EP0780656B1 - Wärmetauscher - Google Patents
Wärmetauscher Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0780656B1 EP0780656B1 EP96119514A EP96119514A EP0780656B1 EP 0780656 B1 EP0780656 B1 EP 0780656B1 EP 96119514 A EP96119514 A EP 96119514A EP 96119514 A EP96119514 A EP 96119514A EP 0780656 B1 EP0780656 B1 EP 0780656B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- tube
- tubes
- protective
- tube plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/002—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using inserts or attachments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
- F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0229—Double end plates; Single end plates with hollow spaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
- F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
- F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
- F28F9/185—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding with additional preformed parts
Definitions
- the invention relates in particular to the use of waste heat in the chemical industry Industry-specific heat exchangers with at least their ends in holes a tube plate pressure-tightly attached heat exchanger tubes made of ferritic Material in a heat exchanger housing through which a cooling medium flows are arranged, the at least in the high temperature range Heat exchanger tubes each have a protective tube made of insensitive to embrittlement Material, for example chrome nickel steel is arranged.
- EP 0 042 028 shows a heat exchanger in which the heat exchanger tubes are welded on one side to a tube sheet, the tube opening with a aligned bore in the tube sheet.
- the heat exchanger tubes are included made of a ferritic steel.
- each tube sheet hole is coated made of nitride-resistant material.
- nitride-resistant material According to one embodiment can be made of a nitride-resistant material Protective sleeve through the hole in the tube sheet through to the heat exchanger tube be introduced. Between the pipe bore and the wall of the The protective sleeve is left in a cavity filled with a heat insulating material.
- DE 1 958 566 describes a heat exchanger for use in chemical processes is known in which the heat exchanger tubes in holes in a base plate are set. To avoid thermal stress is in the area the bottom plate inserted into each heat exchanger tube, wherein between the wall of the inner tube and the wall of the heat exchanger tube in the area of the tube sheet, a space filled with a thermal insulation material is left.
- US 4,368,571 shows a method for repairing a damaged pipe in a steam generator of a nuclear power plant, being in the area of the damaged area introduced a repair sleeve and countered by hydraulic expansion the inner wall of the heat exchanger tube is pressed leak-tight.
- the invention has for its object to protect the heat exchanger tubes made of ferritic material of such heat exchangers from embrittlement and the tube plate from thermal shock loads.
- each protective tube is fastened by hydraulic expansion in the area of the tube plate in the heat exchanger tube and that in the inlet area of the protective tubes there is in each case an additional insert tube, provided on the outside with insulation, made of material which is insensitive to embrittlement, for example chromium-nickel steel is arranged, which is fixed outside of the tube plate by hydraulic expansion on the protective tube.
- protective tubes made of brittle-insensitive material, For example, chrome nickel steel will diffuse the gas molecules heat-emitting medium in the ferritic material of the heat exchanger tubes prevented so that they are effectively protected against embrittlement.
- By hydraulic expansion of the protective tubes in the area of the tube plate this in a particularly simple but effective manner in the respective heat exchanger tube attached.
- To the tube plate of the heat exchanger during the on and Shutdown processes of the heat exchanger before thermal shock-like loads Protection is an additional one in the entrance area of the protective tubes, on his Insulated insert tube made of insensitive to embrittlement on the outside Material, such as chrome nickel steel, arranged outside the tube plate is fixed by hydraulic expansion on the protective tube.
- the heat exchanger tubes can also be hydraulic in a manner known per se Widening can be fixed in the tube plate. This ensures reliable Attachment of the heat exchanger tubes in the tube plate without one According to a further feature of the invention, the front ends of the heat exchanger tubes with the pipe plate sealing weld seam with axial Pipe forces is loaded.
- the protective tubes in the Hydraulic expansion area of the heat exchanger tubes expanded hydraulically, this expansion process of the heat exchanger tubes on the one hand and the Protection tubes, on the other hand, either simultaneously or in succession can be done.
- the insulation of the insert tubes preferably has at least the thickness of the Pipe plate corresponding axial extension.
- the protective tubes and the insert tubes protrude on the inflow side out of the tube plate and the heat exchanger tubes and are attached at their ends to an intermediate floor of an entry collector, preferably by welding. In this way, an additional backup can be made achieve the tube plate against an excessive temperature load.
- the tube plate can be clad on the inflow side made of material that is insensitive to embrittlement, e.g. chrome nickel steel in order to apply hot gas directly to the tube plate Avoid embrittlement of the tube plate.
- material that is insensitive to embrittlement e.g. chrome nickel steel
- the heat exchanger shown only schematically in FIG. 1, for example used for waste heat in the chemical industry, comprises a gas line 1 from which the nitrogen-containing gas G h, for example 480 ° C., is fed to an inlet collector 2. From this inlet header 2, the hot gas G h enters heat exchanger tubes 3, which are U-shaped in the exemplary embodiment and are pressure-tightly fastened in a tube plate 4 with both ends.
- the heat exchanger tubes 3 are surrounded by a housing 5 which is provided with connections (not shown in the drawing) for the supply and discharge of a medium which absorbs heat from the hot gas G h .
- the upstream ends 3a of the heat exchanger tubes 3 protrude from the tube plate 4. They are fastened in a pressure-tight manner in a wall of the inlet header 2 to be regarded as an intermediate floor 2a to the tube plate 4, so that the hot gas G h enters the ends 3a of the heat exchanger tubes 3 from the inlet header 2.
- the hot gas G h flows through the heat exchanger tubes 3 arranged in the housing 5, heat is extracted from the gas, so that in the selected exemplary embodiment it leaves the heat exchanger tubes 3 ending on the underside of the tube plate 4, for example at a temperature of 330 ° C.
- This cooled gas G k is symbolized by an arrow in FIG. 1.
- embrittlement favored by the high temperatures to prevent the heat exchanger tubes 3 made of ferritic material is, as can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, in the high temperature range of the heat exchanger tubes 3 a protective tube 6 is arranged in each heat exchanger tube 3, that is made of a material that is insensitive to embrittlement, for example chrome nickel steel consists.
- This protective tube 6 is in the area of the tube plate 4 by hydraulic Widening in the respective heat exchanger tube 3 attached.
- the heat exchanger tubes 3 by hydraulic Widening into corresponding annular recesses in the holes the tube plate 4 attached to this.
- the resulting annular Recesses inside the heat exchanger tubes 3 were made for the hydraulic Widening the protective tubes 6 used.
- the hydraulic expansion of the one hand Heat exchanger tubes 3 and on the other hand, the protective tubes 6 can be consecutive in time or take place simultaneously.
- Protective tubes 6 made of material that is insensitive to embrittlement will Diffusion of gas molecules of the heat-emitting medium, in particular one nitrogenous gas in the ferritic material of the heat exchanger tubes 3 prevented, so that they are effectively protected against embrittlement.
- the axial The length of the protective tubes 6 essentially depends on the temperature profile in axial direction of the heat exchanger tubes 3 and thus the intensity of the cooling the heat exchanger tubes 3. In the illustrated embodiment, the Cooling so intense that the protective tubes 6 with only a slight axial Extend beyond the tube plate 4 on the downstream side.
- an additional, Insert tube 10 provided on its outside with insulation 9 arranged, which also consists of an embrittlement-insensitive material.
- insulation 9 preferably extends at least over an axial length corresponding to the thickness of the tube plate 4.
- the tube plate 4 is, as can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, a cladding on the inflow side 4a provided.
- this is a with ferritic material weldable material, so that between plating 4a and the end face of each heat exchanger tube 3 a sealing weld 8 placed can be. Due to the definition of the heat exchanger tube 3 on the tube plate 4 by hydraulic expansion, this is particularly the better seal Serving sealing weld 8 relieved of axial pipe forces.
- the protective tubes 6 protrude on the inflow side out of the tube plate 4.
- This upstream ends 6a of the Protective tubes 6 are attached to an intermediate floor 2a, which is part according to FIG. 1 an entry collector 2 can be.
- the attachment of the protective tube 6 to the intermediate floor 2a is pressure-tight in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 a weld seam 7.
- Figure 2 shows a manufacturing stage before insertion of the additional tube 10 provided with the insulation 9 into the protective tube 6.
- the tube plate 4 is on the inflow side provided with a cladding 4a between and the heat exchanger tube 3 a sealing weld 8 is placed in each case.
- a sealing weld 8 is placed in each case.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung eines kompletten Wärmetauschers,
- Fig. 2
- Ausführungsbeispiel anhand eines Schnittes durch ein in der Rohrplatte druckdicht befestigtes Wärmetauscherrohr mit Schutzrohr, vor dem Einsetzen eines Einsatzrohres und
- Fig. 3
- eine der Fig. 2 entsprechende Schnittdarstellung des Ausführungsbeispiels mit in das Schutzrohr eingefügtem Einsatzrohr.
- 1
- Gasleitung
- 2
- Eintrittsammler
- 2a
- Zwischenboden
- 3
- Wärmetauscherrohr
- 3a
- zustömseitiges Ende
- 4
- Rohrplatte
- 4a
- Plattierung
- 5
- Gehäuse
- 6
- Schutzrohr
- 6a
- zuströmseitiges Ende
- 7
- Schweißnaht
- 8
- Dichtschweißnaht
- 9
- Isolierung
- 10
- Einsatzrohr
- Ga
- heißes Gas
- Gk
- abgekühltes Gas
Claims (7)
- Wärmetauscher, insbesondere zur Abwärmenutzung in der chemischen Industrie, mit an ihren Enden in Bohrungen mindestens einer Rohrplatte druckdicht befestigten Wärmetauscherrohren (3) aus ferritischem Werkstoff, die in einem von einem Kühlmedium durchflossenen Wärmetauschergehäuse (5) angeordnet sind, wobei zumindest im hohen Temperaturbereich der Wärmetauscherrohre (3) jeweils ein Schutzrohr (6) aus versprödungsunempfindlichem Material, beispielsweise Chromnickelstahl angeordnet ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Schutzrohr (6) durch hydraulisches Aufweiten im Bereich der Rohrplatte (4) im Wärmetauscherrohr (3) befestigt ist und, daß im Eintrittsbereich der Schutzrohre (6) jeweils ein zusätzliches, auf seiner Außenseite mit einer Isolierung (9) versehenes Einsatzrohr (10) aus versprödungsunempfindlichem Material, beispielsweise Chromnickelstahl angeordnet ist, das außerhalb der Rohrplatte (4) durch hydraulisches Aufweiten am Schutzrohr (6) festgelegt ist. - Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Isolierung (9) eine mindestens der Dicke der Rohrplatte (4) entsprechende axiale Erstreckung hat.
- Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die stirnseitigen Enden der Wärmetauscherrohre (3) mit der Rohrplatte (4) durch eine Dichtschweißnaht (8) verbunden sind.
- Wärmetauscher nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmetauscherrohre (3) durch hydraulisches Aufweiten in der Rohrplatte (4) befestigt sind.
- Wärmetauscher nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schutzrohre (6) im Bereich der hydraulischen Aufweitung der Wärmetauscherrohre (3) hydraulisch aufgeweitet sind.
- Wärmetauscher nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schutzrohre (6) und die Einsatzrohre (10) einströmseitig aus der Rohrplatte (4) und den Wärmetauscherrohren (3) herausragen und mit diesem Ende an einem Zwischenboden (2a) eines Eintrittsammlers (2) befestigt sind.
- Wärmetauscher nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rohrplatte (4) einströmseitig mit einer Plattierung (4a) versehen ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19548688 | 1995-12-23 | ||
DE19548688A DE19548688C2 (de) | 1995-12-23 | 1995-12-23 | Wärmetauscher zum Kühlen von stickstoffhaltigem Gas hoher Temperatur |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0780656A2 EP0780656A2 (de) | 1997-06-25 |
EP0780656A3 EP0780656A3 (de) | 1998-11-18 |
EP0780656B1 true EP0780656B1 (de) | 2002-05-29 |
Family
ID=7781383
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96119514A Expired - Lifetime EP0780656B1 (de) | 1995-12-23 | 1996-12-05 | Wärmetauscher |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0780656B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH09178393A (de) |
DE (2) | DE19548688C2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4600041B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-29 | 2010-12-15 | 洋一 広瀬 | 冷却装置及びストリップキャスティング装置並びにネオジウム系焼結磁石用合金鋳造薄片の冷却方法 |
AU2006331887B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2011-06-09 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Corrosion resistant material for reduced fouling, heat transfer component with improved corrosion and fouling resistance, and method for reducing fouling |
US8201619B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2012-06-19 | Exxonmobil Research & Engineering Company | Corrosion resistant material for reduced fouling, a heat transfer component having reduced fouling and a method for reducing fouling in a refinery |
US8349267B2 (en) | 2007-10-05 | 2013-01-08 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Crude oil pre-heat train with improved heat transfer |
JP5868761B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-29 | 2016-02-24 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 拡管方法 |
EP2881691A1 (de) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-10 | Balcke-Dürr GmbH | Wärmeüberträger mit Rohrscheibe und eingeschobener Hülse |
CN105634836B (zh) | 2014-10-27 | 2020-03-17 | 香港理工大学 | 信息处理方法及装置 |
PL3355022T3 (pl) * | 2017-01-31 | 2020-03-31 | Alfa Laval Corporate Ab | Urządzenie i metoda chronienia ściany sitowej kotła z pętlą na gaz syntezowy |
JP7319139B2 (ja) * | 2019-08-26 | 2023-08-01 | 株式会社アルバック | 配管構造体及び熱交換器 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1141239A (en) * | 1967-03-16 | 1969-01-29 | Charles B Maretzo | Insert constructions for tubes of heat exchangers and condensers |
US3592261A (en) * | 1968-11-25 | 1971-07-13 | Lummus Co | Heat exchanger |
GB1323885A (en) * | 1970-01-21 | 1973-07-18 | Clonsast Ltd | Methods of making heat exchangers |
DE3022480A1 (de) * | 1980-06-14 | 1982-01-07 | Uhde Gmbh, 4600 Dortmund | Vorrichtung zum waermetausch zwischen einen nh (pfeil abwaerts)3(pfeil abwaerts) -konverter verlassendem kreislaufgas und wasser |
US4368571A (en) * | 1980-09-09 | 1983-01-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Sleeving method |
US4505017A (en) * | 1982-12-15 | 1985-03-19 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Method of installing a tube sleeve |
DE3822808C2 (de) * | 1988-07-06 | 1993-12-23 | Balcke Duerr Ag | Wärmetauscher mit zwischen zwei Rohrplatten angeordneten Wärmetauscherrohren |
-
1995
- 1995-12-23 DE DE19548688A patent/DE19548688C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-12-05 DE DE59609262T patent/DE59609262D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-05 EP EP96119514A patent/EP0780656B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-12 JP JP8359366A patent/JPH09178393A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59609262D1 (de) | 2002-07-04 |
EP0780656A3 (de) | 1998-11-18 |
DE19548688C2 (de) | 1999-04-08 |
EP0780656A2 (de) | 1997-06-25 |
JPH09178393A (ja) | 1997-07-11 |
DE19548688A1 (de) | 1997-06-26 |
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