Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
  • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
  • B42D25/369—Magnetised or magnetisable materials
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
  • B42D25/355—Security threads
• • B42D2033/16—
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24893—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material
  • Y10T428/24909—Free metal or mineral containing

Definitions

• the invention relates to a security document with a security element which has at least a first layer with cutouts in the form of characters or patterns, and a magnetic layer arranged below this first layer.
• the invention further relates to such a security element and to methods for producing this element and the document.
• EP 0407550 AI describes a security document with an embedded security thread that is provided with a binary code made of magnetic material.
• bit lengths are defined which are constant over the entire length of the strip. The assignment of a bit length with magnetic material corresponds, for example, to 1, while a bit length not provided with magnetic material corresponds to 0.
• the binary code known from EP 0407550 A1 is now distinguished by the fact that it is composed of alternatingly arranged separating segments and word segments, the word section consisting of a certain number of bit lengths and the sequence of the binary values of the separating segments not being allowed to occur within this word length to enable clear recognition of the word segments.
• this security element has the disadvantage that it does not offer the possibility for a quick visual inspection, as is necessary in many situations of daily life.
• a security document with such a security element is already known from EP 0516790 A1.
• the security thread described here consists of a transparent plastic carrier layer with a metallic coating, in which recesses are provided in the form of characters or patterns, the so-called negative writing. If the thread is present in the paper pulp, these cutouts and the metallic environment are hardly visible when viewed in incident light. When viewed in transmitted light, however, the translucent cutouts stand out in stark contrast to their opaque surroundings and are therefore clearly recognizable.
• the security element has a magnetic coating which, for. B. can be arranged congruently below the metal layer, so that the recesses are congruent in both layers.
• a transparent plastic film is first printed with an activatable printing ink, which contains foamable additives, for example, in the area of the later cutouts. Subsequently, the plastic film is first provided with a first metal layer, a magnetic layer and a second metal layer in successive steps. By subsequently activating the printing ink, e.g. B. by exposure to heat, the layers are removed in the region of the activatable printing ink, so that the recesses are formed.
• an activatable printing ink which contains foamable additives, for example, in the area of the later cutouts.
• the plastic film is first provided with a first metal layer, a magnetic layer and a second metal layer in successive steps.
• the magnetic coating underneath the metal layer can also only be in the edge regions of the thread and along the running direction of the Elements are provided in the document, the recesses being arranged in the metal layer in the intermediate regions free of magnetic layers.
• the transparent carrier film of the thread is printed in the edge areas in the form of strips with magnetic material.
• the activatable printing ink is applied in the form of the later cutouts and then the entire surface of the carrier film is coated with the metal layer. The subsequent activation of the printing ink ultimately creates the cutouts in the metal layer.
• the invention is based on the object of proposing a security document with a security element which, in addition to being visually inspectable, also permits machine inspection and offers increased protection against counterfeiting.
• the invention is now based on the knowledge that the extent of the negative characters is in the ⁇ m range, and therefore, with a corresponding choice of the extent of the magnetic areas and the material parameters of the magnetic substance influencing the magnetic flux, the readability of the coding by the superimposed ones Negative sign is not affected.
• a discontinuous magnetic layer in the form of a coding is provided below the opaque layer surrounding the negative signs, the recesses also being present in the magnetic layer in the regions in which the recesses of the negative signs and the magnetic layer overlap .
• the security document has a security element with a translucent or transparent plastic layer, on which a magnetic binary coding with a bit length of at least 2 to 4 mm and an opaque metal layer with negative signs are arranged, the metal layer above the coding is provided. In the areas in which the negative signs overlap the magnetic layer, the magnetic layer also has cutouts in the form of the characters.
• the security element according to the invention is produced in two stages, firstly the generation of the magnetic coding and secondly the generation of the negative writing.
• the various possibilities for generating a magnetic coding and a visually recognizable negative writing are first explained independently of one another.
• a magnetic layer is preferably covered from both sides by an essentially opaque protective layer for reasons of protection against counterfeiting, the method variants described below capture not only the generation of the magnetic coding but also the production possibilities of a magnetic coding with an underlying covering layer.
• This is preferably a metallic layer which can be produced by any method, such as vacuum metallization, printing of printing inks containing metal pigments or the like. But of course other layers, such as B. a white color layer is conceivable. Color layers which contain iridescent or liquid-crystalline pigments or other optically variable effect layers, such as holograms, can also be used.
• Semi-transparent layers such as eg. B. a semi-transparent metal layer.
• the inverse of the desired magnetic coding is printed on a carrier film with an activatable ink as a separating layer.
• the lower covering layer and the magnetic layer are applied over the entire surface and uniformly distributed.
• the interface is activated, e.g. B. by treatment with a corresponding solvent.
• the solution process can possibly be carried out Surfactants, ultrasound or mechanical brushing are supported. As a result, the separating layer and the layers above it are removed.
• the magnetic coding remains on the film.
• a continuous lower cover layer is first applied to a carrier film.
• the inverse of the magnetic coding is then printed on with an activatable color as a separating layer.
• the magnetic layer is then distributed uniformly and applied over the entire surface.
• the separating layer is activated, for example also by treatment with a suitable solvent. This process can possibly be supported by surfactants, ultrasound or mechanical brushing. In this way, the layers in the area of the separating layer are removed and the magnetic coding remains.
• the lower cover layer is available over the entire surface.
• the magnetic layer is printed directly on a carrier film in the desired coding or transferred in the desired coding using a transfer process.
• the carrier film can optionally have a cover layer.
• Manufacturing variant M4 for generating a magnetic coding).
• the magnetic layer is applied to the entire surface of a carrier film which is already provided with the lower covering layer over the entire surface.
• the pattern of the coding is then printed with a good adhesive color.
• the magnetic layer is detached in the unprinted areas, possibly supported by ultrasound or mechanical brushing.
• the protective and well-adhering color layer can then optionally be removed again.
• the magnetic layer is applied to the entire surface of a carrier layer which is already provided with the lower covering layer. Subsequently, the inverse of the magnetic coding with an etching color, which z. B. contains an acid, solvent or complexing agent, printed. As a result, the undesired parts of the magnetic layer are removed and the magnetic coding remains.
• the detachment process can be supported by surfactants, ultrasound or mechanical brushing.
• the opaque or at least partially opaque layer which has the negative characters, can consist, like the already mentioned first cover layer, of a metal layer, an opaque printing ink, a printing ink with metallic pigments, a hologram or the like.
• the term "opaque layer” used below also covers essentially opaque layers, such as a semi-opaque layer.
• transparent metal layer or printing inks with optically variable pigments, such as interference layer pigments or liquid crystalline pigments There are basically the following process options for creating bright, visually recognizable characters against an opaque background:
• a translucent carrier film is printed with the help of a soluble ink as a separating layer in the form of the later characters. This layer structure is then provided with the opaque layer. The separating layer is then detached with a suitable solvent, which leads to detachment of the layer above.
• a carrier film is printed or vapor-coated with at least one opaque layer by printing or vapor deposition. Then a well-adhering, translucent printing ink in the form of the inverse of the later cutouts is printed on the uppermost covering layer and the areas not covered are then removed by etching or dissolving.
• a carrier film is printed with an opaque printing ink, which contains, for example, metal pigments, white titanium dioxide pigments or optically variable pigments, the negative characters being omitted.
• Manufacturing variant V4 (to create recesses)
• a carrier film is printed or vapor-coated with at least one opaque layer. Then an etching color, which contains, for example, an acid, solvent or complexing agent, is turned into
• a carrier film preferably in endless form, is provided both with the magnetic coding and with the negative writing above it.
• This carrier film is then cut into security elements with the desired shape, preferably in the form of strips or tapes.
• this security element is connected to the security document material.
• the element can be embedded in the document material as a security thread, for example, or can be attached to the entire surface of the document surface.
• the carrier film can also only act as an intermediate carrier, ie the layer structure consisting of negative writing and magnetic coding is transferred to the document by means of an adhesive or varnish, and the carrier film is then removed.
• FIG. 1 shows a security document according to the invention, here a banknote, in which a security element 2 in the form of a so-called window security thread is embedded.
• the security thread is virtually woven into the paper mass during paper manufacture, so that it comes directly to the document surface at regular intervals, which is indicated by the hatched boxes.
• the security element 2 does not necessarily have to be introduced in the form of a strip or tape.
• other outline shapes such as. B. a circular mark, be advantageous.
• FIG. 2 shows the basic layer structure of the security element 2 according to the invention. It consists of a carrier film 3, which may optionally be missing if the element is attached to the document surface. A first opaque cover layer 4 is located on this carrier film 3 Magnetic layer 5, a second cover layer 6 and optionally a transparent protective layer 7. The first opaque cover layer 4 and the magnetic layer 5 are only present in partial areas on the carrier film 3 and are separated from one another by intermediate areas 8. Due to their arrangement, the magnetic areas form any coding.
• the carrier film can be divided into segments of the same length A, each segment corresponding to a binary bit.
• the assignment of this bit length A with magnetic material can correspond, for example, to a "1" and the uncoated segment of the same length A to a "0".
• the intermediate regions 8 and the magnetic regions 5 therefore represent integer multiples of the length A.
• One of the intermediate regions 8, for example, has a length A, while the other has a length of 2A corresponding to the bit sequence "00". The same applies to the magnetic areas 5 shown.
• the magnetic areas 5 and the lower cover layer 4 additionally have cutouts 9 in the form of characters, patterns, etc. These cutouts 9 represent negative characters that can be read in transmission.
• the extent B of these characters lies in the ⁇ m range and thus by an order of magnitude below the minimum distance A between two magnetic areas 5, which is preferably between 2 and 4 mm.
• the covering layer 6 arranged above the magnetic areas 5 extends over the entire security element 2 and only has the cutouts 9 of the negative signs.
• the cover layers 4, 6 can consist of any opaque materials, but are preferably vapor-deposited metal layers, such as. B. aluminum layers or optically variable layers, such as holograms or printing inks with effect pigments (z. B. interference layer pigments, liquid crystalline pigments, metallic pigments).
• 3 to 18 illustrate the various manufacturing processes for a security element according to the invention. These are the various combinations of the methods Ml to M5 and VI to V4 described above.
• the carrier film 3 in step a) with a first separating layer, for. B. a water-soluble ink printed in the form of the visually recognizable negative signs.
• a gas-soluble ink which corresponds to the inverse pattern of the magnetic coding is printed partially overlapping with this water-soluble ink.
• step c) the lower cover layer 4 and the magnetic layer 5 are applied to the printed carrier film 3 over the entire surface and homogeneously. This can be done by simply coating with a coating color or steaming.
• step d) the color 11 is determined using the appropriate solvent, e.g. As gasoline, solved, whereby the layers 4 and 5 above are washed out. In this way the magnetic layer-free coding segments 8 are created. Since the printing ink 10 is not soluble in the solvent of the printing ink 11, these printing areas remain unchanged. stand.
• this layer structure is provided with a further full-surface opaque layer 6.
• step f) the cutouts 9 are produced in the form of the negative characters by treatment with an appropriate solvent for the printing ink 10. Finally, the finished layer structure of the element can be covered with an additional protective layer 7 in a final step g).
• step a the carrier film 3 is printed with the printing ink 10 in the form of the later negative characters (step a)) and then completely covered with the first cover layer 4 (step b)).
• the activatable printing ink 11 is applied in the form of the inverse magnetic coding over the cover layer 4.
• the printing inks 10 and 11 are also chosen so that they are soluble in different solvents.
• this layer structure is provided with the magnetic layer 5 (step d)) and then the printing ink 11 is activated, so that the magnetic layer-free coding segments 8 are formed (step e)).
• step f the entire surface is coated with the second cover layer 6 and then the activation of the printing ink 10 (step g)) to produce the negative characters 9.
• step a protective layer 7 can be applied.
• step a the carrier film 3 is printed with a first release layer 10 and then with the first cover layer 4 fully coated (step b)). Finally, the magnetic layer 5 is printed in the form of the desired magnetic coding or transferred using the transfer method, the intermediate regions 8 remaining coating-free (step c)). In step d) the coating is carried out with the second cover layer 6. In the subsequent step e) the printing ink 10 is activated so that the layer sequence above is removed and the readable negative characters 9 remain (step e)). Finally, the element can be coated with an additional protective layer 7 (step f)).
• a first step a the carrier film 3 is printed with a soluble printing ink 10 in the form of the later negative characters.
• the first covering layer 4 is first provided over the entire surface on the printed side of the carrier film (step b)) and the magnetic layer 5 is also applied over the entire surface (step c)).
• the magnetic layer is printed with a well-adhering ink 12 in the form of the coding. This layer 12 is resistant to solvents of the magnetic layer 5, so that only the unprinted areas are detached in the subsequent dissolution process e), as a result of which the magnetic segments 8-free coding segments 8 are formed.
• step f the coating with the second cover layer 6 takes place.
• step g) the coating with the second cover layer 6 takes place.
• step g) the coating with the second cover layer 6 takes place.
• step g) the coating with the second cover layer 6 takes place.
• step g) the coating with the second cover layer 6 takes place.
• step g) the cuttingouts 9 in the form of the negative characters in the entire layer structure.
• step h the layer structure according to the invention can finally be provided with a further protective layer 7.
• step 7 shows a production variant according to the combination of methods M5 and VI.
• the carrier film 3 is printed in a first step with a soluble printing ink 10 in the form of the later negative characters (step a)) and then provided with the first cover layer 4 and the magnetic layer 5 (steps b) and c)).
• the magnetic layer 5 is printed with an etching ink 13 in the form of the inverse magnetic coding (step d)), so that the magnetic layer is removed in this area and the magnetic layer-free coding areas 8 are created (step e)).
• step f the second cover layer 6
• step h optionally the provision of a further protective layer 7
• step a the carrier film 3 is printed with the activatable printing ink 11 in the form of the inverse magnetic coding and then in step b) with the first covering layer 4 and the magnetic layer 5 coated or vapor-coated over the entire surface.
• step c) the printing ink 11 is activated, so that the magnetic layer-free coding segments 8 are created.
• step d) the coating with the second covering layer 6 takes place.
• step e) the full-area covering layer 6 is printed with a well-adhering and solvent-resistant printing ink 14 in the form of the inverse negative signs later on.
• the layer structure is then subjected to a solution process (step f)), in which the areas not covered by the printing ink 14 except for the Carrier film are resolved, whereby the negative characters 9 arise.
• the layer structure can in turn be provided with an additional protective layer 7 in an optional step g).
• step 9 shows the production variant according to a combination of methods M2 and V2.
• the carrier film 3 is first provided with the entire covering layer 4 (step a)).
• the inverse of the magnetic coding is then printed on with an activatable printing ink 11 (step b)).
• step c) the magnetic layer 5 is provided uniformly and over the entire surface of the layer structure.
• step d) the printing ink 11 is activated, as a result of which the magnetic layer 5 in the region of the printing ink 11 is removed, so that the coding segments 8 free of the magnetic layer are formed.
• the second covering layer 6 is provided over the entire surface of the layer structure and then in step f) is printed with a well-adhering and solvent-resistant printing ink 14 in the form of the inverse negative signs later on.
• the layer structure is treated with a solvent which detaches both the cover layers 4 and 6 and the magnetic layer 5 from the carrier film 3 in the areas which are not covered by the solvent-resistant layer 14 (step g)) .
• the negative signs 9 are generated in this way.
• the entire layer structure can be provided with a protective layer 7 in an optional step h).
• the carrier film 3 is provided with a first cover layer 4 (step a)), as already described in the previous production variants.
• step b) the magnetic coding is generated directly by printing an ink containing magnetic pigments.
• steps c) to e) the negative characters 9 are then generated by first providing the second cover layer 6 over the magnetic coding 5, then printing this with a solvent-resistant printing ink 14 in the form of the inverse negative characters and finally the layer structure is treated with a solvent in order to produce the negative characters 9.
• the entire layer structure can be provided with a protective layer 7.
• step 11 shows the manufacturing variant according to a combination of methods M4 and V2.
• steps a) and b) the carrier film 3 is provided over the entire area with the first cover layer 4 and the magnetic layer 5.
• the inverse of the magnetic coding is applied with a well-adhering, solvent-resistant paint 12.
• step d) the layer structure is treated with a solvent, which only detaches the magnetic layer 5, but not the cover layer 4, so that the magnetic layer-free coding segments 8 are formed above the first cover layer 4.
• the layer structure is also provided with the full surface of the second cover layer 6 (step e)) and then in the form with the solvent-resistant printing ink 14 printed the inverse negative sign (step f)).
• step g) as already described, the negative characters 9 are generated by detaching the layers 4, 5, 12, 6 in the areas in which the printing ink 14 is not present.
• step a protective layer 7 can be used to cover it.
• step 12 shows the production variant according to a combination of methods M5 and V2.
• the entire surface of the carrier film is provided with a first covering layer 4 and the magnetic layer 5 (steps a) and b)).
• step c) the inverse of the magnetic coding, i. H. the area of the later areas free of magnetic layers, printed with an etching ink which contains an acid or a corresponding solvent.
• the etching or dissolving ink only removes the magnetic layer 5, so that the magnetic segment-free coding segments 8 are created.
• step e the full-surface covering of the layer structure with the second covering layer 6
• step f the printing of a solvent-resistant printing ink in the form of the inverse of the negative characters
• step g the subsequent detachment of the layer structure in the unprinted areas for generating the negative characters 9
• step h a protective layer 7 can also be provided here (step h)).
• step b) the first cover layer 4 and the magnetic layer 5 are arranged over the entire surface of this printing ink 11.
• step c) the printing ink 11 is activated, so that the negative characters 9 and the magnetic segment-free coding segments 8 are produced.
• step d) the layer structure is printed in register with the second cover layer 6, the negative characters 9 being left out.
• a protective layer 7 can be applied in step e).
• the production variants according to a combination of the methods M2 to M5 and V3 are not shown in the following with reference to figures, since the sequence of the method steps practically does not differ from the production of the magnetic coding. With these variants, cutouts for the negative signs in the magnetic layer only have to be generated simultaneously with the magnetic coding.
• the last step is basically the printing of the second cover layer, which is left out in the area of the negative characters.
• step a the carrier film 3 is printed with the activatable printing ink 11 in the form of the inverse magnetic coding and then in step b) with the first covering layer 4 and the magnetic layer 5 are coated or vapor-coated over the entire surface.
• step c) which follows, the printing ink 11 is activated, so that the coding segments 8 free of the magnetic layer are formed.
• step d) An etching paint, which is, for example, an acid or a solvent, is applied to the cover layer 6 or contains a complexing agent, applied in the form of the later negative signs.
• This caustic color 15 must be chosen so that it can remove both the cover layers 4 and 6 and the magnetic layer 5. In this way, the negative characters 9 (step f) are created. In a final step g) the layer structure can finally be provided with a protective layer 7 again.
• the carrier film 3 is provided with the magnetic coding and the second covering layer 6 by a first covering layer 4 (step a)), a soluble layer 11 in the form of the inverse magnetic coding (step b )) and a full-surface magnetic layer 5 (step c)) is provided.
• the printing ink 11 is then activated, so that the magnetic layer-free coding segments 8 are formed (step d)).
• the second cover layer 6 is applied to the layer structure (step e)).
• the cover layer 6 is again printed with the etching printing ink 15 in the form of the later negative characters.
• the printing ink 15 detaches the layers 4, 5 and 6, so that cutouts in the layer structure, the negative characters 9, are created (step g)).
• a protective layer 7 can optionally be provided (step h)).
• step 16 shows the production variant according to a combination of methods M3 and V4.
• the carrier film 3 is first covered with a first covering layer 4 and then with the magnet gnetcoding 5 printed (step a) and b)).
• the second cover layer 6 is then applied (step c)).
• the treatment is now carried out with an etching printing ink 15 in the form of the later recesses, as a result of which the negative characters 9 arise (steps d) and e)).
• a protective layer 7 can be provided again in step f).
• step 17 shows the manufacturing variant according to a combination of methods M4 and V4.
• the magnetic layer 5 is applied to the entire surface of a carrier film 3, which is already provided with the entire lower layer 4 (step a)) (step b)).
• the pattern of the magnetic coding is then printed on with a non-soluble printing ink 12 (step c)).
• step d) the magnetic layer 5 is detached in the unprinted areas.
• the second cover layer 6 is applied and in steps f) and g) the treatment with the etching printing ink 15 takes place, as a result of which the negative signs 9 are produced.
• the layer structure can be covered with a protective layer 7 (step h)).
• the carrier film 3 is first coated or vapor-coated with a covering layer 4 and then with the magnetic layer 5 (steps a) and b)).
• the layer structure is then treated with an etching paint 13, which removes the unwanted parts of the magnetic layer 5 and thus generates the magnetic layer-free coding segments 8 (steps c) and d)).
• the negative characters are generated as a whole Layer structure by first applying the cover layer 6 (step e)), and then treating with a further etching printing ink 15 which produces the cutouts or negative characters 9 (step f) and g)).
• the layer structure can be provided with a protective layer 7 (step h)).
• the non-treated surface of the carrier film can of course be provided with further layers, such as a full-surface, semitransparent metal layer or luminescent imprints in all process variants.
• the respective process steps are preferably carried out in a continuous process on a plastic film in web form.
• the finished film is then cut into security elements of the desired shape and these are connected to the document material.
• the element can be embedded in the document material during the production of the document, e.g. as a window security thread. If the element is to be arranged on the document surface, the element is connected to the document material via a corresponding adhesive layer, the carrier film preferably coming to lie on the side facing away from the document as a protective layer.
• the endless carrier material can also be used as a transfer film.
• the carrier film must be prepared so that the layer structure can be detached from it, e.g. B. by providing a special separating layer.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=7781276

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (61)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 1995
  • 1995-12-22 DE DE19548528A patent/DE19548528A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1996
  • 1996-12-19 AU AU28745/97A patent/AU2874597A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-12-19 WO PCT/EP1996/005726 patent/WO1997023357A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1996-12-19 EP EP96944602A patent/EP0810925B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-12-19 DE DE59604690T patent/DE59604690D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-12-19 ES ES96944602T patent/ES2144283T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-12-19 AT AT96944602T patent/ATE190563T1/de active
  • 1996-12-19 US US08/894,371 patent/US6318758B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2001
  • 2001-10-17 US US09/978,001 patent/US6454166B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events