EP0828935A1 - Injection valve - Google Patents

Injection valve

Info

Publication number
EP0828935A1
EP0828935A1 EP96914067A EP96914067A EP0828935A1 EP 0828935 A1 EP0828935 A1 EP 0828935A1 EP 96914067 A EP96914067 A EP 96914067A EP 96914067 A EP96914067 A EP 96914067A EP 0828935 A1 EP0828935 A1 EP 0828935A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injection
valve
throttle
needle
control device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96914067A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0828935B1 (en
Inventor
Wendelin KLÜGL
Detlev SCHÖPPE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0828935A1 publication Critical patent/EP0828935A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0026—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic
    • F02M2200/704—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic with actuator and actuated element moving in different directions, e.g. in opposite directions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injection valve according to the preamble of claim 1. »
  • Such an injection valve is known for example from EP-A 0 531 533.
  • This publication deals with a diesel injector with a high pressure system (Common Rail Syster ⁇ ) ; in which the fuel is supplied to a high-pressure accumulator via a high-pressure pump. This fuel, which is under high pressure, is then fed to the individual cylinders of a diesel engine via injection valves in accordance with a control.
  • the injection valves are each controlled by a solenoid valve, for example to enable individual injection times.
  • the injection valves should be able to be switched quickly at high injection pressures.
  • a pre-injection is difficult to use when using a solenoid valve, since the switching times of the solenoid valve are too long and the valve has to go through the full stroke in order to achieve reproducible conditions, for example the injection quantity.
  • the shaping of the injection rate i.e. Slow opening, but fastest closing of the nozzle needle, whereby the injection rate can be shaped according to a map, hardly possible.
  • actuating by means of a piezo actuator offers the possibility of switching extremely quickly and actuating any valve intermediate position.
  • the pre-injection quantity can be reproduced even with the smallest pre-injection quantity by reducing the injection rate (reducing the nozzle needle stroke).
  • the injection valve can be designed as a so-called 2/2-way valve, which is characterized by a simple construction, since in this type only a simple seat valve for controlling the nozzle needle is required ⁇ is necessary.
  • the illustration shows a 2/2-way valve with piezo actuator.
  • the injection valve shown in the figure consists of an elongated housing 6, on the lower end of which a screw nut 3 is screwed on. With this union nut 3, an intermediate washer 4 and a nozzle body 1, in which a nozzle needle 2 is guided, are held from the lower end of the housing 6. Both the intermediate disc 4 and the nozzle body 1 have a central bore 35 in which the nozzle needle 2 is guided so as to be displaceable in the axial direction. At the end in the drawn state lies the nozzle
  • REPLACEMENT BLA ⁇ (RULE 26) del 2 on an annular nozzle seat 36, in the area of which nozzle holes 37, 35 are provided which close the nozzle needle 2.
  • the nozzle needle 2 is provided with a pressure pin 5, which is arranged in a spring chamber 30 provided in the housing 6 and is acted upon by a nozzle spring 7 arranged in the spring chamber 30, so that the nozzle needle 2 slightly in the direction of the nozzle seat 36 is biased and closes it.
  • the other end of the nozzle spring 7 lies against the end of the spring chamber 30 opposite the pressure pin 5, an adjusting disk 9 being arranged between them for adjusting the nozzle spring pretensioning force.
  • a locking piston 8 is connected to the pressure pin 5 at one end, which is partially encompassed by the nozzle spring 7 and ends at the other end in the region of a first pressure chamber 11.
  • a control device for the nozzle needle 2 is fixedly connected to the housing 6 in the upper part of the injection nozzle.
  • a hydraulically translated piezo drive is provided in the interior of the control housing and consists of a piezo actuator 20 which is mounted in a closure 21, which is sealed by an O-ring 22.
  • a circlip 24 secures the piezo actuator 20 in the control housing in the axial direction.
  • the electrical connection to the piezo actuator 20 is established via the electrical connections 23.
  • the piezo actuator 20 bears against a primary piston 19, which acts on a plate spring 16, which has a large diameter.
  • a secondary piston 39 is provided, which is firmly connected to a valve needle 27.
  • a small spring 17 is provided, which is arranged between an inner surface of the primary piston 19 and the secondary piston 39 and presses the valve needle 27 onto a valve seat 40 which is connected to a secondary throttle 32.
  • the secondary throttle 32 is connected to the first pressure chamber 11, which also has a
  • Fuel inlet 12 is connected via an inlet bore 10 to a second pressure chamber 41, which is formed by a recess in the housing 6 in the area of the nozzle needle 2, the nozzle needle being stepped in this area, so that control surfaces for the nozzle needle 2 are thereby formed be formed.
  • the space 31 in the area of the valve seat 40 forms a relief space and, if necessary, a further throttle for shaping the injection and is connected to a low-pressure inlet 29, to which a leakage bore 33, which opens into the spring space 30, is also connected. Furthermore, the low-pressure inlet 29 is connected to a filling inlet 34 to the working area 28 of the piezo drive and a relief bore 18 via a leakage chamber 26 to a return 25.
  • the injection valve works as follows.
  • the piezo actuator 20 is without voltage.
  • the valve needle 27 rests on the seat 40 due to the force of the spring 17 in the secondary piston 39, as a result of which the secondary throttle 15 is closed and the connection to the low-pressure inlet 29 is interrupted.
  • the high pressure is thus on the primary throttle 14 on the upper large surface of the closing piston 8.
  • the high pressure is applied to the stepped smaller effective area of the nozzle needle 2 in the second pressure chamber 41, so that due to the effective areas the nozzle needle 2 (even without the action of the spring 7) is pressed onto its seat 36 which holds the nozzle openings 37 , 38 closes.
  • the high pressure is also present on the valve seat 40 via a bore 15 and the secondary throttle 32.
  • valve needle 27 If the valve needle 27 is now opened, a fuel volume flow escapes through the secondary drossei 32. If this volume flow is greater than that by the primary throttle 14 led volume flow, the pressure in the first pressure chamber 11 drops above the closing piston 8, so that the nozzle needle 2 opens, whereby the injection of the fuel is released. If the valve needle 27 is closed, the pressure in the first pressure chamber 11 increases and the nozzle needle 2 is pressed back onto its seat 36.
  • the drive device for the valve needle 27 operates as follows.
  • the piezo actuator 20 is charged. It expands and pushes the primary piston 19 down against the force of the plate spring 16.
  • the working space 28 is completely filled with fuel, as a result of which the secondary piston 39 with the valve needle 27 is moved upward against the spring force of the spring 17. This will open the valve.
  • the piezo actuator 20 is discharged, the valve needle 27 is closed again accordingly.
  • the temperature compensation or the basic position of the valve is achieved via defined gaps between valve needle 27 and primary piston 19 and between primary piston 19 and secondary piston 27.
  • the return line 25 at the injection valve is always subjected to a low pressure.

Abstract

The injection valve for fuel injection systems has a needle nozzle (2) fitted in a valve body (1), a fuel feed (12) and a control device. The injection rate is to be precisely adjustable. This is attained in that there is a pressure chamber (11) which is connected to the fuel feed (12) via a primary throttle (14) and to a relief chamber (31) via a secondary throttle (32). The invention is applicable to diesel fuel injection systems.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
EinspritzventilInjector
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Einspritzventil nach dem Oberbe¬ griff des Patentanspruchs 1. »The invention relates to an injection valve according to the preamble of claim 1. »
Ein solches Einspritzventil ist beispielsweise durch die EP-A 0 531 533 bekannt. Diese Veröffentlichung behandelt eine Dieseleinspritzeinrichtung mit einem Hochdrucksystem (Common- Rail-Systerα) ; bei dem der Kraftstoff einem Hochdruckspeicher über eine Hochdruckpumpe zugeführt wird. Dieser unter hohem Druck stehende Kraftstoff wird dann entsprechend einer Steue¬ rung den einzelnen Zylindern eines Dieselmotors über Ein- spritzventile zugeführt. Dabei werden die Einspritzventile jeweils über ein Magnetventil angesteuert, um beispielsweise auch individuelle Einspritzzeiten zu ermöglichen.Such an injection valve is known for example from EP-A 0 531 533. This publication deals with a diesel injector with a high pressure system (Common Rail Systerα) ; in which the fuel is supplied to a high-pressure accumulator via a high-pressure pump. This fuel, which is under high pressure, is then fed to the individual cylinders of a diesel engine via injection valves in accordance with a control. The injection valves are each controlled by a solenoid valve, for example to enable individual injection times.
Um insbesondere Einspritzventile zu erhalten, mit denen auch eine Voreinspritzung möglich ist, um damit Verbrauch, Abgas¬ werte, Geräusch usw. zu verbessern, sollen die Einspritzven¬ tile bei hohen Einspritzdrücken schnell schaltbar sein. Bei hohen Speicherdrücken ist bei Verwendung eines Magnetventils eine Voreinspritzung schwer möglich, da die Schaltzeiten des Magnetventils zu lang sind und der volle Hub des Ventils durchlaufen werden muß, damit reproduzierbare Bedingungen, beispielsweise die Einspritzmenge, erreicht werden. Außerdem ist die Formung der Einspritzrate, d.h. langsames Öffnen, jedoch schnellstes Schließen der Düsennadel, wobei die For- mung der Einspritzrate gemäß einem Kennfeld vorgenommen werden kann, kaum möglich.In order to obtain in particular injection valves with which a pre-injection is also possible in order to improve consumption, exhaust gas values, noise, etc., the injection valves should be able to be switched quickly at high injection pressures. At high accumulator pressures, a pre-injection is difficult to use when using a solenoid valve, since the switching times of the solenoid valve are too long and the valve has to go through the full stroke in order to achieve reproducible conditions, for example the injection quantity. In addition, the shaping of the injection rate, i.e. Slow opening, but fastest closing of the nozzle needle, whereby the injection rate can be shaped according to a map, hardly possible.
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Einspritzven¬ til bereitzustellen, mit dem es möglich ist, die Einspritz- rate präzise zu regeln, d.h., kleinste reproduzierbare Vor- einspritzmengen, langsame Erhöhung der Einspritzrate zu Beginn der Einspritzung bei schnellem Schließen der Düsenna¬ del zu ermöglichen.It is an object of the present invention to provide an injection valve with which it is possible to regulate the injection rate precisely, ie, the smallest reproducible pre-injection quantities and a slow increase in the injection rate To enable the start of injection when the nozzle needle closes quickly.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß dem Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Vor- teilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen gekenn¬ zeichnet.This object is achieved according to claim 1. Advantageous further developments are characterized in the subclaims.
Im Gegensatz zu einem Ansteuern des Ventils mittels eines Ma¬ gnetventils bietet ein Ansteuern mittels eines Piezoaktors die Möglichkeit, äußerst schnell zu schalten und jede belie¬ bige Ventil-Zwischenstellung anzusteuern. Außerdem ist durch die besondere Gestaltung des Einspritzventils, insbesondere der Drosseln, die Voreinspritzmenge auch bei geringster Vor- einspritzmenge durch Reduzierung der Einspritzrate (Verringerung des Düsennadelhubs) reproduzierbar.In contrast to actuating the valve by means of a magnetic valve, actuating by means of a piezo actuator offers the possibility of switching extremely quickly and actuating any valve intermediate position. In addition, due to the special design of the injection valve, in particular the throttles, the pre-injection quantity can be reproduced even with the smallest pre-injection quantity by reducing the injection rate (reducing the nozzle needle stroke).
Durch die sorgfältige Abstimmung der Drosseln gemäß den Ma߬ nahmen nach Patentanspruch 2 kann das Einspritzventil als so¬ genanntes 2/2-Wegeventil ausgebildet werden, das sich durch eine einfache Bauweise auszeichnet, da bei diesem Typus nur ein einfaches Sitzventil zur Steuerung der Düsennadel erfor¬ derlich ist.Due to the careful coordination of the throttles according to the measures according to claim 2, the injection valve can be designed as a so-called 2/2-way valve, which is characterized by a simple construction, since in this type only a simple seat valve for controlling the nozzle needle is required ¬ is necessary.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand einer Abbildung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of an illustration.
Die Abbildung zeigt ein 2/2-Wegeventil mit Piezoantrieb.The illustration shows a 2/2-way valve with piezo actuator.
Das in der Abbildung gezeigte Einspritzventil besteht aus ei- ne langgestreckten Gehäuse 6, auf dessen unterem Ende eine Überwurfmutter 3 aufgeschraubt ist. Mit dieser Überwurfmutter 3 wird vom unteren Ende des Gehäuses 6 aus eine Zwischen¬ scheibe 4 und ein Düsenkörper 1, in welchem eine Düsennadel 2 geführt ist, gehalten. Sowohl die Zwischenscheibe 4 als auch der Düsenkörper 1 weisen eine Mittelbohrung 35 auf, in der die Düsennadel 2 in axialer Richtung verschiebbar geführt ist. An ihrem Ende liegt im gezeichneten Zustand die Düsenna-The injection valve shown in the figure consists of an elongated housing 6, on the lower end of which a screw nut 3 is screwed on. With this union nut 3, an intermediate washer 4 and a nozzle body 1, in which a nozzle needle 2 is guided, are held from the lower end of the housing 6. Both the intermediate disc 4 and the nozzle body 1 have a central bore 35 in which the nozzle needle 2 is guided so as to be displaceable in the axial direction. At the end in the drawn state lies the nozzle
ERSATZBLAπ(REGEL26) del 2 an einem ringförmigen Düsensitz 36 an, in dessen Be¬ reich Düsenlöcher 37, 35 vorgesehen sind, die die Düsennadel 2 verschließt. Am anderen Ende ist die Düsennadel 2 mit einem Druckbolzen 5 versehen, der in einem im Gehäuse 6 vorgesehe- nen Federraum 30 angeordnet ist und von einer im Federraum 30 angeordneten Düsenfeder 7 beaufschlagt wird, so daß die Düsennadel 2 leicht in Richtung auf den Düsensitz 36 vorge¬ spannt wird und diesen verschließt. Das andere Ende der Düsenfeder 7 liegt an dem dem Druckbolzen 5 gegenüberliegen- den Ende des Federraums 30 an, wobei dazwischen eine Ein¬ stellscheibe 9 zur Einstellung der Düsenfedervorspannkraft angeordnet ist. Mit dem Druckbolzen 5 steht an einem Ende ein Schließkolben 8 in Verbindung, der teilweise von der Düsenfe¬ der 7 umfaßt wird und an seinem anderen Ende in Bereich eines ersten Druckraums 11 endet.REPLACEMENT BLAπ (RULE 26) del 2 on an annular nozzle seat 36, in the area of which nozzle holes 37, 35 are provided which close the nozzle needle 2. At the other end, the nozzle needle 2 is provided with a pressure pin 5, which is arranged in a spring chamber 30 provided in the housing 6 and is acted upon by a nozzle spring 7 arranged in the spring chamber 30, so that the nozzle needle 2 slightly in the direction of the nozzle seat 36 is biased and closes it. The other end of the nozzle spring 7 lies against the end of the spring chamber 30 opposite the pressure pin 5, an adjusting disk 9 being arranged between them for adjusting the nozzle spring pretensioning force. A locking piston 8 is connected to the pressure pin 5 at one end, which is partially encompassed by the nozzle spring 7 and ends at the other end in the region of a first pressure chamber 11.
Mit dem Gehäuse 6 ist im oberen Teil der Einspritzdüse eine Ansteuereinrichtung für die Düsennadel 2 fest verbunden. Im Inneren des Ansteuergehäuses ist ein hydraulisch übersetzter Piezoantrieb vorgesehen, der aus einem Piezoaktor 20 besteht, der in einem Verschluß 21 gelagert ist, wobei dieser durch einen O-Ring 22 abgedichtet ist. Ein Sicherungsring 24 si¬ chert den Piezoaktor 20 im Ansteuergehäuse in axialer Rich¬ tung. Die elektrische Verbindung zum Piezoaktor 20 wird über die elektrischen Anschlüsse 23 hergestellt. Der Piezoaktor 20 liegt an einem Primärkolben 19 an, der auf eine Tellerfeder 16, die einen großen Durchmesser aufweist, einwirkt. Im Inneren des Primärkolbens 19 ist ein Sekundärkolben 39 vorge¬ sehen, der mit einer Ventilnadel 27 fest verbunden ist. Im Sekundärkolben 39 ist eine kleine Feder 17 vorgesehen, die zwischen einer Innenfläche des Primärkolbens 19 und dem Sekundärkolben 39 angeorndet ist und die Ventilnadel 27 auf einen Ventilsitz 40 drückt, der mit einer Sekundärdrossel 32 in Verbindung steht. Die Sekundärdrossel 32 steht mit dem ersten Druckraum 11 in Verbindung, der außerdem über eineA control device for the nozzle needle 2 is fixedly connected to the housing 6 in the upper part of the injection nozzle. A hydraulically translated piezo drive is provided in the interior of the control housing and consists of a piezo actuator 20 which is mounted in a closure 21, which is sealed by an O-ring 22. A circlip 24 secures the piezo actuator 20 in the control housing in the axial direction. The electrical connection to the piezo actuator 20 is established via the electrical connections 23. The piezo actuator 20 bears against a primary piston 19, which acts on a plate spring 16, which has a large diameter. In the interior of the primary piston 19, a secondary piston 39 is provided, which is firmly connected to a valve needle 27. In the secondary piston 39, a small spring 17 is provided, which is arranged between an inner surface of the primary piston 19 and the secondary piston 39 and presses the valve needle 27 onto a valve seat 40 which is connected to a secondary throttle 32. The secondary throttle 32 is connected to the first pressure chamber 11, which also has a
Primärdrossel 14 und eine Bohrung 13 mit dem unter Hochdruck stehenden KraftstoffZulauf 11 in Verbindung steht. Der KraftstoffZulauf 12 steht über eine Zulaufbohrung 10 mit einem zweiten Druckraum 41 in Verbindung, der durch eine Ausnehmung im Gehäuse 6 im Bereich der Düsennadel 2 gebildet ist, wobei die Düsennadel in diesem Bereich stufenartig abgesetzt ist, so daß dadurch Steuerflächen für die Düsenna¬ del 2 gebildet werden.Primary throttle 14 and a bore 13 is connected to the high-pressure fuel inlet 11. The Fuel inlet 12 is connected via an inlet bore 10 to a second pressure chamber 41, which is formed by a recess in the housing 6 in the area of the nozzle needle 2, the nozzle needle being stepped in this area, so that control surfaces for the nozzle needle 2 are thereby formed be formed.
Der Raum 31 im Bereich des Ventilsitzes 40 bildet einen Entlastungsraum sowie im Bedarfsfall eine weitere Drossel zur Formung der Einspritzung und steht mit einem Niederdruckzu¬ lauf 29 in Verbindung, mit dem außerdem eine Leckagebohrung 33, die in den Federraum 30 mündet, verbunden ist. Weiter steht der Niederdruckzulauf 29 mit einem Füllzulauf 34 zum Arbeitsraum 28 des Piezoantriebs und einer Entlastungsbohrung 18 über einen Leckageraum 26 mit einem Rücklauf 25 in Verbin¬ dung.The space 31 in the area of the valve seat 40 forms a relief space and, if necessary, a further throttle for shaping the injection and is connected to a low-pressure inlet 29, to which a leakage bore 33, which opens into the spring space 30, is also connected. Furthermore, the low-pressure inlet 29 is connected to a filling inlet 34 to the working area 28 of the piezo drive and a relief bore 18 via a leakage chamber 26 to a return 25.
Die Funktionsweise des Einspritzventils ist wie folgt.The injection valve works as follows.
Es sei zunächst angenommen, daß der Piezoaktor 20 spannungs- los ist. Damit liegt die Ventilnadel 27 aufgrund der Kraft der Feder 17 im Sekundärkolben 39 auf ihrem Sitz 40 an, wodurch die Sekundärdrossel 15 verschlossen und somit die Verbindung zum Niederdruckzulauf 29 unterbrochen ist. Der Hochdruck liegt damit über die Primärdrossel 14 an der oberen großen Fläche des Schließkolbens 8 an. Weiter liegt der Hochdruck an der abgestuften kleineren wirksamen Fläche der Düsennadel 2 im zweiten Druckraum 41 an, so daß aufgrund der wirksamen Flächen die Düsennadel 2 (auch ohne die Wirkung der Feder 7) auf ihren Sitz 36 gedrückt wird, der die Düsenöff¬ nungen 37, 38 verschließt. Über eine Bohrung 15 und die Sekundärdrossel 32 liegt der Hochdruck außerdem am Ventilsitz 40 an.It is initially assumed that the piezo actuator 20 is without voltage. Thus, the valve needle 27 rests on the seat 40 due to the force of the spring 17 in the secondary piston 39, as a result of which the secondary throttle 15 is closed and the connection to the low-pressure inlet 29 is interrupted. The high pressure is thus on the primary throttle 14 on the upper large surface of the closing piston 8. Furthermore, the high pressure is applied to the stepped smaller effective area of the nozzle needle 2 in the second pressure chamber 41, so that due to the effective areas the nozzle needle 2 (even without the action of the spring 7) is pressed onto its seat 36 which holds the nozzle openings 37 , 38 closes. The high pressure is also present on the valve seat 40 via a bore 15 and the secondary throttle 32.
Wird nun die Ventilnadel 27 geöffnet, so entweicht durch die Sekundä drossei 32 ein Kraftstoff-Volumenstrom. Ist dieser Volumenstrom größer als der durch die Primärdrossel 14 zuge- führte Volumenstrom, so sinkt der Druck im ersten Druckraum 11 oberhalb des Schließkolbens 8, so daß die Düsennadel 2 öffnet, wodurch die Einspritzung des Kraftstoffs freigegeben wird. Wird die Ventilnadel 27 geschlossen, so erhöht sich der Druck im ersten Druckraum 11 und die Düsennadel 2 wird wieder auf ihren Sitz 36 gedrückt.If the valve needle 27 is now opened, a fuel volume flow escapes through the secondary drossei 32. If this volume flow is greater than that by the primary throttle 14 led volume flow, the pressure in the first pressure chamber 11 drops above the closing piston 8, so that the nozzle needle 2 opens, whereby the injection of the fuel is released. If the valve needle 27 is closed, the pressure in the first pressure chamber 11 increases and the nozzle needle 2 is pressed back onto its seat 36.
Die Antriebseinrichtung für die Ventilnadel 27 arbeitet wie folgt.The drive device for the valve needle 27 operates as follows.
Zum Öffnen der Ventilnadel 27 wird der Piezoaktor 20 geladen. Dabei dehnt er sich aus und schiebt den Primärkolben 19 gegen die Kraft der Tellerfeder 16 nach unten. Der Arbeits¬ raum 28 ist vollständig mit Kraftstoff gefüllt, wodurch der Sekundäkolben 39 mit der Ventilnadel 27 gegen die Federkraft der Feder 17 nach oben bewegt wird. Dadurch wird das Ventil geöffnet. Bei Entladen des Piezoaktors 20 wird die Ventilna¬ del 27 entsprechend wieder geschlossen.To open the valve needle 27, the piezo actuator 20 is charged. It expands and pushes the primary piston 19 down against the force of the plate spring 16. The working space 28 is completely filled with fuel, as a result of which the secondary piston 39 with the valve needle 27 is moved upward against the spring force of the spring 17. This will open the valve. When the piezo actuator 20 is discharged, the valve needle 27 is closed again accordingly.
Der Temperaturausgleich bzw. die Grundstellung des Ventils wird über definierte Spalte zwischen Ventilnadel 27 und Primäkolben 19 und zwischen Primärkolben 19 und Sekundärkol¬ ben 27 erreicht. Um eine ständige vollständige Befüllung des Arbeitsraums 28 zu gewährleisten, bleibt der Rücklauf 25 am Einspritzventil immer mit einem Niederdruck beaufschlagt. The temperature compensation or the basic position of the valve is achieved via defined gaps between valve needle 27 and primary piston 19 and between primary piston 19 and secondary piston 27. In order to ensure that the working space 28 is constantly completely filled, the return line 25 at the injection valve is always subjected to a low pressure.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Einspritzventil für Kraftstoffeinspritz-Systeme, mit1. Injector for fuel injection systems, with
- einer_ in einem Ventilgehäuse (1) angeordneten Düsennadel (2), die zumindest eine Einspritzdüsenöffnung (37, 38) öffnen und schließen kann,a nozzle needle (2) which is arranged in a valve housing (1) and can open and close at least one injection nozzle opening (37, 38),
- einem Kraftstoffzulauf (12), der über jeweils einen Druck¬ raum (11, 41) mit zwei unterschiedlichen Steuerflächen der Düsennadel (2) hydraulisch in Verbindung steht, und - einer Ansteuereinrichtung, die eine Ventilnadel (27) an¬ steuert, um eine der Steuerflächen zur Steuerung der Kraft¬ stoff-Einspritzung druckmäßig zu entlasten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß- A fuel inlet (12), which is hydraulically connected to two different control surfaces of the nozzle needle (2) via a pressure chamber (11, 41), and - A control device that controls a valve needle (27) by one Relieve the pressure on the control surfaces for controlling the fuel injection, characterized in that
- einer der Druckräume (11) mit dem Kraftstoffzulauf (12) über eine Primärdrossel (14) sowie mit einem Entlastungsraum (31) über eine Sekundärdrossel (32) in Verbindung steht.- One of the pressure chambers (11) is connected to the fuel inlet (12) via a primary throttle (14) and to a relief chamber (31) via a secondary throttle (32).
2. Einspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß die Sekundärdrossel (32) durchflußgeregelt ist.2. Injector according to claim 1, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the secondary throttle (32) is flow controlled.
3. Einspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet , daß die Sekundärdrossel (32) steuerbar ist.3. Injection valve according to claim 1, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the secondary throttle (32) is controllable.
4. Einspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet , daß die durchflußgeregelte Sekundärdrossel (32) durch die Ventilnadel (27) angesteuert wird.4. Injector according to claim 1, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the flow-controlled secondary throttle (32) is controlled by the valve needle (27).
5. Einspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet , daß der Entlastungsraum (31) als weitere Dros¬ sel ausgebildet ist.5. Injection valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the relief chamber (31) is designed as a further throttle.
6. Einspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet , daß die Ansteuereinrichtung eine piezoelektri- sehe Ansteuereinrichtung ist. 6. Injection valve according to claim 1, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the control device is a piezoelectric see control device.
7. Einspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet , daß die Primär- und Sekundärdrossel (14, 32) so ausgelegt ist, daß der beim Öffnen der Ventilnadel (27) sich einstellende Kraftstoff-Volumenstrom durch die Sekundärdros- sei (32) größer ist als durch die Primärdrossel (14).7. Injection valve according to claim 1, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the primary and secondary throttle (14, 32) is designed so that the opening when opening the valve needle (27) fuel volume flow through the secondary throttle (32) is larger is than through the primary throttle (14).
8. Einspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet , daß die Ventilnadel (27) als Sitzventil ausge¬ bildet ist, das den Öffnungsgrad der die dem Druckraum (11) abgewandten Öffnung der Sekundärdrossel (32) regelt.8. Injection valve according to claim 1, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the valve needle (27) is formed as a seat valve, which regulates the degree of opening of the opening of the secondary throttle (32) facing away from the pressure chamber (11).
9. Einspritzventil nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet , daß die piezoelektrische Ansteuereinrichtung hydraulisch übersetzt ist.9. Injection valve according to claim 6, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the piezoelectric control device is hydraulically translated.
10. Einspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet , daß die Ventilnadel (27) kraftschlüssig mit einem Sekundärkolben (39) der piezoelektrischen Ansteuerein¬ richtung verbunden ist.10. Injection valve according to claim 1, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the valve needle (27) is non-positively connected to a secondary piston (39) of the piezoelectric control device.
11. Einspritzventil nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet , daß die Ventilnadel (27) formschlüssig mit dem Sekundärkolben (39) der piezoelektrischen Ansteuereinrichtung verbunden ist.11. Injection valve according to claim 10, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the valve needle (27) is positively connected to the secondary piston (39) of the piezoelectric control device.
12. Einspritzventil nach Anspruch 1 und 9, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet , daß zwischen der Ventilnadel (27) und dem Ventilgehäuse (1) sowie zwischen einem die Ansteuerein¬ richtung aufweisenden Primärkolben (19) und Sekundärkolben (39) sowie zwischen Primärkolben (19) und dem Ventilgehäuse (1) Spalte vorgesehen sind, über die eine geringe Leckage stattfinden kann, wodurch ein Arbeitsraum (28) immer mit Flüssigkeit gefüllt ist und daß bei Wärmedehnungen die pie¬ zoelektrische Ansteuereinrichtung eine spielausgeglichene, mit Druckspannung vorgespannte und eindeutig definierte Ausgangsläge hat. 12. Injection valve according to claim 1 and 9, characterized in that between the valve needle (27) and the valve housing (1) and between a primary piston (19) and secondary piston (39) and secondary piston (39) and between primary piston (19) and the valve housing (1) have gaps through which a slight leakage can take place, as a result of which a working space (28) is always filled with liquid and that in the case of thermal expansion the piezoelectric control device has a play-balanced, pre-stressed with compressive stress and a clearly defined starting position.
EP96914067A 1995-05-24 1996-05-11 Injection valve Expired - Lifetime EP0828935B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19519192A DE19519192C1 (en) 1995-05-24 1995-05-24 Injector
DE19519192 1995-05-24
PCT/DE1996/000816 WO1996037697A1 (en) 1995-05-24 1996-05-11 Injection valve

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0828935A1 true EP0828935A1 (en) 1998-03-18
EP0828935B1 EP0828935B1 (en) 2000-01-26

Family

ID=7762839

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96914067A Expired - Lifetime EP0828935B1 (en) 1995-05-24 1996-05-11 Injection valve

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0828935B1 (en)
DE (2) DE19519192C1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996037697A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19519192C1 (en) 1996-06-05
DE59604308D1 (en) 2000-03-02
EP0828935B1 (en) 2000-01-26
WO1996037697A1 (en) 1996-11-28

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