Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
  • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
  • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
  • E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
  • E04F13/0832—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
  • E04F13/0833—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable
  • E04F13/0835—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable the fastening elements extending into the back side of the covering elements
  • E04F13/0837—Separate fastening elements without load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements not adjustable the fastening elements extending into the back side of the covering elements extending completely through the covering elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
  • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
  • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
  • E04F13/18—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials or with an outer layer of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials; plastic tiles

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device and a method for covering e.g. Apparatus or structures from e.g. Sheet steel or concrete as a static support by means of large plastic plates.
• the plastic plates are fastened to the substrate by means of metal anchors or dowels, which are pre-assembled in a fixed division on the substrate or placed during plate installation.
• the plastic plates are connected to the subsurface in a material-appropriate manner using these anchors or dowels.
• Plastic sheets in particular made of polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), are suitable due to their special material properties, such as chemical resistance, abrasion resistance, anti-adhesive surface, weldability etc., for linings to protect the static carrier in particularly, but with the restriction that the very high thermal expansion is difficult to control.
• Pre-screwed linings made of plastic sheets, in particular of thermoplastics have in the past regularly failed when they were exposed to larger and / or regular temperature fluctuations. Welding or gluing of the plates to one another exacerbates the frequency of damage. As a result, thermal expansion of the material which is otherwise possible at least at the plate edges in the event of temperature changes is prevented.
• Lining techniques with plastic plates have been developed which avoid the disadvantages described.
• the panels are provided with a large number of plastic anchors distributed on the back of the panels and poured into concrete or mortar as lost formwork. By the Pouring the anchors into concrete or mortar will completely embed them. All anchors therefore bear in equal parts. Linings produced in this way, which are described in EP-A-0 059929, are able to withstand considerable, unevenly distributed and rugged temperature changes as permanent stress.
• the disadvantage is the fact that a solid mortar or concrete support layer must always be used to fasten the panels, which places economic and technical limits on assembly technology. This is particularly the case with the lining of sheet steel apparatus.
• the object of the invention is to provide a device and a method for lining a static carrier with plastic plates on a static carrier, in which a mortar or concrete carrier layer for the lining can be dispensed with and instead Known, inexpensive and simple techniques of fastening by means of preassembled anchors or dowels can be applied without the disadvantages associated therewith being to be feared.
• a corresponding number of anchors are placed on the surfaces of a static support to be provided with a lining (plastic plates).
• a lining plastic plates
• the plastic plates provided for the lining are provided with a perforation corresponding in number and division to the set anchors.
• the diameter of the perforation is kept so large that the plates or the support can still be pushed over or onto the preassembled anchor despite the possible temperature fluctuations during assembly and the associated change in the hole pitch dimensions.
• annular gap remains between the anchor and the hole reveal (inner hole wall) of the hole, the shape of which depends on the plate expansion and which is eccentric to the anchors.
• it is necessary to secure a non-positive connection between the perforations on the one hand and the anchors on the other hand, across the variable annular gaps.
• the problem is solved in that between all anchors and perforations, across the annular gap, a load-bearing material bridge is installed so precisely at the moment of assembly that the forces are uniform over the entire surface of the armature and the perforation Surface pressure can be derived.
• the surface pressures occurring can be calculated and can be limited in advance by constructive measures, for example by increasing the hole reveal, in the permissible height. Static verification of the anchor construction with special consideration of the material-specific properties of plastics is possible. In addition, special measures can be used in the plates to reduce the forced stresses resulting from suppressed thermal expansion. For assembly-technical reasons, a large number of anchors are generally preassembled on the static support, whereupon the predrilled lining plates are pushed over the anchors for fastening and fastened using the techniques according to the invention. However, the same fastening techniques can also be used when drilling the lining plate and concrete as a static beam.
• a particular advantage of the device according to the invention lies in its easy disassembly and thus repairability.
• the invention is particularly suitable for the liquid-tight lining of containers or channels.
• a lining plate 2 facing the stress side which is provided with a multiplicity of bores 28, is screwed onto the carrier 1 to be clad with screw connections consisting of anchors 3, nuts 13 and clamping disks 4.
• the anchors 3 are usually welding bolts, in the case of concrete they are dowels, both of which are made using known technology.
• the lining plate 2 made of plastic cannot simply be fixed to the support 1 by unscrewing it, since the special properties of plastics, in particular the thermoplastics mainly used, namely low surface strength and partially waxy surface, do not enable sufficient static friction to suppress thermal expansion. This is an essential difference to steel parts. If the screw connection is correct, the forces must be transferred there by static friction.
• a plastically processable putty or flowable injection mortar can be used as material 5, which is injected through an opening 23 present in the clamping disc 4.
• the annular space can also be filled by puttying a putty 5 before the screw connection, the putty hardens so quickly that changes in the ambient temperature cannot have an effect on the positional change in the annular gap due to expansion.
• the perforation reveal pressure to be expected from the expansions in the lining plate will exceed the permissible material values.
• the lining plate 2 then has to be reinforced in the area of the perforation 8 by welding or gluing of reinforcing rings 7 in the factory, or the plates are provided with reinforcing rosettes in one production step.
• the required number of anchors can be minimized by correctly designing the anchor and hole reveal dimensions.
• the joint seam 12, with which the reinforcement ring 7 is applied to the lining plate 2 should be produced over the entire surface by heating element or rotary or friction welding or by full-surface gluing.
• a further possibility of the required positive connection between the plastic plate 2 and the armature 3 is that the clamping disc 4 is equipped with a deep profile 14, which is caused by the contact pressure of the nut 13 or by special Measures such as heat, ultrasound or milling are sunk into the surface of the lining plate 2 at the time of mounting each individual anchor.
• a cover cap 15 is placed on the lining plate 2 via a weld seam or adhesive seam 16 or by means of a seal.
• the static support 1 can be protected against possible atmospheric moisture by a paint 19. Due to the reinforcement ring 7 or a spacer ring placed for this purpose, a gap 18 is created between the static support 1 and the lining plate 2, which serves as thermal insulation or as a monitoring space and the position of which can be stabilized by spacers 20.
• the lining plate 2 can be preformed between the anchors 3 with slightly bowl-shaped depressions 29 .
• the reinforcement rings 7 can also be on the other side of the lining arrange the plate, i.e. facing the load side, otherwise the same design.
• lining plates 2 with or without reinforcement ring (s) 7 are screwed into place in welded nuts 21 by means of screws 22 which are countersunk.
• screws 22 which are countersunk.
• dowels can be placed in the concrete instead of nuts.
• the annular spaces are in turn pressed with putty 5 via the filling openings 23 provided in the screws 22.
• the lining is closed in the area of the screws 22 towards the stress side with welded or glued covering caps 15 over the joint 16.
• a bore which tapers conically towards the loading side is shown. This facilitates the replacement of lining plates in the event of a repair, since lining plate 2 can be easily removed after loosening the screws 22.
• the reinforcing rings 7 can be dispensed with.
• reinforcement rings can be arranged on the other side of the plate, with otherwise the same design.
• the lining plates 2 are fastened to the static support 1 by means of anchors 3.
• the anchors 3 reach into an opening in the reinforcing rings 7 welded, glued or otherwise molded onto the lining plate 2.
• Both the surface 10 the anchor 3 and the perforations 8 are profiled in such a way that the putty 5 injected through openings 26 causes mutual anchoring. This profiling is necessary in particular in the case of thermoplastics such as the polyolefins for power transmission, since no adhesive contacts are possible on their surface.
• the filler openings 26 are then closed by welding or adhesive plugs. This results in a smooth, dense lining surface on the load side.
• the lining plates 2 are fastened from the inside via anchors 3 to a sheet metal jacket 1 serving as a static support.
• the anchors 3 are preassembled from the outside in a fixed division through the bores 28 of the sheet metal jacket 1 as a screw insert.
• the lining plate 2 is pushed onto the armature 3 with its reinforcement rings 7, which are attached in the same pitch.
• the predetermined annular gap between the armature 3 and the reinforcement ring 7 permits tolerances due to thermal expansion in the division between the armature 3 and the reinforcement ring 7 during assembly.
• the annular gap is filled with a material 5 to produce a direct material bridge between the armature 3 and the hole reveal 8 of the reinforcing ring 7, as described under FIG. 4.
• the force transmission in the axial direction of the armature is effected by its profiling 10 and the profiling 10 of the hole reveal via the material filling 5.
• the anchor 3 can be unscrewed from the outside of the static support 1 and the material 5 in a simple manner.
• part 27 of the armature 3 could also be designed in the form of a single or double tube and pushed over the reinforcing ring 7.
• the prepared lining plate is inserted with the anchors 3 into bores 24 of the static support 1 in such a way that one end of the anchors 3 protrudes and is screwed in this position by nut 13 via the clamping disks 4.
• the lining plates 2 are attached to the static support 1 by means of prefabricated retaining rings 6, which are pressed onto the anchors 3 or screwed on via a thread 11. So that the retaining rings 6 can be used with an exact fit at each of the fastening points, despite the eccentricity and dimensional accuracy of the annular gaps 9 to be expected during assembly, that a full-surface frictional connection is achieved at the perforations 8, the annular gap 9 is directly before assembly of the corresponding retaining ring with a cutting tool 25. The retaining ring 6 is then inserted immediately. The diameter of the milling cutter or drill 25 must correspond to the maximum precalculated eccentricity of the perforations 8.
• the lining is covered by welding or gluing on cover caps 15 with welding or adhesive seam 16.
• the shape of the perforations 8 can be conical or in some other way such that when the spacer rings 6 are inserted, the lining plate 2 is screwed to the static support 1.
• bores 24 are made in the static support 1.
• the anchors 3 are inserted into the bores 28 of the cladding panels 2 so precisely that a fit and thus a non-positive connection takes place in the hole reveal 8. Some of the anchors extend into the bores 24.
• the annular gaps 9 between the bores 24 and the anchors 3 are filled with material 5 via filler openings 23 which lead through the anchors 3. After the material fillings 5 have solidified immediately, there is a frictional connection between the anchor 3, the lining plate 2 and the static support 1.
• the anchor surface 10 of the anchors extending into the bore 24 can be provided with a thread-like profile.
• the anchor 3 can later be unscrewed from the material 5 in the event of a repair, which facilitates disassembly. If the cover cap 15 fits snugly on the armature 3, additional forces are dissipated via the hole reveal in the cover cap.
• the covering caps 15 are pushed over the anchors 3 with a precisely fitting fit in the perforations 8 and cover the bores 28 in the lining plates 2.
• the covering caps are connected to the lining plate 2 via the joining seam 16 and thus serve as a material bridge.
• the snug fit in the hole reveal 8 also serves to guide the cover cap 15 during the welding process.
• the mating surface in the hole reveal 8 can be profiled in such a way that there is a connection between the armature 3 and the cover cap 15 via the profiling by melting or gluing during the joining process.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Connection Of Plates (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
• Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=6509196

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Families Citing this family (4)

Family Cites Families (11)

• 1994
  • 1994-02-01 DE DE4403014A patent/DE4403014A1/de not_active Ceased
• 1995
  • 1995-02-01 ES ES95908246T patent/ES2139884T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-02-01 WO PCT/EP1995/000362 patent/WO1995021305A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1995-02-01 EP EP95908246A patent/EP0804661B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-02-01 AU AU16638/95A patent/AU1663895A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-02-01 DE DE59507496T patent/DE59507496D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1995-02-01 AT AT95908246T patent/ATE188004T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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