EP0816759A2 - Premix burner and method of operating the burner - Google Patents

Premix burner and method of operating the burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0816759A2
EP0816759A2 EP97810385A EP97810385A EP0816759A2 EP 0816759 A2 EP0816759 A2 EP 0816759A2 EP 97810385 A EP97810385 A EP 97810385A EP 97810385 A EP97810385 A EP 97810385A EP 0816759 A2 EP0816759 A2 EP 0816759A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
fuel
gaseous
flow
interior
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97810385A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0816759A3 (en
EP0816759B1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Dr. Döbbeling
Hans Peter Knöpfel
Timothy Dr. Griffin
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General Electric Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
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Publication of EP0816759A2 publication Critical patent/EP0816759A2/en
Publication of EP0816759A3 publication Critical patent/EP0816759A3/en
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Publication of EP0816759B1 publication Critical patent/EP0816759B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/40—Inducing local whirls around flame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2209/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23D2209/20—Flame lift-off / stability

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of combustion technology. It concerns a premix burner of the double cone type and a method of operating the burner.
  • EP 0 321 809 B1 describes the basic structure of a burner the double-cone design known to the invention relates.
  • This burner consists essentially of hollow, partial conical bodies complementing a body, with tangential air inlet slots and feeds for gaseous and liquid fuels where the central axes the hollow partial cone body is widening in the direction of flow Have a taper and in the longitudinal direction to each other run staggered.
  • In the part cone bodies formed conical interior is a fuel nozzle on the burner head placed.
  • the gaseous fuel becomes the combustion air flow prior to its inflow into the interior of the burner arranged along the entry slots Gas injectors supplied.
  • the formation of the fuel / air mixture thus happens directly at the end of the tangential air inlet slots.
  • the entry level of the combustion air and the gas entry level (perforation level) fall at this known prior art together.
  • the cause of the vibrations and the extinction at comparatively fuel-rich conditions is the inadequate Flame stabilization of the burner.
  • the burner will stabilized by the inner recirculation zone, which in the Head stage operation is supplied with additional fuel.
  • the outer shear layer of the fuel / air mixture emerging from the burner which has a much larger contact area between fresh gas and exhaust gas compared to the inner one Recirculation zone is available, however, so far not used for stabilization.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this. You have the task based on the well-known burner of the double-cone design with simple constructive means and to change it operate in such a way that additional stabilization of the Flame occurs without causing a significant increase of pollutant emission levels is coming.
  • this is achieved in that one Burner according to the preamble of claim 1 in the burner sickle at least one bore is arranged, which the supply of gaseous fuel to the outer recirculation zone serves. According to the invention, this is the case with a method to operate the burner by approx. 3 up to 8% of the total gaseous fuel to the outside Recirculation zone can be mixed.
  • the advantages of the invention include that the flame stability is improved, i.e. there are fewer Pressure pulsations in the flame. Also draws the burner according to the invention compared to the known one State of the art due to a lower lean extinguishing limit off so that it has an expanded operating range. By intensifying the outer reaction front Another advantage is a shortened burnout length.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the invention Burner.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the invention Burner.
  • the burner consists of two hollow partial cone bodies 1, 2, which are offset from one another.
  • the dislocation the respective central axes 3, 4 of the partial cone bodies 1, 2 to one another creates a mirror image arrangement on both sides each have a tangential air inlet slot 5, 6, through which the combustion air 7 in the interior 8 of the Brenners arrives.
  • the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have a cylindrical starting part 9, 10, which also run offset to each other, so that in this area too the tangential air inlet slots 5, 6 are present.
  • this cylindrical starting part 9, 10 is a nozzle 11 for Atomization of the liquid fuel 12 housed.
  • the Burner can also without the cylindrical starting parts 9, 10th be designed so that it is purely conical. Then the fuel nozzle 11 is accommodated directly in the cone tip.
  • the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have one Fuel line 13, 14, which are provided with openings 15 which are fuel injectors. Through the Fuel injectors 15 becomes gaseous fuel 16 flowing through the tangential air inlet slots 5, 6 Combustion air 7 added
  • Combustion chamber side 17 has a burner as an anchor for the partial cone body 1, 2 serving front plate 18 with a Number of holes 19 through which dilution or cooling air 20 the front part of the combustion chamber 17 or its wall can be supplied.
  • liquid fuel 12 is used to operate the burner, so it flows through the nozzle 11 and is in one acute angle injected into the burner interior 17, wherein a homogeneous fuel spray is established.
  • the conical Liquid fuel profile 23 is of a tangentially flowing rotating combustion air flow 7 enclosed.
  • concentration of the liquid fuel becomes axial 12 continuously through the mixed combustion air 7 decreased.
  • the optimal fuel concentration over the Cross section is only in the area of the vertebral burst, i.e. reached in the area of the inner recirculation zone 24.
  • the Ignition occurs at the top of the inner recirculation zone 24. This is in the so-called head stage operation (not shown) supplied with additional fuel. Only at this point creates a stable flame front 25.
  • the flame stabilization results from an increase in the number of swirls in the direction of flow along the cone axis. The flame strikes back enters the inside of the burner under normal operating conditions not on.
  • this outer recirculation zone is located 28 in the outer area of the combustion chamber 17, close the wall of the combustion chamber 21.
  • the holes 27 can be in different ways in the burner sickle 26 may be arranged, for example parallel to Burner axis 22. In other embodiments, they can also at an angle to the burner axis 22 of approximately 45 ° be arranged obliquely outwards, so that the additional gaseous fuel 16 injected towards the combustion chamber wall becomes. It is particularly advantageous if the bores 27 are arranged so that the additional gaseous fuel 16 in the counter-swirl direction to the recirculation flow is introduced because then a particularly intensive mixture of the additional fuel with the recirculating exhaust gas and the resulting flame stabilization is particularly high is.
  • the burner is to be operated such that only about 3 to 8% of the total gaseous fuel through the Open openings 27 into the outer recirculation zone 28. Since the cooling air 20 is already mixed in at this point and the recirculating exhaust gases are already part of theirs have given sensible heat to the front panel 18 this additional fuel addition is not worth mentioning Increase in NOx emissions. This is particularly true when the injections are small enough to stabilize to avoid at the entrance beams. After Fuel is mixed in after a certain ignition delay time Auto ignition and just before or directly on the outer shear layer of the emerging fuel / air mixture.
  • the invention provides an additional external stabilization (by mini pilots), which among other things to an extension the operating range of the burner and to an increased Flame stability leads.
  • FIG. 4 is a concrete embodiment in a cross section presented the invention.
  • the cross section shows the area the burner exit sickle 26.
  • In the sickle 26 there are 14 Positions on the circumference with an angular division of approximately 10 ° Bores 26 arranged with a diameter of 0.8 mm.
  • the number and size of the bores 26 were chosen so that approx. 3% of the total fuel mass flow there and in the outer recirculation zone, not shown in Fig. 4 28 can be mixed.
  • inventive Solution can also be used for burners, which consist of more than two partial cone bodies, e.g. for so-called Four-slot burner.
  • the holes 27 can also both in number and in their position in the Burner sickle 26 vary. You just have to take care that the additional fuel mass flow that goes into the outer recirculation zone is mixed in, no more than accounts for approx. 8% of the total fuel.

Abstract

The central axes of the hollow part cone bodies (1,2) have widening cone inclinations in the flow direction and in the longitudinal direction run displacedly to each other. In the cone-shaped inner space (8) in the burner head formed by the part cone bodies a fuel nozzle (11) for the fluid fuel (12) is positioned. The feeds (13,14) for the gas-form fuel (16) are provided with fuel injectors (15). The air entry slots (5) on the combustion chamber side are closed by a burner crescent (26). In the burner crescent may be at least one hole (27) for feed of gas-form fuel. The hole may be arranged parallel to the burner axis or at an angle to it, preferably of 45 degrees inclinedly outwards.

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Verbrennungstechnik. Sie betrifft einen Vormischbrenner der Doppelkegelbauart und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb des Brenners.The invention relates to the field of combustion technology. It concerns a premix burner of the double cone type and a method of operating the burner.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus EP 0 321 809 B1 ist der prinzipielle Aufbau eines Brenners der Doppelkegelbauart bekannt, auf den sich die Erfindung bezieht. Dieser Brenner besteht im wesentlichen aus hohlen, sich zu einem Körper ergänzenden Teilkegelkörpern, mit tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitzen und Zuführungen für gasförmige und flüssige Brennstoffe, bei dem die Mittelachsen der hohlen Teilkegelkörper eine in Strömungsrichtung sich erweiternde Kegelneigung aufweisen und in Längsrichtung zueinander versetzt verlaufen. Im von den Teilkegelkörpern gebildeten kegelförmigen Innenraum ist am Brennerkopf eine Brennstoffdüse plaziert. Der gasförmige Brennstoff wird dem Verbrennungsluftstrom vorgängig seiner Einströmung in den Brennerinnenraum über entlang der Eintrittsschlitze angeordneten Gasinjektoren zugeführt. Die Bildung des Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisches geschieht somit direkt am Ende der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze. Die Eintrittsebene der Verbrennungsluft und die Gaseintrittsebene (Belochungsebene) fallen bei diesem bekannten Stand der Technik zusammen. EP 0 321 809 B1 describes the basic structure of a burner the double-cone design known to the invention relates. This burner consists essentially of hollow, partial conical bodies complementing a body, with tangential air inlet slots and feeds for gaseous and liquid fuels where the central axes the hollow partial cone body is widening in the direction of flow Have a taper and in the longitudinal direction to each other run staggered. In the part cone bodies formed conical interior is a fuel nozzle on the burner head placed. The gaseous fuel becomes the combustion air flow prior to its inflow into the interior of the burner arranged along the entry slots Gas injectors supplied. The formation of the fuel / air mixture thus happens directly at the end of the tangential air inlet slots. The entry level of the combustion air and the gas entry level (perforation level) fall at this known prior art together.

Die Zunahme des Dralles entlang der Kegelachse, verbunden mit der plötzlichen Querschnittserweiterung am Brenneraustritt, führt dazu, dass sich stromab des Brenneraustrittes auf der Brennerachse eine Rückströmzone (innere Rezirkulationszone) bildet, die die Flamme stabilisiert. Erst im Staupunkt dieser inneren Rückströmzone wird die Zündung der Flamme eingeleitet.The increase in swirl along the cone axis associated with the sudden cross-sectional expansion at the burner outlet, leads to the fact that downstream of the burner outlet on the Burner axis a backflow zone (inner recirculation zone) forms, which stabilizes the flame. Only at the stagnation point of this ignition of the flame is initiated in the inner backflow zone.

In bestimmten Betriebszuständen, z.B. nahe der Löschgrenze oder bei magerem Betrieb der Vormischstufe, d.h. beim Übergang zum Kopfstufenbetrieb, bei dem zwecks Anfettung des Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisches zusätzlich Pilotgas in Achsnähe des Brenners eingedüst wird (interne Pilotisierung), neigt der Brenner zu Schwingungen. Das hat wiederum zur Folge, dass der betreibbare Bereich des Brenners, also sein Stabilitätsbereich eingeschränkt wird und der Brenner frühzeitig verlöscht.In certain operating conditions, e.g. near the deletion limit or with lean operation of the premix stage, i.e. at the transition to head stage operation, in order to enrich the Fuel / air mixture additionally pilot gas near the axis of the Brenners is injected (internal pilotization), the tends Burner to vibrate. This in turn means that the operable area of the burner, i.e. its stability area is restricted and the burner extinguishes prematurely.

Die Ursache für die Schwingungen und das Verlöschen bei vergleichsweise brennstoffreichen Bedingungen ist die unzureichende Flammenstabilisierung des Brenners. Der Brenner wird zwar durch die innere Rezirkulationszone stabilisiert, die im Kopfstufenbetrieb mit Zusatzbrennstoff versorgt wird. Die äussere Scherschicht des aus dem Brenner austretenden Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisches, die eine wesentlich grössere Kontaktfläche zwischen Frischgas und Abgas im Vergleich zur inneren Rezirkulationszone zur Verfügung stellt, wird jedoch bisher nicht zur Stabilisierung benutzt.The cause of the vibrations and the extinction at comparatively fuel-rich conditions is the inadequate Flame stabilization of the burner. The burner will stabilized by the inner recirculation zone, which in the Head stage operation is supplied with additional fuel. The outer shear layer of the fuel / air mixture emerging from the burner, which has a much larger contact area between fresh gas and exhaust gas compared to the inner one Recirculation zone is available, however, so far not used for stabilization.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Ihr liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den bekannten Brenner der Doppelkegelbauart mit einfachen konstruktiven Mitteln so zu verändern und ihn so zu betreiben, dass eine zusätzliche Stabilisierung der Flamme erfolgt, ohne dass es zu einer nennenswerten Erhöhung der Schadstoffemissionswerte kommt.The invention seeks to remedy this. You have the task based on the well-known burner of the double-cone design with simple constructive means and to change it operate in such a way that additional stabilization of the Flame occurs without causing a significant increase of pollutant emission levels is coming.

Erfindungsgemäss wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass bei einem Brenner gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 in der Brennersichel mindestens eine Bohrungen angeordnet ist, welche der Zufuhr von gasförmigem Brennstoff in die äussere Rezirkulationszone dient. Erfindungsgemäss wird dies bei einem Verfahren zum Betrieb des Brenners dadurch erreicht, dass ca. 3 bis 8% des gesamten gasförmigen Brennstoffes in die äussere Rezirkulationszone eingemischt werden.According to the invention this is achieved in that one Burner according to the preamble of claim 1 in the burner sickle at least one bore is arranged, which the supply of gaseous fuel to the outer recirculation zone serves. According to the invention, this is the case with a method to operate the burner by approx. 3 up to 8% of the total gaseous fuel to the outside Recirculation zone can be mixed.

Die Vorteile der Erfindung bestehen unter anderem darin, dass die Flammenstabilität verbessert wird, d.h. es treten geringere Druckpulsationen in der Flamme auf. Ausserdem zeichnet sich der erfindungsgemässe Brenner gegenüber dem bekannten Stand der Technik durch eine niedrigere magere Löschgrenze aus, so dass er einen erweiterten Betriebsbereich aufweist. Durch die Intensivierung der äusseren Reaktionsfront ergibt sich als weiterer Vorteil eine verkürzte Ausbrandlänge.The advantages of the invention include that the flame stability is improved, i.e. there are fewer Pressure pulsations in the flame. Also draws the burner according to the invention compared to the known one State of the art due to a lower lean extinguishing limit off so that it has an expanded operating range. By intensifying the outer reaction front Another advantage is a shortened burnout length.

Es ist besonders zweckmässig, wenn die Bohrungen parallel zur Brennerachse ausgerichtet sind, weil diese Ausführung sehr einfach zu realisieren ist.It is particularly useful if the holes parallel to Burner axis are aligned because this version is very is easy to implement.

Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Bohrungen unter einem Winkel von ca. 45° zur Brennerachse schräg nach aussen angeordnet sind. Dann ist eine besonders intensive Mischung des Brennstoffes mit dem Abgas der äusseren Rezirkulationszone möglich. Gleiches wird in vorteilhafter Weise bewirkt, wenn die zusätzlichen Bohrungen in der Brennersichel derart angeordnet sind, dass sie eine Eindüsung des Brennstoffes in Gegendrallrichtung zur Drallrichtung des Abgases in der Rezirkulationszone bewirken. It is also advantageous if the holes under one An angle of approx. 45 ° to the burner axis is arranged obliquely outwards are. Then there is a particularly intense mix of Fuel with the exhaust gas from the outer recirculation zone possible. The same is advantageously done if the additional holes in the burner sickle arranged in this way are that they inject the fuel in the opposite direction to the swirl direction of the exhaust gas in the recirculation zone cause.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungBrief description of the drawing

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand eines Brenners der Doppelkegelbauart, der z.B. zum Betrieb einer Gasturbine eingesetzt wird, dargestellt.In the drawing is an embodiment of the invention using a double cone type burner, e.g. for operation a gas turbine is used.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische Darstellung des Doppelkegelbrenners;
Fig. 2
einen Längsschnitt des Brenners mit der Brennkammer in schematischer Darstellung;
Fig. 3
einen Querschnitt des Brenners gemäss Fig. 1 entlang der Ebene III-III;
Fig. 4
einen Querschnitt des Brenners gemäss Fig. 1 entlang der Ebene IV-IV.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a perspective view of the double cone burner;
Fig. 2
a longitudinal section of the burner with the combustion chamber in a schematic representation;
Fig. 3
a cross section of the burner of Figure 1 along the plane III-III.
Fig. 4
a cross section of the burner according to FIG. 1 along the plane IV-IV.

Es sind nur die für das Verständnis der Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente gezeigt. Die Strömungsrichtung der verschiedenen Medien ist mit Pfeilen bezeichnet.It is only essential for understanding the invention Elements shown. The flow direction of the different Media is marked with arrows.

Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay of carrying out the invention

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles und der Fig. 1 bis 4 näher erläutert.The invention is described below using an exemplary embodiment and FIGS. 1 to 4 explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 zeigt in perspektivischer Darstellung den erfindungsgemässen Brenner. Zum besseren Verständnis ist es vorteilhaft, wenn gleichzeitig zu Fig. 1 die Schnitte in den Fig. 2 bis 4 herangezogen werden.Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of the invention Burner. For a better understanding, it is advantageous if at the same time as FIG. 1 the sections in FIG. 2 to 4 are used.

Der Brenner besteht aus zwei hohlen Teilkegelkörpern 1, 2, die versetzt zueinander aufeinander liegen. Die Versetzung der jeweiligen Mittelachsen 3, 4 der Teilkegelkörper 1, 2 zueinander schafft auf beiden Seiten in spiegelbildlicher Anordnung jeweils einen tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitz 5, 6, durch welche die Verbrennungsluft 7 in den Innenraum 8 des Brenners gelangt. Die beiden Teilkegelkörper 1, 2 haben jeweils einen zylindrischen Anfangsteil 9, 10, die ebenfalls versetzt zueinander verlaufen, so dass auch in diesem Bereich die tangentiale Lufteintrittsschlitze 5, 6 vorhanden sind. In diesem zylindrischen Anfangsteil 9, 10 ist eine Düse 11 zur Zerstäubung des flüssigen Brennstoffes 12 untergebracht. Der Brenner kann auch ohne die zylindrischen Anfangsteile 9, 10 ausgeführt sein, so dass er rein kegelig ausgebildet ist. Dann ist die Brennstoffdüse 11 direkt in der Kegelspitze untergebracht. Die beiden Teilkegelkörper 1, 2 weisen je eine Brennstoffleitung 13, 14 auf, die mit Öffnungen 15 versehen sind, welche Brennstoffinjektoren darstellen. Durch die Brennstoffinjektoren 15 wird gasförmiger Brennstoff 16 der durch die tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 5, 6 strömenden Verbrennungsluft 7 zugemischt.The burner consists of two hollow partial cone bodies 1, 2, which are offset from one another. The dislocation the respective central axes 3, 4 of the partial cone bodies 1, 2 to one another creates a mirror image arrangement on both sides each have a tangential air inlet slot 5, 6, through which the combustion air 7 in the interior 8 of the Brenners arrives. The two partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have a cylindrical starting part 9, 10, which also run offset to each other, so that in this area too the tangential air inlet slots 5, 6 are present. In this cylindrical starting part 9, 10 is a nozzle 11 for Atomization of the liquid fuel 12 housed. Of the Burner can also without the cylindrical starting parts 9, 10th be designed so that it is purely conical. Then the fuel nozzle 11 is accommodated directly in the cone tip. The two partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have one Fuel line 13, 14, which are provided with openings 15 which are fuel injectors. Through the Fuel injectors 15 becomes gaseous fuel 16 flowing through the tangential air inlet slots 5, 6 Combustion air 7 added.

Brennraumseitig 17 weist der Brenner eine als Verankerung für die Teilkegelkörper 1, 2 dienende Frontplatte 18 mit einer Anzahl Bohrungen 19 auf, durch welche Verdünnungs- bzw. Kühlluft 20 dem vorderen Teil des Brennraumes 17 bzw. dessen Wand zugeführt werden kann.Combustion chamber side 17 has a burner as an anchor for the partial cone body 1, 2 serving front plate 18 with a Number of holes 19 through which dilution or cooling air 20 the front part of the combustion chamber 17 or its wall can be supplied.

Wird zum Betrieb des Brenners flüssiger Brennstoff 12 verwendet, so strömt dieser durch die Düse 11 und wird in einem spitzen Winkel in den Brennerinnenraum 17 eingedüst, wobei sich ein homogener Brennstoffspray einstellt. Das kegelige Flüssigbrennstoffprofil 23 wird von einem tangential einströmenden rotierenden Verbrennungsluftstrom 7 umschlossen. In axialer Richtung wird die Konzentration des Flüssigbrennstoffes 12 fortlaufend durch die eingemischte Verbrennungsluft 7 verringert. Die optimale Brennstoffkonzentration über den Querschnitt wird erst im Bereich des Wirbelaufplatzens, d.h. im Bereich der inneren Rezirkulationszone 24 erreicht. Die Zündung erfolgt an der Spitze der inneren Rezirkulationszone 24. Diese wird im sogenannten Kopfstufenbetrieb (nicht dargestellt) mit Zusatzbrennstoff versorgt. Erst an dieser Stelle entsteht eine stabile Flammenfront 25. Die Flammenstabilisation ergibt sich durch Zunahme der Drallzahl in Strömungsrichtung entlang der Kegelachse. Ein Rückschlagen der Flamme in das Innere des Brenners tritt unter normalen Betriebsbedingungen nicht auf.If liquid fuel 12 is used to operate the burner, so it flows through the nozzle 11 and is in one acute angle injected into the burner interior 17, wherein a homogeneous fuel spray is established. The conical Liquid fuel profile 23 is of a tangentially flowing rotating combustion air flow 7 enclosed. In The concentration of the liquid fuel becomes axial 12 continuously through the mixed combustion air 7 decreased. The optimal fuel concentration over the Cross section is only in the area of the vertebral burst, i.e. reached in the area of the inner recirculation zone 24. The Ignition occurs at the top of the inner recirculation zone 24. This is in the so-called head stage operation (not shown) supplied with additional fuel. Only at this point creates a stable flame front 25. The flame stabilization results from an increase in the number of swirls in the direction of flow along the cone axis. The flame strikes back enters the inside of the burner under normal operating conditions not on.

Wird gasförmiger Brennstoff 16 verbrannt, so geschieht die Gemischbildung mit der Verbrennungsluft 7 in den Lufteintrittsschlitzen 5, 6, also vor Eintritt in den Brennerinnenraum 8.If gaseous fuel 16 is burned, this happens Mixture formation with the combustion air 7 in the air inlet slots 5, 6, i.e. before entering the burner interior 8th.

Erfindungsgemäss sind im Bereich der Brennersichel 26 eine Reihe von Bohrungen 27 angeordnet, die der Zufuhr und Einmischung von zusätzlichem gasförmigem Brennstoff 16 in die äussere Rezirkulationszone 28 dienen. Der zusätzliche gasförmige Brennstoff 16 kann im Extremfall auch nur über eine einzige in der Brennersichel 26 angeordnete Bohrung 27 in die äussere Rezirkulationszone 28 eingebracht werden.According to the invention, in the area of the burner sickle 26 Row of holes 27 arranged for the supply and interference of additional gaseous fuel 16 to the outside Recirculation zone 28 serve. The additional gaseous In extreme cases, fuel 16 can only have one in the burner sickle 26 arranged bore 27 in the outer Recirculation zone 28 are introduced.

Wie aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht, befindet sich diese äussere Rezirkulationszone 28 im äusseren Bereich des Brennraumes 17, nahe der Wand der Brennkammer 21.As can be seen from Fig. 2, this outer recirculation zone is located 28 in the outer area of the combustion chamber 17, close the wall of the combustion chamber 21.

Die Bohrungen 27 können in verschiedener Weise in der Brennersichel 26 angeordnet sein, beispielsweise parallel zur Brennerachse 22. In anderen Ausführungsbeispielen können sie auch unter einem Winkel zur Brennerachse 22 von etwa 45° schräg nach aussen angeordnet sein , so dass der zusätzliche gasförmige Brennstoff 16 in Richtung Brennkammerwand eingedüst wird. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Bohrungen 27 so angeordnet sind, dass der zusätzliche gasförmige Brennstoff 16 in Gegendrallrichtung zur Rezirkulationsströmung eingebracht wird, weil dann eine besonders intensive Mischung des Zusatzbrennstoffes mit dem rezirkulierendem Abgas erfolgt und die darauf beruhende Flammenstabilisierung besonders hoch ist.The holes 27 can be in different ways in the burner sickle 26 may be arranged, for example parallel to Burner axis 22. In other embodiments, they can also at an angle to the burner axis 22 of approximately 45 ° be arranged obliquely outwards, so that the additional gaseous fuel 16 injected towards the combustion chamber wall becomes. It is particularly advantageous if the bores 27 are arranged so that the additional gaseous fuel 16 in the counter-swirl direction to the recirculation flow is introduced because then a particularly intensive mixture of the additional fuel with the recirculating exhaust gas and the resulting flame stabilization is particularly high is.

Der Brenner ist erfindungsgemäss so zu betreiben, dass nur etwa 3 bis 8% des gesamten gasförmigen Brennstoffes durch die Öffnungen 27 in die äussere Rezirkulationszone 28 gelangen. Da an dieser Stelle bereits die Kühlluft 20 beigemischt ist und die rezirkulierenden Abgase bereits einen Teil ihrer fühlbaren Wärme an die Frontplatte 18 abgegeben haben, bewirkt diese zusätzliche Brennstoff zugabe keine nennenswerte Erhöhung der NOx-Emissionen. Dies trifft insbesondere dann zu, wenn die Eindüsungen genügend klein sind, um eine Stabilisierung an den Eintrittsstrahlen zu vermeiden. Nach der Brennstoffeinmischung erfolgt nach einer gewissen Zündverzugszeit Selbstzündung und zwar kurz vor oder direkt an der äusseren Scherschicht des austretenden Brennstoff/Luft-Gemisches.According to the invention, the burner is to be operated such that only about 3 to 8% of the total gaseous fuel through the Open openings 27 into the outer recirculation zone 28. Since the cooling air 20 is already mixed in at this point and the recirculating exhaust gases are already part of theirs have given sensible heat to the front panel 18 this additional fuel addition is not worth mentioning Increase in NOx emissions. This is particularly true when the injections are small enough to stabilize to avoid at the entrance beams. After Fuel is mixed in after a certain ignition delay time Auto ignition and just before or directly on the outer shear layer of the emerging fuel / air mixture.

Durch die Erfindung wird eine externe Zusatzstabilisierung (durch Minipiloten) realisiert, die u.a. zu einer Erweiterung des Betriebsbereiches des Brenners und zu einer erhöhten Flammenstabilität führt.The invention provides an additional external stabilization (by mini pilots), which among other things to an extension the operating range of the burner and to an increased Flame stability leads.

Messungen an einem perfekt vorgemischten Versuchsbrenner haben gezeigt, dass eine Verschiebung der mageren Löschgrenze um ca. 100K zu kleineren Temperaturen hin mit einer sehr geringen Zunahme der Schadstoffemissionen (zusätzlich ca. 1,5 vppmd 15%O2, d.h. Konzentration des NOx im trockenen Abgas) möglich ist.Measurements on a perfectly premixed test burner have shown that a shift of the lean extinguishing limit by approx. 100K to lower temperatures with a very small increase in pollutant emissions (additional approx. 1.5 vppmd 15% O 2 , ie concentration of NOx in the dry exhaust gas ) is possible.

In Fig. 4 ist in einem Querschnitt eine konkrete Ausführung der Erfindung dargestellt. Der Querschnitt zeigt den Bereich der Brenneraustrittssichel 26. In der Sichel 26 sind an 14 Positionen am Umfang mit einer Winkelteilung von etwa 10° Bohrungen 26 mit einem Durchmesser von 0,8mm angeordnet. Die Anzahl und Grösse der Bohrungen 26 wurde so gewählt, dass ca. 3% des gesamten Brennstoffmassenstromes dort austreten und in die in Fig. 4 nicht dargestellte äussere Rezirkulationszone 28 eingemischt werden.4 is a concrete embodiment in a cross section presented the invention. The cross section shows the area the burner exit sickle 26. In the sickle 26 there are 14 Positions on the circumference with an angular division of approximately 10 ° Bores 26 arranged with a diameter of 0.8 mm. The The number and size of the bores 26 were chosen so that approx. 3% of the total fuel mass flow there and in the outer recirculation zone, not shown in Fig. 4 28 can be mixed.

Selbstverständlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf das eben beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. Die erfindungsgemässe Lösung kann ebenso auch für Brenner verwendet werden, die aus mehr als zwei Teilkegelkörpern bestehen, z.B. für sogenannte Vierschlitzbrenner. Die Bohrungen 27 können ausserdem sowohl in ihrer Anzahl als auch in ihrer Position in der Brennersichel 26 variieren. Es ist lediglich darauf zu achten, dass der zusätzliche Brennstoffmassenstrom, der in die äussere Rezirkulationszone eingemischt wird, nicht mehr als ca. 8% des Gesamtbrennstoffes ausmacht.Of course, the invention is not limited to that just described Embodiment limited. The inventive Solution can also be used for burners, which consist of more than two partial cone bodies, e.g. for so-called Four-slot burner. The holes 27 can also both in number and in their position in the Burner sickle 26 vary. You just have to take care that the additional fuel mass flow that goes into the outer recirculation zone is mixed in, no more than accounts for approx. 8% of the total fuel.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

11
TeilkegelkörperPartial cone body
22nd
TeilkegelkörperPartial cone body
33rd
Mittelachse von Pos. 1Central axis of item 1
44th
Mittelachse von Pos. 2Central axis of item 2
55
tangentialer Lufteintrittsschlitztangential air inlet slot
66
tangentialer Lufteintrittsschlitztangential air inlet slot
77
VerbrennungsluftCombustion air
88th
BrennerinnenraumBurner interior
99
zylindrischer Anfangsteil von Pos. 1cylindrical starting part of item 1
1010th
zylindrischer Anfangsteil von Pos. 2cylindrical starting part of item 2
1111
BrennstoffdüseFuel nozzle
1212th
flüssiger Brennstoffliquid fuel
1313
Brennstoffleitung für Pos. 16Fuel line for item 16
1414
Brennstoffleitung für Pos. 16Fuel line for item 16
1515
Brennstoffinjektor für Pos. 16Fuel injector for item 16
1616
gasförmiger Brennstoffgaseous fuel
1717th
BrennraumCombustion chamber
1818th
FrontplatteFront panel
1919th
Bohrung für Pos. 20Hole for item 20
2020th
Verdünnungs- bzw. KühlluftDilution or cooling air
2121
BrennkammerCombustion chamber
2222
BrennerachseBurner axis
2323
FlüssigbrennstoffprofilLiquid fuel profile
2424th
innere Rezirkulationszoneinner recirculation zone
2525th
FlammenfrontFlame front
2626
BrennersichelBurner sickle
2727
Bohrungdrilling
2828
äussere Rezirkulationszoneouter recirculation zone

Claims (5)

Brenner zum Verbrennen von flüssigen (12) und gasförmigen Brennstoffen (16), bestehend aus mindestens zwei hohlen, sich zu einem Körper ergänzenden Teilkegelkörpern (1, 2), mit tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitzen (5, 6) und mit Zuführungen (13, 14) für gasförmige (16) und flüssige Brennstoffe (12), bei welchem die Mittelachsen (3, 4) der hohlen Teilkegelkörper (1, 2) eine in Strömungsrichtung sich erweiternde Kegelneigung aufweisen und in Längsrichtung zueinander versetzt verlaufen, wobei im von den Teilkegelkörpern (1, 2) gebildeten kegelförmigen Innenraum (8) am Brennerkopf eine Brennstoffdüse (11) für den flüssigen Brennstoff (12) plaziert ist und die Zuführungen (13, 14) für den gasförmigen Brennstoff (16) mit Brennstoffinjektoren (15) versehen sind, und die Lufteintrittsschlitze (5, 6) brennraumseitig durch eine Brennersichel (26) abgeschlossen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Brennersichel (26) mindestens eine Bohrung (27) angeordnet sind, welche zur Zufuhr von gasförmigem Brennstoff (16) vorgesehen ist.Burners for burning liquid (12) and gaseous Fuels (16) consisting of at least two hollow partial cone bodies that complement one another (1, 2), with tangential air inlet slots (5, 6) and with feeders (13, 14) for gaseous (16) and liquid fuels (12), in which the central axes (3, 4) the hollow partial cone body (1, 2) one in the direction of flow have widening taper and are offset in the longitudinal direction to each other, wherein in the conical shape formed by the partial cone bodies (1, 2) Interior (8) on the burner head a fuel nozzle (11) for the liquid fuel (12) is placed and the feeds (13, 14) for the gaseous fuel (16) are provided with fuel injectors (15), and the air inlet slots (5, 6) on the combustion chamber side are completed by a burner sickle (26), thereby characterized in that in the burner sickle (26) at least one bore (27) are arranged which for The supply of gaseous fuel (16) is provided. Brenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Bohrung (27) parallel zur Brennerachse (22) angeordnet ist. Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one bore (27) parallel to the burner axis (22) is arranged. Brenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Bohrung (27) unter einem Winkel zur Brennerachse (22), vorzugsweise von 45°, schräg nach aussen angeordnet ist.Burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one bore (27) at an angle to Burner axis (22), preferably at an angle of 45 °, outwards is arranged. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei im Innenraum (8) des Brenners eine in Strömungsrichtung sich ausbreitende, die Wände des Innenraumes (8) nicht benetzende kegelförmige Flüssigbrennstoffsäule(23) gebildet wird, welche von einem tangential in den Brenner einströmenden rotierenden Verbrennungsluftstrom (7) umschlossen wird, und/oder dem Verbrennungsluftstrom (7) vor seiner Einströmung in den Innenraum (8) des Brenners gasförmiger Brennstoff(16) zugeführt wird, die Zündung des Gemisches erst am Ausgang des Brenners stattfindet, und im Bereich der Brennermündung durch eine innere Rezirkulationszone (24) die Flamme stabilisiert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 3 bis 8% des Gesamtbrennstoffmassenstromes in die äussere Rezirkulationszone (28) eingemischt werden.Method for operating a burner according to one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein in the interior (8) of the burner spreading in the direction of flow, the walls of the Interior (8) non-wetting conical liquid fuel column (23) which is formed by a tangential rotating combustion air flow flowing into the burner (7) is enclosed, and / or the Combustion air flow (7) before it flows into the Interior (8) of the burner gaseous fuel (16) is supplied, the ignition of the mixture only at the exit the burner takes place, and in the area of the burner mouth through an inner recirculation zone (24) Flame is stabilized, characterized in that 3 up to 8% of the total fuel mass flow to the outside Recirculation zone (28) can be mixed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der in die äussere Rezirkulationszone (28) eingemischte Brennstoff (16) entgegen zur Drallrichtung der Rezirkulationsströmung eingedüst wird.A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the one mixed into the outer recirculation zone (28) Fuel (16) against the swirl direction of the recirculation flow is injected.
EP97810385A 1996-06-29 1997-06-18 Premix burner and method of operating the burner Expired - Lifetime EP0816759B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19626240A DE19626240A1 (en) 1996-06-29 1996-06-29 Premix burner and method of operating the burner
DE19626240 1996-06-29
US08/865,102 US5782627A (en) 1996-06-29 1997-05-29 Premix burner and method of operating the burner

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EP0816759A2 true EP0816759A2 (en) 1998-01-07
EP0816759A3 EP0816759A3 (en) 1998-11-11
EP0816759B1 EP0816759B1 (en) 2003-01-08

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EP0816759A3 (en) 1998-11-11
DE19626240A1 (en) 1998-01-02
EP0816759B1 (en) 2003-01-08
CN1170844A (en) 1998-01-21
JPH1061916A (en) 1998-03-06
US5782627A (en) 1998-07-21

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