EP0784864B1 - Low-pressure discharge lamp - Google Patents

Low-pressure discharge lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0784864B1
EP0784864B1 EP95934774A EP95934774A EP0784864B1 EP 0784864 B1 EP0784864 B1 EP 0784864B1 EP 95934774 A EP95934774 A EP 95934774A EP 95934774 A EP95934774 A EP 95934774A EP 0784864 B1 EP0784864 B1 EP 0784864B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamp
tube
electrode
low
pressure discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95934774A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0784864A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Sebastianus Gertrudis Geven
Jeroen Christiaan Langevoort
Henricus Lambertus Antonius Adrianus Vogels
Patricius Wilhelmus Maria Lepelaars
Hui-Meng Chow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Publication of EP0784864A1 publication Critical patent/EP0784864A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0784864B1 publication Critical patent/EP0784864B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
    • H01J61/361—Seals between parts of vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/09—Hollow cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
    • H01J61/361—Seals between parts of vessel
    • H01J61/365—Annular seals disposed between the ends of the vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/70—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low-pressure discharge lamp, comprising
  • Such a low-pressure discharge lamp is known from EP-A 0 562 679 (PHN 14.189).
  • the known lamp is of a simple construction which is easy to realise.
  • the hollow cylindrical electrodes therein have a multiple function: they act as electrodes inside the lamp vessel, as current supply conductors and current lead-throughs inside the lamp vessel and in the lamp vessel wall, and also as tubes through which the lamp vessel can be cleaned and be provided with its filling.
  • the lamp vessel may be closed in a vacuumtight manner in that a glass tube is fused to each of the electrodes outside the lamp vessel and is closed at its free end, for example by fusion.
  • the construction of the known lamp renders it easy to realise lamps of a comparatively small internal diameter, for example 1.5 to 7 mm, and of a comparatively great length of, for example, 1 m or more.
  • the ionizable filling may comprise a rare gas or a mixture of rare gases, or in addition a component capable of evaporation such as, for example, mercury.
  • the lamp vessel wall may be provided with a fluorescent material.
  • the lamp may be used for lighting purposes, or as a signal lamp, for example with a neon filling as a tail lamp or stop lamp in vehicles. In the latter application the lamp has the advantage over an incandescent lamp that it emits its full light after 10 ms already, instead of 300 ms after being energised.
  • this object is realised in that a tube lies in the extended direction of at least one of the electrodes at a distance from an end thereof, which tube is coated with an electron emitter and is connected to the electrode by electrically conducting means of which the material in cross-sections transverse to the electrode has a surface area which is at most 25% of the surface area of the material of the electrode itself in cross-sections, and which tube is open at least at a side facing the electrode.
  • the lamp according to the invention was found to provide an increased luminous flux against the same consumed power.
  • the discharge arc is found to apply itself mainly to the inside of the electrode during starting of the lamp.
  • the arc also hits the tube and raises its temperature. After some time the arc applies itself mainly to the tube and remains there.
  • the tube assumes a comparatively high temperature during lamp operation. This results in a good electron emission.
  • the electrically conducting means provide the tube with a thermal insulation, so that the electrode itself remains comparatively cool, cooler than the electrode of the known lamp. This manifests itself in the temperature of the electrode at the area where it makes contact with the lamp vessel, and outside the lamp vessel.
  • the lamp vessel and the electrode outside the lamp vessel as a result may be in contact with or in connection with materials which have a comparatively low resistance to heat during operation.
  • the electrically conducting means form a heat resistance of 50-2000 K/W. If the heat resistance is considerably greater than indicated here, the tube may generally assume a temperature at which evaporation may start to occur. Given a resistance lower than indicated, the effect on the tube temperature is small. It is favourable when the heat resistance is 100-2000 K/W.
  • the lamp which has only one electrode provided with a tube is highly suitable for DC operation.
  • the electrode with the tube is the cathode then. It is favourable, however, for example for AC operation, when both electrodes arc fitted with such a tube.
  • the electrically conducting means may be formed by a metal wire which is welded to the electrode and to the tube, for example with resistance welds or laser welds.
  • said means may comprise two or more wires. This embodiment may be preferable in lamps which arc subjected to accelerations during operation, for example owing to shocks or vibrations.
  • the tube is integral with the electrode.
  • material has been removed from the shell of a cylinder from which the electrode and the tube were formed over a longitudinal portion thereof, for example by sawing, grinding, drilling, burning, or etching.
  • One or several connections between the tube and the electrode may have been maintained then so as to serve as electrically conducting means. Three such connections distributed over the circumference provide a mechanically strong construction.
  • the wall of the tube is formed, for example, from a solid material, for example the same material as the electrode, for example, the tube is integral with the electrode.
  • the wall of the tube is porous.
  • the material from which the tube is made is a refractory metal such as Ni, Mo or Ta or an alloy thereof. This has the advantage that both the adhesion strength and the amount of emitter material that can be adhered to the tube arc improved. Furthermore, the heat capacity of the tube is relatively low, resulting in a fast warming-up of the electrode.
  • the porous material is a gauze as it is easy to handle and has a relatively high strength.
  • the gauze is woven, for example, from a wire having a diameter of the order of a few tens of micrometers and with a density of a few wires per mm.
  • the tube is internally coated with emitter.
  • the tube may be coated externally, or both internally and externally.
  • the discharge arc preferentially applies itself to the inside of the tube in the case of internal coating. Any material detached from the tube then remains substantially inside the tube instead of depositing itself on the lamp vessel wall.
  • a tube allows itself to be coated particularly easily both internally and externally when it is immersed in a suspension of emitter material.
  • the external emitter may then act as a spare reservoir if the internal emitter stock should become exhausted towards the end of lamp life.
  • the thermal insulation of the tube may be chosen through the choice of the distance between the tube and the electrode, the number of connections between the tube and the electrode, and the average cross-section thereof. If the tube and the electrode arc an assembled unit, the insulation is also adjustable through the choice of the material of said means, in particular the heat conductivity thereof. Those skilled in the art may many make this choice in a small test series for each lamp type.
  • the emitter may be chosen, for example, from emitters known from lamps, for example low-pressure discharge lamps, or mixtures thereof. Highly suitable is an emitter of BaO, CaO, and SrO, for example obtained from equal molar parts of their carbonates. Alternatively, for example, Ba x Sr 1-x Y 2 O 4 may be used, in which x is, for example, 0.75.
  • the electrode, and thus possibly the tube may be made of a metal which has a coefficient of expansion which corresponds to that of the glass of the lamp vessel, for example a CrNiFe alloy in the case of time glass, for example Cr 6% by weight, Ni 42% by weight, and the rest Fe.
  • a metal which has a coefficient of expansion which corresponds to that of the glass of the lamp vessel for example a CrNiFe alloy in the case of time glass, for example Cr 6% by weight, Ni 42% by weight, and the rest Fe.
  • a hard-glass lamp vessel for example of borosilicate glass
  • an electrode may be used, for example made of Ni/Fe or NiCoFe, for example Ni 29% by weight, Co 17% by weight, the rest Fe, for example with a diameter of 1.5 mm and a wall thickness of 0.12 mm.
  • the tube in an assembled unit of electrode and tube may consist of, for example, CrNiFe with 18% Cr by weight, 10% Ni by weight, and the rest Fe, or of Ni.
  • the electrically conducting means may then be, for example, NiCr, for example Ni80Cx20 (weight/weight), for example in the form of wire of 0.125 or 0.250 mm diameter.
  • the tube is open at both ends and is positioned inside the lamp vessel. Practically all radiation generated by the discharge arc is utilized in this embodiment, which is particularly attractive for a comparatively short lamp vessel.
  • the discharge arc enters the electrode around the tube in the case of an emitter applied in a tube arranged inside the discharge vessel, which tube is open at one side, the closed side either facing the electrode or being remote from the electrode.
  • the lamp vessel then shows strong blackening near the tube.
  • the lamp vessel may be closed in that a glass tube was fused to one or both electrodes outside the lamp vessel and closed. It is alternatively possible, however, that a seal has been made in the electrode tube itself outside the lamp vessel.
  • the tube may have been closed by fusion, for example with a laser, or pinched, or pinched and fused.
  • the tube is positioned outside the lamp vessel in front of the electrode.
  • This has the advantage that material detached from the tube during operation will end up substantially outside the lamp vessel, so that the lamp vessel itself remains clear. The lumen output accordingly remains high during lamp life.
  • This embodiment is of particular importance for lamps whose filling comprises a component capable of evaporation. Since the discharge arc applies itself mainly to the tube during normal operation, the space outside the lamp vessel, where the tube is accommodated, assumes a comparatively high temperature. The evaporation component can thus have a comparatively high vapour pressure.
  • the opposite side facing away from the electrode may be open, as is the side facing the electrode, or it may alternatively be closed, for example in that it has been pinched.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawing shows a first embodiment of the low-pressure discharge lamp according to the invention in side elevation, partly broken away.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment, also in side elevation and partly broken away.
  • the low-pressure discharge lamp in the drawing has a tubular glass lamp vessel 1 which is closed in a vacuumtight manner and has end portions 2. It has an ionizable filling comprising rare gas, in the drawing a filling of argon and mercury. A mixture of phosphors 8 covers the inner surface of the lamp vessel for the major part. Hollow cylindrical electrodes 3 enter the lamp vessel each at a respective end portion 2 and have ends 4A, 4B inside and outside the lamp vessel.
  • a tube 5 lies in the extended direction of at least one of the electrodes 3, at a distance in front of one of the ends 4 thereof, i.e. 4A, which tube is open at least at a side facing the electrode, is coated with an electron emitter 6, and is connected to the electrode 3 by electrically conducting means 7 whose material in cross-sections transverse to the electrode has a surface area which is at most 25% of the surface area of the material of the electrode itself in cross-sections.
  • the tube 5 is open at two sides and is positioned in front of the electrode 3, inside the lamp vessel 1.
  • the tube is coated with emitter internally and externally.
  • the electrode and the tube form an integral whole.
  • both electrodes have such an emitter-coated tube, and the tubes arc connected to the electrodes by three connections distributed over the circumference, covering approximately 10% of the circumference in the Figure and forming the electrically conducting means.
  • electrodes of Cr6Ni42Fe52 were used.
  • the electrodes had an inner diameter of 1.5 mm and a wall thickness of 0.12 mm.
  • a tube having a solid nickel wall open at two ends and of 4 mm length extended in front of each of the electrodes at a distance of 3 mm.
  • the tubes were internally and externally coated with BaCaSrO 3 .
  • the tubes were supported by a nickel wire of 0.4 mm diameter which in cross-section had a surface area amounting to approximately 6% of the material surface area of the electrode itself in cross-section, resulting in a heat resistance of 320 K/W.
  • the lamp was compared with a lamp (ref) which had no tubes at the electrodes, but which was identical in all other respects.
  • the reference lamp was operated, as was the lamp according to the invention (inv 1) with 10 mA alternating current.
  • the lamp according to the invention was also operated with 30 mA (Inv 2).
  • the voltage across the harps V 1a , the power consumption P 1a , the luminous flux ⁇ , and the luminous efficacy ⁇ are listed in Table 1 below.
  • the temperature of the lamp inv 3 was measured in the locations indicated in the Figure with a-g, the cathode being at location g. These temperatures arc listed with the corresponding temperatures of the reference lamp (ref 2) for comparison in Table 3 below. temp. [°C] at: a b c d e f g inv 3 45 55 63 47 124 120 71 ref 2 60 60 60 50 177 177 230
  • the highest measured temperature (e) for the lamp inv 3 is more than 50° C lower than in the reference lamp. Since the lamp must certainly be held by the projecting portion of the electrode in order to supply it, it is of greater importance for the choice of materials with which the lamp is in connection during operation that the temperature near the cathode in location g is the lowest, and is much lower (71°C) than in the reference lamp. It is apparent from the temperatures at e-g that the lamp vessel of the reference lamp gets its temperatures mainly through conduction of heat originating from the electrode through the lamp vessel wall. The lamp vessel of lamp inv 3 gets its temperatures mainly through radiation originating from the tube at the electrode.
  • the wall of the tube is of a porous material, for example a gauze of a wire having a diameter. in the range of 50-100 ⁇ m and with a density of 3-5 wires per mm. Suitable materials are, for example, Ni, Mo and Ta.
  • the tube has a length and an internal diameter of 3 mm and of 1.5 mm, respectively.
  • Lamp properties were measured for lamps of the embodiments of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, referred to below as inv 4 and inv 5, respectively, after 1 h and 2000 h of operation.
  • the distance between the tubes in lamp inv 4 is 12 cm.
  • the construction of lamp inv 5 differs from that of lamp inv 4 only in that the tube is placed outside the lamp vessel.
  • the distance between the tubes in lamp inv 5 is 14 cm.
  • Lamp construction is the same in other respects, i.e. materials and dimensions of the tubes, electrically conducting means, and electrodes.
  • the lamps inv 4 and inv 5 were filled with 40 mbar Ar and 2 mg Hg.
  • the following lamp properties were measured at a lamp current of 40 mA after a lamp life T (h) of 1 bond 2000 h of operation: lamp voltage V 1a in V, power consumed by the lamp P 1a in W, luminous flux ⁇ of the lamp in 1m, and luminous efficacy ⁇ in 1m/W, as listed in Table 4 below.
  • the ratio of the luminous efficacy after 2000 hours of operation ⁇ 2000 to the luminous efficacy after 1 hour of operation ⁇ 1 is also shown in the Table.
  • the luminous efficacy of lamp inv 5 after 2000 hours of operation is found to be higher than that of lamp inv 4 in spite of the fact that the radiation generated by the discharge arc in lamp inv 5 is partly intercepted by the electrode because the discharge arc passes through the hollow electrode and applies itself to the tube.

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  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
EP95934774A 1995-07-13 1995-11-02 Low-pressure discharge lamp Expired - Lifetime EP0784864B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9500622A BE1009483A3 (nl) 1995-07-13 1995-07-13 Lagedrukontladingslamp.
BE9500622 1995-07-13
PCT/IB1995/000951 WO1997003455A1 (en) 1995-07-13 1995-11-02 Low-pressure discharge lamp

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0784864A1 EP0784864A1 (en) 1997-07-23
EP0784864B1 true EP0784864B1 (en) 1999-02-10

Family

ID=3889098

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95934774A Expired - Lifetime EP0784864B1 (en) 1995-07-13 1995-11-02 Low-pressure discharge lamp
EP96201882A Expired - Lifetime EP0753883B1 (en) 1995-07-13 1996-07-05 Low-pressure discharge lamp

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96201882A Expired - Lifetime EP0753883B1 (en) 1995-07-13 1996-07-05 Low-pressure discharge lamp

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0784864B1 (ko)
JP (2) JPH10505942A (ko)
KR (1) KR100399461B1 (ko)
CN (2) CN1083147C (ko)
BE (1) BE1009483A3 (ko)
DE (2) DE69507821T2 (ko)
ES (1) ES2130660T3 (ko)
WO (1) WO1997003455A1 (ko)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6037714A (en) * 1995-09-19 2000-03-14 Philips Electronics North America Corporation Hollow electrodes for low pressure discharge lamps, particularly narrow diameter fluorescent and neon lamps and lamps containing the same
KR100464303B1 (ko) * 1998-05-07 2005-02-28 삼성전자주식회사 방전발광소자
EP1437760B1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2013-05-22 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Gas discharge tube
CN101145484B (zh) * 2006-09-11 2010-06-09 陈宗烈 一种t2～t1规格热阴极荧光灯的制作方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR870005434A (ko) * 1985-11-27 1987-06-08 이와시끼 미쯔오 금속증기 방전램프 및 그 제조 방법
JPH0377257A (ja) * 1989-08-21 1991-04-02 Hitachi Ltd 低圧放電灯
JP3341294B2 (ja) * 1991-09-30 2002-11-05 東芝ライテック株式会社 冷陰極放電灯
KR940007647B1 (ko) * 1992-01-28 1994-08-22 삼성전자 주식회사 저압수은 방전램프
US5387837A (en) * 1992-03-27 1995-02-07 U.S. Philips Corporation Low-pressure discharge lamp and luminaire provided with such a lamp
JPH0745236A (ja) * 1993-07-28 1995-02-14 Toshiba Lighting & Technol Corp 低圧放電灯及びランプ組込み機器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR970706599A (ko) 1997-11-03
EP0753883A1 (en) 1997-01-15
CN1083147C (zh) 2002-04-17
DE69507821T2 (de) 1999-08-19
EP0753883B1 (en) 1999-12-01
DE69605365T2 (de) 2000-06-08
CN1157669A (zh) 1997-08-20
KR100399461B1 (ko) 2004-03-20
ES2130660T3 (es) 1999-07-01
JPH0935688A (ja) 1997-02-07
BE1009483A3 (nl) 1997-04-01
JPH10505942A (ja) 1998-06-09
CN1167228A (zh) 1997-12-10
DE69507821D1 (de) 1999-03-25
EP0784864A1 (en) 1997-07-23
WO1997003455A1 (en) 1997-01-30
DE69605365D1 (de) 2000-01-05

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