EP0798431B1 - Element made of waste and its use - Google Patents
Element made of waste and its use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0798431B1 EP0798431B1 EP97104041A EP97104041A EP0798431B1 EP 0798431 B1 EP0798431 B1 EP 0798431B1 EP 97104041 A EP97104041 A EP 97104041A EP 97104041 A EP97104041 A EP 97104041A EP 0798431 B1 EP0798431 B1 EP 0798431B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- molded article
- article according
- residual materials
- grain size
- materials
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
- E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
- E04G9/05—Forming boards or similar elements the form surface being of plastics
Definitions
- the invention relates to moldings from residues and their use as formwork panels for hydraulic Binder and as an insulation board.
- formwork In construction engineering, formwork is used to hold concrete or other hardening building materials until they have hardened and then removed.
- Formwork panels for concrete formwork generally consist of glued plywood. They are mounted in steel frames and used up to 40 times. After use, the concrete must come off the slab perfectly, which is usually done by using formwork oils. The concrete compressive strength of the slab should be approximately 80 kN / m 2 .
- the plate must show only a slight swelling compared to water, ie the water absorption must be low.
- the formwork panel must also be nailable and manageable with the usual lifting equipment and must have a very fine, smooth surface for exposed concrete. Formwork panels that are no longer usable are currently being incinerated at high costs.
- JP 6-254824 describes a process in which waste is made carriers soaked in thermosetting resin hardened condition to 5 to 20 mm pieces crushed, boiled with melamine resin and then for Plate to be pressed. These formwork panels are for equipped for single use and should therefore be used after Hardening of the hydraulic building materials in the ground remain.
- the invention is therefore based on the object Shaped body for use as formwork or thermal insulation board for multiple uses while avoiding the previously to provide mentioned disadvantages.
- Carriers such as paper and tissue made from natural and synthetic fibers with thermosetting resins soaked and cured by pressure and heat in the Condition to be transferred, used.
- these materials fall processing dusts, Sawing and trimming waste and unusable Objects such as plates, pipes, rods and pressed Molded parts and are crushed if necessary.
- thermosetting resins As thermosetting resins according to the invention Polyester resins, melamine resins, phenolic resins such as novolaks and resols, silicone resins, epoxy resins and their compatible mixtures used.
- crushed, soaked, not cured materials for the actual Usage are useless, the amount of required binder in the moldings reduced.
- The has the advantage that the manufacturing costs are reduced be and another waste of reuse is fed.
- crushed, soaked For example, materials can range from 2 to Have 40 mm.
- the Structure loosening and density reducing Additives are added.
- the structure of the Molded material loosening include through Heat treatment of expandable microspheres, hollow microspheres other type, fly ash, thermoplastic powder, Hollow glass balls and cellulose-based materials.
- additives before printing and Heat treatment the mixture preferably in an amount from 3 to 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the Shaped body, added.
- additives are preferably metal soaps, such as alkaline earth stearates or Zinc stearate.
- the molding according to the invention contains the molding according to the invention residues with a Glass transition temperature (Tg) of> 130 ° C.
- the moldings according to the invention can one or a top layer of impregnated carrier materials on both sides exhibit. These are materials made of glass, carbon, Plastic or pulp impregnated with resins, are applied to the moldings according to the invention.
- the starting materials mixed homogeneously and at Temperatures above 150 ° C, preferably at 165 to 185 ° C pressed in suitable tools.
- suitable tools Preferably done pressing in high-pressure presses (stack presses) a specific pressure of 10 to 60 bar.
- Suitable Tools are also simple shapes that consist of two sheets exist with or without spacers.
- the used molded article produced according to the invention can be recycled 100% become.
- the moldings according to the invention are also resistant to prolonged use in water and in frost. You own the required strength properties and are nailable. Their property profile is such that they replace wooden formwork panels and thus the Can limit wood consumption. Unlike when used there is no need for wooden panels for formwork purposes according to the invention the use of a formwork oil with which Wooden formwork panels are treated before they are used had to.
- the following table shows the properties of a molded body according to the invention for use as a formwork panel for hydraulic binders in comparison to a wooden formwork panel and the embodiment according to JP 6-254824.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Formkörper aus Reststoffen sowie deren Verwendung als Schalplatte für hydraulische Bindemittel und als Dämmplatte.The invention relates to moldings from residues and their use as formwork panels for hydraulic Binder and as an insulation board.
In der Bautechnik werden Schalungen zur Aufnahme von Beton oder anderen erhärtenden Baustoffen bis zu deren Erhärtung eingesetzt und anschließend entfernt. Schalplatten für Betonschalungen bestehen im allgemeinen aus verleimtem Schichtholz. Sie werden in Stahlrahmen montiert und bis zu 40 mal eingesetzt. Nach dem Einsatz muß sich der Beton einwandfrei von der Platte lösen, was üblicherweise durch den Einsatz von Schalölen geschieht. Die Betondruckfestigkeit der Platte sollte etwa 80 kN/m2 betragen. Gegenüber Wasser darf die Platte nur eine geringe Quellung aufweisen, d.h. die Wasseraufnahme muß niedrig sein. Die Schalplatte muß ferner nagelbar und mit den üblichen Hebezeugen handhabbar sein und muß für Sichtbeton eine sehr feine, glatte Oberfläche aufweisen. Nicht mehr verwendbare Schalplatten werden derzeit einer mit hohen Kosten verbundenen Verbrennung zugeführt.In construction engineering, formwork is used to hold concrete or other hardening building materials until they have hardened and then removed. Formwork panels for concrete formwork generally consist of glued plywood. They are mounted in steel frames and used up to 40 times. After use, the concrete must come off the slab perfectly, which is usually done by using formwork oils. The concrete compressive strength of the slab should be approximately 80 kN / m 2 . The plate must show only a slight swelling compared to water, ie the water absorption must be low. The formwork panel must also be nailable and manageable with the usual lifting equipment and must have a very fine, smooth surface for exposed concrete. Formwork panels that are no longer usable are currently being incinerated at high costs.
Nach längerem Gebrauch der Schalplatte in Wasser und bei Frost treten durch das eingedrungene Wasser Frostaufbrüche auf, die zu einer frühen Unbrauchbarkeit der Platte führen. After prolonged use of the formwork sheet in water and at Frost enter through the water Frostbursts leading to early unusability of the plate.
Es hat verschiedene Versuche gegeben, diese Nachteile der Holzplatte zu überwinden. So schlägt die EP 146 844 A 1 den Einsatz von thermoplastischen Materialien vor. Die daraus hergestellten Platten erwiesen sich jedoch als zu biegeweich und sind daher nicht oder nur eingeschränkt nutzbar.There have been various attempts to address these drawbacks Overcome wooden panel. This is how EP 146 844 A1 proposes the use of thermoplastic materials. The however, plates made from it proved to be too flexible and are therefore not or only to a limited extent usable.
JP 6-254824 beschreibt ein Verfahren, in dem Abfälle aus mit duroplastischem Harz getränkten Trägerstoffen in ausgehärtetem Zustand zu 5 bis 20 mm großen Stücken zerkleinert, mit Melaminharz gekocht und anschließend zur Platte verpreßt werden. Diese Schaltafeln sind zum einmaligen Gebrauch ausgerüstet und sollen somit nach dem Aushärten der hydraulischen Baustoffe im Erdreich verbleiben.JP 6-254824 describes a process in which waste is made carriers soaked in thermosetting resin hardened condition to 5 to 20 mm pieces crushed, boiled with melamine resin and then for Plate to be pressed. These formwork panels are for equipped for single use and should therefore be used after Hardening of the hydraulic building materials in the ground remain.
Da diese Platten wegen ihrer grobstückigen Zusammensetzung keine glatten Oberflächen liefern sind sie für den Sichtbereich ungeeignet. Die grobstückig strukturierte Oberfläche führt zu einer schlechten Lösbarkeit des Betons von der Plattenoberfläche. Die grobe Struktur weist ferner eine zu hohe Wasseraufnahme auf, so daß der Einsatz der Platte bei niedrigen Temperaturen nicht möglich ist. Wegen ihrer Sprödigkeit durch Verwendung von Melaminharz und ihrer Grobstückigkeit ist eine solche Platte darüber hinaus nicht nagelbar. Wegen des Gehalts an toxischem Kupfer würden Schalplatten dieser Art nach den gängigen Bestimmungen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland nicht als deponierfähig angesehen. Diese Platte wird durch Kochen der Reststoffe mit flüssigem Bindemittel und anschließendem Verpressen erzeugt. Die Handhabbarkeit solcher klebriger Massen ist aufwendig in Transport und Dosierung und macht eine kostengünstige Herstellung schwierig. Because these plates because of their large pieces Composition are not deliver smooth surfaces unsuitable for the field of vision. The coarse structured surface leads to a bad Detachability of the concrete from the slab surface. The coarse structure also shows too high water absorption on so that the use of the plate at low Temperatures is not possible. Because of their brittleness by using melamine resin and its Such a plate is also coarse not nailable. Because of the toxic copper content would formwork panels of this type according to the usual Provisions in the Federal Republic of Germany not as viewed as capable of being deposited. This plate is made by cooking the residues with liquid binder and subsequent pressing generated. The manageability such sticky masses is expensive to transport and Dosage and makes an inexpensive manufacture difficult.
Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, Formkörper zur Verwendung als Schal- oder Wärmedämmplatte für den mehrmaligen Gebrauch unter Vermeidung der zuvor genannten Nachteile bereit zu stellen.The invention is therefore based on the object Shaped body for use as formwork or thermal insulation board for multiple uses while avoiding the previously to provide mentioned disadvantages.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch einen Formkörper, der
Erfindungsgemäß können als Ausgangsmaterialien Trägerstoffe wie Papier und Gewebe aus natürlichen und synthetischen Fasern, die mit duroplastischen Harzen getränkt und durch Druck und Hitze in den ausgehärteten Zustand überführt werden, eingesetzt werden. Bei der Bearbeitung dieser Materialien fallen Bearbeitungsstäube, Säge- und Besäumabfälle und unbrauchbare Gegenstände wie Platten, Rohre, Stäbe und gepreßte Formteile an und werden gegebenenfalls zerkleinert.According to the invention, as starting materials Carriers such as paper and tissue made from natural and synthetic fibers with thermosetting resins soaked and cured by pressure and heat in the Condition to be transferred, used. In the Processing these materials fall processing dusts, Sawing and trimming waste and unusable Objects such as plates, pipes, rods and pressed Molded parts and are crushed if necessary.
Als duroplastische Harze werden erfindungsgemäß Polyesterharze, Melaminharze, Phenolharze wie Novolake und Resole, Silikonharze, Epoxidharze und deren verträgliche Gemische verwendet. As thermosetting resins according to the invention Polyester resins, melamine resins, phenolic resins such as novolaks and resols, silicone resins, epoxy resins and their compatible mixtures used.
Durch den Einsatz zerkleinerter, getränkter, nicht ausgehärteter Materialien, die für den eigentlichen Verwendungszweck unbrauchbar sind, wird die Menge an benötigtem Bindemittel in den Formkörpern verringert. Das hat den Vorteil, daß die Herstellungskosten gesenkt werden und ein weiterer Abfallstoff der Wiederverwendung zugeführt wird. Diese zerkleinerten, getränkten Materialien können beispielsweise eine Länge von 2 bis 40 mm aufweisen.By using crushed, soaked, not cured materials for the actual Usage are useless, the amount of required binder in the moldings reduced. The has the advantage that the manufacturing costs are reduced be and another waste of reuse is fed. These crushed, soaked For example, materials can range from 2 to Have 40 mm.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform können die Struktur auflockernde und die Dichte reduzierende Zusatzstoffe zugesetzt werden. Die Struktur des Formkörpers auflockernde Materialien umfassen durch Wärmebehandlung blähbare Mikrokugeln, Mikrohohlkugeln anderer Art, Flugasche, thermoplastische Pulver, Hohlglaskugeln und Materialien auf Cellulosebasis.According to a preferred embodiment, the Structure loosening and density reducing Additives are added. The structure of the Molded material loosening include through Heat treatment of expandable microspheres, hollow microspheres other type, fly ash, thermoplastic powder, Hollow glass balls and cellulose-based materials.
Durch den Einsatz dieser Dichte verringernden Füllstoffe werden Plattengewichte erreicht, die den Einsatz üblicher Hebezeuge ermöglichen. Der Einsatz der nicht ausgehärteten getränkten Materialien ermöglicht eine Druckfestigkeit der Formkörper, wie sie von Holzplatten bekannt ist.By using this density reducing fillers plate weights are achieved which are more common Enable hoists. The use of not cured soaked materials enables a Compressive strength of the moldings, such as that of wooden panels is known.
Zur Förderung der Trennbarkeit der Formkörper von Beton werden vorzugsweise Zusatzstoffe vor der Druck- und Wärmebehandlung dem Gemisch vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 3 bis 8 Gew.%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Formkörpers, zugesetzt. Solche Zusatzstoffe sind vorzugsweise Metallseifen, wie Erdalkalistearate oder Zinkstearat.To promote the separability of the moldings from concrete are preferably additives before printing and Heat treatment the mixture preferably in an amount from 3 to 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the Shaped body, added. Such additives are preferably metal soaps, such as alkaline earth stearates or Zinc stearate.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält der erfindungsgemäße Formkörper Reststoffe mit einer Glasumwandlungstemperatur (Tg) von >130°C. According to a further preferred embodiment, contains the molding according to the invention residues with a Glass transition temperature (Tg) of> 130 ° C.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper können ein- oder beidseitig eine Decklage aus getränkten Trägermaterialien aufweisen. Dies sind Materialien aus Glas, Kohlenstoff, Kunststoff oder Zellstoff, die mit Harzen imprägniert, auf die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper aufgebracht sind. Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper werden die Ausgangsmaterialien homogen vermischt und bei Temperaturen über 150°C, vorzugsweise bei 165 bis 185°C in geeigneten Werkzeugen verpreßt. Vorzugsweise erfolgt das Verpressen in Hochdruckpressen (Etagenpressen) bei einem spezifischen Druck von 10 bis 60 bar. Geeignete Werkzeuge sind auch Einfachformen, die aus zwei Blechen mit oder ohne Distanzhaltern bestehen.The moldings according to the invention can one or a top layer of impregnated carrier materials on both sides exhibit. These are materials made of glass, carbon, Plastic or pulp impregnated with resins, are applied to the moldings according to the invention. To produce the moldings according to the invention the starting materials mixed homogeneously and at Temperatures above 150 ° C, preferably at 165 to 185 ° C pressed in suitable tools. Preferably done pressing in high-pressure presses (stack presses) a specific pressure of 10 to 60 bar. Suitable Tools are also simple shapes that consist of two sheets exist with or without spacers.
Der erfindungsgemäß hergestellte, verbrauchte Formkörper kann dem Recyclingprozeß zu 100 % wieder zugeführt werden.The used molded article produced according to the invention can be recycled 100% become.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Formkörper sind beständig auch bei längerem Gebrauch in Wasser und bei Frost. Sie besitzen die geforderten Festigkeitseigenschaften und sind nagelbar. Ihr Eigenschaftsbild ist derartig, daß sie hölzerne Schalplatten ersetzen und somit den Holzverbrauch einschränken können. Anders als bei Einsatz von Holzplatten für Schalungszwecke erübrigt sich erfindungsgemäß der Einsatz eines Schalöls, mit dem Holzschalplatten vor deren Einsatz behandelt werden mußten.The moldings according to the invention are also resistant to prolonged use in water and in frost. You own the required strength properties and are nailable. Their property profile is such that they replace wooden formwork panels and thus the Can limit wood consumption. Unlike when used there is no need for wooden panels for formwork purposes according to the invention the use of a formwork oil with which Wooden formwork panels are treated before they are used had to.
Überraschend wurde festgestellt, daß, obwohl geringe Quellung und gute Nagelbarkeit einander widersprechende Eigenschaften sind, bei der erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzung die Nagelbarkeit bei geringer Quellung möglich ist. Durch die glatte Oberfläche der Formköprer ist deren Einsatz auch für Sichtbeton geeignet. It was surprisingly found that, although minor Swelling and good nailability are contradictory Properties are in the case of the invention Composition the nailability with little swelling is possible. Due to the smooth surface of the molded body their use is also suitable for exposed concrete.
Die nachfolgende Tabelle zeigt die Eigenschaften eines
erfindungsgemäßen Formkörpers zur Verwendung als
Schalplatte für hydraulische Bindemittel im Vergleich zu
einer Holzschalplatte und der Ausführungsform nach
JP 6-254824.
Claims (9)
- Molded article, containingwherein 15 to 30 % w/w of the residual materials exhibit a grain size of ≤ 0.5 mm, and 20 to 40 %w/w of the residual materials exhibit a grain size of 0.5 to 4 mm.a) residual materials from the machining of carrier materials saturated with duroplastic resins and hardened,b) up to 15 % w/w based on the entire weight of the molded article of the duroplastic resins and hardeners andc) 10 to 35 % w/w based on the entire weight of the molded article of frazzled, unhardened, saturated materials,
- Molded article according to claim 1, characterized in that 20 to 30 % w/w of the residual materials exhibit a grain size of 0.2 to 0.5 mm.
- Molded article according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the molded article contains density-reducing fillers.
- Molded article according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains additives such as metal soaps.
- Molded article according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the residual materials exhibit a glass temperature exceeding 130 °C.
- Molded article according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that a cover layer composed of saturated carrier material is applied on one or both sides.
- Use of a molded article according to one of claims 1 to 4 as a shuttering panel for hydraulic binders.
- Use of a molded article according to claim 5 as an insulating board.
- Process for manufacturing a molded article according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in thatwherein 15 to 30 % w/w of the residual materials exhibit a grain size of ≤ 0.5 mm and 20 to 40 % w/w of the residual materials exhibit a grain size of 0.5 to 4 mm, are homogeneously blended and press-molded and hardened under a pressure of 10 to 60 bar at a temperature exceeding 150 °C.a) residual materials from the machining of carrier materials saturated with duroplastic resins and hardened,b) up to 15 % w/w based on the entire weight of the molded article of duroplastic resins and hardeners, andc) 10 to 35 % w/w based on the entire weight of the molded article, of frazzled, unhardened, saturated materials,
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19612558A DE19612558A1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-03-29 | Shaped bodies from residues and their use |
| DE19612558 | 1996-03-29 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0798431A1 EP0798431A1 (en) | 1997-10-01 |
| EP0798431B1 true EP0798431B1 (en) | 2000-11-15 |
Family
ID=7789863
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP97104041A Expired - Lifetime EP0798431B1 (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-03-11 | Element made of waste and its use |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0798431B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE197622T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19612558A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004070139A1 (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2004-08-19 | Sanchez Renasco Jesus | Piece of formwork for production of cornices and similar |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH672650A5 (en) * | 1986-03-05 | 1989-12-15 | Rolf Zollinger | |
| DE3825900A1 (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1990-02-01 | Werner Fehr | CONTROL PANEL WITH A PLASTIC SHEET AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| DE4221070A1 (en) * | 1991-09-19 | 1993-12-23 | Hubertus Schmid | Recycling of waste plastics - to make boards, insulating materials, doors, etc. |
| DE4229711A1 (en) * | 1992-09-05 | 1994-03-10 | Huels Troisdorf | Phenolic resin laminates with good cutting and embossing properties - by impregnating paper etc. with phenolic resin soln. contg. recycled or scrap polyvinyl-butyral, then drying and hot-pressing as usual |
| NL9300919A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1994-12-16 | Terra Ijssel Bv | Method for processing waste materials. |
| DE9308597U1 (en) * | 1993-06-09 | 1993-08-19 | Kreyenberg, Heinrich, Dipl.-Ing. Dr., 40885 Ratingen | Formwork panel |
| DE9407005U1 (en) * | 1994-04-27 | 1994-07-07 | RÜTGERS Automotive AG, 45356 Essen | Mass for the production of thermoset molded articles |
-
1996
- 1996-03-29 DE DE19612558A patent/DE19612558A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1997
- 1997-03-11 AT AT97104041T patent/ATE197622T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-03-11 DE DE59702623T patent/DE59702623D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-03-11 EP EP97104041A patent/EP0798431B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004070139A1 (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2004-08-19 | Sanchez Renasco Jesus | Piece of formwork for production of cornices and similar |
| ES2222078A1 (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2005-01-16 | Jose Maria Sanchez Reñasco | Piece of formwork for production of cornices and similar |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59702623D1 (en) | 2000-12-21 |
| ATE197622T1 (en) | 2000-12-15 |
| EP0798431A1 (en) | 1997-10-01 |
| DE19612558A1 (en) | 1997-10-02 |
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