EP0786714B1 - Verfahren und Anordnung zur Einstellung der Helligkeit eines strom- oder spannungsgesteuerten Leuchtmittels zur Hinterleuchtung einer Anzeige, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge - Google Patents
Verfahren und Anordnung zur Einstellung der Helligkeit eines strom- oder spannungsgesteuerten Leuchtmittels zur Hinterleuchtung einer Anzeige, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0786714B1 EP0786714B1 EP96112912A EP96112912A EP0786714B1 EP 0786714 B1 EP0786714 B1 EP 0786714B1 EP 96112912 A EP96112912 A EP 96112912A EP 96112912 A EP96112912 A EP 96112912A EP 0786714 B1 EP0786714 B1 EP 0786714B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- brightness
- luminous means
- microcomputer
- display
- current
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
- G05F1/565—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/3406—Control of illumination source
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for adjusting the brightness of a current or voltage-controlled lamps for backlighting a display, at which the control voltage or the control current of the illuminant is set is, as well as a display device of a motor vehicle that has a backlight with a current or voltage controlled lamp, whose brightness is adjustable.
- LEDs it is also common to use LEDs to backlight individual control buttons. This serves either to display the function of the button or to serve the user to help you find the right key.
- LEDs or lamps on the other hand, have very wide ranges in terms of their brightness on, so that the display brightness of is not available.
- the lamps are then different Series resistors are used to provide an even display brightness to achieve.
- a display system with an LCD is known from EP 0 572 207 A2 is backlit by a light source.
- the brightness of the light source will determined by an internal photodetector and the measured value for brightness control used.
- US 5,416,385 is also a device and a Method known with which the light intensity of a light source can be influenced can.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of a method or a display device to indicate at which the backlighting does not require a lot of logistics is adjustable for displays with a closely tolerated brightness.
- the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 or a display device according to claim 6 solved.
- the advantage of the invention is that the brightness only at the end of the tape of the lamp to the corresponding tolerances with otherwise the same hardware is adjusted. Possible errors during assembly are prevented and the logistics effort is reduced to a minimum
- the control voltage or the control current of the illuminant is advantageous determined with the help of an electronic calculator that the Correction factor takes from a data memory in which an assignment the brightness of the lamp to the corresponding correction factor is.
- the actual brightness of the lamp is measured and the corresponding measured value is fed to the electronic computer.
- one of the middle ones can be added to the electronic computer expected brightness of the lamp is supplied with the corresponding value become.
- the brightness of the lamp is always in the middle of the tolerance field is set. All others affect the brightness Sizes are eliminated.
- the information provided by the electronic computer Control signal is a pulse signal whose pulse width depends on the brightness of the lamp is set.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention is that a Series connection of the bulbs leads to a fixed voltage on the one hand and on the other hand is connected to a series resistor.
- the series resistor is connected to an output of a first microcomputer via a transistor, which has a programmable memory, where on the brightness signal is present at an input of the microcomputer.
- the programmable However, memory can also be arranged outside the microcomputer his.
- the first microcomputer is arranged in the display control unit.
- the first microcomputer advantageously has a diagnostic interface by means of which the first microcomputer with a second microcomputer can be connected, which controls the brightness measurement.
- the second microcomputer is advantageously a test computer.
- Figure 1 is the usual setting of the brightness of a backlight represented by buttons.
- Three LEDs 1, 2, 3 are with a series resistor 4 between terminal 58g of the motor vehicle and ground connected. By installing LEDs and series resistor, the brightness the backlight is set once and can no longer Getting corrected.
- FIG. 2 is now a transistor between the series resistor 4 and ground 5 switched, the base of which is connected to the input 14 of a microcomputer 7 is connected.
- the microcomputer 7 is both with bus lines a non-volatile memory 8 (EEPROM) as well as with a diagnostic interface 9 connected.
- the microcomputer 7, memory 8 and interface 9 are arranged in a control device 6, which in turn in a Display device 10 for controlling an LCD display 11 is included.
- the light emitting diodes 1, 2 and 3 are placed behind the LCD display 11.
- any LCD's 1, 2 can now be produced in the manufacture of the display device 10 and 3 are installed.
- the Luminosity of LEDs 1, 2 and 3 in a tape end test using a Test computer 12, preferably an existing production computer, can be set.
- the brightness emitted by the LEDs is measured by a light meter 13 measured and the measured value via an A / D converter to the test computer Given 12.
- This test computer 12 is also with the diagnostic interface 9 of the control unit 6 connected, which is simply by a diagnostic connector can be implemented.
- the digitized measured brightness value is given to the microcomputer 7 of the control device 6.
- the PWM signal is thus fixed and remains for the life of the LED's received.
- the correction values stored in EEPROM 8 can be based on tables be determined. If there is a high storage capacity, the dependency is the PWM signal from the brightness is also possible in the form of characteristic maps, which determined a higher accuracy of the adaptation to the point Allow lighting characteristics of the LEDs.
- search lighting which serves the user to find To lighten a button, it makes sense that the LED's or lamps according to their measured brightness fluctuations from the microcomputer 7 assigned to a fixed class stored in EEPROM 8 become. If the brightness value falls into this class, the transistor 5 is activated, otherwise the transistor 5 is not activated.
- resistor 15 is switched on via transistor 5 when a signal is present shorted.
- the LEDs are so-called low-side switches on one constant voltage or current source.
- the one controlled by the microprocessor 7 Transistor 5 is connected to the in a manner known per se Power source connected.
- the clock signal leads to a Voltage change, which is a change in brightness of the LED's draws.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Arrangements Of Lighting Devices For Vehicle Interiors, Mounting And Supporting Thereof, Circuits Therefore (AREA)
- Instrument Panels (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1:
- Helligkeitseinstellung nach dem Stand der Technik
- Fig. 2:
- Anordnung zur Einstellung einer LCD-Hinterleuchtung
- Fig. 3:
- Anordnung zur Einstellung einer Tastenhinterleuchtung als Suchbeleuchtung
Claims (8)
- Verfahren zur Einstellung der Helligkeit eines strom- oder spannungsgesteuerten Leuchtmittels zur Hinterleuchtung einer Anzeige, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge, bei dem die Steuerspannung oder der Steuerstrom des Leuchtmittels eingestellt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach Herstellung der Anzeige in einem Prüfschritt in Abhängigkeit von der Helligkeit des Leuchtmittels ein Korrekturfaktor bestimmt wird, der mittels elektronischem Rechner einem Datenspeicher entnommen wird, in welchem eine Zuordnung der Helligkeit des Leuchtmittels zum entsprechenden Korrekturfaktor abgelegt ist, und mittels des Korrekturfaktors die Steuerspannung oder der Steuerstrom des Leuchtmittels fest eingestellt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Korrekturfaktor anhand einer abgespeicherten Tabelle oder anhand abgespeicherter Kennfelder bestimmt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die tatsächliche Helligkeit des Leuchtmittels gemessen wird und der entsprechende Meßwert dem elektronischen Rechner zugeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem elektronischen Rechner ein der mittleren zu erwartenden Helligkeit des Leuchtmittels entsprechender Wert zugeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das vom elektronischen Rechner abgegebene Steuersignal ein Impulssignal ist, dessen Impulsbreite in Abhängigkeit der Helligkeit des Leuchtmittels eingestellt wird.
- Anzeigegerät eines Kraftfahrzeugs, das eine Hintergrundbeleuchtung mit einem strom- oder spannungsgesteuerten Leuchtmittel aufweist, dessen Helligkeit einstellbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Anzeigegerät eine Reihenschaltung mehrerer Leuchtmittel (1-3) enthält, die einerseits an eine Festspannung führt und andererseits mit einem Vorwiderstand (4) verbunden ist, der über einen Transistor (5) mit einem Ausgang (14) eines ersten Mikrocomputers (7) verbunden ist, welcher einen programmierbaren Speicher (8) aufweist, in dem eine Tabelle oder Kennfelder mit einer Zuordnung von Helligkeitswerten zu Korrekturfaktoren abgelegt ist wobei ein korrekturfaktor nach Herstellung der Anzeige in einem Prüfschritt in Abhängigkeit von des Helligkeit des Leuchtmittels (1-3) bestimmt ist, und mittels eines der Korrekturfaktoren die Steuerspannung oder der Steuerstrom der Leuchtmittel (1-3) fest eingestellt ist.
- Anzeigegerät nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Mikrocomputer (7) in einem Anzeigensteuergerät (6) angeordnet ist.
- Anzeigegerät nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Mikrocomputer (7) eine Diagnoseschnittstelle (9) aufweist, mittels welcher der erste Mikrocomputer (7) mit einem zweiten Mikrocomputer (12) verbunden wird welcher die Helligkeitsmessung steuert.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19602891A DE19602891A1 (de) | 1996-01-27 | 1996-01-27 | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Einstellung der Helligkeit eines strom- oder spannungsgesteuerten Leuchtmittels zur Hinterleuchtung einer Anzeige, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge |
| DE19602891 | 1996-01-27 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0786714A2 EP0786714A2 (de) | 1997-07-30 |
| EP0786714A3 EP0786714A3 (de) | 1998-06-24 |
| EP0786714B1 true EP0786714B1 (de) | 2002-11-20 |
Family
ID=7783824
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96112912A Revoked EP0786714B1 (de) | 1996-01-27 | 1996-08-10 | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Einstellung der Helligkeit eines strom- oder spannungsgesteuerten Leuchtmittels zur Hinterleuchtung einer Anzeige, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0786714B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19602891A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (61)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6150771A (en) | 1997-06-11 | 2000-11-21 | Precision Solar Controls Inc. | Circuit for interfacing between a conventional traffic signal conflict monitor and light emitting diodes replacing a conventional incandescent bulb in the signal |
| DE29710592U1 (de) * | 1997-06-18 | 1997-08-14 | Hella KG Hueck & Co. Patente - Marken - Lizenzen, 59555 Lippstadt | Anzeige für ein Fahrzeug |
| US6777891B2 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2004-08-17 | Color Kinetics, Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for controlling devices in a networked lighting system |
| US7014336B1 (en) | 1999-11-18 | 2006-03-21 | Color Kinetics Incorporated | Systems and methods for generating and modulating illumination conditions |
| US7186003B2 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2007-03-06 | Color Kinetics Incorporated | Light-emitting diode based products |
| US7385359B2 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2008-06-10 | Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions, Inc. | Information systems |
| US7064498B2 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2006-06-20 | Color Kinetics Incorporated | Light-emitting diode based products |
| US7427840B2 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2008-09-23 | Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for controlling illumination |
| US7352339B2 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2008-04-01 | Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions | Diffuse illumination systems and methods |
| US7038398B1 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2006-05-02 | Color Kinetics, Incorporated | Kinetic illumination system and methods |
| US7113541B1 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2006-09-26 | Color Kinetics Incorporated | Method for software driven generation of multiple simultaneous high speed pulse width modulated signals |
| US6806659B1 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2004-10-19 | Color Kinetics, Incorporated | Multicolored LED lighting method and apparatus |
| US6897624B2 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2005-05-24 | Color Kinetics, Incorporated | Packaged information systems |
| US6720745B2 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2004-04-13 | Color Kinetics, Incorporated | Data delivery track |
| US20040052076A1 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2004-03-18 | Mueller George G. | Controlled lighting methods and apparatus |
| US20030133292A1 (en) | 1999-11-18 | 2003-07-17 | Mueller George G. | Methods and apparatus for generating and modulating white light illumination conditions |
| US6717376B2 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2004-04-06 | Color Kinetics, Incorporated | Automotive information systems |
| US6965205B2 (en) | 1997-08-26 | 2005-11-15 | Color Kinetics Incorporated | Light emitting diode based products |
| US7598686B2 (en) | 1997-12-17 | 2009-10-06 | Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions, Inc. | Organic light emitting diode methods and apparatus |
| DE19818621A1 (de) * | 1998-04-25 | 1999-10-28 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Schaltungsanordnung zur Einstellung der Helligkeit stromgesteuerter Leuchtdioden zur Beleuchtung einer Anzeige |
| DE19835392A1 (de) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-02-10 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Ansteuerschaltung für Leuchtdioden |
| DE19845092A1 (de) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-06 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Helligkeitssteuerung von Displays in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
| DE19848925B4 (de) * | 1998-10-23 | 2010-04-29 | Lumino Licht Elektronik Gmbh | Verfahren und Schaltungsanordnung zur Ansteuerung von Leuchtdioden |
| DE19927434A1 (de) * | 1999-06-16 | 2000-12-21 | Valeo Auto Electric Gmbh | Lichtsensor zur Ermittlung der Umgebungshelligkeit |
| DE19935458A1 (de) * | 1999-07-28 | 2001-02-01 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Verfahren zur Dimmung der Lichtemission einer mit einer Leuchtstofflampe beleuchtbaren Anzeige und mit einer Leuchtstofflampe beleuchtbare, in ihrer Helligkeit dimmbare Anzeige |
| WO2001024584A1 (en) | 1999-09-29 | 2001-04-05 | Color Kinetics, Inc. | Systems and methods for calibrating light output by light-emitting diodes |
| DE10008888B4 (de) * | 2000-02-25 | 2006-01-19 | Audi Ag | Kombiinstrument |
| US7642730B2 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2010-01-05 | Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for conveying information via color of light |
| US6448550B1 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2002-09-10 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring spectral content of LED light source and control thereof |
| DE10026967A1 (de) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-06 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Ermittlung einer Lichtstärke mittels Sensor |
| DE10027478A1 (de) * | 2000-06-02 | 2001-12-06 | Hella Kg Hueck & Co | Beleuchtungseinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
| US7202613B2 (en) | 2001-05-30 | 2007-04-10 | Color Kinetics Incorporated | Controlled lighting methods and apparatus |
| US7303300B2 (en) | 2000-09-27 | 2007-12-04 | Color Kinetics Incorporated | Methods and systems for illuminating household products |
| CN1476593A (zh) | 2000-10-25 | 2004-02-18 | �������ϰ�װ��������˾ | 用于座舱交通显示的飞行员可编程高度范围过滤器 |
| US6717559B2 (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2004-04-06 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Temperature compensated parallel LED drive circuit |
| US7262752B2 (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2007-08-28 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Series led backlight control circuit |
| US7038399B2 (en) | 2001-03-13 | 2006-05-02 | Color Kinetics Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for providing power to lighting devices |
| US7598684B2 (en) | 2001-05-30 | 2009-10-06 | Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for controlling devices in a networked lighting system |
| EP1313353A1 (de) * | 2001-11-19 | 2003-05-21 | Nokia Corporation | Verfahren und Anordnung zum Betreiben einer Leuchtdiode |
| DE10209622B4 (de) | 2002-03-05 | 2006-02-02 | Preh Gmbh | Optische Anzeige |
| US7358679B2 (en) | 2002-05-09 | 2008-04-15 | Philips Solid-State Lighting Solutions, Inc. | Dimmable LED-based MR16 lighting apparatus and methods |
| US6841947B2 (en) * | 2002-05-14 | 2005-01-11 | Garmin At, Inc. | Systems and methods for controlling brightness of an avionics display |
| US7023543B2 (en) | 2002-08-01 | 2006-04-04 | Cunningham David W | Method for controlling the luminous flux spectrum of a lighting fixture |
| DE10236870A1 (de) * | 2002-08-12 | 2004-02-26 | Hella Kg Hueck & Co. | Leuchte mit einer Schaltungsanordnung zum Ansteuern von Leuchtdioden und Verfahren zum Abgleichen einer solchen Schaltungsanordnung |
| US7300192B2 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2007-11-27 | Color Kinetics Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for illuminating environments |
| DE10354746B4 (de) * | 2002-11-23 | 2008-12-04 | Preh Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben von LED's |
| US7178941B2 (en) | 2003-05-05 | 2007-02-20 | Color Kinetics Incorporated | Lighting methods and systems |
| DE102004002398A1 (de) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-08-25 | J.S. Technology Co., Ltd. | Lichtquelle mit Leuchtdioden |
| DE102004003698B4 (de) | 2004-01-24 | 2005-11-24 | Preh Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung zur Ansteuerung von Leuchtmitteln |
| DE102004062728B3 (de) * | 2004-12-27 | 2006-04-06 | Insta Elektro Gmbh | Elektrische/elektronische Schaltungsanordnung |
| DE102005011503B3 (de) * | 2005-03-12 | 2006-05-18 | Insta Elektro Gmbh | Verfahren zur gepulsten Ansteuerung von Leuchtmitteln |
| FR2889643A1 (fr) * | 2005-08-08 | 2007-02-09 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Ajustement de l'intensite lumineuse, notamment d'un tableau de commande pour vehicule automobile |
| DE102005038179B4 (de) * | 2005-08-12 | 2008-05-29 | Audi Ag | Kraftfahrzeug |
| DE102006018575A1 (de) * | 2006-04-21 | 2007-10-25 | Tridonicatco Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fehlererkennung von Leuchtdioden |
| US7928939B2 (en) * | 2007-02-22 | 2011-04-19 | Apple Inc. | Display system |
| DE102007024078A1 (de) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-10-02 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc., Van Buren Township | Ansteuereinheit für eine Lichtquelle eines beleuchteten Anzeige- und/oder Bedienelement sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu dessen Kalibrierung |
| DE102013210261B4 (de) | 2013-06-03 | 2018-03-22 | Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH | Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug |
| DE102013212895A1 (de) | 2013-07-02 | 2015-01-08 | Lemförder Electronic GmbH | Beleuchtungsvorrichtung |
| FR3032308B1 (fr) * | 2015-01-29 | 2017-02-24 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | Systeme de stabilisation d'une tension d'alimentation d'un reseau electrique de bord d'un vehicule automobile |
| CN109031953B (zh) * | 2018-07-26 | 2021-10-15 | 上海高适软件有限公司 | 基于自学习的电动升降桌遇阻回退方法和系统及升降设备 |
| DE102022125484A1 (de) * | 2022-10-04 | 2024-04-04 | HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA | Kraftfahrzeugaußenleuchte, insbesondere Heckleuchte, mit einem transmissiven Flüssigkristallbildschirm und wenigstens einem Leuchtmittel zur Hinterleuchtung des Flüssigkristallbildschirms |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5272327A (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1993-12-21 | Compaq Computer Corporation | Constant brightness liquid crystal display backlight control system |
| US5416385A (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1995-05-16 | Rockwell International Corp. | Means for compact spatial optical integration |
-
1996
- 1996-01-27 DE DE19602891A patent/DE19602891A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-08-10 DE DE59609885T patent/DE59609885D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-08-10 EP EP96112912A patent/EP0786714B1/de not_active Revoked
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0786714A3 (de) | 1998-06-24 |
| DE59609885D1 (de) | 2003-01-02 |
| DE19602891A1 (de) | 1997-08-07 |
| EP0786714A2 (de) | 1997-07-30 |
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