EP0765980A1 - Supporting and water-proof concrete floor slab, in particular made of steel fibre reinforced concrete and construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

The plate (5) is particularly made from steel fibre concrete. It has a impermeable section (8) in which the maximum width of cracks is limited to 0.2 mm. The impermeable section is located on the side of the plate coming in contact with liquids. The maximum thickness of the plate is 20 cm. In the permeable section, the plate has a reinforcement (6) with a concrete cover (7).

Description

Such a floor structure is very well suited for achieving good sealing properties. However, the use of steel fiber concrete and reinforcement leads to a floor plate that is difficult to manufacture and relatively expensive.

The invention is therefore based on the object of developing a load-bearing, sealed base plate made of concrete and a method for its production in such a way that the production costs can be significantly reduced without the sealing properties of the plate being reduced.

This object is achieved in that a base plate is proposed which has a sealing area, with only the openings of the cracks lying in this area being restricted to a maximum width of 0.2 mm.

The invention is based on the knowledge that, in the case of a load-bearing, sealed concrete floor slab, only a narrow area of the concrete must have the sealing properties and the sealing properties of the remaining area of the slab are of secondary importance for the tightness of the floor slab. It is therefore sufficient to provide such a strong reinforcement and / or as much steel fiber in a relatively thin area of the plate that the required sealing properties are achieved with the cement-bound material. The importance of the remaining areas of the load-bearing base plate is determined solely by the structural requirements certainly.

Experience has shown that a tight plate is used if the width of the cracks does not exceed 0.2 mm. Of course, however, higher degrees of tightness can be achieved by further reducing the width of the cracks by increasing the amount of steel.

It is advantageous if the sealing area is on the side of the plate that comes into contact with liquid. Since it is to be avoided that liquid penetrates into the plate and soaks the plate with liquid, the sealing area should be arranged as close as possible to the surface that comes into contact with the liquid. This is usually the top of the bottom, although it is also conceivable to seal a plate against the ingress of liquid from below. Attaching the sealed area to the top of the plate has the particular advantage that the sealing area is easily accessible for checking the floor.

By concentrating the reinforcement or the steel fibers in a narrow area of the floor slab, it is possible to significantly reduce the thickness of the slab, and it is therefore provided in one embodiment of the invention that the floor slab has a maximum thickness of 20 cm. If only steel fibers are used in the sealing area, the panel thickness can be reduced to about 5 cm.

If reinforcement is to be provided, it is advantageous if the floor slab in the sealing area has reinforcement with a maximum concrete cover of 5 cm, as this means that the sealing area is in the immediate vicinity of the side that may come into contact with liquid.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the reinforcement has at least 300 mm ² per linear meter in both directions and the concrete is a fiber concrete with at least 30 kg / m ³ steel wire fiber. Such a combination is particularly suitable for achieving the desired sealing properties and has proven to be a surprisingly favorable variation in experiments.

Since joints between individual plates also limit the sealing properties and require additional sealing measures, a further embodiment of the invention provides that the base plate has seamless fields with a field size of over 1000 m ² . The basic principles of the production of such a plate are described in the European patent EP 0 137 024 B1 and the application makes full reference to the statements in this patent for the production of seamless floors.

In order to ensure a sealing of the base plate in the wall area and on supports standing on the floor, it is further proposed that the base plate has an upturn profile arranged at the edge of the base plate, the lower end of which protrudes at least into the sealing area and the upper end of which projects above the sealing area. This backsplash profile, which can preferably be L or Z-shaped, ensures with its lower end for a tight transition between the profile and the base plate and the protruding above the sealing area ensures that the accumulated liquid on the base plate does not hit the wall and especially not in the transition area between the wall and floor slab.

In order to achieve a firm connection between the upstand profile and the base plate, it is advantageous if the upstand profile has anchoring means at the lower end. In a simple case, the profile is used as anchoring means. However, this is only one of the many options for anchoring.

Since the upstand profile parts have only a certain length, it is proposed that the base plate have several upstand profile parts which are connected to one another via coupling pieces which are H-shaped in cross section. These coupling pieces are designed so that an upstand profile can be inserted on both sides, which is sealed in the coupling piece with a flexible sealing compound. Couplings of this type make it possible to reduce the profile length around the base plate when the base plate shrinks.

It is advantageous if an annular band is arranged in a column area above the sealing area around the upstand profile. Such a tape allows a concrete base to be cast above the sealing area between the column and the tape and covers a sealing tape made of elastomer which is guided upwards on the column.

The profiles and the band are preferably made of stainless steel sheet. However, the sheets can also be galvanized and the use of plastic is also possible.

In order to achieve a seal between different floor slats, the floor slab preferably has a groove or tongue-forming joint profile at the transition to another floor slab, which is firmly connected to the floor slab via anchoring means. While the groove of a base plate interacts dynamically with the tongue of another base plate, the anchoring means ensure that the tongue profile does not tear off the base plate. In order to also stop liquid possibly passing through the tongue and groove profile, a sealing tape made of elastomer, which is known for such applications, can be used below the profile area.

To solve the problem also includes a method for producing such a plate, are used in the steel wire fibers with anchoring, steel bars and / or steel mesh to the openings of the cracks in the Limit the sealing area to a maximum width of 0.2 mm.

In principle, there are various options for combining the steel wire fibers, bar steel and / or matt steel to ensure the required sealing properties in the sealing area according to the invention.

However, a special embodiment of the method provides for the following process steps:

First, reinforcement of at least 300 mm ² per running meter is placed on spacers in both directions and then fiber concrete of at least 30 kg / m ³ steel wire fibers is installed, with a maximum concrete cover of 5 cm.

This method is suitable for the production of a floor whose surface is to be protected against the ingress of liquids. The spacers ensure that the crack width is limited to a maximum of 0.2 mm only in a narrowly defined sealing area, if possible directly below the surface of the floor. Larger crack widths in the concrete below this sealing area cannot have a negative effect on the tightness of the floor, since penetration of liquid into this concrete area is prevented by the sealing area.

With this method it is advantageous if all sides are sealed or be formed as a collecting tray by means of upstands. The upstands can be made of stainless steel, galvanized steel or plastic and the base plate should be cast in one pour with the upstands. The formation of floors as collecting basins made of concrete is known and extensively described under the term "white basin".

It is also advantageous if the concrete is post-treated in order to increase the tightness of the surface. The aftertreatment consists of a layer of water that should be kept for at least 4 weeks or a sprayed aftertreatment.

Exemplary embodiments and detailed solutions are shown in the drawing and are described in more detail below.

Figur 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Bodenplatte mit Unterbau,

Figur 2

eins Bodenplatte mit Aufkantungsprofil,

Figur 3

ein H-förmiges Kupplungsstück

Figur 4

ein Aufkantungsprofil um eine Säule

Figur 5

die Ansicht von Figur 4 mit hochgezogendem Dichtungsband,

Figur 6

eine Draufsicht auf die Darstellung nach Figur 5 mit ringförmigen Band,

Figur 7

eine Seitenansicht der in Figur 6 gezeigten Säulenabdichtung,

Figur 8

eine Säulenabdichtung im Wandbereich,

Figur 9

eine Draufsicht auf die Säulenabdichtung nach Figur 8,

Figur 10

eine teilweise geschnittene Seitenansicht der Säulenabdichtung nach Figur 8,

Figur 11

das Aufkantungsprofil für eine Türabdichtung,

Figur 12

Dichtungsband und Fugenprofil für eine Türabdichtung und

Figur 13

eine Türabdichtung vor dem Einbringen der Betonschicht.

It shows

Figure 1

a base plate according to the invention with substructure,

Figure 2

one base plate with upstand profile,

Figure 3

an H-shaped coupling piece

Figure 4

an upstand profile around a column

Figure 5

the view of Figure 4 with the sealing tape pulled up,

Figure 6

5 shows a plan view of the illustration according to FIG. 5 with an annular band,

Figure 7

6 shows a side view of the column seal shown in FIG. 6,

Figure 8

a column seal in the wall area,

Figure 9

8 shows a top view of the column seal according to FIG. 8,

Figure 10

8 shows a partially sectioned side view of the column seal according to FIG. 8,

Figure 11

the upstand profile for a door seal,

Figure 12

Sealing tape and joint profile for a door seal and

Figure 13

a door seal before placing the concrete layer.

The structure shown in Figure 1 consists of a base 1 which is uniformly deformable and has an unevenness of 3 cm per 4 m. There is a capillary-breaking substructure 2 made of gravel with 100% Proctor density, the surface of which has an unevenness of 2 cm per 4 m. A sub-concrete 3 is provided on this surface. There is a sliding layer 4 thereon, which can also be omitted in order to achieve a better connection between the substructure and the base plate. This creates a load-bearing floor with a flatness requirement of +/- 2 cm maximum.

On this floor, the floor slab 5 according to the invention is made of concrete, in the upper area of which a reinforcement 6 of at least 300 mm ² per linear meter is provided in both directions. On this reinforcement is a concrete cover 7 with a height of about 3 cm. The entire concrete slab is about 10 cm thick. The liquid which penetrates into the concrete slab 5 from above is stopped at the latest in the sealing area 8 around the reinforcement 6 by the interaction of steel fiber concrete and reinforcement. In the sealing area 8 around the reinforcement, the width of the cracks occurring in the concrete slab is limited to a maximum of 0.2 mm, which prevents the penetration of liquid.

In the figure, two cracks 9 and 10 are drawn in greatly enlarged, the crack 9 extending downward from the plate surface and the crack 10 running below the reinforcement. Since, according to the invention, the reinforcement 6 is arranged as close as possible to the surface of the plate and is only covered by a minimal concrete cover 7, the crack 9 only passes through the concrete cover 7 and narrows in the area of the Reinforcement 6 so far that the maximum crack width of 0.2 mm is not exceeded. The crack 10 on the underside of the reinforcement 6 can penetrate far into the base plate 5 without this affecting the tightness of the plate.

The base plate 5 shown in cross section in the figure is a plate with a field size of at least 1000 to 4000 m ² , it being ensured that the geometry of the desired fields is limited to a ratio of 1: 1 to a maximum of 1: 2. The production of such seamless panels as concrete is known from EP 137 024 B1 mentioned above.

However, since the plate in the present case is intended to meet special tightness requirements, all sides of the plate are sealed or formed as collecting trays by means of special upstands 10. If 5 expansion profiles must be provided in the area of the base plate, these fingers are additionally sealed with sealing strips. All possible fixed points are avoided or reinforced with suitable steel reinforcement perpendicular to the expected crack development. This creates a white trough that, by adding a sufficient amount of steel in an area as close as possible to the surface, meets the tightness requirements.

When the base plate 5 is made of concrete, the sliding layer 4 is placed on the substructure 2 and possibly the sub-concrete 3 (which can also be omitted), and spacers 11, 12 are placed on this sliding layer, on which the reinforcement 6 is placed. This is followed by the installation of a fiber concrete with at least 30 kg / m ³ steel wire fibers, which have an anchoring system. The max. 20 cm high layer of fiber concrete can possibly also be applied directly fresh on fresh to a concrete floor. This is a particularly inexpensive variant. As an anchoring system for the steel wire fibers, fibers in the form of waves, in the form of hooks or with end cones are suitable. The steel wire fibers must have a tensile strength of at least 1000 N / mm ² and should have a diameter between 0.5 mm and 1 mm, their length should be between 40 mm and 60 mm. Depending on the desired crack width, the fiber content and the upper reinforcement can be increased.

The concrete should not exceed a strength class of 35 N / mm ² and have a maximum water-cement value of 0.55. In order to minimize the formation of cracks, the shrinkage is kept to a minimum by concrete technology measures.

A post-treatment of the concrete is carried out during the installation to increase the tightness of the surface and to delay drying out. A layer of water, which is maintained on the concrete for at least 4 weeks, or serves as a post-treatment sprayed aftertreatment.

The statically distributed loads should not exceed 30 KN / m ² and are applied progressively to the plate, i.e. a maximum of 50% during the first six months after installation. With higher payloads, the dimensioning of the plate must be checked.

Large collecting trays such as industrial floors in freight forwarders or workshops are to be mentioned as an area of application of the base plate according to the invention. In the case of such floors, special areas are to be specially dimensioned, and reference is only made here, for example, to the built-in part areas, the border areas 1 m from the edge and the introduction points of concentrated loads.

The maximum stress is usually max. 20 cm liquid column, which occurs in the event of leakages or accidents, so that static aspects of the loads caused by liquids only play a subordinate role. However, the penetration depth that can be reached after a few days plays a special role, especially with environmentally hazardous substances, and it is therefore particularly advantageous if the sealing area is as close as possible to the surface.

Depending on the chemical composition of the liquid products that come into contact with the concrete, an additional surface protection system can be used of the concrete may be necessary, which still supports the effect of the plate according to the invention.

Other stresses, such as, for example, pressing water in a white tub, can be favorably influenced by the method according to the invention after initial static checks, since the crack width of the cracks that arise is reduced in a special sealing area.

Figure 2 shows the use of a cross-section Z-shaped upstand profile 21, which is arranged between the wall and base plate so that its lower end 22 lies in the sealing area 8 of the base plate 5 and its upper end 23 extends beyond the sealing area to such an extent that the bottom plate 5 stagnant water cannot get between the upstand profile 21 and a wall 24 behind it. The lower end 22 of the upstand profile 21 is bent upwards to form an anchoring means 25. Between the upstand profile 21 and the wall 24 there is a gap 26 in which an insulating material such as a foam strip 27 is arranged. The top of this gap 26 is closed by a bent upper end 23 of the upstand profile 21.

The coupling piece 15 shown in FIG. 3 consists of an L-shaped bent profile part 28, onto which another is provided with a bead 29 L-shaped profile part 30 is riveted in the area of the bead. This results in an essentially H-shaped cross section with two sides 31 and 32 into which upstand parts 21 can be inserted. For fastening the coupling piece 15 to the wall 24, a bore 33 is provided at the upper end of the coupling piece 15 in the area of the bead 29.

FIGS. 4 to 7 show the use of the upstand profiles 21 according to the invention in connection with the coupling piece 15 for sealing the base plate 5 against a column 34, which in the exemplary embodiment is formed by a vertical double-T beam. Two upstand profile parts 21 are placed around the column so that the ends of the profile parts engage in the columns 31 and 32 of a coupling piece 15.

Subsequently, 15 sealing tapes 14 are laid in the area of the coupling pieces so that they are pulled up in the column area 35 along the column 34 up to the upper edge of the upstand profile 21.

As shown in FIG. 6, joint profiles 13 with anchoring means 16 are placed on the sealing tapes 14, and an annular band 18 made of sheet steel is placed over them so that its lower edge is flush with the top of the base plate 5. A foam strip 19 is attached to the inside of the steel sheet within the annular band.

The cross section in FIG. 7 again clearly shows how the upstand profile 21 is initially placed around the column 34. The sealing tape 14 lies thereon and also extends along the floor in the region of the joints. Finally, at a distance from the sealing tape, the sheet 18 made of sheet steel extends circularly around the column 34. When the concrete is introduced, the base plate 5 is filled up to height 36 and in the column area 35 up to height 37.

FIGS. 8 to 10 show the sealing of a column 34 arranged on the wall 24, with upstand profiles 21 being guided around the column 34 in the column region 35 and the sealing tape 14 and the joint profile 13 being arranged as described above. FIG. 8 also shows an upper reinforcement 6 resting on spacers 11 and 12.

A top view of the arrangement according to FIG. 8 is shown in FIG. 9, in which a band 18 is also drawn, which is attached to the upstand profile 21.

FIG. 10 shows a partially sectioned side view, in which the concrete filling heights 36 and 37 are indicated in the area around the column 34. The joint profile 13 with its anchoring means 16 can also be clearly seen in this figure. The anchoring means 16 lie on a height-adjustable support device 38 on and under the joint profile 13 runs the sealing tape 14. On the anchoring means 16 is the reinforcement 6, which is also supported by spacers 11.

The wall seal in the area of a door is shown in FIGS. 11 to 13. According to FIG. 11, a specially shaped upstand profile part 21 is first inserted into a recess at the lower end 20 of the door frame 17. Then the sealing tape 14 is glued along the door sill and onto the upstand profile 21 in order to finally position the joint profile 13 thereon. Finally, the entire structure is shown in FIG. 13, which can easily be seen that even with a slight shrinkage of the base plate 5, even in the threshold area of a door as a result of the structure of the testicle plate according to the invention, no leaks are to be expected.

Claims (15)

Load-bearing, sealed base plate (5) made of concrete, in particular steel wire fiber reinforced concrete, characterized in that it has a sealing area (8), only the openings of the cracks lying in this area being restricted to a maximum width of 0.2 mm. Base plate (5) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing area (8) lies on the side of the plate which comes into contact with liquid. Base plate (5) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base plate (5) has a maximum thickness of 20 cm. Floor slab (5) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the slab in the sealing area (8) has a reinforcement (6) with a concrete cover (7) of at most 5 cm. Floor slab (5) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement (6) has at least 300 mm ² per linear meter in both directions and the concrete is a fiber reinforced concrete with at least 30 kg / m ³ steel wire. Base plate (5) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base plate (5) has seamless fields with a field size of over 1000 m ² . Base plate (5) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has an upturn profile (21) arranged at the edge of the base plate (5), the lower end (22) of which at least projects into the sealing region (8) and the upper end (23 ) rises above the sealing area (8). Base plate (5) according to claim 7, characterized in that the upturn profile (21) has anchoring means (25) at the lower end (22). Base plate (5) according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that it has a plurality of upstand profile parts (21) which are connected to one another via coupling pieces (15) which are H-shaped in cross section. Base plate (5) according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that an annular band (18) is arranged in a columnar region (35) above the sealing region (8) around the upstand profile (21). Base plate (5) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the transition to a further base plate (11) it has a groove or tongue-forming joint profile (13) which is firmly connected to the base plate by means of anchoring means. Method for producing a base plate (5) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that steel wire fibers with anchoring, bar steel or mesh steel are used in order to limit the openings of the cracks in the sealing region (8) to a width of at most 0.2 mm. Method for producing a base plate (5) according to one of Claims 1 to 11 - where a reinforcement of at least 300 mm ² per running meter is placed in both directions on spacers - then fiber concrete with at least 30 kg / m ³ steel wire fibers is installed, - A concrete cover of maximum 5 cm is provided. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that all sides of the base plate (5) are sealed or are designed as a collecting trough by means of upstands (10). Method according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that a post-treatment of the concrete is carried out in order to increase the tightness of the surface.

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