EP0808444B1 - Method and apparatus for drying a humid layer with the aid of microwaves - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for drying a humid layer with the aid of microwaves Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0808444B1 EP0808444B1 EP96903316A EP96903316A EP0808444B1 EP 0808444 B1 EP0808444 B1 EP 0808444B1 EP 96903316 A EP96903316 A EP 96903316A EP 96903316 A EP96903316 A EP 96903316A EP 0808444 B1 EP0808444 B1 EP 0808444B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- microwave
- carrier
- microwaves
- compartment
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015927 pasta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009928 pasteurization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
- H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B13/00—Machines and apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
- F26B13/10—Arrangements for feeding, heating or supporting materials; Controlling movement, tension or position of materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
- F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
- F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
- F26B15/18—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined the objects or batches of materials being carried by endless belts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
- F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
- F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2206/00—Aspects relating to heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields covered by group H05B6/00
- H05B2206/04—Heating using microwaves
- H05B2206/046—Microwave drying of wood, ink, food, ceramic, sintering of ceramic, clothes, hair
Definitions
- This invention concerns a method for drying, with the aid of microwaves, a humid layer which is applied on a nonmetallic carrier, wherein at least part of the carrier is introduced into a restricted compartment, in which is arranged a microwave-emitting means, in order to be irradiated with microwaves.
- the invention further relates to an apparatus for implementing this method, said apparatus comprising a compartment which is adapted to receive at least part of the carrier and in which a microwave-emitting means is arranged.
- a microwave-drier is revealed, on which the preamble of claim 1 is based. It shows the state of the art in microwave-drying, i.e. a subject placed in a drying chamber and being irradiated with microwaves.
- microwaves are used for many different purposes, such as the vulcanisation of rubber, the pasteurisation of milk products and the drying of pasta.
- the microwave technique here primarily has the advantage of enabling a great saving of time and energy.
- the object of this invention is to obviate these inconveniences by providing a method and an apparatus which are of the type mentioned by way of introduction and which enable even drying of humid layers.
- this object is achieved by a method which is characterised in that a microwave-absorbing means is introduced into the compartment , said microwave-absorbing means having a greater capacity to absorb microwaves than do, when taken together, the carrier part introduced into said compartment and the humid layer applied on said carrier part, said part of the carrier being introduced into the compartment between the microwave-emitting means and the microwave-absorbing means.
- this object is also achieved by an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 5, which is characterised in that said compartment accommodates a microwave-absorbing means which in use has a greater capacity to absorb microwaves than do, when taken together, the carrier part intended to be introduced into said compartment and the humid layer applied on said carrier part, the microwave-absorbing means being a liquid bath which is disposed opposite to the microwave-emitting means, said carrier being intended to be introduced between the microwave-emitting means and the microwave-absorbing means.
- capacity to absorb microwaves is here meant the capacity to absorb an electromagnetic field generated by the microwaves emitted by the microwave-emitting means. In the absorption proper, the electromagnetic energy is converted to e.g. heat energy.
- the conversion of energy seems to occur chiefly in the fairly large microwave-absorbing means, probably owing to the focalisation phenomena referred to above. Temperature measurements have at least indicated that it is in this means that most of the energy is converted, while temperature measurements involving the carrier part introduced into the compartment and the layer applied on this carrier part have shown that but a very limited increase in temperature, or even a reduction in temperature, takes place in the carrier and the layer thereon. Surprisingly enough, the humid layer on the carrier nevertheless dries very quickly as well as evenly, the energy contribution required for the microwave-absorbing means being so limited that the inventive solution is advantageous also from the point of view of energy consumption, for instance as compared with the hot-air ovens conventionally used for drying paint or varnish.
- Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing a microwave oven 1 from one short side.
- the microwave oven 1 comprises an oven chamber 2, in the upper part of which is arranged a magnetron 3, which is connected to a waveguide 4 adapted to emit microwaves 5 into the oven chamber 2.
- a microwave absorber 6 here shown in its simplest embodiment in the form of a humid piece of wood 7.
- a carrier 8 is arranged between the waveguide 4 and the piece of wood 7.
- the carrier 8 is a piece of wood 9 on which is applied a humid layer 10 (here a varnish layer 11).
- a humid layer 10 here a varnish layer 11
- the varnish layer 11 is in the Figure shown at a distance from the piece of wood 9, but it will be appreciated that this layer is, of course, joined with the piece of wood 9 in actual practice.
- the absorbing piece of wood 7 has a much larger volume than the varnished piece of wood 9, the two pieces of wood being disposed at a distance d from each other.
- the larger volume of the absorbing piece of wood 7 contributes to concentrating the microwave energy and, hence, the heat generation in this piece of wood, whereas the varnished piece of wood 9 is but to a fairly small extent affected by this energy.
- a layer 11 of water-based varnish was applied on a room-dry board measuring 1500 x 350 x 22 mm.
- the board was then immediately introduced into a microwave oven 1, in which a plurality of magnetrons 3 having a total output of 5 kW were arranged in a row.
- a microwave absorber 6 was placed at the bottom of the oven chamber 2, to be more specific a humid piece of wood 7 having a total volume of 30 l (to be compared with the volume of the varnished board of barely 12 l). There was a distance d of 30 mm between the two pieces of wood 7, 8.
- the test was carried out at room temperature, i.e. at approximately 20°C; a temperature at which the normal drying time of the varnish employed is 1.5-2.0 h.
- the varnished board 9 placed in the microwave oven 1 was, for 30 s, exposed to the microwaves.
- the temperature of the board 9 increased to barely 25°C, while the temperature of the absorbing piece of wood 7 increased to above 50°C.
- the varnish layer 11 applied on the board was already dry and could be top-coated, despite the fact that the limited temperature increase that could be measured should only have had a marginal effect on the drying time (1.5-2 h at room temperature).
- Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 shows a microwave oven 1 having an oven chamber 2 in which are arranged a magnetron 3 and a waveguide 4.
- the waveguide 4 emits microwaves 5 towards the bottom of the oven chamber 2, where a microwave absorber 6 is arranged.
- the microwave absorber 6 is a water bath 12 which is contained in a tub 13 and which, via conduits 14, can be circulated through a cooler 16 with the aid of a pump 15.
- a humid layer 10 in the form of a paper web 18 is arranged on the wire 17. Naturally, the paper web 18 rests on the wire 17, even though it is here, for clarity purposes, shown to be separated from the wire.
- the wire 17 and the paper web 18 can be continuously fed through the oven chamber 2 with the aid of pairs of rollers 19 and 20.
- the microwave absorber 6 (the water bath 12) comprises also in this embodiment a much larger volume of liquid than does the wire 17 arranged at a distance above the absorber.
- Figs 3 and 4 illustrate a varnish-drying apparatus 21, which is intended to be integrated in a varnishing plant (not shown).
- This apparatus 21 comprises a floor stand 22 supporting a belt conveyor 23, which is adapted to feed nonmetallic objects, such as wood-particle boards, on which a still humid varnish layer 11 is applied, through an oven chamber 2, preferably from the left to the right as seen in Fig. 3.
- the oven chamber 2 forms part of a microwave oven 1 which by and large corresponds to the microwave ovens described above.
- a microwave oven 1 which by and large corresponds to the microwave ovens described above.
- several (four to be more specific) magnetrons 3 with associated waveguides 4 are, however, arranged in a row transversely of the belt conveyor 23 so as to produce an even more uniform distribution of the effect of the microwaves across the varnish layer 11 than is already achieved by the inventive absorber 6.
- this solution or similar solutions may also be applied to any of the embodiments described above.
- the absorber 6 which, like in the solution of Fig. 2, is a water bath 12 contained in a tub 13, which is arranged between the upper and lower runs 24, 25 of the belt conveyor 23.
- the conveying belt of the belt conveyor 23 must, in the illustrated embodiment, be made of a material allowing microwaves to pass through it. It should, however, be emphasised that the preferred position described here of the absorber 6 opposite to the magnetrons and below the upper run 24 is not the only conceivable position, but that the absorber 6 may also be disposed elsewhere in the oven chamber 2, provided that the capacity of the absorber 6 to absorb microwaves is used to the full. Also, the conveying belt might then be made of a material not allowing microwaves to pass through it.
- the water bath of the apparatus 21 is, like the water bath 12 shown in Fig. 2, connected to a cooler (not shown), and the oven chamber in the apparatus 21 is further in communication with ventilating ducts 26, 27. In the oven chamber 2, the air effectively takes up all condensation and is then discharged through the duct 27.
- the varnish-drying apparatus 21 has been found to confer other advantages than extremely rapid drying of the varnish. Owing to the brief period of time elapsing, due to the integration in the varnishing plant, between the application of a varnish layer 11 and the departure of water or solvent from this layer, but a minor amount of the varnish mixture has time to penetrate into the varnished object. Especially in the case of varnished wooden products, the grain raising will be much less pronounced than before. As a result, e.g. the polishing of the primer is facilitated. Also, there is a much smaller risk that erected fibres in the varnish layer should be polished off, such that the primed surface becomes more dense and the subsequent varnish layer thus becomes more even and can be made thinner.
- varnish layers 11 that have been dried in accordance with the inventive method obtain a surface which is highly resistant to blackening when coming into contact with metal objects, and that varnish specialists have, in view of the extremely short drying times made possible by the present invention, held out the prospect of more environment-friendly varnishes.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE9500546A SE9500546L (sv) | 1995-02-15 | 1995-02-15 | Sätt och anordning för att torka ett fuktigt skikt med hjälp av mikrovågor |
SE9500546 | 1995-02-15 | ||
PCT/SE1996/000189 WO1996025638A1 (en) | 1995-02-15 | 1996-02-14 | Method and apparatus for drying a humid layer with the aid of microwaves |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0808444A1 EP0808444A1 (en) | 1997-11-26 |
EP0808444B1 true EP0808444B1 (en) | 2001-04-25 |
Family
ID=20397221
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96903316A Expired - Lifetime EP0808444B1 (en) | 1995-02-15 | 1996-02-14 | Method and apparatus for drying a humid layer with the aid of microwaves |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0808444B1 (sv) |
AT (1) | ATE200820T1 (sv) |
AU (1) | AU4736296A (sv) |
DE (1) | DE69612608T2 (sv) |
DK (1) | DK0808444T3 (sv) |
ES (1) | ES2159018T3 (sv) |
SE (1) | SE9500546L (sv) |
WO (1) | WO1996025638A1 (sv) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6207941B1 (en) | 1998-07-16 | 2001-03-27 | The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for rapid drying of coated materials with close capture of vapors |
US8765167B2 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2014-07-01 | Monosol Rx, Llc | Uniform films for rapid-dissolve dosage form incorporating anti-tacking compositions |
US10285910B2 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2019-05-14 | Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. | Sublingual and buccal film compositions |
US8603514B2 (en) | 2002-04-11 | 2013-12-10 | Monosol Rx, Llc | Uniform films for rapid dissolve dosage form incorporating taste-masking compositions |
US7357891B2 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2008-04-15 | Monosol Rx, Llc | Process for making an ingestible film |
US20190328679A1 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2019-10-31 | Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. | Uniform films for rapid-dissolve dosage form incorporating anti-tacking compositions |
US20110033542A1 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2011-02-10 | Monosol Rx, Llc | Sublingual and buccal film compositions |
US11207805B2 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2021-12-28 | Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. | Process for manufacturing a resulting pharmaceutical film |
ITPN20020028A1 (it) | 2002-05-07 | 2003-11-07 | Microglass Srl | Macchina per la lavorazione del legno. |
JP2008110541A (ja) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-15 | Denso Corp | ハニカム成形体の製造方法および乾燥装置 |
DK2525675T3 (en) | 2010-01-18 | 2015-07-13 | Enwave Corp | The microwave Vacuum drying of the organics |
US9149959B2 (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2015-10-06 | Monosol Rx, Llc | Manufacturing of small film strips |
WO2012143048A1 (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-10-26 | Pegil Innovations Ab | Device for microwave treatment |
JP2019519487A (ja) | 2016-05-05 | 2019-07-11 | アクエスティブ セラピューティクス インコーポレイテッド | 送達増強エピネフリン組成物 |
US11273131B2 (en) | 2016-05-05 | 2022-03-15 | Aquestive Therapeutics, Inc. | Pharmaceutical compositions with enhanced permeation |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2694876B1 (fr) * | 1992-08-19 | 1994-10-28 | Musorb Applic Ferrites | Plat pour four à micro-ondes et procédé pour sa fabrication. |
-
1995
- 1995-02-15 SE SE9500546A patent/SE9500546L/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-02-14 ES ES96903316T patent/ES2159018T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-14 DK DK96903316T patent/DK0808444T3/da active
- 1996-02-14 WO PCT/SE1996/000189 patent/WO1996025638A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-02-14 AT AT96903316T patent/ATE200820T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-02-14 DE DE69612608T patent/DE69612608T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-02-14 AU AU47362/96A patent/AU4736296A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-02-14 EP EP96903316A patent/EP0808444B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
"Trocknungstechnik", K. Kröll, second volume, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1978, page 418 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE9500546D0 (sv) | 1995-02-15 |
DE69612608D1 (de) | 2001-05-31 |
ES2159018T3 (es) | 2001-09-16 |
DK0808444T3 (da) | 2001-08-13 |
EP0808444A1 (en) | 1997-11-26 |
SE502928C2 (sv) | 1996-02-26 |
AU4736296A (en) | 1996-09-04 |
ATE200820T1 (de) | 2001-05-15 |
DE69612608T2 (de) | 2002-05-29 |
WO1996025638A1 (en) | 1996-08-22 |
SE9500546L (sv) | 1996-02-26 |
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