery lock 7.

Mit einer solchermaßen ausgestalteten Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke wird somit gewährleistet, daß Werkstückchargen mit den unterschiedlichsten Härtebedingungen gleichzeitig mittels einer Vorrichtung behandelt werden können, ohne daß die anzuwendenden unterschiedlichen Härtebedingungen sich auf die anderen Chargen auswirken. Neben der hohen Flexibilität der voranstehend beschriebenen Anlage ermöglicht die Verwendung des Rundtaktofens 5 als reinem Diffusionsofen mit den angeschlossenen einzelnen Aufkohlungsofenkammern 6 eine optimale Ausnutzung der Vorrichtung, ohne daß einzelne Bearbeitungspositionen aufgrund möglicher Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Chargen leerstehen müßten.With a device for heat treatment of metallic workpieces designed in this way, it is thus ensured that batches of workpieces with the most varied of hardening conditions can be treated simultaneously by means of one device, without the different hardening conditions to be applied having an effect on the other batches. In addition to the high flexibility of the system described above, the use of the rotary cycle furnace 5 as a pure diffusion furnace with the connected individual carburizing furnace chambers 6 enables an optimal utilization of the device without individual processing positions having to be empty due to possible interactions with other batches.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

11
ChargeBatch
22nd
AufgabeschleuseFeed lock
2a2a
Türdoor
2b2 B
Türdoor
2c2c
StoßeinrichtungPushing device
33rd
AufheizkammerHeating chamber
3a3a
Türdoor
3b3b
StoßeinrichtungPushing device
3c3c
StoßeinrichtungPushing device
44th
AusgleichskammerCompensation chamber
4a4a
Türdoor
4b4b
StoßeinrichtungPushing device
55
RundtaktofenRotary cycle oven
66
AufkohlungsofenkammerCarburizing furnace chamber
6a6a
OfenkammertürOven chamber door
6b6b
StoßeinrichtungPushing device
6c6c
StoßeinrichtungPushing device
77
AusgabeschleuseOutput lock
7a7a
Türdoor
7b7b
StoßeinrichtungPushing device
88th
FördervorrichtungConveyor
99
HärteofenHardening furnace

Claims (11)

Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke unter Vakuum mit einem Rundtaktofen (5) mit einem ringförmigen Drehteller sowie einer Aufgabeschleuse (2) und einer Ausgabeschleuse (7), wobei die Werkstückchargen (1) mittels des Drehtellers zu verschiedenen Bearbeitungspositionen verfahrbar sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Rundtaktofen (5) als Vakuumofen für die Diffusionsphase ausgebildet ist und entlang dem Umfang des Rundtaktofens (5) zumindest zwischen der Aufgabeschleuse (2) und der Ausgabeschleuse (7) mindestens eine Aufkohlungsofenkammer (6) angeordnet ist, in die die Werkstückchargen (1) für eine Aufkohlungsbehandlung einbringbar sind.Device for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces under vacuum with a rotary cycle furnace (5) with an annular turntable as well as a feed lock (2) and an output lock (7), the batches of workpieces (1) being movable to different processing positions by means of the turntable,
characterized,
that the rotary indexing furnace (5) is designed as a vacuum furnace for the diffusion phase and at least one carburizing furnace chamber (6) is arranged along the circumference of the rotary indexing furnace (5) at least between the feed lock (2) and the output lock (7), into which the workpiece batches (1 ) can be introduced for a carburizing treatment. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mindestens eine Aufkohlungsofenkammer (6) als Plasmaofen ausgebildet ist.Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one carburizing furnace chamber (6) is designed as a plasma furnace. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mindestens eine Aufkohlungsofenkammer (6) als Vakuumofen ausgebildet ist.Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one carburizing furnace chamber (6) is designed as a vacuum furnace. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen die Aufgabeschleuse (2) und den Rundtaktofen (5) mindestens eine Aufheizkammer (3) geschaltet ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one heating chamber (3) is connected between the feed lock (2) and the rotary cycle oven (5). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen die mindestens eine Aufheizkammer (3) und den Rundtaktofen (5) mindestens eine Ausgleichskammer (4) geschaltet ist.Device according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one compensation chamber (4) is connected between the at least one heating chamber (3) and the rotary cycle oven (5). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mindestens eine Ausgleichskammer (4) als Wasserstoffsputterkammer zur Oberflächenreinigung der Werkstückchargen (1) ausgebildet ist.Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one compensation chamber (4) is designed as a hydrogen sputtering chamber for cleaning the surface of the workpiece batches (1). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ausgabeschleuse (7) als Kühlkammer ausgebildet ist.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the delivery lock (7) is designed as a cooling chamber. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlkammer als Gasabschreckkammer ausgebildet ist.Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the cooling chamber is designed as a gas quenching chamber. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlkammer mit einem Flüssigkeitsbad ausgerüstet ist.Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the cooling chamber is equipped with a liquid bath. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen die als Kühlkammer ausgebildete Ausgabeschleuse (7) und den Rundtaktofen (5) ein Härteofen (9) geschaltet ist.Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that a hardening furnace (9) is connected between the output lock (7) designed as a cooling chamber and the rotary cycle furnace (5). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Aufkohlungsofenkammer (6) zwei Stoßeinrichtungen (6b, 6c) zugeordnet sind, um elektrisch, pneumatisch oder hydraulisch betrieben die Chargen (1) vom Rundtaktofen (5) in die Aufkohlungsofenkammer (6) bzw. von der Aufkohlungsofenkammer (6) zurück in den Rundtaktofen (5) zu verschieben.Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that each carburizing furnace chamber (6) is assigned two impact devices (6b, 6c) for electrically, pneumatically or hydraulically operated batches (1) from the rotary furnace (5) into the carburizing furnace chamber (6) or from to move the carburizing furnace chamber (6) back into the rotary indexing furnace (5).
EP96101733A 1995-03-31 1996-02-07 Device for the vacuum heat treatment of metallic articles Expired - Lifetime EP0735149B1 (en)

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DE29505496U DE29505496U1 (en) 1995-03-31 1995-03-31 Device for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces under vacuum

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EP3054019A1 (en) 2015-02-04 2016-08-10 Seco/Warwick S.A. Multi-chamber furnace for vacuum carburizing and quenching of gears, shafts, rings and similar workpieces
CN111424154A (en) * 2020-05-12 2020-07-17 浙江三基钢管有限公司 Heating furnace capable of discharging materials quantitatively
CN111424154B (en) * 2020-05-12 2021-01-19 浙江三基钢管有限公司 Heating furnace capable of discharging materials quantitatively

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US5722825A (en) 1998-03-03
EP0735149B1 (en) 1999-12-22
DE29505496U1 (en) 1995-06-01
DE59603946D1 (en) 2000-01-27
JPH08285462A (en) 1996-11-01
CA2173058A1 (en) 1996-10-01
ATE187985T1 (en) 2000-01-15
ES2141401T3 (en) 2000-03-16

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