EP0773320B1 - Feuille de sécurité d'épaisseur sensiblement constante - Google Patents

Feuille de sécurité d'épaisseur sensiblement constante Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0773320B1
EP0773320B1 EP19960402391 EP96402391A EP0773320B1 EP 0773320 B1 EP0773320 B1 EP 0773320B1 EP 19960402391 EP19960402391 EP 19960402391 EP 96402391 A EP96402391 A EP 96402391A EP 0773320 B1 EP0773320 B1 EP 0773320B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strip
watermark
sheet
sheet according
reduced opacity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19960402391
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0773320A1 (fr
Inventor
Hélène Thieblin
Yves Douesneau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ArjoWiggins SAS
Original Assignee
ArjoWiggins SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ArjoWiggins SAS filed Critical ArjoWiggins SAS
Publication of EP0773320A1 publication Critical patent/EP0773320A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0773320B1 publication Critical patent/EP0773320B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/44—Watermarking devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/355—Security threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
    • D21F11/006—Making patterned paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
    • D21F11/06—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines of the cylinder type
    • D21F11/08—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines of the cylinder type paper or board consisting of two or more layers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
    • D21H21/42—Ribbons or strips
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/30—Multi-ply
    • D21H27/32—Multi-ply with materials applied between the sheets
    • D21H27/34—Continuous materials, e.g. filaments, sheets, nets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fibrous sheet according to claim 1, in particular of paper, used in particular to make security documents such as banknotes, checks, securities transport, entrance tickets to cultural or sporting events, coins identity, etc ...
  • paper means any sheet obtained by the wet process using a suspension of natural cellulose fibers and / or mineral fibers or organic other than cellulose, possibly synthetic, which may contain various fillers and various additives commonly used in stationery.
  • This sheet is more particularly obtained by papermaking and consists of at least minus two jets; it can include at least one zone of reduced opacity.
  • a sheet comprising an area of zero thickness, called transparent window, having an area of at least 0.2 cm 2 in which a wide plastic strip appears.
  • the strip is transparent or translucent and is at least 15 mm wide. This window cannot be reproduced by photocopy, it protects the document obtained from photocopying.
  • This strip is inserted between two layers of paper during the manufacture of the leaf. It is therefore positioned over an entire length, or an entire width, or an entire height of the sheet but it does not occupy the entire surface of the sheet.
  • This strip creates an extra thickness in the sheet.
  • the parts with the band are superimposed and create a raised area in the pile. This can cause problems when processing the sheets, such as for example during cutting or during printing, the sheets can slide from the battery.
  • the sheets can slide from the battery.
  • document sorting machines like banknotes you can encounter problems also due to the unevenness of the leaves; similarly during their bundled storage.
  • a sheet is described consisting of two layers of paper and transparent film the same size as the sheet, the sheet does not have transparent window. These various elements are assembled by laminating to using an adhesive.
  • the substrate has visible indices in transmitted light.
  • the substrate occupies the entire surface of the sheet to overcome the problems associated with the (non) flatness of the sheet, however such a sheet has several disadvantages.
  • One drawback is that it can be easily counterfeited because it is easy to stick a plastic film between two sheets of paper.
  • This watermark may be a so-called dark watermark.
  • a watermark is obtained during the manufacture of the fibrous sheet by means of round shapes with the imprint engraved intaglio, watermark to reproduce. We then obtain a sheet with a watermark that appears dark when looking at the sheet in transmitted light; the dark areas are due to an accumulation of fibers, during the formation of the sheet, in the hollow parts of the watermark means; so the thickness of the sheet and fiber density is greater in these areas than in the rest of the leaf.
  • Such a watermark therefore has extra thicknesses.
  • finished leaves security like banknotes, they are 20 ⁇ m and can reach 35 ⁇ m for the darkest watermarks.
  • Watermarks can also be made on a flat table machine by pressing a watermark roll on the wet spray, however they cannot be obtained with a contrast as important as on a round shape or with such strong thicknesses. Indeed the watermark is obtained with the watermark roll by a simple displacement fibers and not by fiber accumulation. Unlike the technique on form round, so you cannot get watermarks with significant shades of Grey.
  • EP-A-0 229 645 describes a sheet having complementary watermarks in look at each other, with a band in between.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a security sheet having good flatness while having good protection against counterfeiting.
  • the object of the invention is achieved if a watermark is combined, in hollow or in relief, and at minus one strip, in a configuration ensuring flatness to the sheet.
  • Strip means a strip made of a single piece or a strip made of a assembly, stacking or juxtaposition of strips.
  • the strip consists of a material insoluble in water and more particularly it is made of plastic. Preferably it is transparent or translucent.
  • the strip has a width greater than 15 mm and less than the largest sheet size.
  • the strip and the watermark have substantially the same thickness.
  • the sheet consists of at least two jets and is formed by paper mill on a round shape, the strip being positioned under one of the outer jets.
  • a sheet consisting of at least two jets because this allows, among other things, protect the tape and avoid easy reproduction of the document by counterfeiters who could for example stick a false strip on a sheet.
  • the sheet can also be formed on a paper machine combining a flat table and a round shape, the watermark being formed on the round shape.
  • the strip can have a heat-sealable or water-sealable varnish on the surface to improve its hold in the sheet and avoid its separation from the sheet.
  • the sheet is characterized in that the watermark is a clear watermark made on the internal or external face of the external jet and that the strip is positioned on the internal face of the external jet under the watermark and opposite of it.
  • the sheet is characterized in that the watermark is a dark watermark produced on the internal or external face of the external jet and that the strip is positioned on the internal face of said external jet, the strip being placed in the part of the sheet without watermark.
  • the raised part of the watermark has a thickness E1 substantially equal to the thickness E of the strip.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional and exploded view of a sheet according to the invention, with a clear watermark.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional and exploded view of another embodiment of a sheet according to the invention, comprising a clear watermark.
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the sheet shown in Figure 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional and exploded view of a sheet according to the invention, with a dark watermark.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of a sheet according to the invention comprising an area of zero thickness.
  • Figure 6 is a top view of a sheet according to the invention comprising an area of zero thickness.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of a device for manufacturing a sheet according to the invention.
  • FIG 1 there is shown a sheet 1 according to the invention.
  • This sheet contains a first jet 2 of paper and a second jet 3 of paper. Jets can be made in a known manner on a flat table paper machine (Fourdrinier machine) or double round shape.
  • the clear watermark is made on the form 9 which includes the imprint of the watermark in relief, the band 4 being introduced between the two wet jets under the watermark, then the jets and the strip are assembled by the lifting roller 11.
  • the first jet 2 has an internal face 2i and an external face 2e.
  • internal face we mean the face which is inside the finished sheet, that is to say when the jets 2 and 3 are combined.
  • external face means the face which is outside of the finished sheet.
  • the second jet 3 has an internal face 3i and an external face 3e.
  • the first jet 2 has a clear watermark 5 which is produced on the internal face 2i. Due to the presence of this watermark, the thickness of the jet 2 has recessed parts which therefore when stacking the jet, cause extra thicknesses next to the areas without the watermark and therefore the stacks of paper are difficult to handle and have all the disadvantages that have been mentioned above.
  • the sheet according to the invention comprises a strip 4 which is placed under the watermark 5. This strip has a thickness E which is substantially equal to the difference in thickness formed by the watermark. Band 4 is positioned on the face internal 2i external jet 2 under the watermark 5 and facing it. This compensates so the difference in thickness.
  • the sheet is characterized in that the watermark 5 is a clear watermark made on the external face 2e of the external jet 2 and that the band 4 is positioned under the watermark and facing it on the other side of the jet, as shown in the example in Figure 2.
  • a double round shape as before but the clear watermark is on the form 10 which includes the imprint of the embossed watermark, the strip being introduced between the two wet jets, on the other side of the watermark, then the jets and the strip are assembled by the roller 11.
  • the sheet is characterized by the fact that watermark 5 is a dark watermark made on the external face 2e of jet 2 outside and that the strip 4 is positioned on the other side of the jet and in the part A of the sheet not including the watermark.
  • a machine is used. double round paper as before; the dark watermark is done on shape 10 which has the imprint of the hollow watermark, the strip being introduced between the two wet jets, in an area without the watermark, then the jets and the strip are assembled by the roller 11.
  • the sheet is characterized in that the watermark 5 is a dark watermark made on the internal face 2i of the external jet 2 and that the strip is positioned under this jet and in the part of the sheet not including the watermark, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the relief part 12 of the watermark has a thickness E 1 substantially equal to the thickness E of the strip 4.
  • the strip occupies almost the entire space between the watermark and the edge of the sheet.
  • the band has a width equivalent to that of the watermark and the watermark is produced so as to cover the entire strip.
  • the sheet comprises at least one opacity zone reduced in which appears the band.
  • the area of reduced opacity can be achieved by transparentizing an area of the sheet, on one or more jets if the sheet is a multijet.
  • the transparency can be obtained by the use of a resin or an oil transparentizing, in solvent or aqueous medium, as described for example in the Patent EP-B-91341 or using a hot transparentizing wax or paraffin.
  • the area of reduced opacity can be a watermark, provided that it does not harm the goal of the invention, namely the flatness of the sheet. In case this area is a clear watermark, the area of reduced opacity and the watermark combined with the band can be confused.
  • the reduced opacity zone can be achieved by locally reducing the thickness of the sheet, especially when forming jets.
  • the zone of reduced opacity can be produced according to patent application EP-A-549384, namely on paper machine using flexible parts arranged on the medium machine watermarks which locally reduce water dripping during leaf formation.
  • This zone of reduced opacity can also be produced according to the method of French patent application FR 9410242.
  • This process makes it possible to produce a zone of reduced opacity which may contain in the plane of the sheet a circle with an area of at least 0.4 cm 2 thanks to an embossed canvas, the canvas being of reduced thickness in the embossed zones.
  • This process makes it possible to obtain zones of reduced opacity exhibiting uniform lightness and opacities, this zone is therefore of substantially uniform opacity.
  • the sheet is characterized in that at least a zone of reduced opacity is of zero thickness.
  • the reduced thickness zone of zero thickness (also called “transparent window”) is likely to contain in the plan of the sheet at least one circle at least 1 cm in diameter.
  • the sheet is characterized by the fact that it has zones of zero thickness throughout its thickness and that these zones are opposite each other others and that the part of the band appearing in these areas is at least partly transparent.
  • Such a sheet with an area of zero thickness can be produced according to the request of patent WO-A-9509274, in particular on a double round shape paper machine, the shapes being synchronized so that the respective openings of the jets are in look, the window is made by an embossing on each of the round shapes which prevents the deposition of fibers.
  • the strip may have patterns and in particular, the sheet is characterized by the causes the strip to have patterns appearing at least in reflected light in at least one zone of reduced opacity.
  • These reasons can be applied beforehand, on the tape by means of printing such as offset, rotogravure, screen printing or inkjet printing, using conventional or security ink i.e. fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnetic, photochromic, thermochrome, piezochrome, iridescent, etc.
  • This background may be discontinuous. If the strip is transparent, the transparent areas of the discontinuous background are positioned in the zone of reduced opacity, especially if the reduced opacity zone is zero thickness to avoid reproduction by photocopy.
  • FIG 5 there is shown another embodiment of the sheet according to the invention which is such that on the one hand the patterns 6 of the strip appearing in light transmitted, in the sheet outside the zone of reduced opacity and, on the other hand the patterns 7 of the strip appearing at least in reflected light in the opacity zone reduced 8, are associated by their representations and / or their positioning.
  • the sheet is characterized by the fact that the patterns of the band appearing in transmitted light, in the sheet outside the opacity zone reduced and / or the patterns of the strip appearing at least in reflected light in the reduced opacity zone are associated with the watermark by their representations and / or their positioning.
  • the patterns can be associated with each other and / or with the watermark by their representation if, for example they represent the same design, size or colors may be different.
  • the patterns can be associated with each other and / or with the watermark by their positioning if, for example they are positioned at given distances or by relation to specific elements contained in the drawings.
  • the patterns can be associated with each other and / or with the watermark by their representation and their positioning if, for example the drawing (s) representative complement each other visually or by the theme they evoke.
  • the sheet is characterized in that the area of reduced opacity and the watermark combined with the band are associated by their representations and / or their positioning.
  • An example is shown in Figure 6, the reduced opacity zone 8 being of zero thickness.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a sheet as previously described for making banknotes and banknotes according to claim 18. Finally, the invention also relates to a stack of uniform thickness of sheets or banknotes, positioned in the same direction, consisting of the sheets or notes previously described.
  • Pulp is made from cellulose fibers, mineral fillers and a wet strength agent.
  • Strips of transparent and bi-oriented polypropylene are introduced onto the machine, about 10 cm wide, between the jets marked on the machine in the direction walk and crosswise, out of watermark areas.
  • the jets and bands are assembled by the lifting roller 11.
  • the sheet is dried and optionally surfaced to give it the characteristics necessary for its use. A generally flat sheet is obtained.
  • pulp is prepared from cellulose fibers, mineral fillers and a wet strength agent.
  • the paper pulp is sent and two jets weighing 40 g / m 2 each are formed, these jets are marked on the machine in the running direction and in the cross direction.
  • a zone of reduced opacity is formed which is of zero thickness (transparent window) on each of the jets, thanks to the embossings present on each round shape, each zone being identified in the forward and cross direction.
  • the shapes are synchronized according to a mechanical coupling in order to obtain opposite the zones of zero thickness of each jet and thus to form a window in the sheet, as described in patent application WO-A-9509274.
  • a dark watermark is formed on the jet of form 9; this watermark is 4 cm wide.
  • the printed patterns and the watermark are geometrically similar. Jets and strips are assembled by the lifting roller. The leaf is dried and possibly surfaced to give it the characteristics necessary for its use. We obtain a generally planar sheet.
  • a coarse pre-cut is made of the sheet reels and then the sheets are cut with a paper cutter in a format suitable for printing banknotes. No problem of sliding of the sheets made according to the invention is observed, during this cutting or during the printing. These sheets thus printed are then cut to the format of the desired bank note. These notes form bundles of uniform thickness and therefore do not pose a storage problem.
  • the transparent window in which appears on the one hand a pattern printed on the strip and on the other hand a transparent area not printed from the strip, is not reproduced faithfully because the transparent part does not can't be.

Landscapes

  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
EP19960402391 1995-11-10 1996-11-08 Feuille de sécurité d'épaisseur sensiblement constante Expired - Lifetime EP0773320B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9513446 1995-11-10
FR9513446A FR2741089B1 (fr) 1995-11-10 1995-11-10 Feuille de securite d'epaisseur sensiblement constante

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0773320A1 EP0773320A1 (fr) 1997-05-14
EP0773320B1 true EP0773320B1 (fr) 2002-02-20

Family

ID=9484529

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19960402391 Expired - Lifetime EP0773320B1 (fr) 1995-11-10 1996-11-08 Feuille de sécurité d'épaisseur sensiblement constante

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0773320B1 (da)
DE (1) DE69619341T2 (da)
DK (1) DK0773320T3 (da)
ES (1) ES2177746T3 (da)
FR (1) FR2741089B1 (da)

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2804447B1 (fr) * 2000-02-01 2002-04-05 Arjo Wiggins Sa Papier comportant un filigrane a effet multiton et toile pour fabriquer ce papier
FR2804448B1 (fr) 2000-02-01 2002-04-05 Arjo Wiggins Sa Papier de securite comportant une zone de securite, procede pour realiser un tel papier et dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre ce procede
KR100421786B1 (ko) * 2000-12-29 2004-03-10 한국조폐공사 다기능성 은화를 삽입한 위조방지용 보안용지
FR2839917B1 (fr) * 2002-05-22 2004-10-08 Arjo Wiggins Article forme a partir d'au moins un jet de matiere fibreuse comportant au moins une zone d'epaisseur nulle et procede de fabrication dudit article
FR2861101B1 (fr) * 2003-10-15 2007-06-15 Arjo Wiggins Papier de securite multijet
RU2349698C2 (ru) * 2004-09-15 2009-03-20 Крэйн энд Ко., Инк. Средство защиты и использующий его защищенный от подделки продукт
FR2897078B1 (fr) * 2006-02-09 2011-08-19 Arjowiggins Materiau en feuille comportant au moins un filigrane avec une nuance coloree.
FR2904834A1 (fr) * 2006-08-08 2008-02-15 Arjowiggins Security Soc Par A Procede de fabrication d'un jet fibreux comprenant un element d'une epaisseur donnee et toile de formation permettant sa fabrication
FR2925535B1 (fr) * 2007-12-21 2011-05-06 Arjowiggins Licensing Sas Feuille de securite comprenant un substrat fibreux comportant au moins un filigrane
FR2925924B1 (fr) * 2007-12-28 2011-04-29 Arjowiggins Licensing Sas Papier de securite
ES2325568B1 (es) * 2008-03-07 2010-06-16 Fabrica Nacional De Moneda Y Timbre- Real Casa De La Moneda Papel de seguridad, metodo de fabricacion y documento de seguridad obtenido con dicho papel.
FR2929962B1 (fr) * 2008-04-11 2021-06-25 Arjowiggins Licensing Sas Procede de fabrication d'une feuille comportant une sous- epaisseur ou une sur-epaisseur au niveau d'un ruban et feuille associee.
FR2929965B1 (fr) * 2008-04-11 2010-05-21 Arjowiggins Licensing Sas Feuille de securite comportant un ruban presentant une zone d'opacite reduite.
FR2978580B1 (fr) 2011-07-28 2013-08-16 Arjowiggins Security Procede de controle de l'etat physique d'un document
FR2983775B1 (fr) * 2011-12-08 2014-01-10 Arjowiggins Security Structure de securite incorporant un dispositif electronique
FR3020596B1 (fr) * 2014-05-02 2017-03-10 Oberthur Fiduciaire Sas Document de securite impregne d'un agent desopacifiant et procede de traitement d'un document
FR3020595B1 (fr) * 2014-05-02 2016-05-06 Oberthur Fiduciaire Sas Bandeau de securite et document de securite qui l'integre

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2524026B1 (fr) 1982-03-25 1985-09-13 Arjomari Prioux Matieres cellulosiques transparentisees et leurs applications, leur procede de fabrication et les compositions de transparentisation correspondantes
DE3601114A1 (de) * 1986-01-16 1987-07-23 Gao Ges Automation Org Verfahren zur herstellung von sichrheitspapier mit eingelagertem sicherheitsfaden
EP0453131A3 (en) * 1990-04-12 1992-04-29 James River Corporation Security paper and method of manufacturing same
FR2684698B1 (fr) 1991-12-09 1994-01-21 Arjo Wiggins Sa Procede pour la fabrication d'un produit comportant des zones localisees d'opacite reduite et papier ainsi obtenu.
FR2687697A1 (fr) * 1992-02-21 1993-08-27 Arjo Wiggins Sa Feuille comportant des marques apparaissant en filigrane.
EP0687324B2 (fr) * 1993-03-02 2005-12-07 Arjowiggins Security Papier de securite comportant des zones localisees d'epaisseur et d'opacite reduites et son procede de fabrication
US5449200A (en) 1993-06-08 1995-09-12 Domtar, Inc. Security paper with color mark
ES2141837T3 (es) 1993-09-28 2000-04-01 Arjo Wiggins Sa Papel de seguridad que presenta una zona transparente de opacidad sensiblemente nula.
DE4334847A1 (de) 1993-10-13 1995-04-20 Kurz Leonhard Fa Wertdokument mit Fenster

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0773320A1 (fr) 1997-05-14
DE69619341T2 (de) 2002-10-10
FR2741089B1 (fr) 1997-12-26
DE69619341D1 (de) 2002-03-28
ES2177746T3 (es) 2002-12-16
FR2741089A1 (fr) 1997-05-16
DK0773320T3 (da) 2002-06-03

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