EP0783198B1 - Überwachung der Spaltgasbildung in Transformatoren - Google Patents
Überwachung der Spaltgasbildung in Transformatoren Download PDFInfo
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- EP0783198B1 EP0783198B1 EP96100103A EP96100103A EP0783198B1 EP 0783198 B1 EP0783198 B1 EP 0783198B1 EP 96100103 A EP96100103 A EP 96100103A EP 96100103 A EP96100103 A EP 96100103A EP 0783198 B1 EP0783198 B1 EP 0783198B1
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- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- pressure
- liquid
- volume
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
- H01H33/55—Oil reservoirs or tanks; Lowering means therefor
- H01H33/555—Protective arrangements responsive to abnormal fluid pressure, liquid level or liquid displacement, e.g. Buchholz relays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
- H01H35/24—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow
- H01H35/26—Details
- H01H35/28—Compensation for variation of ambient pressure or temperature
Definitions
- Whether a fault current occurring in a transformer can be detected and which Methods and devices that can be used for this mainly depend on whether related to the respective construction type, the fault current has a detectable effect and whether a temporary or permanent effects may appear as a disturbance.
- the listed devices for fault indication have in common that they either fault currents in a late phase of their escalation or unusual operating conditions, in particular Overload, should or can display.
- the pressure measurement could be reduced to the normal operating pressure, i.e. refer to the constant temperature that causes it.
- monitoring the pressure would therefore be particularly simple as every pressure rise is an error, every pressure drop is a leak would indicate.
- the diagnostic use of the relationship between fluid temperature, volume and pressure in the present invention occurs on various types of transformers different ways.
- the breathing Moving the transformer with the expansion vessel mechanically, for the integrally filled hermetic transformer preferably by measurement.
- the respective liquid volume to that volume in undisturbed operation solely related temperature.
- the method can also be used for the gas cushion transformer be applied. With the latter type, however, with restrictions, too the method of temperature-related pressure monitoring can be applied.
- DGPT d éte Frankfurt g az / p ression / t empérature for monitoring - optionally - gas development, pressure or temperature with a single one Device
- function-like devices for the protection of transformers of various designs.
- the present invention enables the detection of a low-current fault and its Development. Detecting high-current errors or giving a warning signal or shutdown takes place according to the prior art of various devices causes, using different principles.
- the present Invention is a supplement to these devices. It is primarily about recognizing low-current, non-high-current, errors aligned. Since there is agreement, that a current fault only occurs very rarely without a current fault would have preceded - assuming that the error originated in one shortage on the transformer side - is to be recognized with the invention of the low-current fault, the high-current errors can be avoided.
- US Patent 4,223,364 (Sangster) relates to gas cushioned transformers and states in the reasoning that the relationship between temperature and pressure in such Transformers do not exactly follow Boyle's law. It goes unmentioned that sun exposure the gas under the transformer cover heat up considerably and a considerable Internal pressure and thus a falsification of the expected relationships. The Interaction of the various factors is insufficient in their distorting effect considered. Not only is the gas cushion expanding due to the warming Liquid determined in its volume; the pressure is due to the self-heating of the gas in contact with the liquid, as well as external influences such as Sun exposure. The solubility of the gases contained in the gas cushion is also a problem Influencing factor.
- the present invention is intended to enable, in addition to high-current errors, to which the current-limiting fuses respond, even low-current faults in all Insulating liquids are recognized, which are known to be characterized in that one in them errors occurring causing a molecular transformation, the one related to the respective operating temperature disproportionate, pressure increase.
- the principle of action remains even with gases that dissolve relatively quickly; the time interval to is the response - especially in liquids where molecular transformations only associated with low fission gas formation - even if the total energy is the same Smaller fault currents with low fission gas formation are not only absolute, but also relative be larger than with larger fault currents.
- Numeral 1 denotes a floating piston, numeral 1a a bellows analogous to this. Floating pistons and bellows determine the direction of movement of the volume-dependent contact element A.
- Numeral 2 denotes a temperature-driven (temperature-dependent) component, for example a bimetal element, which is used for the direction of movement of the temperature-dependent contact element B in FIGS. 1 / H / i or B 1 and B 2 in FIGS other schematic drawings.
- Numeral 3 in Fig. 2 / E represents the connection to the expansion vessel.
- Numeral 4 in Fig. 3 / N 2 indicates an oil leak.
- Number 5 represents the transformer tank cover of a hermetic transformer.
- 1, 1 / H and 1 / H / i show the undisturbed operation of an alternately loaded transformer.
- the volume of the liquid is determined solely by the respective average temperature of the liquid; while maintaining the distances to B 1 and B 2, the contact element A moves upwards when heated and downwards when cooled.
- Fig. 1 / H / i causes the direction of equality of the two contact elements to the continuous contact between the two contact elements (in analogy state inversion, due to the I of the contact elements B 1 and B 2 ntegration in B).
- Fig. 2 / E and 2 / H of the accident fission gas formation due to leakage or arc is shown in each case: the temperature un-dependent increase in the volume causes contact, the contact elements A and B 1, whereby alarm is triggered or turned off, the transformer .
- Fig. 2 / E schematically illustrates the operation of a transformer with E xpansionsgefäß, Fig. 2 / H in H ermetiktransformator represents.
- FIG. 3 / N 2 and 3 / H the liquid loss fault is shown, with FIG. 3 / N 2 showing the mode of action in an nitrogen-loaded, FIG. 3 / H in an integrally filled hermetic transformer.
- the occurred due to oil leakage fluid loss, 3 / N 2 causes indicated by numeral 4 in Fig.
- Fig. 1 / H / i shows the constructive and the respective state of the contact elements defining a consequence of the I ntegration of the contact elements B 1 and B 2 in B.
- the float or floating piston 1 When the mean operating temperature and thus the liquid volume increase, the float or floating piston 1 is pushed upwards and pulls the contact plate (contact element A) upwards; at the same time, the rise in the mean operating temperature with the appropriate design and location of the bimetal element 2 causes the associated contact elements B 1 and B 2 to move upward at the same speed and while maintaining the spacing of the contact elements from one another.
- the bimetal temperature sensor 2 is therefore to be placed so that the temperature prevailing there is the average temperature of the insulating medium. If the average operating temperature falls, the process proceeds in the opposite direction (Fig. 1, Fig. 1 / H).
- the sensitivity of the temperature-related volume monitoring depends on whether the prevailing conditions are actually recorded. In particular, must be guaranteed be that the formation of fission gas increases in volume on the floating piston or the bellows bottom affects. In addition, false triggering caused by vibrations and changes the properties of the equipment (aging) can be excluded.
- a plunger actuated directly or indirectly by a movable piston in a gas cylinder could be used (applies to contact elements B 1 and B 2 , or B in FIG. 1 / H / i).
- vibration damping can be used to prevent false triggering caused by vibration be provided.
- vibrations from solids are in a liquid medium, unlike a gaseous medium, strong through the medium itself subdued.
- volume changes of the integrally filled hermetic transformer are only diagnostic then usable if either the volume changes are recorded as pressure changes or a constructive change is made to the temperature-dependent contact element provides a volume-dependent correspondence.
- a closed version of a bellows can also be used.
- the use of a tension and compression spring is not absolutely necessary in the case of a gas-tight bellows that remains in a vertical position, but because of the tendency of the gas to advance the volume expansion of the liquid, it has a compensatory and corrective-stabilizing effect and thus enables tighter tolerances.
- the Version with open bellows preferred Because of the possibility of slight adulteration of the gas expansion due to the influence of the Outside temperature and other disruptive elements, especially solar radiation, the Version with open bellows preferred.
- the opening must be protected against environmental influences, for example by placing a downward-curved and against the transformer cover sealed U-shaped tube.
- Transformers that are not integrally filled are generally characterized by low elasticity and plastic deformability. However, if plastic deformation occurs, it is because of the this results in an apparent re-calibration to avoid apparent liquid volume decrease unavoidable tripping.
- the ideal internal pressure variable hermetic transformer is not plastically deformable and unlimited elastically deformable. Plastic deformations can occur in real hermetic transformers due to overpressure and material fatigue. Plastic deformations apply generally considered irreversible. It is theoretically possible to close a hermetic transformer in this way fill so that there is overpressure at all temperatures. Plastic deformations limit the elastic deformability. They are basically undesirable and can be reduced to a minimum by appropriate design measures. It will in the following, however, because they are not excluded in principle can.
- the proportion of the transformer internal volume increase attributable to the plastic deformation causes a slight reduction in the target pressure. This depends on the type of construction and the load cycles. The more rigid the transformer, the less plastic and elastic deformation and the greater the pressure fluctuation. In a transformer in which, for example, the cooling fins and tank are made of die-cast aluminum and form a whole, the plastic deformation can be neglected. Plastic deformation is known to transformer operators; when it occurs, it requires refilling one or more times with small amounts of the respective insulating liquid in order to restore the target delivery pressure. (Normally this is not done, since the restoration of the delivery condition target pressure is only desirable for test purposes.) Therefore, the corrected target pressure curve p ' should be created depending on the plastic deformation.
- the corrected setpoint pressure curve describes the course of the transformer internal pressure as a function of the mean temperature of the insulating liquid and the elastic deformability of the transformer, the total volume increase as a result of the temperature increase being taken into account.
- the corrected desired pressure curve (p 'should) be determined empirically or (electronic) to create due to temperature-related pressure measurements over again when a drop in the actual pressure at the insufficiently compensated target pressure values gives (p set ⁇ p' to ⁇ p '' to , etc.). In practice, depending on the load cycle extremes and choice of materials, this case will occur rarely or frequently.
- the location and number of temperature measuring points must be empirically determined be determined, except in the event that the representativeness of the in the Thermometer pocket of the transformer or at another convenient location measured temperature is guaranteed for the average temperature of the insulating liquid. Under A correction factor must be taken into account under certain circumstances. The latter is type-specific and therefore only to be determined empirically. The smaller the transformer, the lower they are Differences in temperature in the liquid contained therein - sufficient possibility of convection provided.
- the temperature-related volume monitoring (claims 1 to 3) has compared to the conventional mechanical monitoring of pressure and / or temperature (e.g. patents from Smith and Sangster) do not derive from the fact of the purely mechanical functioning resulting disadvantage.
- the disadvantage is that of electronic metrology Method and the corresponding devices (claims 4 to 7), which are characterized in that automatically verified can be (claim 4).
- the automatic re-calibration which is repeated again and again, may only be carried out with a significant measurement Waste (significant in terms of measurement technology must be defined empirically) - not with an increase! - the measured and recalculated values below the theoretical (original) target pressure values take place - and only within arbitrarily defined limits, which result from empirical data obtained. Small leaks are caused by the temperature Pressure monitoring senses analog plastic deformations and causes an automatic subsequent verification. There is no re-calibration in the opposite direction. (In practice the use of hermetic transformers with so-called integral filling with high voltage 20kV has been shown to be at least due to partial discharges and transients Overvoltages did not cause fission gas to become significant in operational terms Pressure increase leads. It is therefore generally not of the possibility of Attachment of a gas collection container with pressure relief valve made use of.)
- a pressure increase of 0.1 bar in a hermetic transformer with a certain elasticity corresponds to a temperature increase of y K
- a pressure increase of 0.2 bar corresponds to a correspondingly greater temperature increase of 2 y K.
- these correspondences only apply to a very narrow pressure and temperature range, since the elasticity of the transformer, especially that of the integral one, is very limited.
- the volume of liquid is determined by the mean temperature, the choice of the cheapest measuring point depends on the design and the viscosity of the liquid and the plastic deformability is construction and material specific, the mean temperature and the plastic deformation can only be determined empirically .
- the representativity of the temperature measurement (e.g. thermometer pocket) must be considered Set-up of a target pressure curve can be checked.
- the delivery condition target pressure curve up to the tolerable internal pressure of assumed 1.2bar or 1.3bar (overpressure of 0.2-0.3 bar) with the simple means of Liquid heating and low external pressure are carried out.
- the each the prevailing external pressure should be slightly above the prevailing internal pressure.
- Example integrally filled stretchable transformers or hermetic transformers with gas cushion.
- a gradual pressure increase can be carried out the respective values without heating the liquid by adding the corresponding Amount of insulating liquid can be effected.
- the amount to be added is from thermal expansion coefficient determined. This requires the basis a temperature reference curve with entered values.
- transformers with one Membrane-wrapped gas cushion (balloon) may be a correction factor to take into account since the Heating of the liquid caused an uncompensated disproportionate pressure increase due to the causes greater expansion of the gas and this expansion component not by partial going into solution of the gas is partially compensated.
- the process of temperature-related pressure measurement is not only integral filled transformers but also possible for those with a gas cushion.
- they are restrictions listed above, especially sun exposure.
- For Avoid too frequent automatic re-calibration, which causes a leak Pretending that a vacuum is created by the partially dissolving gas is at It is advisable to fill the transformer equipped with a gas cushion as follows procedure: After the initial filling with a to achieve a high impregnation quality degassed insulating liquid, the transformer is emptied and with a buffer gas, It makes sense to refill nitrogen, saturated insulating liquid.
- An alternative to this the observance of a waiting period before the initial verification of a construction type to be carried out Only carry out calibration after gas saturation.
- the method described has a slight effect in the case of transformers with a gas cushion Inaccuracy factor due to the disproportionate expansion of the gas compared to the Fluid is conditional.
- this inaccuracy factor is not significant in terms of measurement technology; he is when the gas is in contact with the liquid, partly by the higher one Gas solubility compensated while increasing pressure and temperature.
- One through strong solar radiation caused expansion or the resulting pressure increase can, however, simulate a fault current. If this danger is there, the Mechanical variant of the invention, namely temperature-related liquid volume monitoring prove to be more reliable.
- the actual pressure is recorded and digitized using a pressure probe.
- the digitized value is compared with the associated digitized target pressure value compared. This comparison happens constantly, e.g. every 10 sec. If the actual pressure falls below the target pressure value, it takes place automatically Re-calibration of the target pressure value to compensate for the plastic deformation that has occurred or a possible loss of fluid.
- the once created and compensated for each time of measurement temperature-dependent target pressure curve (p 'should ⁇ p' 'should ⁇ p''' is intended, etc.) provides the reference values with which the actual values are compared. This is done by comparing the digitized values, either computer-dependent or independent.
- the pressure measurement is very reliable, the measurement accuracy is very high; Even inexpensive non-dedicated pressure gauges measure pressure changes of ⁇ 1mbar and use the measured values for digital display after conversion.
- the invention pursues the purpose of also and in particular detecting errors - in their non-mechanical design in hermetic transformers - to which the current-limiting fuses cannot respond. This also includes the nominal current ranges in which the current-limiting fuse does not work reliably.
- errors that are difficult to detect in particular such as a creeping turn short in a so-called gas dissolving or gas absorbing oil, can also be detected early and in particular in a hermetic transformer.
- Temperature-related pressure monitoring is provided in transformers loaded with gas cushion the possibility of increasing the pressure if the pressure does not depend on the liquid temperature Circumstances after the alarm has been given, the gas must be released non-selectively as it is above the temperature range the dew point of the gases in question is irrelevant whether the gas cover is made of pure nitrogen or consists of nitrogen enriched with fission gases. However, it must be ensured that no pressure increase due to external factors such as Solar radiation is caused, otherwise, after releasing gas, a leak would be simulated during the cooling cycle, or falsifying re-calibration would be made. When charged with gas cushion Transformers where exposure to the sun cannot be excluded is the Temperature-related pressure monitoring unsuitable.
- the liquid free of fission gas when filling will always have a higher flash point than that saturated with fission gases.
- the saturation limit for Fission gases depending on temperature.
- the formation of fission gases that are instantaneous in solution walking does not cause a measurable increase in pressure and is therefore not immediately detectable. This however, it is not relevant to loss prevention. That the temperature-related pressure monitoring for extremely low-energy faults works best in cracked gas-saturated medium therefore irrelevant. Escape of fission gases from the saturated liquid when cooling causes a spread between actual pressure values and target pressure values and thus if necessary, error message or shutdown.
- the temperature-related monitoring of the (Setpoint) volume or (setpoint) pressure prevents a dangerous drop in the flash point.
Description
Mit der Notwendigkeit, von Temperaturschwankungen der Umgebung verursachte Veränderungen, jedoch nicht eines zu überwachenden Mediums, sondern einer Druckdose, d.h. des Meßinstruments selbst zu kompensieren, beschäftigt sich eine in Dokument DE-A-41 01 718 (VDO SCHINDLING) beschriebene Erfindung, wo die temperaturbedingte Veränderung des Elastizitätsmoduls des thermoplastischen Werkstoffs einer Faltenbalg-Druckdose dadurch kompensiert wird, daß die bei erhöhter Umgebungstemperatur und erweichtem Kunststoff-Faltenbalg sonst zu früh erfolgende Berührung zweier Kontaktelemente durch ein eine Ablenkung verursachendes kompensatorisches Hilfsmittel, vorzugsweise einen Bimetallstreifen, verzögert wird.
Im US Patent 3,855,503 (Ristuccia), in dem eine zeitliche Verzögerung des Anstiegs der Temperaturkurve gegenüber der Druckkurve erwähnt wird, wird dieser Umstand nicht zur Fehlerdiagnose herangezogen. Die gemessenen Signale werden lediglich mit den jeweils zulässigen Bezugswerten verglichen, ohne daß die Druckwerte temperaturbezogen wären. Die Erklärung der von Ristuccia festgestellten Anomalie liegt in der mangelnden Repräsentativität des Meßpunktes: Ein Bezug von Hotspot-Temperaturmeßwerten auf den Solldruck wäre deshalb diagnostisch wenig sinnvoll.
Wie in der Erklärung zu Fig. 4, 5 und 6 des Patentes 3,855,503 weiter ausgeführt wird, geschieht die Messung von Druck und Temperatur unabhängig voneinander: Der jeweilige Druck wird nicht auf die jeweilige Temperatur bezogen.
Im US Patent 4,654,806 (Poyser et al.), das ein "microprocessor-based transformer monitoring system" beschreibt, werden einzelne Input-Parameter überwacht, d.h. mit "historischen" Werten verglichen. Auch hier wird nicht der jeweilige temperaturbezogene Istdruckwert mit einem temperaturbezogenen Solldruckwert verglichen. Die im vorhergehenden angeführten Patentschriften beziehen sich auf große Transformatoren mit Gaspolster.
Die im folgenden beschriebene Erfindung bezieht sich in ihrer nicht-mechanischen Variante hauptsächlich auf integral gefüllte Transformatoren. Die nicht-mechanische Variante (Ansprüche 4-7) kann in anderen Hermetiktransformatoren nur dann angewendet werden, wenn Fehlanzeigen bewirkende Einflüsse, wie z.B. starke Sonneneinstrahlung ausgeschlossen werden können.
Die beiden im vorhergehenden beschriebenen volumengetriebenen (volumenabhängigen) Kontaktelemente lassen sich in ein einziges Kontaktelement zusammenfassen, wenn zwei Bedingungen erfüllt werden:
Das druckgetriebene Kontaktelement berührt, so lange der Istdruck dem Solldruck annähernd gleich ist, das temperaturgetriebene Kontaktelement. Entspricht jedoch der Istdruck nicht dem Solldruck, was bei einem Fehler oder bei Eintreten eines Lecks der Fall ist, so wird der Kontakt unterbrochen, und es erfolgt Fehlermeldung bzw. Abschaltung. (Kontakt A verläßt die Kontaktfläche B.)
Diese Ausführung stellt funktional gewissermaßen die Photonegativ-Entsprechung der vorher beschriebenen Ausführung dar: Im ersten Fall ist der ungestörte Betrieb durch die Unmöglichkeit des In-Berührung-Bringens des volumenabhängigen Kontaktelements mit einem der temperaturabhängigen Kontaktelemente, im zweiten Fall durch die Unmöglichkeit der Unterbrechung des bestehenden Kontakts gekennzeichnet.
- NB:
- Theoretisch ist es möglich, daß ein lange anhaltender extrem stromschwacher Fehler "postum" angezeigt wird, nämlich dann, wenn die Flüssigkeit mit einem Spaltgas saturiert ist und dieses beim Abkühlen aus der Flüssigkeit austritt. Diese Möglichkeit ist von erheblicher schadenverhütender Bedeutung (schleichender, nicht eskalierender, Windungsschluß).
Claims (7)
- Vorrichtung zur auf die jeweilige mittlere Temperatur des flüssigen Isoliermediums bezogenen Volumenüberwachung mit mechanischen Mitteln zur Erkennung von inneren Fehlern in elektrischen Maschinen, insbesondere Transformatoren, sowie von Undichtigkeiten, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß ein temperaturabhängiges Kontaktelement (B) einerseits und ein volumenabhängiges Kontaktelement (A) andererseits in ihrer Stellung zueinander durch die Temperatur des flüssigen Isoliermediums einerseits und durch das Volumen des Isoliermediums andererseits in der Weise verändert werden, daß bei Änderung der Temperatur des Isoliermediums und dadurch bedingter Volumenveränderung die Abstände der beiden Kontaktelemente (A, B) gleich bleiben, aber bei über die temperaturabhängige Änderung hinausgehender Veränderung des Volumens des Isoliermediums sich so zu einander verändern, daß die Veränderung des Abstands in der Bewegungsrichtung der temperatur- und volumenabhängigen Kontaktelemente zueinander entweder einen Kontakt bewirkt und einen Stromkreis schließt oder, bei entsprechender Ausführung der Kontaktelemente, einen bestehenden Kontakt unterbricht, wodurch in jedem Fall der gestörte Betrieb als solcher angezeigt und die Auslösung eines Alarms oder die Abschaltung des Transformators oder beides bewirkt wird. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß bei einer durch die Erhöhung bzw. Erniedrigung der mittleren Flüssigkeitstemperatur bedingten Zunahme bzw. Abnahme des Flüssigkeitsvolumens drei Kontaktelemente (A, B1, B2) - davon entweder zwei fest miteinander verbundene und temperaturgetriebene (B1, B2) sowie ein volumengetriebenes Element (A) oder, bei umgekehrter Ausfüdhrung, zwei fest miteinander verbundene und volumengetriebene und ein temperaturgetriebenes Element - sich bei ungestörtem Betrieb unter Beibehaltung der zwischen ihnen bestehenden Abstände in die gleiche Richtung bewegen und, bei Störung des Verhältnisses durch Spaltgasbildung oder Flüssigkeitsverlust, der Abstand zwischen den Kontaktelementen sich in der Weise verändert, daß je nach Störungsursache ein Kontakt zwischen zwei Kontaktelementen (A/B1;A/B2) entsteht, von denen jeweils eines temperaturgetrieben, das andere volumengetrieben ist, und durch die so erfolgte Schließung des vorher unterbrochenen Stromkreises ein Alarm ausgelöst oder die Abschaltung des Transformators oder beides bewirkt wird. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß entweder das temperaturabhängige (B) oder das volumenabhängige Kontaktelement (A) oder beide als in Bewegungsrichtung bestrichene Kontaktzonen ausgebildet sind und bei ungestörtem Betrieb der Kontakt zwischen temperaturabhängigem und volumenabhängigem Kontaktelement aufrechterhalten bleibt, im Störfall jedoch der Kontakt abreißt und dadurch Alarmauslösung oder Abschaltung oder beides erfolgt. - Verfahren zur manometrischen oder manometrisch-elektronischen Ermittlung und diagnostischen Nutzung des Phänomens der Bildung von Spaltgasen, die durch Teilentladungen, einen elektrischen Fehler oder extreme Überlast und Hotspots in einer Isolierflüssigkeit entstehen, in elektrischen Geräten, insbesondere Transformatoren in Hermetik-Bauweise, zur Feststellung von Fehlern und zu deren Anzeige und/oder zur Abschaltung des Geräts, wobei die Temperatur und der manometrisch erfaßte Druck der Isolierflüssigkeit gemessen werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß eine temperaturbezogene Solldruckkurve auf manometrisch-elektronischem Weg erstellt wird, die den Verlauf des Drucks der Isolierflüssigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen mittleren Temperatur der Isolierflüssigkeit angibt und dazu eingesetzt wird, durch Vergleich mit der temperaturbezogenen Istdruckkurve eine überproportionale d.h. über die temperaturabhängige Änderung hinausgehende Veränderung des Drucks der Isolierflüssigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen mittleren Temperatur der Isolierflüssigkeit in Form eines Ansteigens des Drucks, ob langsam oder plötzlich, sowie eines plötzlichen Abfallens, als Störfall in Erscheinung treten zu lassen. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Häufigkeit der in einem Zeitraum erfolgten Nacheichungen erfaßt wird und durch deren Anzeige auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Vorliegens einer nicht tolerierbaren Undichtigkeit aufmerksam gemacht wird. - Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 4, gekennzeichnet durchMittel zum Erfassen der Temperatur und zum manometrischen Erfassen des Drucks der Isolierflüssigkeit,Mittel zum Speichern der auf manometrisch-elektronischem Weg erstellten temperaturbezogenen Solldruckkurve,Mittel zum Vergleichen der Solldruckkurve mit der temperaturbezogenen Istdruckkurve, undMittel zur Feststellung von Fehlern und Undichtigkeiten und deren Anzeige und/oder zur Abschaltung des überwachten Geräts, wenn eine überproportionale d.h. über die temperaturabhängige Änderung hinausgehende Veränderung des Drucks der Isolierflüssigkeit in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen mittleren Temperatur der Isolierflüssigkeit in Form eines Ansteigens des Drucks, ob langsam oder plötzlich, sowie eines plötzlichen Abfallens, einen Störfall erkennen läßt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Häufigkeit der in einem Zeitraum erfolgten Nacheichungen erfaßt wird und durch deren Anzeige auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Vorliegens einer nicht tolerierbaren Undichtigkeit aufmerksam gemacht wird.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT96100103T ATE171314T1 (de) | 1996-01-05 | 1996-01-05 | Überwachung der spaltgasbildung in transformatoren |
DE59600566T DE59600566D1 (de) | 1996-01-05 | 1996-01-05 | Überwachung der Spaltgasbildung in Transformatoren |
EP96100103A EP0783198B1 (de) | 1996-01-05 | 1996-01-05 | Überwachung der Spaltgasbildung in Transformatoren |
US08/771,842 US5900538A (en) | 1996-01-05 | 1996-12-23 | Monitoring of decomposition gases in transformers by referencing volume or pressure to temperature |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP96100103A EP0783198B1 (de) | 1996-01-05 | 1996-01-05 | Überwachung der Spaltgasbildung in Transformatoren |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP0783198A1 EP0783198A1 (de) | 1997-07-09 |
EP0783198B1 true EP0783198B1 (de) | 1998-09-16 |
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EP96100103A Expired - Lifetime EP0783198B1 (de) | 1996-01-05 | 1996-01-05 | Überwachung der Spaltgasbildung in Transformatoren |
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US (1) | US5900538A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0783198B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE171314T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59600566D1 (de) |
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DE10118875C1 (de) * | 2001-04-18 | 2002-09-12 | Eppendorf Ag | Verfahren zum kontrollierten Dosieren von Flüssigkeiten unter Verdrängung eines Gaspolsters |
CZ292922B6 (cs) * | 2001-07-23 | 2004-01-14 | Josef Ing. Altmann | Zařízení pro snížení kontaminace olejových náplní transformátorů plyny a vodou |
CA2364277A1 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2003-06-05 | Ioan A. Sabau | Method and apparatus for decreasing gassing and decay of insulating oil in transformers |
WO2005043033A1 (de) * | 2003-10-17 | 2005-05-12 | L'AIR LIQUIDE Société Anonyme à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation | Verfahren zur gasbefüllung von druckgefässen |
ATE435996T1 (de) * | 2003-12-19 | 2009-07-15 | Messer Group Gmbh | Verfahren zur gasbefüllung von druckgasbehältern |
EP1905053A1 (de) * | 2005-07-17 | 2008-04-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Hermetisch abgeschlossener elektrischer apparat |
ATE504843T1 (de) * | 2008-12-05 | 2011-04-15 | Abb Technology Ltd | Durchführungsdiagnose |
PL2688081T3 (pl) * | 2012-07-20 | 2016-06-30 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Urządzenie zabezpieczające dla transformatora mocy i powiązany transformator mocy wykorzystujący takie urządzenie zabezpieczające |
DE102015204431A1 (de) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-09-15 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung einer Ölfüllung eines Leistungstransformators |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4148086A (en) * | 1977-06-07 | 1979-04-03 | Landa Mikhail L | Device for overload protection of electric apparatus |
US4223364A (en) * | 1978-05-25 | 1980-09-16 | Sangster Harold L | Pressure and temperature responsive protective devices |
US4654806A (en) * | 1984-03-30 | 1987-03-31 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Method and apparatus for monitoring transformers |
US4823224A (en) * | 1988-01-21 | 1989-04-18 | Qualitrol Corporation | Rapid pressure rise circuit |
US4908730A (en) * | 1988-10-14 | 1990-03-13 | Kearney | Surge arrester with shunt gap |
DE4101718A1 (de) * | 1991-01-22 | 1992-07-23 | Vdo Schindling | Druckschalter |
US5281955A (en) * | 1991-09-20 | 1994-01-25 | C & D Charter Power Systems, Inc. | Battery charge monitoring apparatus and method |
-
1996
- 1996-01-05 EP EP96100103A patent/EP0783198B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-01-05 DE DE59600566T patent/DE59600566D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-01-05 AT AT96100103T patent/ATE171314T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-23 US US08/771,842 patent/US5900538A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59600566D1 (de) | 1998-10-22 |
ATE171314T1 (de) | 1998-10-15 |
US5900538A (en) | 1999-05-04 |
EP0783198A1 (de) | 1997-07-09 |
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