EP0805507A1 - Empfangs- und/oder Sendeeinrichtung für Funksprüche mit einer induktiven und kapazitiven Antenne - Google Patents
Empfangs- und/oder Sendeeinrichtung für Funksprüche mit einer induktiven und kapazitiven Antenne Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0805507A1 EP0805507A1 EP97106490A EP97106490A EP0805507A1 EP 0805507 A1 EP0805507 A1 EP 0805507A1 EP 97106490 A EP97106490 A EP 97106490A EP 97106490 A EP97106490 A EP 97106490A EP 0805507 A1 EP0805507 A1 EP 0805507A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- plates
- coil
- housing
- electromagnetic field
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 resistors Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000000707 wrist Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000245 forearm Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/273—Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for receiving and / or transmitting portable radio broadcast messages which comprises an antenna capable of picking up an electromagnetic field carrying radio broadcast messages.
- Portable devices of this type are already known, devices which are sometimes in the form of a timepiece such as a wristwatch.
- An embodiment of such an arrangement is described in European patent No. 0 312 792.
- This document describes a wristwatch comprising an antenna and a microreceptor arranged in a housing.
- the antenna comprises a first conductive element in the form of a loop located in the upper part of the housing, a second conductive element connected to the ground of the microreceptor and arranged in the lower part of the housing.
- An adaptation and tuning circuit connects these two conductive elements to the inputs of the microreceptor.
- the first element of the antenna forms, on the one hand, with the second conducting element a capacitive doublet sensitive to an electrical component of the electromagnetic field carrying radio broadcast messages.
- the first element makes it possible to form a loop sensitive to a magnetic component of the electromagnetic field.
- the antenna has a mixed electrical and magnetic appearance because it is sensitive to both electrical and magnetic components of the electromagnetic field.
- the two conductive elements are arranged in planes parallel to the dial of the housing. Consequently, the loop formed by the first element captures the radial magnetic component of the electromagnetic field relative to the wrist of the user and the capacitive doublet formed. by the two conductive elements captures the radial electrical component of the electromagnetic field relative to the wrist of the user.
- this portable reception device has a significant variation depending on the frequency of the electromagnetic field which is picked up.
- the object of the present invention is a device for receiving portable radio broadcast messages which at least partially remedies these drawbacks.
- Another object of the invention is a device for receiving portable radio broadcast messages in which the gain / bandwidth product of the antenna is optimized.
- Another object of the invention is a device for receiving portable radio-broadcast messages which allows regular behavior as a function of the frequency of the electromagnetic field picked up.
- the object of the invention is a device for receiving portable radio-broadcast messages which comprises a single antenna and the construction of which is simple and compact.
- the invention thus relates to a device for receiving and / or transmitting portable radio broadcast messages intended to be worn on a part of the body having the shape of a cylinder such as the arm or the trunk of this body.
- the device comprises a housing, an antenna capable of picking up both a magnetic component and an electrical component of an electromagnetic field carrying broadcast radio messages, and a microreceptor receiving the messages picked up by the antenna.
- the antenna comprises two conductive plates arranged so as to pick up the radial electrical component of the electromagnetic field with respect to the body.
- the antenna is formed by a coil comprising a coil arranged in the housing to pick up the azimuthal magnetic component of the electromagnetic field around said part of the body.
- the plates are part of the coil.
- the present invention makes it possible to produce a portable radio message reception device, the antenna of which picks up the radial electrical and azimuthal magnetic components of an electromagnetic field, which, on the one hand, increases the efficiency of the antenna and , on the other hand, makes the antenna less sensitive to variations in frequency of the electromagnetic field received.
- a capacitive antenna is in the form of two electrodes separated by a dielectric and an inductive antenna in the form of a coil.
- dielectric is meant here an insulating material separating the two electrodes, this material also being able to be air.
- the polarization of the electrical component picked up from the incident field is perpendicular to the electrodes of the capacitive antenna while the polarization of the magnetic component picked up from the incident field is parallel to the axis of the coil of the inductive antenna.
- the present invention relates to a receiving device intended to be worn on a part of the body of a user, it is important to know the influence of this body on the configuration of the electromagnetic field.
- the amplitude and the direction of the electromagnetic field are greatly modified in the vicinity of the body, this being mainly due to the fact that the dielectric properties of the human body are very different from those of air.
- FIG. 1 shows a forearm 1 of a user wearing a reception device according to the invention which is in the form of a wristwatch 4 comprising a case 2 and a strap 3.
- a case 2 act the two predominant components E r (radial electrical components) and H ⁇ (azimuthal magnetic component).
- FIG. 2 shows a human figure carrying a portable receiving device 5 comprising a box 6 attached to a belt 7. On this portable receiving device 5 also act the radial electrical component E r and the azimuthal magnetic component H ⁇ of a field electromagnetic carrying radio broadcast messages.
- FIG. 3 there is a schematic view of a portable receiving device 10 according to the invention which comprises a housing 11, a single antenna 12 adapted to receive both the azimuthal magnetic H ⁇ and electrical components radial E r of an electromagnetic field carrying broadcast radio messages and a microreceptor 13 receiving the messages picked up by the antenna to transform these messages into data perceptible by the user of the portable reception device.
- the latter is carried by the user so that the housing is close to its body 14.
- the antenna 12 comprises two conductive plates 15 and 16 placed substantially parallel to one another and separated by air or any other dielectric.
- the plates 15 and 16 are arranged in the housing 11 to capture the radial electrical component E r of the electromagnetic field with respect to the body 14.
- the plates 15 and 16 are preferably mounted in the housing 11 so that they are substantially parallel to the surface of the user's skin in front of the portable receiving device when the latter is worn by the user.
- the antenna 12 is constituted by a coil 17 comprising, in this example, a single turn disposed in the housing 11 for picking up the azimuthal magnetic component H ⁇ of the electromagnetic field around the body 14.
- the antenna is mounted in the housing 11 so that the longitudinal axis of the coil is substantially perpendicular to the surface of the user's skin in front of the portable receiving device, and arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical part of the body in question, when this device is worn by the user.
- the plates 15 and 16 form part of the coil 17.
- the portable reception device 10 comprises a single antenna 12 which takes advantage of two predominant components of the electromagnetic field carrying radio broadcast messages, namely the radial electrical component E r and the azimuthal magnetic component H ⁇ . By allowing the use of these two components at the same time, the efficiency of the antenna is increased.
- the plates 15 and 16 comprise connection zones 21 to 24 by which they are connected to the remaining part of the coil 17.
- the connection zones 21 and 22 are arranged at the diametrically opposite locations on the plate 15
- the connection zones 23 and 24 are arranged at the diametrically opposite locations on the plate 16.
- the connection zones 21 to 24 are arranged in a periphery region of the plates 15. and 16. The resulting arrangement is simple, effective and makes it possible to form an antenna which has optimal electromagnetic dimensions relative to the physical dimensions of the housing 11.
- the coil 17 is preferably placed in the housing so that its longitudinal axis is substantially parallel to the azimuthal magnetic component H ⁇ when said device is worn by a user.
- the two conductive plates are arranged so that they are substantially perpendicular to the radial electrical component E r when said device is worn by the user.
- the portable reception device is well suited to various applications in all frequency bands because the antenna has very little practical limitation of minimum or maximum frequency. Indeed, even under the hypothesis of a reduction in the effect of the human body for the azimuthal magnetic component H ⁇ at low frequency, there is no corresponding frequency limitation for the radial electrical component E r , even at a frequency of 0 Hz.
- the microreceptor 13 receives the messages picked up by the antenna to transform these messages into data perceptible by the user.
- the microreceptor 13 includes an adaptation and tuning circuit 18 which, in known manner, makes it possible to complete the tuning of the resonant circuit which constitutes the antenna 12 and to adjust if necessary the resonance frequency of that -this.
- the antenna 12 Thanks to the high efficiency of the antenna 12 and to the fact that the radial electrical component E r picked up by the antenna 12 is not very sensitive to changes in frequency of the electromagnetic field carrying radio messages, it is easy to adapt the antenna 12 so that 'it works as a broadband antenna in a desired frequency range. To do this, it suffices that the matching and tuning circuit 18 is set so that the narrow band around the resonant frequency of the antenna is set outside of this desired frequency range. Thus, the antenna may have regular behavior as a function of the frequency in this frequency range.
- the antenna can also be used as a resonant antenna by adjusting the matching and tuning circuit 18 so that the resonance frequency of the antenna is brought into the desired frequency range.
- each of the charging circuits Z1 and Z2 can be constituted simply by a conductive element with minimum resistance forming the remaining part of the coil 18, and / or by resistive, capacitive elements and / or inductive, such as, for example, the matching and tuning circuit 18 which constitutes the load circuit Z1 in the antenna 12 shown in FIG. 3.
- Each of the load circuits Z1 and Z2 can even be constituted by a short circuit or an open circuit.
- a current i is induced in the coil 17 by the azimuthal magnetic component H ⁇ (leaving the page in Figure 3) of the electromagnetic field picked up by the coil 12.
- the current i rotates in the direction counterclockwise. This results in a positive induced voltage V H1 through the charge circuit Z1 and a negative induced voltage V H2 through the charge circuit Z2.
- FIG 4 shows an embodiment of the conductive plates 15 and 16 as well as the microreceptor 13 of Figure 3.
- Each of the two plates may have one or more openings, such as the central opening 20.
- the plate 15 is arranged in the upper part of the housing 11 of the portable receiving device 10 while the plate 16, for its part, is arranged in the lower part of the housing 11.
- FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a portable receiving device in the form of a wristwatch 30.
- the latter comprises a dial 40 and a movement 41 housed in a housing 42.
- the antenna arranged in this watch 30 comprises a first conductive plate 31 and a second conductive plate 32.
- the upper plate 31 has the same shape as that shown in FIG. 4 so that it is hidden from view by an annular part 43 of the housing 42.
- the plate 31 shown in FIG. 5 is constituted by a peripheral metallization of the crystal 33 .
- the plate 32 can be a metallic bottom which is entirely metallic or, as shown in FIG. 5, a metallic sheet affixed on a bottom 34 of plastic material.
- the plates 31 and 32 can be mounted in the receiving device 30 according to several variants.
- at least one of the plates could also be deposited on the dial or any other element of the portable reception device 30 or it could even constitute this element itself.
- At least one of the plates could also be embedded in the bottom of the housing 42 or in any other part of the portable receiving device 30.
- the plates 31 and 32 can be produced according to several variants.
- at least one of the plates could be constituted by a metallic deposit, by a conductive element produced separately or by a grid.
- the plates 31 and 32 are supported on a middle part 44 made of insulating material.
- the plates 31 and 32 are connected to the input of the microreceptor 18 which is mounted in the housing 42 between the dial 33 and the bottom 34.
- FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of a second embodiment of a portable reception device in the form of a wristwatch 50.
- the latter comprises the dial 40, the movement 41 and the microreceptor 13, shown in the Figure 5, which are housed in a housing 51.
- the antenna comprises two conductive plates which are not necessarily planar, namely a first conductive plate 52 and a second conductive plate 53 which respectively constitute an upper part and a lower part of the housing 51.
- the plates 52 and 53 are separated by an annular disc 54 made of insulating material.
- This arrangement makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the antenna because the plates 52 and 53 have a maximum surface relative to the dimensions of the portable reception device 50 itself.
- the two plates 52 and 53 constitute parts of the housing 51.
- only one of the plates could be formed by a part of the housing in another embodiment.
Landscapes
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Electric Clocks (AREA)
- Support Of Aerials (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
- Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
- Transceivers (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9605571 | 1996-05-03 | ||
FR9605571A FR2748360B1 (fr) | 1996-05-03 | 1996-05-03 | Dispositif de reception et/ou d'emission de messages radio-diffuses portatif comportant une antenne inductive et capacitive |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0805507A1 true EP0805507A1 (de) | 1997-11-05 |
EP0805507B1 EP0805507B1 (de) | 2002-07-24 |
Family
ID=9491816
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97106490A Expired - Lifetime EP0805507B1 (de) | 1996-05-03 | 1997-04-18 | Empfangs- und/oder Sendeeinrichtung für Funksprüche mit einer induktiven und kapazitiven Antenne |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5907522A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0805507B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH1056312A (de) |
KR (1) | KR970077817A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1108689C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE221261T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU715114B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2203976A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69714132T2 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2748360B1 (de) |
HK (1) | HK1010293A1 (de) |
SG (1) | SG54494A1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW333717B (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6154137A (en) | 1998-06-08 | 2000-11-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Identification tag with enhanced security |
US6232870B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2001-05-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Applications for radio frequency identification systems |
US6335686B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2002-01-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Application for a radio frequency identification system |
US6424262B2 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2002-07-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Applications for radio frequency identification systems |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6356512B1 (en) * | 1998-07-20 | 2002-03-12 | Asulab S.A. | Subassembly combining an antenna and position sensors on a same support, notably for a horological piece |
ATE394753T1 (de) | 1998-08-14 | 2008-05-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Anwendungen für rf-identifizierungssysteme |
US6239715B1 (en) * | 1999-07-21 | 2001-05-29 | Karen L. Belton | Beeper system |
EP1134837A4 (de) * | 1999-09-28 | 2004-12-22 | Seiko Epson Corp | Antennenantodnung für hf-radio,hf-radiogerät und arnbandughr-radiogerät |
JP2001195368A (ja) * | 1999-11-01 | 2001-07-19 | Sony Corp | 認証情報通信システムおよび認証情報通信方法、携帯情報処理装置、並びにプログラム提供媒体 |
JP4388703B2 (ja) * | 2000-01-13 | 2009-12-24 | フォーナック アーゲー | 補聴器遠隔操作装置及びこれを備えた補聴器 |
US8157610B1 (en) | 2000-04-11 | 2012-04-17 | Disney Enterprises, Inc. | Location-sensitive toy and method therefor |
US20040069851A1 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2004-04-15 | Grunes Mitchell B. | Radio frequency identification reader with removable media |
CN100373807C (zh) * | 2004-08-09 | 2008-03-05 | 电子科技大学 | 一种无线通信终端可穿戴式分集天线装置 |
US8073548B2 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2011-12-06 | Sensors For Medicine And Science, Inc. | Wristband or other type of band having an adjustable antenna for use with a sensor reader |
US20090197551A1 (en) * | 2008-02-05 | 2009-08-06 | Paper Radio Llc | Billboard Receiver and Localized Broadcast System |
US20090289855A1 (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-26 | Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab | Methods and Apparatus for Providing an Integrated Inverted Loop Antenna in a Wireless Device |
JP5854856B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-24 | 2016-02-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | プラント運転装置及びプラント運転訓練シミュレータ装置 |
US10015604B2 (en) | 2014-05-05 | 2018-07-03 | Nxp B.V. | Electromagnetic induction field communication |
US9812788B2 (en) | 2014-11-24 | 2017-11-07 | Nxp B.V. | Electromagnetic field induction for inter-body and transverse body communication |
US10014578B2 (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2018-07-03 | Nxp B.V. | Body antenna system |
US10009069B2 (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2018-06-26 | Nxp B.V. | Wireless power delivery and data link |
US9819075B2 (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2017-11-14 | Nxp B.V. | Body communication antenna |
US9819395B2 (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2017-11-14 | Nxp B.V. | Apparatus and method for wireless body communication |
JP6668627B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-16 | 2020-03-18 | カシオ計算機株式会社 | アンテナおよび時計 |
US10623112B2 (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2020-04-14 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Low power magnetic field body area network |
US9819097B2 (en) | 2015-08-26 | 2017-11-14 | Nxp B.V. | Antenna system |
US10320086B2 (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2019-06-11 | Nxp B.V. | Near-field electromagnetic induction (NFEMI) antenna |
CN109390675B (zh) * | 2017-08-03 | 2024-09-13 | 泰科电子(上海)有限公司 | 天线、发射装置、接收装置和无线通信系统 |
JP2019158445A (ja) * | 2018-03-09 | 2019-09-19 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 電子機器 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0312792A1 (de) * | 1987-09-25 | 1989-04-26 | Alcatel Radiotelephone | Antenne für Miniatur-Radioempfänger im Uhrengehäuse |
EP0339482A1 (de) * | 1988-04-26 | 1989-11-02 | Eta SA Fabriques d'Ebauches | Mit einer Antenne versehene Uhr |
GB2276274A (en) * | 1993-03-17 | 1994-09-21 | Seiko Epson Corp | Antenna device |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5450091A (en) * | 1988-08-05 | 1995-09-12 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Variable size antenna device having resonance frequency compensation |
JPH03265305A (ja) * | 1990-03-15 | 1991-11-26 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 複同調アンテナとそのアンテナを有する信号発生器 |
US5317326A (en) * | 1991-06-03 | 1994-05-31 | Motorola, Inc. | Folded dipole antenna |
JPH06112714A (ja) * | 1992-09-30 | 1994-04-22 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | ウオッチ型無線受信機 |
JPH07140270A (ja) * | 1993-11-16 | 1995-06-02 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | ウォッチ型無線受信機 |
DE69520351T2 (de) * | 1995-05-05 | 2001-10-11 | Eta S.A. Fabriques D'ebauches, Grenchen/Granges | Antennenstruktur für eine Uhr |
FR2739200B1 (fr) * | 1995-09-26 | 1997-10-31 | Asulab Sa | Piece d'horlogerie comportant une antenne |
-
1996
- 1996-05-03 FR FR9605571A patent/FR2748360B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-04-11 AU AU17857/97A patent/AU715114B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-04-11 KR KR1019970013345A patent/KR970077817A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1997-04-16 SG SG1997001225A patent/SG54494A1/en unknown
- 1997-04-18 AT AT97106490T patent/ATE221261T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-18 DE DE69714132T patent/DE69714132T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-18 EP EP97106490A patent/EP0805507B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-24 US US08/840,013 patent/US5907522A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-24 TW TW086105349A patent/TW333717B/zh active
- 1997-04-29 CA CA002203976A patent/CA2203976A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-05-04 CN CN97111122A patent/CN1108689C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-05-06 JP JP9130549A patent/JPH1056312A/ja active Pending
-
1998
- 1998-10-09 HK HK98111165A patent/HK1010293A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0312792A1 (de) * | 1987-09-25 | 1989-04-26 | Alcatel Radiotelephone | Antenne für Miniatur-Radioempfänger im Uhrengehäuse |
EP0339482A1 (de) * | 1988-04-26 | 1989-11-02 | Eta SA Fabriques d'Ebauches | Mit einer Antenne versehene Uhr |
GB2276274A (en) * | 1993-03-17 | 1994-09-21 | Seiko Epson Corp | Antenna device |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6154137A (en) | 1998-06-08 | 2000-11-28 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Identification tag with enhanced security |
US6232870B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2001-05-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Applications for radio frequency identification systems |
US6335686B1 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2002-01-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Application for a radio frequency identification system |
US6424262B2 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2002-07-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Applications for radio frequency identification systems |
US7728732B2 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2010-06-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Applications for radio frequency identification systems |
US8502673B2 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2013-08-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Applications for radio frequency identification systems |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0805507B1 (de) | 2002-07-24 |
ATE221261T1 (de) | 2002-08-15 |
AU1785797A (en) | 1997-11-06 |
CN1108689C (zh) | 2003-05-14 |
HK1010293A1 (en) | 1999-06-17 |
FR2748360A1 (fr) | 1997-11-07 |
TW333717B (en) | 1998-06-11 |
KR970077817A (ko) | 1997-12-12 |
CA2203976A1 (en) | 1997-11-03 |
JPH1056312A (ja) | 1998-02-24 |
DE69714132D1 (de) | 2002-08-29 |
DE69714132T2 (de) | 2003-03-27 |
SG54494A1 (en) | 1998-11-16 |
AU715114B2 (en) | 2000-01-20 |
FR2748360B1 (fr) | 1998-06-26 |
US5907522A (en) | 1999-05-25 |
CN1179663A (zh) | 1998-04-22 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
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