EP0777159A2 - Entwicklungsgerät und mit diesem Entwicklungsgerät versehendes Bilderzeugungsgerät - Google Patents

Entwicklungsgerät und mit diesem Entwicklungsgerät versehendes Bilderzeugungsgerät Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0777159A2
EP0777159A2 EP96308575A EP96308575A EP0777159A2 EP 0777159 A2 EP0777159 A2 EP 0777159A2 EP 96308575 A EP96308575 A EP 96308575A EP 96308575 A EP96308575 A EP 96308575A EP 0777159 A2 EP0777159 A2 EP 0777159A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
developing roller
toner
developing device
photosensitive drum
developing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP96308575A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hiroyuki Hazama
Masaru Watanabe
Takashi Terada
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kyocera Mita Industrial Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Mita Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mita Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Mita Industrial Co Ltd
Publication of EP0777159A2 publication Critical patent/EP0777159A2/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0806—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller
    • G03G15/0808—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller characterised by the developer supplying means, e.g. structure of developer supply roller
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0806—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller
    • G03G15/0818—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller characterised by the structure of the donor member, e.g. surface properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/06—Developing
    • G03G13/08—Developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0806—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller
    • G03G15/0817—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller characterised by the lateral sealing at both sides of the donor member with respect to the developer carrying direction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/0821—Developers with toner particles characterised by physical parameters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
    • G03G21/16—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements
    • G03G21/1642—Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements for connecting the different parts of the apparatus
    • G03G21/1647—Mechanical connection means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/06—Developing structures, details
    • G03G2215/0602—Developer
    • G03G2215/0604—Developer solid type
    • G03G2215/0614—Developer solid type one-component
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/08—Details of powder developing device not concerning the development directly
    • G03G2215/0855—Materials and manufacturing of the developing device
    • G03G2215/0858—Donor member
    • G03G2215/0861—Particular composition or materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a developing device applicable to an image forming apparatus such as an electrostatic process copying machine, a printer or a facsimile, and an image forming apparatus to which the developing device is applied. More particularly, it relates to a developing device of a contact development type using as a developer non-magnetic monocomponent toner.
  • An electrostatic process image forming apparatus using as a developer non-magnetic monocomponent toner has been conventionally known.
  • a contact development type has generally been employed, in that a developing roller is used for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on a photosensitive drum and is brought into contact with the surface of the photosensitive drum.
  • the toner adhering on the peripheral surface of the developing roller is not attracted to the developing roller by a magnetic force.
  • the toner in contact with the peripheral surface of the developing roller only adheres on the peripheral surface of the developing roller upon being triboelectrically charged by the rotation of the developing roller. Therefore, toner particles, which cannot adhere on both ends of the developing roller, of the toner, triboelectrically charged from both the ends of the developing roller, are blown out of a developing housing.
  • the ends of the developing roller are directly brought into contact with the surface of the photosensitive drum with no toner interposed therebetween.
  • a thin-layer blade for regulating the amount of toner adhering on the peripheral surface of the developing roller is generally brought into contact with the developing roller. Accordingly, portions, on which no toner adheres, of both the ends of the developing roller are also directly brought into contact with the thin-layer blade.
  • the developing roller Since the developing roller is generally made of rubber, the coefficient of friction on the peripheral surface thereof is high. If the developing roller is so constructed that both the ends thereof are directly brought into contact with the photosensitive drum, therefore, large torque is required to rotate the developing roller. In other words, a large motor is required to rotate the developing roller. Further, when torque produced by the motor is insufficient, the rotation of the developing roller is swayed, thereby adversely affecting development. Therefore, there arise some problems. For example, a formed image is distorted.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide, in a developing device using as a developer non-magnetic monocomponent toner for performing contact development using a developing roller, a developing device capable of miniaturizing the motor for rotating the developing roller and performing good development.
  • the present invention provides an image forming apparatus using the developing device.
  • the present invention is characterized in that in a developing device of a contact development type, using as a developer non-magnetic monocomponent toner, for bringing a developing roller having the toner adhering on its peripheral surface into contact with the surface of a photosensitive drum, the coefficient of surface dynamic friction ⁇ of the developing roller against the surface of the photosensitive member satisfies the following relationship: 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2.5
  • the coefficient of surface dynamic friction ⁇ of the developing roller is set in the above-mentioned range, whereby good development can be performed, and driving torque produced by the developing roller is not increased.
  • the present invention is characterized in that in the above-mentioned developing device, the apparent density (AD) of toner to be used satisfies the following relationship: 0.25 (g/cc) ⁇ AD ⁇ 0.55 (g/cc)
  • the developing performance can be kept good, and the rotation of the developing roller can be prevented from being swayed.
  • the rotation of the developing roller may, in some cases, be swayed even when the coefficient of surface dynamic friction ⁇ of the developing roller is maintained in the above-mentioned range.
  • AD apparent density
  • a developing device capable of reliably attaining the initial object can be achieved by setting the apparent density (AD) of the toner to be used in the above-mentioned range in addition to setting the coefficient of surface dynamic friction ⁇ of the developing roller in the above-mentioned range.
  • AD apparent density
  • “Apparent density” is determined based on the volume including voids in the toner as well as the toner itself, as compared to a measurement of "density” determined based on the volume of toner itself excluding voids therein.
  • the present invention in the developing device of a contact development type using as a developer non-magnetic monocomponent toner and using the developing roller, driving torque for rotating the developing roller can be decreased, whereby the driving motor can be miniaturized, and made low in cost. Further, in such a developing device, development can be prevented from being non-uniform.
  • a clean image can be formed.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the construction of an image forming apparatus to which one embodiment of the present invention is applied.
  • the image forming apparatus comprises a photosensitive drum 11.
  • the photosensitive drum 11 is rotated at predetermined speed in a direction indicated by an arrow 12.
  • a main charger 13, an exposing unit 10, a developing device 14 according to one embodiment of the present invention, a transfer roller 15, and a brush 16 are successively arranged in the direction of rotation as indicated by the arrow 12 around the photosensitive drum 11.
  • the main charger 13 is a discharger for charging the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 to a predetermined high potential (for example, + 800 V).
  • the main charger 13 comprises a discharge wire 17 and a shielding case 18.
  • a voltage from a high-voltage DC unit 19 is applied to the discharge wire 17.
  • a grid 21 connected to a voltage regulating diode 20 is provided in an opening opposite to the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 of the shielding case 18 in order to control the potential discharged from the discharge wire 17.
  • the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 is charged to a predetermined high potential by being opposite to the main charger 13. A charged region is moved in a clockwise direction as the photosensitive drum 11 is rotated. The charged surface of the photosensitive drum 11 is exposed to light produced on the basis of image data outputted from the exposing unit 10. A portion exposed to light is made low in potential upon emission of charge in the portion. Consequently, an electrostatic latent image comprising a high potential area and a low potential area is formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 11.
  • the electrostatic latent image When the electrostatic latent image reaches the developing device 14 upon further rotation of the photosensitive drum 11, the electrostatic latent image is developed into a toner image by the developing device 14.
  • the developing device 14 comprises a housing 22, an agitating blade 23 provided in the housing 22, a sub-roller 24, a developing roller 25 so arranged as to be in contact with the sub-roller 24 and the photosensitive drum 11, a thin-layer blade 26 so arranged as to be in contact with the peripheral surface of the developing roller, and a sealing member 42 as described later (indicated by a one-dot and dash line).
  • Non-magnetic monocomponent toner is used as the toner.
  • the toner does not include a so-called carrier.
  • the agitating blade 23 is for agitating the toner in the housing 22 to uniformly supply the toner to the sub-roller 24 and the developing roller 25.
  • the sub-roller 24 and the developing roller 25 are respectively rotated in directions indicated by arrows 28 and 29, and the toner is electrostatically adsorbed to their peripheral surfaces upon being triboelectrically charged by the rotation.
  • the sub-roller 24 is provided in order to triboelectrically charge the toner more effectively.
  • the toner adhering on the peripheral surface of the developing roller 25 is brought into a thin layer by the thin-layer blade 26. Consequently, the toner adhering on the peripheral surface of the developing roller 25 reaches uniformity, whereby the toner is prevented from being non-uniformly transferred to the photosensitive drum 11. Further, the developing roller 25 is so rotated that its peripheral speed is higher than the peripheral speed of the photosensitive drum 11 so that the transferred toner is not insufficient.
  • predetermined bias voltages are respectively applied to the sub-roller 24 and the developing roller 25.
  • a bias voltage of + 300 V for example, is applied by a DC power supply 27. Consequently, suitable development is performed.
  • the surface potential of the photosensitive drum 11 is a low potential VL in an exposed region, while being a high potential VH in an unexposed region.
  • the developing roller 25 is charged to a positive potential VM by the developing bias voltage.
  • the potential VM at the developing roller 25 (for example, + 300 V) is made lower than the high potential VH (for example, + 800 V) in the unexposed region on the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 and higher than the low potential VL (for example, + 100 V) in the exposed region. Accordingly, the toner adhering on the surface of the developing roller 25 is electrostatically adsorbed on only the exposed region on the surface of the photosensitive drum 11, whereby development is performed.
  • Paper is fed from a conveying path (not shown) as the leading end of a toner image on the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 is opposite to the transfer roller 15, and the paper is passed between the photosensitive drum 11 and the transfer drum 15.
  • the transfer roller 15 is connected to a high-voltage DC unit 30, and a negative potential is applied thereto. Therefore, paper whose reverse surface is brought into contact with the transfer roller 15 is charged to the negative potential. The toner on the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 positively charged is transferred to the paper negatively charged.
  • the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 after the transfer should ideally enter a state where no toner exists, it is actually in a state where some residual toner which has not been transferred adheres thereto. Further, paper is brought into contact with the surface of the photosensitive drum 11, whereby paper powder or the like resulting from the paper, together with the residual toner, also adheres on the surface of the photosensitive drum 11.
  • the brush 16 When a region, on which the residual toner adheres, of the photosensitive drum 11 passes through the brush 16, the residual toner is scratched by the tip of the brush 16, whereby electrostatic coupling between the residual toner and the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 is weakened. Further, in order that electrostatic coupling be weakened electrically too, the brush 16 is biased with predetermined current by a constant-current power supply 31. The bias helps the brush 16 to adsorb the paper powder adhering on the surface of the photosensitive drum 11, and prevents the toner erroneously adhering on the brush 16 from being adsorbed by the photosensitive drum 11 again.
  • the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 passing through the brush 16 is in a state where electrostatic coupling between the charge on the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 and the toner is weakened as described above, whereby toner particles electrostatically adhere on the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 loosely.
  • the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 in the above-mentioned state is charged to a predetermined high potential again by the main charger 13 for the purpose of the subsequent image formation upon being opposite to the main charger 13.
  • the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 is exposed to light corresponding to an image by the exposing unit 10, and is moved to the developing device 14. In this case, the amount of residual toner remaining on the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 is small. Moreover, the residual toner is scratched by the brush 16.
  • the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 is charged again by the main charger 13 or is exposed to light by the exposing unit 10, therefore, the residual toner does not distort the formed electrostatic latent image.
  • the developing roller 25 develops the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 11 into a toner image.
  • Fig. 2 is an illustration showing the mounting structure of the developing roller in the developing device 14, which illustrates a structure relating to the developing roller 25 in a case where the developing device 14 shown in Fig. 1 is viewed from the left of the drawing.
  • Shafts 41 extend toward both sides from both the ends of the developing roller 25.
  • the shafts 41 extend outward upon penetrating through the housing 22.
  • a driving motor is connected through a gear or the like, which is not illustrated, to one of the shafts 41 extending outward from the housing 22.
  • Sealing members 42 so adapted as to cover the innermost side in Fig. 2, that is, almost all the right half of the developing roller 25 in Fig. 1 are provided at both the ends of the developing roller 25.
  • the sealing members 42 are for preventing toner from adhering on both the ends of the developing roller 25.
  • the sealing member 42 is a member having bristles composed of a synthetic fiber, for example, studded on its surface opposite to the developing roller 25. The studded bristles prevent the toner in the housing 22 from adhering on both the ends of the developing roller 25, and prevent toner particles from being blown out from both the ends of the developing roller 25 toward the photosensitive drum 11.
  • the length of the thin-layer blade 26 is made slightly smaller than the axial length of the developing roller 25 in the present embodiment.
  • the thin-layer blade 26 is so adapted that both its ends are slightly brought into contact with the regions on which no toner adheres at both the ends of the developing roller 25. This is for making a toner layer adhering on the peripheral surface of the developing roller 25 uniform. If the thin-layer blade 26 is not brought into contact with the developing roller 25 in a wider region than the region on which toner adheres in the developing roller 25, the toner layer may not be uniform in a portion where the thin-layer blade 26 is not in contact with the developing roller 25.
  • the whole in the axial direction of the developing roller 25 is brought into contact with the photosensitive drum 11 in the present embodiment.
  • surface regions on which no toner adheres which exist at both the ends of the developing roller 25 are also brought into contact with the photosensitive drum 11.
  • the frictional force between the region and the photosensitive drum 11 is increased. Further the frictional force between the region and the thin-layer blade 26 is also increased.
  • the toner functions as a lubricant to weaken the frictional force between the developing roller 25 and the photosensitive drum 11 or the thin-layer blade 26 when the toner adheres on the peripheral surface of the developing roller 25. Without toner thus functioning as a lubricant on the photosensitive drum 11, the frictional force is necessarily increased accordingly.
  • the coefficient of surface friction of the developing roller must be decreased.
  • the toner since the toner must be contacted with the surface of the developing roller to be triboelectrically charged and must adhere on the surface of the developing roller, the coefficient of surface friction must be high to some extent. Therefore, the developing roller 25 has been conventionally made of rubber.
  • the coefficient of surface dynamic friction ⁇ of the developing roller 25 against the surface of the photosensitive member is set in the following range: 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2.5
  • the coefficient of dynamic friction ⁇ is less than 0.2, friction between the peripheral surface of the developing roller 25 and the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 is too small.
  • the toner adhering on the peripheral surface of the developing roller 25 is brought into contact with the surface of the photosensitive drum 11, therefore, the toner may, in some cases, slide from the surface of the photosensitive drum 11. As a result, a developed image attracts dust of the toner, and is insufficient in density.
  • the coefficient of dynamic friction ⁇ exceeds 2.5, friction between the developing roller 25 and the photosensitive drum 11 is too large, whereby the rotation of the developing roller 25 is swayed. Accordingly, the coefficient of dynamic friction ⁇ is set in the above-mentioned range.
  • AD apparent density
  • the coefficient of dynamic friction of the developing roller 25 against the surface of the photosensitive drum 11 is measured with respect to the photosensitive drum 11 and the developing device 14 having the structures shown in Figs. 1 and 2 (specifically, a photosensitive drum and a developing device used for an electrostatic process facsimile manufactured by Mita Industrial Company, Ltd. and a TC-650 type modified machine).
  • “Peeling/Slipping/Scratching TESTER HEIDON-14" is employed as a measuring device, and measurements are taken on condition that the moving speed of the surface of the photosensitive drum is 70 mm/sec in a state where a load of 50 g is applied to the developing roller 25 as measurement conditions.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
EP96308575A 1995-11-29 1996-11-28 Entwicklungsgerät und mit diesem Entwicklungsgerät versehendes Bilderzeugungsgerät Withdrawn EP0777159A2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP31128595A JPH09152769A (ja) 1995-11-29 1995-11-29 現像装置
JP311285/95 1995-11-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0777159A2 true EP0777159A2 (de) 1997-06-04

Family

ID=18015302

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96308575A Withdrawn EP0777159A2 (de) 1995-11-29 1996-11-28 Entwicklungsgerät und mit diesem Entwicklungsgerät versehendes Bilderzeugungsgerät

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0777159A2 (de)
JP (1) JPH09152769A (de)
KR (1) KR970028904A (de)
TW (1) TW320695B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6229978B1 (en) 1999-02-10 2001-05-08 Fujitsu Limited Having aggregated toner dispersion member developing apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6229978B1 (en) 1999-02-10 2001-05-08 Fujitsu Limited Having aggregated toner dispersion member developing apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW320695B (de) 1997-11-21
JPH09152769A (ja) 1997-06-10
KR970028904A (ko) 1997-06-24

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