EP0767664A2 - Combination therapy for hiv infection - Google Patents

Combination therapy for hiv infection

Info

Publication number
EP0767664A2
EP0767664A2 EP95923935A EP95923935A EP0767664A2 EP 0767664 A2 EP0767664 A2 EP 0767664A2 EP 95923935 A EP95923935 A EP 95923935A EP 95923935 A EP95923935 A EP 95923935A EP 0767664 A2 EP0767664 A2 EP 0767664A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combination
hiv
compound
reverse transcriptase
treatment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95923935A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Emilio A. Emini
Joel R. Huff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merck and Co Inc
Original Assignee
Merck and Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merck and Co Inc filed Critical Merck and Co Inc
Publication of EP0767664A2 publication Critical patent/EP0767664A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
    • A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/7064—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
    • A61K31/7068—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines having oxo groups directly attached to the pyrimidine ring, e.g. cytidine, cytidylic acid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
    • A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/7064—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
    • A61K31/7068—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines having oxo groups directly attached to the pyrimidine ring, e.g. cytidine, cytidylic acid
    • A61K31/7072—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines having oxo groups directly attached to the pyrimidine ring, e.g. cytidine, cytidylic acid having two oxo groups directly attached to the pyrimidine ring, e.g. uridine, uridylic acid, thymidine, zidovudine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
    • A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/7064—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
    • A61K31/7076—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines containing purines, e.g. adenosine, adenylic acid
    • A61K31/708—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines containing purines, e.g. adenosine, adenylic acid having oxo groups directly attached to the purine ring system, e.g. guanosine, guanylic acid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

  • the combination in this invention is useful in the inhibition of HIV protease, the inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase, the treatment of infection by HIV and in the treatment of AIDS and/or ARC (i.e., AIDS related complex), either as compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters (when appropriate), pharmaceutical composition ingredients, whether or not in combination with other antivirals, anti-infectives, immunomodulators, antibiotics or vaccines.
  • AIDS and/or ARC i.e., AIDS related complex
  • pharmaceutical composition ingredients whether or not in combination with other antivirals, anti-infectives, immunomodulators, antibiotics or vaccines.
  • a retrovirus designated human immunodeficiency virus is the etiological agent of the complex disease that includes progressive destruction of the immune system (acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AIDS) and degeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system.
  • This virus was previously known as LAV, HTLV-III, or ARV.
  • a common feature of retrovirus replication is the extensive post-translational processing of precursor polyproteins by a virally encoded protease to generate mature viral proteins required for virus assembly and function. Inhibition of this processing prevents the production of normally infectious virus. For example, Kohl, N.E. et al., Proc. Nat'l Acad.
  • Nucleotide sequencing of HIV shows the presence of a pol gene in one open reading frame [Ratner, L. et al., Nature , 313, 277 (1985)].
  • Amino acid sequence homology provides evidence that the pol sequence encodes reverse transcriptase, an endonuclease and an HIV protease [Toh, H. et al., EMBO J., 4, 1267 (1985); Power, M.D. et al., Science, 231, 1567 (1986); Pearl, L.H. et al., Nature, 329, 351 (1987)].
  • Compound J in EPO 541,168, which published on May 12, 1993, is a potent inhibitor of HIV protease and is useful in the prevention of infection by HIV, the treatment of infection by HIV and the treatment of AIDS or ARC, without significant side effects or toxicity.
  • applicants co-administer a potent HIV protease inhibitor, such as Compound J, or other chemical entities, with a non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor such as nevarapine or an -anilinophenylacetamide (i.e., -APA) derivative.
  • a third component which is a nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase, such as AZT, ddl or ddC, is added to the combination.
  • This combination therapy is a method to enhance the effectiveness in treating AIDS and to preclude the development of resistance to the individual therapeutic agents.
  • the instant invention involves a combination of compounds, which is Compound J and a non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor selected from nevarapine or an oc-APA derivative, and, optionally, a nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase selected from AZT, ddl or ddC, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof.
  • the combination which is Compound J and nevarapine is the combination which is Compound J and nevarapine.
  • a class is the combination which is Compound J and an -APA derivative.
  • Illustrative of the invention is the combination which is Compound J, nevarapine and the nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase.
  • nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase is AZT.
  • Exemplifying the invention is a method of inhibiting HIV protease, comprising administering to a suitable mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of the combination.
  • An example of the invention is a method of inhibiting HIV reverse transcriptase, comprising administering to a suitable mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of the combination.
  • An illustration of the invention is a method of preventing infection of HIV, or of treating infection by HIV, or of treating AIDS or ARC, comprising administering to a suitable mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of the combination. More specifically illustrating the invention is a pharmaceutical composition useful for inhibiting HIV protease, comprising an effective amount of the combination, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a pharmaceutical composition useful for inhibiting HIV reverse transcriptase comprising an effective amount of the combination, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a further example is a pharmaceutical composition useful for preventing or treating infection of HIV, or for treating AIDS or ARC, comprising an effective amount of the combination and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • This invention is concerned with the combination of certain compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in the inhibition of HIV protease, the inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase, the prevention or treatment of infection by HIV and in the treatment of the resulting acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  • AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
  • Compound J is synthesized by the protocol of EP 0 541 168, published 12 May 1993.
  • Compound J is N-(2(R)-hydroxy-l (S)-indanyl)-2(R)-phenylmethyl-4-(S)-hydroxy-5-(l- (4-(3-pyridylmethyl)-2(S)-N'-(t-butyl-carboxamido)-piperazinyl))- pentaneamide, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • Nevarapine is l l-cyclopropyl-5,l l-dihydro-4-methyl-6H- dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][l ,4]diazepin-6-one,
  • Nevarapine is synthesized by the procedure described in Hargrave, K.D. et al., J. Med. Chem., 34, 2231-2241 (1991) and Klunder, K.D. et al., J. Med. Chem., 35, 1887-1897 (1992).
  • ⁇ -APA derivatives are ⁇ -anilinophenylacetamide derivatives of the formula:
  • ⁇ -APA derivative wherein Ri is methoxy, nitro or C(0)-CH3 and R2 is hydrogen or methyl.
  • R89439 is the ⁇ -APA derivative wherein Ri is C(0)-CH3 and R2 is methyl.
  • R 18893 is the ⁇ -APA derivative wherein Ri is nitro and R2 is hydrogen.
  • ⁇ -APA derivatives are made by the procedure described in PCT patent application, International Publication No. WO92/00952, published 23 January 1992.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts which are formed, e.g., from inorganic or organic acids or bases.
  • acid addition salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate,
  • Base salts l o include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine salts, N-methyl-D- glucamine, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine, and so forth. Also, the basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quaternized
  • lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides and iodides
  • dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl
  • diamyl sulfates long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyl and phenethyl bromides and others.
  • compositions include the sulfate salt ethanolate and sulfate salts.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the combination of the instant invention include the combination wherein one of the individual components is in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable
  • the sulfate salt of the combination is utilized.
  • esters in the present invention refer to non-toxic esters, preferably the alkyl esters such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl or pentyl esters, of which the methyl ester is preferred.
  • other esters such as phenyl-Cl-5 alkyl may be employed if desired.
  • Esterification of alcohols, such as Compound J of the present invention is performed by a variety of conventional procedures, including reacting the alcohol group with the appropriate anhydride, carboxylic acid or acid chloride. These reactions, as well as other methods of esterification of alcohols, are readily apparent to the skilled artisan.
  • Reaction of the alcohol with the appropriate anhydride is carried out in the presence of an acylation catalyst, such as 4-DMAP (4- dimethylaminopyridine, also known as N,N-dimethylaminopyridine), pyridine, or l ,8-bis[dimethylamino]napthalene.
  • an acylation catalyst such as 4-DMAP (4- dimethylaminopyridine, also known as N,N-dimethylaminopyridine), pyridine, or l ,8-bis[dimethylamino]napthalene.
  • Reaction of the alcohol with the appropriate carboxylic acid is carried out in the presence of a dehydrating agent and, optionally, an acylation catalyst.
  • the dehydrating agent which serves to drive the reaction by the removal of water is selected from dicyclohexylcarbo- diimide (DCC), l-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) or other water soluble dehydrating agents.
  • reaction of the alcohol with appropriate carboxylic acid can also result in esterification, if performed instead in the presence of trifluoroacetic anhydride, and, optionally, pyridine.
  • a further variant is reacting the alcohol with appropriate carboxylic acid in the presence of N,N-carbonyldiimidazole with pyridine.
  • Reaction of the alcohol with the acid chloride is carried out with an acylation catalyst, such as 4-DMAP or pyridine.
  • an acylation catalyst such as 4-DMAP or pyridine.
  • Selective esterification of Compound J is performed by a variety of methods known to the skilled artisan.
  • the alcohol is first esterified with a trichloroethyl derivative (e.g., mono- trichloroethyl succinate).
  • a trichloroethyl derivative e.g., mono- trichloroethyl succinate.
  • reductive elimination of the tricholoroethyl group is carried out by reaction with zinc dust in acetic acid.
  • another method of selective esterification is the hydrolysis of the bis- ester.
  • the combination of compounds of the present invention is useful in the inhibition of HIV protease, the inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase, the prevention or treatment of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the treatment of consequent pathological conditions such as AIDS.
  • Treating AIDS or preventing or treating infection by HIV is defined as including, but not limited to, treating a wide range of states of HIV infection: AIDS, ARC, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, and actual or potential exposure to HIV.
  • the compounds of this invention are useful in treating infection by HIV after suspected past exposure to HIV by e.g., blood transfusion, exchange of body fluids, bites, accidental needle stick, or exposure to patient blood during surgery.
  • the combinations of the present invention may be administered orally, parenterally (including subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal injection or infusion techniques), by inhalation spray, or rectally, in dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles.
  • a method of treating and a pharmaceutical composition for treating HIV infection and AIDS involves administering to a patient in need of such treatment a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of each compound in the combination of the present invention.
  • compositions may be in the form of orally-administrable suspensions or tablets; nasal sprays; sterile injectable preparations, for example, as sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions or suppositories.
  • the individual components of the combination can be administered separately at different times during the course of therapy or concurrently in divided or single combination forms.
  • a two-component combination which is the HIV protease inhibitor, Compound J, and the non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor, nevarapine
  • treatment with nevarapine can commence prior to, subsequent to or concurrent with commencement of treatment with Compound J.
  • the instant invention is therefore to be understood as embracing all such regimes of simultaneous or alternating treatment and the term "administering" is to be interpreted accordingly.
  • these compositions When administered orally as a suspension, these compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may contain microcrystalline cellulose for imparting bulk, alginic acid or sodium alginate as a suspending agent, methylcellulose as a viscosity enhancer, and sweeteners/flavoring agents known in the art.
  • these compositions may contain microcrystalline cellulose, dicalcium phosphate, starch, magnesium stearate and lactose and/or other excipients, binders, extenders, disintegrants, diluents and lubricants known in the art.
  • compositions When administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation, these compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other solubilizing or dispersing agents known in the art.
  • the injectable solutions or suspensions may be formulated accordmg to known art, using suitable non-toxic, parenterally- acceptable diluents or solvents, such as mannitol, 1 ,3-butanediol, water, Ringer's solution or isotonic sodium chloride solution, or suitable dispersing or wetting and suspending agents, such as sterile, bland, fixed oils, including synthetic mono- or diglycerides, and fatty acids, including oleic acid.
  • suitable non-toxic, parenterally- acceptable diluents or solvents such as mannitol, 1 ,3-butanediol, water, Ringer's solution or isotonic sodium chloride solution, or suitable dispersing or wetting and suspending agents, such as sterile, bland, fixed oils, including synthetic mono- or diglycerides, and fatty acids, including oleic acid.
  • compositions When rectally administered in the form of suppositories, these compositions may be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient, such as cocoa butter, synthetic glyceride esters or polyethylene glycols, which are solid at ordinary temperatures, but liquidify and/or dissolve in the rectal cavity to release the drug.
  • a suitable non-irritating excipient such as cocoa butter, synthetic glyceride esters or polyethylene glycols, which are solid at ordinary temperatures, but liquidify and/or dissolve in the rectal cavity to release the drug.
  • the compounds of this invention can be administered to humans in the dosage ranges specific for each compound.
  • Compound J, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered orally in a dosage range between about 40 mg and about 4000 mg per day, divided into between one and four doses per day.
  • Nevarapine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered orally at a dosage range between about 12 mg per day and about 500 mg per day, given in a single dose per day.
  • the combination of the present invention can also be combined with an optional third antiviral component which is a nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase.
  • the combination of this invention may be effectively administered, whether at periods of pre-exposure and/or past exposure, in combination with effective amounts of the AIDS antivirals AZT, ddl or ddC, known to those of ordinary skill in the art. TABLE 1 Antivirals
  • AZT is synthesized by the methods of J.P. Horwitz et al., J. Org. Chem., 29, 2076 (1964); R.P. Glinski et al., J. Org. Chem., 38, 4299 (1973); and C.K. Chu et al., Tetrahedron Letters, 29, 5349 (1988).
  • Application of AZT as a therapeutic drug in the treatment of AIDS is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,724,232.
  • the compound ddC is synthesized by the methods of J.P. Horwitz et al., J. Org. Chem., 32, 817 (1967); R. Marumoto and M. Honjo, Chem. Pharm. Bull, 22, 128 (1974); and T-S. Lin et al., /. Med. Chem., 30, 440 (1987).
  • Application of ddC as a therapeutic drug in the treatment of AIDS is disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,879,277 and 5,028,595.
  • the compound ddl is synthesized by the methods of U.S. Patent No. 5,01 1 ,774; and V. Bhat et al., Synthetic Commun., 22(10), 1481 -86 (1992).
  • Application of ddl as a therapeutic drug in the treatment of AIDS is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,254,539.
  • Preferred combinations are simultaneous or alternating treatments of an inhibitor of HIV protease and a non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase.
  • An optional third component in the instant combination is a nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase, such as AZT, ddC or ddl. These combinations may have synergistic effects on limiting the spread of HIV.
  • the present invention includes combinations of the HIV protease inhibitor Compound J, with a non-nucleoside HIV reverse transciptase inhibitor selected from nevarapine or ⁇ -APA and a nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor selected from AZT, ddl or ddC.
  • Total plasma clearance of Compound J is calculated as the dose divided by the total area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity.
  • the apparent half-life is estimated from the slope of the terminal phase fitted to the log plasma concentration- time curve by the method of least squares.
  • the concentration of Compound J in plasma or plasma filtrate is determined by analysis on HPLC, monitored for absorbance at 220 nm.
  • Period I-to-II- interim nevarapine 400 mg once each day treatment (days 2-7)
  • Compound J is administered at a dose of 600 mg four times a day and nevarapine is administered at 400 mg once a day.
  • Antiviral activity is measured before and during combination therapy by measuring serum levels of the HIV p24 antigen, serum levels of HIV RNA, and CD4 lymphocyte counts.
  • Compound J is administered at a dose of 600 mg four times a day and the ⁇ -APA derivative is administered at doses ranging from 25 mg up to 500 mg from between one and three times a day.
  • Antiviral activity is measured before and during combination therapy by measuring serum levels of the HIV p24 antigen, serum levels of HIV RNA, and CD4 lymphocyte counts.

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  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
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  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
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EP95923935A 1994-06-27 1995-06-23 Combination therapy for hiv infection Withdrawn EP0767664A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US26708594A 1994-06-27 1994-06-27
US267085 1994-06-27
PCT/US1995/007690 WO1996000068A2 (en) 1994-06-27 1995-06-23 Combination therapy for hiv infection

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EP0767664A2 true EP0767664A2 (en) 1997-04-16

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EP (1) EP0767664A2 (xx)
JP (1) JPH10503178A (xx)
AU (1) AU2863895A (xx)
CA (1) CA2193221A1 (xx)
CZ (1) CZ375196A3 (xx)
FI (1) FI965196A (xx)
HU (1) HUT76546A (xx)
IL (1) IL114208A0 (xx)
MX (1) MX9700036A (xx)
NO (1) NO965591L (xx)
PL (1) PL317876A1 (xx)
SK (1) SK163996A3 (xx)
WO (1) WO1996000068A2 (xx)
ZA (1) ZA955269B (xx)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6689761B1 (en) 1995-02-01 2004-02-10 Merck & Co., Inc. Combination therapy for HIV infection
US6045829A (en) * 1997-02-13 2000-04-04 Elan Pharma International Limited Nanocrystalline formulations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors using cellulosic surface stabilizers
EP0872233A1 (en) * 1997-04-14 1998-10-21 Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. Antiretroviral compositions with improved bioavailability
GB2324242A (en) * 1997-04-18 1998-10-21 Atindra Nath Chakrabarty Medicaments for treating viral infections
PT1225874E (pt) 1999-09-24 2006-06-30 Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv Composicoes antivirais.
JP6936229B2 (ja) 2015-09-23 2021-09-15 マルバーン パナリティカル リミテッド 粒子特性評価

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9600068A2 *

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HUT76546A (en) 1997-09-29
CZ375196A3 (en) 1997-07-16
WO1996000068A2 (en) 1996-01-04
PL317876A1 (en) 1997-04-28
HU9603567D0 (en) 1997-02-28
AU2863895A (en) 1996-01-19
FI965196A0 (fi) 1996-12-23
SK163996A3 (en) 1997-08-06
WO1996000068A3 (en) 1996-02-22
MX9700036A (es) 1997-04-30
NO965591D0 (no) 1996-12-27
CA2193221A1 (en) 1996-01-04
ZA955269B (en) 1996-02-02
IL114208A0 (en) 1995-10-31
JPH10503178A (ja) 1998-03-24
NO965591L (no) 1996-12-27
FI965196A (fi) 1996-12-23

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