EP0810693B1 - Sealed electrical connecting device - Google Patents
Sealed electrical connecting device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0810693B1 EP0810693B1 EP97400937A EP97400937A EP0810693B1 EP 0810693 B1 EP0810693 B1 EP 0810693B1 EP 97400937 A EP97400937 A EP 97400937A EP 97400937 A EP97400937 A EP 97400937A EP 0810693 B1 EP0810693 B1 EP 0810693B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plug
- seal
- cover
- housing
- socket
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
- H01R13/52—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases
- H01R13/5219—Sealing means between coupling parts, e.g. interfacial seal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
- H01R13/52—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases
- H01R13/5213—Covers
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrical connection device waterproof comprising a plug or the like intended to be connected with an outlet constituting the base of an outlet or outlet mobile of an extension or a connector.
- GB-A-1 562 152 discloses a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the inventor had the merit of questioning this principle and to ensure sealing by means of a single seal arranged, unlike to known art, on the base and only on it, hereinafter referred to taken for the reasons of generalization mentioned above.
- the inventor proposes a device for electrical connection according to claim 1.
- the bearing surfaces of the cover and the plug housing are intended to come into contact with an area reduced by the curved part of the joint.
- the bearing surface of the cover is tapered, while the bearing surface of the housing the plug is cylindrical parallel to the longitudinal axis of said casing.
- the annular groove has a rectangular section as well as an internal rim from which the part projects bent over said seal and on which a corresponding part comes opposite of the cover or respectively of the plug housing in closed position of said cover and respectively in coupled position of said plug, while the outer wall of the groove annular has a longitudinal extension which extends beyond the inner rim of said groove.
- the extension of the outer wall of the annular groove is further flared from back to front in the longitudinal direction, on at least the most of its periphery.
- the seal has a rib peripheral provided on the outer face of its curved part, intended to rest on the internal wall of the throat, as well as a cut on the outside and at the base of its part curved and its foot is bevelled on its outside face.
- the socket housing has a ring peripheral which covers at least partially its annular groove and therefore the seal housed therein.
- the casing 1 more particularly of a socket outlet
- the casing 2 a plug ( Figures 2 and 4) intended to be plugged in to be connect in said base.
- a locking system in connection position here in the form of a hook 3 intended to engage with a corresponding part of the sheet (figure 4).
- the casing 1 of the base is further provided with a cover 4 ( Figures 1, 2, 4 and 6) which is articulated at 5 opposite the hook 3.
- the cover 4 is therefore pivotally mounted and can be locked in the closed position by means of the hook 3 (FIG. 6) already intended for lock the plug in the connection position, as already stated.
- groove 6 has a section rectangular with an inner rim 8 and an extension 9 of its outer wall which flares here from back to front (these references being mentioned only in the enlarged figures and in particular in Figure 3, for clarity).
- the seal 7 inserted in the groove 6 projects in the direction longitudinal with respect to the flange 8.
- the joint section 7 has a general shape of a curved hook towards the inside.
- the seal has a rib 7 'which comes apply to the extension 9 of the groove.
- a notch 7 "has been made while the foot of said joint has a cutaway or bevel 7 '' ' (figure 3).
- the seal 6 is additionally held in place by a ring 14, which is hung (for example by clipping) on the casing 1 and which comes partially cover the joint by resting on top of it, as the drawings clearly show.
- the ring 14 By partially covering the seal, the ring 14 also provides in the open position, a good appearance from the aesthetic point of view.
- the cover 4 and the casing 2 of the plug have bearing surfaces 10 and 11 on the joint 7, which terminate inward respectively by a tip 12 and a shoulder 13, the surface 10 of the cover being frustoconical with inward convergence in the closed position and back to front, while surface 11 of the plug is cylindrical parallel to the longitudinal axis of said plug, that is to say to the plug-in or mating direction.
- bearing surfaces 10 and 11 can be well heard both cylindrical, or both tapered, or even respectively cylindrical and truncated conversely of the embodiment shown.
- bearing surface 10 of the cover comes to the contact of the gasket 7 starting from the side of its articulation while that the surface 11 of the casing 2 is applied peripherally at the same time over the entire inner surface of the seal 7.
- the casing 1 can be that of a base electrical outlet, but also that of a mobile outlet intended for connect either to a connector base or to an extension plug, hence the general expression used, as already said, taken, while also generalizing the plug which can therefore constitute the base a connector.
Landscapes
- Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
Description
L'invention concerne un dispositif de connexion électrique étanche comportant une fiche ou similaire destinée à se connecter avec une prise constituant le socle d'une prise de courant ou la prise mobile d'un prolongateur ou d'un connecteur.The invention relates to an electrical connection device waterproof comprising a plug or the like intended to be connected with an outlet constituting the base of an outlet or outlet mobile of an extension or a connector.
Il est connu de concevoir un socle de prise de courant pourvu
d'un carter muni d'un couvercle de protection articulé et rabattable
en position de repos. GB-A-1 562 152 divulgue un dispositif
selon le préambule de la revendication 1.It is known to design a socket outlet provided
a housing fitted with a hinged and hinged protective cover
in the rest position. GB-A-1 562 152 discloses a device
according to the preamble of
Il est clair toutefois qu'il y a lieu de généraliser un tel socle à d'autres systèmes de connexion électrique, comme mentionné ci-avant, tels qu'une prise mobile d'un connecteur électrique, prévue pour s'accoupler avec le socle du connecteur dont les organes de contact sont généralement semblables à ceux d'une fiche, ou encore tels qu'une prise mobile d'un prolongateur, prévue pour s'accoupler avec une fiche.It is clear, however, that there is a need to generalize such base to other electrical connection systems, as mentioned above, such as a mobile socket of an electrical connector, provided to mate with the base of the connector including the contacts are generally similar to those of a record, or such as a mobile extension plug, intended to mate with a plug.
Il est difficile de concevoir des dispositifs étanches de ce type, susceptibles notamment de supporter certains jeux et tolérances entre les pièces.It is difficult to design waterproof devices of this kind. type, likely to withstand certain clearances and tolerances between the rooms.
C'est pourquoi jusqu'à présent, l'étanchéité était obtenue au moyen de deux joints plats annulaires prévus pour venir s'appliquer sur le bord frontal du socle, l'un étant aménagé dans le couvercle et l'autre, autour d'une partie de la fiche.This is why until now, the sealing was obtained with by means of two annular flat seals provided to come to apply on the front edge of the base, one being arranged in the cover and the other, around part of the plug.
L'inventeur a eu le mérite de remettre en cause ce principe et d'assurer l'étanchéité au moyen d'un seul joint disposé, contrairement à l'art connu, sur le socle et seulement sur celui-ci, dénommé ci-après prise pour les raisons de généralisation évoquées ci-avant.The inventor had the merit of questioning this principle and to ensure sealing by means of a single seal arranged, unlike to known art, on the base and only on it, hereinafter referred to taken for the reasons of generalization mentioned above.
Toutefois, entre autre dans ce cas, il y avait lieu de réaliser une jonction étanche compatible avec à la fois le mouvement pivotant du couvercle et le mouvement translatif de la fiche.However, among other things in this case, it was necessary to realize a watertight junction compatible with both the pivoting movement of the cover and the translational movement of the plug.
Pour atteindre ce but, l'inventeur propose un dispositif de
connexion électrique
selon la revendication 1. To achieve this goal, the inventor proposes a device for
electrical connection
according to
Avantageusement, les surfaces d'appui du couvercle et du carter de la fiche sont prévues pour venir au contact d'une zone réduite de la partie recourbée du joint.Advantageously, the bearing surfaces of the cover and the plug housing are intended to come into contact with an area reduced by the curved part of the joint.
Par exemple et non obligatoirement, la surface d'appui du couvercle est tronconique, tandis que la surface d'appui du carter de la fiche est cylindrique parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal dudit carter.For example and not necessarily, the bearing surface of the cover is tapered, while the bearing surface of the housing the plug is cylindrical parallel to the longitudinal axis of said casing.
De préférence, la gorge annulaire présente une section rectangulaire ainsi qu'un rebord intérieur d'où fait saillie la partie recourbée dudit joint et sur lequel vient en regard une partie correspondante du couvercle ou respectivement du carter de la fiche en position fermée dudit couvercle et respectivement en position accouplée de ladite fiche, tandis que la paroi extérieure de la gorge annulaire présente un prolongement longitudinal qui s'étend au-delà du rebord intérieur de ladite gorge.Preferably, the annular groove has a rectangular section as well as an internal rim from which the part projects bent over said seal and on which a corresponding part comes opposite of the cover or respectively of the plug housing in closed position of said cover and respectively in coupled position of said plug, while the outer wall of the groove annular has a longitudinal extension which extends beyond the inner rim of said groove.
Dans ce cas par exemple et non nécessairement, le prolongement de la paroi extérieure de la gorge annulaire est en outre évasé de l'arrière vers l'avant dans le sens longitudinal, sur au moins la majeure partie de sa périphérie.In this case for example and not necessarily, the extension of the outer wall of the annular groove is further flared from back to front in the longitudinal direction, on at least the most of its periphery.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le joint présente une nervure périphérique prévue sur la face extérieure de sa partie recourbée, destinée à s'appuyer sur la paroi interne de la gorge, ainsi qu'une entaille ménagée sur la face extérieure et à la base de sa partie recourbée et son pied est biseauté sur sa face extérieure.According to one embodiment, the seal has a rib peripheral provided on the outer face of its curved part, intended to rest on the internal wall of the throat, as well as a cut on the outside and at the base of its part curved and its foot is bevelled on its outside face.
Pour des raisons de maintien du joint et éventuellement aussi pour des raisons esthétiques, le carter de la prise comporte une bague périphérique qui vient recouvrir au moins en partie sa gorge annulaire et donc le joint logé dans cette dernière.For reasons of maintaining the seal and possibly also for aesthetic reasons, the socket housing has a ring peripheral which covers at least partially its annular groove and therefore the seal housed therein.
L'invention sera bien comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple et qui se réfère aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:
- la figure 1 est une vue de dessus d'un socle de prise de courant selon l'invention, avec son couvercle ouvert,
- la figure 2 montre en coupe axiale le carter de la figure 1 du socle de prise de courant pourvu de son couvercle en position ouverte, ainsi que le carter d'une fiche prête à l'enfichage,
- la figure 3 est une partie agrandie de la figure 2,
- la figure 4 montre en coupe les deux éléments de la figure 1 après enfichage,
- la figure 5 est une partie agrandie de la figure 4,
- la figure 6 montre en coupe le carter des figures 1 à 5 avec son couvercle rabattu,
- la figure 7 est une partie agrandie de la figure 6.
- FIG. 1 is a top view of a socket outlet according to the invention, with its cover open,
- FIG. 2 shows in axial section the casing of FIG. 1 of the socket outlet provided with its cover in the open position, as well as the casing of a plug ready for insertion,
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged part of FIG. 2,
- FIG. 4 shows in section the two elements of FIG. 1 after plugging in,
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged part of FIG. 4,
- FIG. 6 shows in section the casing of FIGS. 1 to 5 with its cover folded down,
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged part of FIG. 6.
Sur les dessins, on peut voir à titre d'exemple, le carter 1,
plus particulièrement d'un socle de prise de courant, et le carter 2
d'une fiche (figures 2 et 4) destinée à venir s'enficher pour se
connecter dans ledit socle.On the drawings, one can see by way of example, the
Dans le carter 2 de la fiche, sont évidemment prévus des
contacts multiples sous forme de broches, destinés à venir en prise
avec des contacts correspondants, généralement à pression, aménagés
dans un support isolant disposé dans le carter 1 du socle (les
contacts qui ne font pas l'objet du brevet ne sont pas représentés,
comme d'autres moyens d'ailleurs).In
Du fait de la pression exercée par les contacts et aussi de
celle exercée par un système d'éjection de la fiche, on prévoit un
système de verrouillage en position de connexion, sous forme ici d'un
crochet 3 destiné à venir en prise avec une partie correspondante de
la fiche (figure 4).Due to the pressure exerted by the contacts and also
that exerted by a plug ejection system, a
locking system in connection position, here in the form of a
Le carter 1 du socle est en outre pourvu d'un couvercle 4
(figures 1, 2, 4 et 6) qui est articulé en 5 à l'opposé du crochet 3.The
Le couvercle 4 est donc monté pivotant et peut être verrouillé en position fermée au moyen du crochet 3 (figure 6) déjà destiné à verrouiller la fiche en position de connexion, comme déjà dit.The cover 4 is therefore pivotally mounted and can be locked in the closed position by means of the hook 3 (FIG. 6) already intended for lock the plug in the connection position, as already stated.
A l'extrémité frontale du carter du socle, est prévue une
gorge 6 destinée à recevoir un joint annulaire 7. At the front end of the base casing, there is a
Comme le montrent les dessins, la gorge 6 présente une section
rectangulaire avec un rebord intérieur 8 et un prolongement 9 de sa
paroi extérieure qui s'évase ici de l'arrière vers l'avant (ces références
n'étant mentionnées que sur les figures agrandies et en particulier
sur la figure 3, pour raison de clarté).As shown in the drawings,
Le joint 7 inséré dans la gorge 6 fait saillie dans le sens
longitudinal par rapport au rebord 8. Comme on peut le voir aussi, la
section du joint 7 présente une forme générale de crochet recourbé
vers l'intérieur.The
En outre, comme le montrent bien les figures agrandies et plus
spécialement la figure 3, le joint présente une nervure 7' qui vient
s'appliquer sur le prolongement 9 de la gorge.In addition, as can be seen from the enlarged figures and more
especially Figure 3, the seal has a rib 7 'which comes
apply to the
Pour des questions de déformation du joint et/ou d'air à
chasser de la gorge 6, sous la nervure 7', on a ménagé une entaille 7"
tandis que le pied dudit joint présente un pan coupé ou biseau 7'''
(figure 3).For questions of deformation of the seal and / or air to
drive out of the
Le joint 6 est en plus maintenu en place par une bague 14, qui
est accrochée (par exemple par clipsage) sur le carter 1 et qui vient
recouvrir en partie le joint en s'appuyant sur le dessus de celui-ci,
comme le montrent bien les dessins.The
En recouvrant en partie le joint, la bague 14 assure en outre
en position d'ouverture, un bon aspect du point de vue esthétique.By partially covering the seal, the
Comme le montrent aussi les dessins, le couvercle 4 et le
carter 2 de la fiche présentent des surfaces d'appui 10 et 11 sur le
joint 7, qui se terminent vers l'intérieur respectivement par une
pointe 12 et un épaulement 13, la surface 10 du couvercle étant tronconique
avec convergence vers l'intérieur en position fermée et de
l'arrière vers l'avant, tandis que la surface 11 de la fiche est
cylindrique parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal de ladite fiche, c'est-à-dire
à la direction d'enfichage ou d'accouplement.As also shown in the drawings, the cover 4 and the
Toutefois, les surfaces d'appui 10 et 11 peuvent être bien
entendu toutes les deux cylindriques, ou encore toutes les deux tronconiques,
voire même respectivement cylindrique et trononique à l'inverse
du mode de réalisation représenté.However, the
On comprend que la surface d'appui 10 du couvercle vient au
contact du joint 7 en commençant du côté de son articulation tandis
que la surface 11 du carter 2 s'applique périphériquement en même
temps sur toute la surface intérieure du joint 7.It is understood that the
En position fermée du couvercle ou en position de connexion de
la fiche, c'est-à-dire après verrouillage par le crochet 3, on peut
voir que les surfaces d'appui 10 et 11 du couvercle et de la fiche
s'appuient sur la partie recourbée vers l'intérieur du joint 7 qui se
déforme en se refermant sur lui-même tandis que la pointe 12 dudit
couvercle et respectivement l'épaulement 13 de ladite fiche viennent
en regard (voire en contact ou en quasi-contact) avec le rebord 8 du
carter du socle.In the closed position of the cover or in the connection position of
the plug, i.e. after locking with the
On comprend que le contact des surfaces d'appui précitées 10
et 11 avec le joint 7 s'effectue sensiblement selon des génératrices
dudit joint (notées C et C' sur les figures 5 et 7), tandis que le
joint est en contact en plusieurs endroits dans la gorge 6, comme le
montrent bien lesdites figures 5 et 7, et plus particulièrement par sa
nervure 7', assurant ainsi une bonne étanchéité.It is understood that the contact of the abovementioned bearing
Comme précisé ci-avant, le carter 1 peut être celui d'un socle
de prise de courant, mais aussi celui d'une prise mobile prévue pour
se connecter soit à un socle de connecteur, soit à une fiche de prolongateur,
d'où l'expression générale utilisée, comme déjà dit, de prise,
tout en généralisant aussi la fiche qui peut donc constituer le socle
d'un connecteur.As specified above, the
Claims (11)
- Sealed electrical connecting device comprising a plug and a socket constituting the base of a power socket or the mobile socket of an extension or of a connector, the plug being designed to be connected with the socket, and said socket being provided with a housing (1) fitted with a hinged protective cover (4) which can be swung back in the resting position, while the cover (4) and respectively the housing (2) of the plug have bearing surfaces designed to come into contact with an annular seal (7) in the closed position of the cover and respectively in the coupled position of the plug, characterised in that on its front edge said housing (1) of the socket has an annular groove (6) receiving the base portion of the annular seal (7) which generally has the sectional shape of a hook curved towards the inside.
- Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the bearing surfaces (10, 11) of the cover and of the plug are designed to come into contact with a reduced zone (C', C) of the curved portion of the seal (7).
- Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the bearing surface (10) of the cover (4) is the shape of a truncated cone.
- Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the bearing surface (11) of the housing (2) of the plug is cylindrical parallel to the longitudinal axis of said housing.
- Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the annular groove (6) has a rectangular section.
- Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the annular groove (6) which receives the seal (7) has an internal edge (8) from which the curved portion of said seal projects and which is faced by a corresponding portion (12) of the cover (4) or respectively (13) of the housing of the plug in the closed position of said cover and respectively in the coupled position of said plug, while the external wall of the annular groove (6) has a longitudinal extension (9) which extends beyond the internal edge (8) of said groove (6).
- Device according to claim 6, characterised in that the extension (9) of the external wall of the annular groove (6) is additionally flared from the rear towards the front in the longitudinal direction over at least the major portion of its periphery.
- Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the seal (7) has a peripheral rib (7') provided on the external face of its curved portion, designed to bear on the internal wall of the groove (6).
- Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the seal (7) has a notch (7") formed in the external face and at the base of its curved portion.
- Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the seal has a bevelled foot (7"') on its external face.
- Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the housing (1) of the socket comprises a peripheral ring (14) which at least partly covers its annular groove (6) and thus the seal (7) housed in the latter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9606711 | 1996-05-31 | ||
FR9606711A FR2749444B1 (en) | 1996-05-31 | 1996-05-31 | WATERPROOF ELECTRICAL CONNECTION DEVICE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0810693A1 EP0810693A1 (en) | 1997-12-03 |
EP0810693B1 true EP0810693B1 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
Family
ID=9492586
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97400937A Expired - Lifetime EP0810693B1 (en) | 1996-05-31 | 1997-04-25 | Sealed electrical connecting device |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5980278A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0810693B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH1050394A (en) |
AU (1) | AU727944B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2202927C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69705676T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2749444B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX9703973A (en) |
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FR2551272B1 (en) * | 1983-08-22 | 1986-04-18 | Courtaigne Bertrand | INSULATED AND WATERPROOF ELECTRICAL OUTLET |
US4712861A (en) * | 1985-02-07 | 1987-12-15 | Northern Telecom Limited | Two-channel hermaphroditic fiber connector |
US5145402A (en) * | 1990-06-06 | 1992-09-08 | General Motors Corporation | Electrical connector |
EP0460727B1 (en) * | 1990-06-06 | 1994-08-24 | General Motors Corporation | Electrical connector |
US5100336A (en) * | 1990-11-13 | 1992-03-31 | Electro-Wire Products Inc. | Bulkhead connector assembly |
DE4101316C1 (en) * | 1991-01-18 | 1992-05-27 | Aloys Mennekes Anlagengesellschaft, 5942 Kirchhundem, De | |
DE9217952U1 (en) * | 1992-03-26 | 1993-04-01 | Harting Elektronik Gmbh, 4992 Espelkamp | Connector housing |
JP2901111B2 (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1999-06-07 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | Waterproof connector |
DE4220716A1 (en) * | 1992-06-24 | 1994-01-13 | Lescha Maschf Gmbh | Electrical multipin power supply connector - comprises socket with inset pins and sealing ring that receives plug with matching contact bushes |
DE9302393U1 (en) * | 1993-02-19 | 1993-04-01 | Kalthoff GmbH, 5885 Schalksmühle | Splash-proof built-in socket |
JP3112226B2 (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 2000-11-27 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | Charging connector for electric vehicles |
FR2727800B1 (en) * | 1994-12-02 | 1997-01-17 | Marechal Sepm | WATERPROOF ELECTRICAL CONNECTION DEVICE |
-
1996
- 1996-05-31 FR FR9606711A patent/FR2749444B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-04-16 CA CA002202927A patent/CA2202927C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-22 JP JP9118840A patent/JPH1050394A/en active Pending
- 1997-04-25 DE DE69705676T patent/DE69705676T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-25 EP EP97400937A patent/EP0810693B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-26 AU AU23620/97A patent/AU727944B2/en not_active Expired
- 1997-05-29 MX MX9703973A patent/MX9703973A/en unknown
- 1997-05-30 US US08/865,991 patent/US5980278A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7208687B2 (en) | 2005-02-04 | 2007-04-24 | Adc Gmbh | Seal for a cover for an electrical connecting socket |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU727944B2 (en) | 2001-01-04 |
MX9703973A (en) | 1998-04-30 |
US5980278A (en) | 1999-11-09 |
FR2749444A1 (en) | 1997-12-05 |
FR2749444B1 (en) | 1998-07-24 |
EP0810693A1 (en) | 1997-12-03 |
DE69705676D1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
AU2362097A (en) | 1997-12-04 |
DE69705676T2 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
CA2202927A1 (en) | 1997-11-30 |
JPH1050394A (en) | 1998-02-20 |
CA2202927C (en) | 2005-04-05 |
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