EP0789193A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour supprimer des vibrations par flamme et par pression dans un four - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour supprimer des vibrations par flamme et par pression dans un four Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0789193A2
EP0789193A2 EP97100753A EP97100753A EP0789193A2 EP 0789193 A2 EP0789193 A2 EP 0789193A2 EP 97100753 A EP97100753 A EP 97100753A EP 97100753 A EP97100753 A EP 97100753A EP 0789193 A2 EP0789193 A2 EP 0789193A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flame
gas
vortex
combustion chamber
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97100753A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0789193A3 (fr
EP0789193B1 (fr
Inventor
Horst Dr.-Ing. Büchner
Wolfgang Prof. Dr.-Ing. Leuckel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DVGW Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches eV
Deutscher Verein des Gas und Wasserfaches eV Technisch Wissenschaftlicher Verein
Original Assignee
DVGW Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches eV
Deutscher Verein des Gas und Wasserfaches eV Technisch Wissenschaftlicher Verein
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE1996104385 external-priority patent/DE19604385A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19604384A external-priority patent/DE19604384A1/de
Application filed by DVGW Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches eV, Deutscher Verein des Gas und Wasserfaches eV Technisch Wissenschaftlicher Verein filed Critical DVGW Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches eV
Publication of EP0789193A2 publication Critical patent/EP0789193A2/fr
Publication of EP0789193A3 publication Critical patent/EP0789193A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0789193B1 publication Critical patent/EP0789193B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/002—Supplying water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2203/00—Flame cooling methods otherwise than by staging or recirculation
    • F23C2203/30—Injection of tempering fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2206/00—Burners for specific applications
    • F23D2206/10—Turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2210/00—Noise abatement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for suppressing flame / pressure vibrations in a furnace which has a burner with which a flame is generated and a combustion chamber into which the flame is directed, and a corresponding device for implementing the method.
  • unstable operating states occur under certain conditions, which are determined by the firing operating parameters such as thermal output and air ratio, and which are characterized by changes in the flame over time , which go hand in hand with changes in particular the static pressure in the combustion chamber and in this upstream or downstream system parts.
  • the occurrence of these combustion instabilities often causes a change in behavior compared to the stationary operation of the system and, in addition to increased noise pollution, also causes increased mechanical and / or thermal stress on the combustion chamber or the combustion chamber lining.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method with which such flame / pressure vibrations with intolerable pressure amplitudes can be prevented.
  • combustion chamber is supplied with a fluid which strikes the flame in the region of annular vortices which form on the outside of the flame in such a way that the fluid is included in the vortices when they are formed.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the vibrations are essentially caused by ring vortices forming in the edge region of the flame or the burner flow containing fuel and air, or are energetically maintained and amplified.
  • These ring vortices which are created by rolling up the edge regions of the fuel-containing burner flow, include hot flue gases during their formation, which cause the fuel / air mixture contained in the ring vortex to heat up quickly, which leads to an impulsive, pressure-vibration-stimulating reaction of the fuel. It is an essential aspect that the temperature increase due to the hot flue gases in the vortex causes a considerable expansion of the ignitability range of the fuel-containing mixture enclosed in the vortex.
  • the method according to the present invention takes an effective way to lower the temperature of the mixture contained in the ring vortices and thus not at a reduced temperature level to produce more ignitable and reactive mixture in the vertebrae.
  • the fluid is a gas
  • this is presented in a region from which it is included in the vortex during the formation of vortices, i.e. when the edge regions of the fuel / air-containing burner flow are rolled up, and thus the temperature of the The mixture contained in the ring vortex is reduced, since a comparatively cold medium is now included in the vortex formation instead of hot flue gases.
  • This cooling has the effect that the fuel-containing mixture enclosed in the ring vortex is now outside the ignition limits normally present in connection with hot flue gases, that is to say it is no longer reactive or ignitable.
  • the fluid is an evaporable liquid which is injected into the combustion chamber, so that it and / or its gaseous vapor enters from the outside into the ring vortices which form on the outside of the flame.
  • the liquid is injected, for example, so that it reaches the vortex directly. There it then evaporates, the heat of vaporization required for this being removed from the mixture in the vortex. This leads to a corresponding cooling of this fuel-containing mixture enclosed in the ring vortex, which is then at the lower temperature level now present in the ring vortexes outside the ignition limits prevailing there, that is to say it is no longer reactive or ignitable.
  • the liquid is advantageously water or an aqueous solution, which is summarized in the context of this application under the term "water”.
  • the lowering of the mixture temperature can also be achieved by the liquid being a liquid fuel (for example heating oil, gasoline, etc.), in which case the fuel concentration in the case of the lowering of the temperature in the ring vortices in the Ignition "too rich" area shifts.
  • a liquid fuel for example heating oil, gasoline, etc.
  • the supply of fluid is preferably carried out continuously in order to provide a sufficient amount of gas or liquid or steam at any time for inclusion in an annular vortex which is formed in the combustion chamber.
  • the lowering of the mixture temperature can also be achieved by the cold gas supplied as a fluid being a sufficiently fuel-containing medium or pure fuel gas (for example methane or natural gas), in which case the fuel concentration is the temperature decrease in the ring vortices moves into the "too rich" area for an ignition.
  • a sufficiently fuel-containing medium or pure fuel gas for example methane or natural gas
  • the gas is preferably not fuel-containing, that is to say the fuel contained in the ring vortex is diluted and the fuel concentration is shifted to the "too lean" area outside the ignition limits without the temperature increase in the vortex which is otherwise associated with the inclusion of flue gas.
  • the non-fuel-containing gas is preferably air, which is available in sufficient quantities everywhere.
  • the air is particularly at ambient temperature, but it is generally sufficient if it can be regarded as "cold" in relation to the hot flue gases. It is also conceivable to use an inert gas instead of air, but this would have a certain cost disadvantage.
  • the gas is supplied evenly distributed over the circumference of the flame, in particular in a flow that runs essentially tangentially into the vortex, thereby ensuring that the gas enters the vortex.
  • Liquid as fluid is also injected into the combustion chamber, evenly distributed over the circumference of the flame. It is advantageous to atomize the liquid in the course of this injection, since the liquid thus has the largest possible surface area, which is conducive to its rapid and complete evaporation.
  • a known furnace with a burner and a combustion chamber is either developed in such a way that it has gas outlet openings for gas supply for the purpose of carrying out the method described hitherto, that is to say the gas supplies are arranged such that the gas flowing out of them is in the region of formation the ring vortex d. H. is included over its entire circumference by rolling up the outer regions of the burner flow.
  • a known furnace with a burner and a combustion chamber is developed in such a way that it has at least one outlet opening for vaporizable liquid, so that in the area of vortex formation when the outer regions of the burner flow are rolled up, an inclusion of already evaporated or still within the entire vortex circumference is sufficient the vortex of liquid to be evaporated is guaranteed.
  • the furnace for a gas to be supplied is preferably designed with a gas outlet opening in the form of a gap or a gap nozzle which surrounds the actual burner flow, as a result of which correspondingly cool gas is drawn into the vortex from the gas jacket at the location of the ring vortex which forms becomes.
  • this also means that the outflow of the additional gas can take place both parallel to the burner or flame axis and at any angle to this axis, as long as it is ensured that the introduction of the gas into the vortex is ensured.
  • the amount of the speed at which the gas exits the gas outlet openings, as well as the orientation of its speed vector is arbitrary within wide limits.
  • a large number of individual, small gas outlet openings can be provided, which are arranged in a ring around the burner flow or the flame, the distance between individual gas outlet openings being so small that an adequate supply of the cooling and diluting gas is guaranteed over the entire circumference of the flame at the location of the vortex roll.
  • the outlet openings for injection are designed as jet or atomizing nozzles that are closely spaced over the circumference, so that the liquid jets or droplet clouds generated or the vapor clouds present after evaporation of the liquid are the burner flow or the flame enclose as completely as possible at the point of the roll of the vertebrae.
  • the vaporizable liquid can also be injected both parallel to the burner or flame axis and at any angle thereto.
  • Figure 1 is a section through a furnace, in which a burner 1 generates a flame 2, which is directed into a combustion chamber 3.
  • a combustible gas / air mixture 5 is fed to the burner 1 via a pipe 4, which is ignited downstream of the burner provided with a swirl cupboard (not shown) and forms the flame 2 extending along a central axis 6.
  • the outer regions of the flame 2 periodically roll up into toroidal ring vortices 7, a convergent gap 8 forming between the ring vortex 7 and the flame 2, through which the vortex sucks in gas around it .
  • the annular vortex 7 heats up to a temperature at which the fuel / air mixture contained in the annular vortex is ignited.
  • a pressure oscillation is excited or maintained and amplified by the reaction of the fuel / air mixture contained in the periodically formed and burning ring vortices which is in the phase of the pressure oscillation.
  • the frequency of the pressure oscillation and the formation frequency of the toroidal ring vortices are identical. This is irrespective of whether the burner outflow is laminar or turbulent.
  • air 11 preferably from ambient temperature
  • gas outlet openings 10 which are arranged in the combustion chamber wall 9 evenly distributed around the axis 6, so that it is sucked tangentially to the annular vortex 7 into the convergent gap 8 according to the arrows 12 and displaces the hot smoke gases.
  • This lowers the temperature of the ring vortices 7 and at the same time reduces the fuel content accordingly, so that the ring vortices no longer ignite and, accordingly, no corresponding periodic combustion of the ring vortices which stimulates pressure vibrations.
  • the pressure fluctuations described above are thus prevented from occurring and this, the firing effect, which is both mechanically and thermally extremely stressful, is avoided.
  • the arrangement of the gas outlet openings 10 in a sufficiently uniform distribution around the central axis 6 of the flame has the effect that the toroidal ring vortex on the entire circumference of the flame 2 is cooled accordingly, with a corresponding inclination of the gas outlet openings 10 relative to the flame axis 6 ensuring that the outlet Gas is conveyed as precisely as possible to the point at which the ring vortex is formed, so that the gas is supplied to the ring vortexes which form there in the best possible way.
  • FIG. 2 shows a furnace similar to the furnace shown in FIG. 1, the same parts being provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the combustion chamber is not supplied with gas as a fluid but with an evaporable liquid.
  • the vaporizable liquid 14, preferably water, is fed through the combustion chamber wall 9 and sprayed into the annular vortex 7 through nozzles 13, which are attached to the combustion chamber wall 9 evenly distributed around the axis 6.
  • the water sprayed into the vortex 7 evaporates there, drawing the necessary heat of evaporation from the hot vortex and cooling it down, the steam which is formed simultaneously reducing the fuel concentration in the vortex.
  • the arrangement of the nozzles 13 in a sufficiently uniform distribution about the central axis 6 of the flame has the effect that the toroidal ring vortex is doped with vaporizable liquid over the entire circumference of the flame 2 and is cooled accordingly, with a corresponding inclination of the nozzles 13 with respect to the flame axis 6 it is ensured that the injected liquid is sprayed as precisely as possible to the point at which the ring vortex is created.
  • the liquid If the liquid is sprayed in the area adjacent to the flame or in the edge area of the flame 2 before the flame flow forms the toroidal ring vortices, the liquid evaporates there and the steam produced displaces the hot flue gases. This cooler steam is then sucked into the ring vortex instead of the flue gas, which likewise leads to a lower temperature and thinning and thus the prevention of periodic reactions of the ring vortex.
  • the invention has the advantage that irrespective of the type of combustion control, i.e. diffusive, partially premixed or fully premixed, pressure oscillations which occur are to be avoided, which are energetically maintained or energized by the periodic reaction or combustion of toroidal, depending on the flow control laminar or turbulent vortex be reinforced.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
EP97100753A 1996-02-07 1997-01-18 Procédé et dispositif pour supprimer des vibrations par flamme et par pression dans un four Expired - Lifetime EP0789193B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19604385 1996-02-07
DE1996104385 DE19604385A1 (de) 1996-02-07 1996-02-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Unterdrückung von Flammen-/Druckschwingungen bei einer Feuerung
DE19604384A DE19604384A1 (de) 1996-02-07 1996-02-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Unterdrückung von Flammen-/Druckschwingungen bei einer Feuerung
DE19604384 1996-02-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0789193A2 true EP0789193A2 (fr) 1997-08-13
EP0789193A3 EP0789193A3 (fr) 1998-08-19
EP0789193B1 EP0789193B1 (fr) 2002-04-10

Family

ID=26022695

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97100753A Expired - Lifetime EP0789193B1 (fr) 1996-02-07 1997-01-18 Procédé et dispositif pour supprimer des vibrations par flamme et par pression dans un four

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0789193B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09310818A (fr)
AT (1) ATE216052T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59706924D1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999063276A1 (fr) * 1998-06-04 1999-12-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Injecteur de combustible et procede pour injecter un jet de combustible
EP0972986A2 (fr) * 1998-07-16 2000-01-19 VIESSMANN WERKE GmbH & CO. Procédé pour eviter des vibrations pour flamme et par pression dans un four
EP1114967A1 (fr) * 2000-01-07 2001-07-11 ALSTOM Power (Schweiz) AG Procédé et dispositif pour supprimer les tourbillons dans une turbomachine
CN1294380C (zh) * 2003-12-09 2007-01-10 财团法人工业技术研究院 一种燃烧器
WO2009138594A2 (fr) * 2008-04-30 2009-11-19 Ifp Nouveau dispositif de controle du profil radial de la temperature d'une veine gazeuse

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4863371A (en) * 1988-06-03 1989-09-05 Union Carbide Corporation Low NOx high efficiency combustion process
CH682009A5 (fr) * 1990-11-02 1993-06-30 Asea Brown Boveri
DE4308731A1 (de) * 1993-03-19 1994-09-22 Babcock Omnical Gmbh Verfahren zur Verminderung der Bildung von NOx und Kessel

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999063276A1 (fr) * 1998-06-04 1999-12-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Injecteur de combustible et procede pour injecter un jet de combustible
EP0972986A2 (fr) * 1998-07-16 2000-01-19 VIESSMANN WERKE GmbH & CO. Procédé pour eviter des vibrations pour flamme et par pression dans un four
EP0972986A3 (fr) * 1998-07-16 2000-05-31 VIESSMANN WERKE GmbH & CO. Procédé pour eviter des vibrations pour flamme et par pression dans un four
EP1114967A1 (fr) * 2000-01-07 2001-07-11 ALSTOM Power (Schweiz) AG Procédé et dispositif pour supprimer les tourbillons dans une turbomachine
US6698209B1 (en) 2000-01-07 2004-03-02 Alstom Technology Ltd Method of and appliance for suppressing flow eddies within a turbomachine
CN1294380C (zh) * 2003-12-09 2007-01-10 财团法人工业技术研究院 一种燃烧器
WO2009138594A2 (fr) * 2008-04-30 2009-11-19 Ifp Nouveau dispositif de controle du profil radial de la temperature d'une veine gazeuse
WO2009138594A3 (fr) * 2008-04-30 2010-04-22 Ifp Nouveau dispositif de controle du profil radial de la temperature d'une veine gazeuse
CN102016414B (zh) * 2008-04-30 2013-07-24 Ifp新能源公司 控制气流径向温度分布的新型设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH09310818A (ja) 1997-12-02
EP0789193A3 (fr) 1998-08-19
EP0789193B1 (fr) 2002-04-10
ATE216052T1 (de) 2002-04-15
DE59706924D1 (de) 2002-05-16

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