EP0762381A1 - Electroacoustic flextensional transducer - Google Patents

Electroacoustic flextensional transducer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0762381A1
EP0762381A1 EP96401885A EP96401885A EP0762381A1 EP 0762381 A1 EP0762381 A1 EP 0762381A1 EP 96401885 A EP96401885 A EP 96401885A EP 96401885 A EP96401885 A EP 96401885A EP 0762381 A1 EP0762381 A1 EP 0762381A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shell
rings
transducer
transducer according
tapes
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP96401885A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Eric Sernit
Robert Fichaux
Gilbert Roman
Yves Lagier
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0762381A1 publication Critical patent/EP0762381A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/12Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
    • G10K9/121Flextensional transducers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electroacoustic flexural transducers in which the emitting part is formed by a bent shell which is vibrated by a motor, of the piezoelectric type for example. These transducers are used to emit acoustic waves, in the sound domain for example, within waters, in particular to detect other boats by a sonar type tracking system.
  • flexural transducers are known, known more particularly under the Anglo-Saxon name “barrel stave”, which are in the form of a barrel with a concave profile instead of being convex.
  • Such a transducer is for example described in US Pat. No. 4,922,470.
  • the embodiment which is described in this patent comprises a set of internally curved panels which are machined separately and mounted on flanges of polygonal ends with screws.
  • the piezoelectric motor extends between these two flanges to set them in motion and consequently excite the walls of the constricted hollow body formed by the panels and the flanges.
  • An external rubber wall provides the necessary seal for this body.
  • Longitudinal threaded rods extending between the two flanges make it possible to prestress the piezoelectric motor.
  • the construction of such a device is particularly complicated and the device obtained has many drawbacks. More particularly, the tolerances on the mechanical dimensions do not make it possible to obtain sufficient reproducibility of the performances and the sealing under immersion is far from being guaranteed. In addition, the cost of such a complex system is significant.
  • the invention provides a flexuring transducer, of the type comprising a cylinder-shaped shell shrunk in its central part and provided with longitudinal slots extending along this constricted part, a motor formed of superimposed piezoelectric rings. and placed inside the shell along the axis thereof, tapes to close the shell, and an elastic envelope to seal the shell, mainly characterized in that the ends of the shell and the tapes are threaded to be assembled by screwing in order to prestress said motor, and in that the envelope forms an overmolded skin on the outside of said shell and having at the level of the longitudinal slots hollow grooves intended to prevent the overmolded skin from creep into said slots under the effect of immersion pressure.
  • the transducer comprises junction pieces with a diameter greater than that of the piezoelectric rings, placed at the two ends of the stack of rings so as to fit into the internal shoulders situated at the two ends of the shell in order to center the engine inside this hull.
  • the transducer further comprises prestressing rings placed between the end pieces and the tapes and threaded to be screwed into the threaded ends of the shell in order to obtain a precise value of the prestressing applied to the motor. .
  • the piezoelectric rings comprise longitudinal lateral notches making it possible to pass the connection wires of the excitation electrodes of these rings, without these connection wires extending beyond the external diameter of the rings.
  • the longitudinal slots are of variable width to optimize the operation of the transducer as a function of the immersion.
  • the tapes have a part which projects outside the ends of the shell; this overflowing part being machined in the shape of a ball joint to allow the transducers to be assembled one after the other using junction pieces adapted to these ball joints.
  • the longitudinal slots are filled with a very soft plastic material.
  • the transducer according to the invention shown in exploded and simplified view in FIG. 1, and in assembled section and more detailed in FIG. 2, comprises a shell 101, made of titanium for example, having the general shape of a tube shrunk in its central part and therefore roughly shaped like a child's toy known as a "diabolo".
  • This narrowed central part is thin and the two ends are thicker and have inside a shoulder 102 surmounted by a threaded part 103.
  • This shell will for example be machined in a solid bar to obtain the different shapes and thicknesses desired. If necessary to facilitate manufacture, it is possible to start from a tube whose ends will be forged to obtain the extra thicknesses necessary for the shoulder and the thread, and the central part of which will be constricted.
  • This shell comprises on its central portion constricted longitudinal slots 104, 6 for example, regularly distributed over the periphery of the shell. These slots provide sufficient flexibility and regular contraction of the shell under the effect of immersion. They are obtained for example by milling and their width is constant when the pressure is not applied.
  • the outer wall of the shell is covered by overmolding with a sealing envelope 105, or skin, in polyurethane for example.
  • an excitation motor is placed formed by a stack of piezoelectric ceramic rings 106 separated by electrodes 107. These electrodes are joined, in a known alternating manner, by connection wires 108 which make it possible to apply the excitation voltages necessary to the ceramic rings.
  • the two ends of this stack are terminated by joining pieces 109 whose diameter is larger than the ceramic rings and which are housed exactly on the shoulders 102 to keep the engine centered in the middle of the hull.
  • the diameter of the ceramic rings is chosen so that at maximum immersion, the shell 101, contracted under the effect of pressure, does not touch these rings.
  • the parts 109 have at the junction with the ceramic rings a chamfer 110, not shown in Figure 1, which allows to distribute the prestressing pressure applied to the rings by these parts.
  • the invention proposes to provide, as shown in FIG. 3, on the lateral faces of the stack of rings two grooves 111 which allow to pass the connection wires 108.
  • connection wires 108 have been formed on the lateral junction face between the rings and one or the other, or both, junction pieces 109, which then allow the connection wires 108 to penetrate inside. from the central hole 112 of the stack of rings, so that these connection wires can come out of the assembled transducer.
  • end screws 113 are screwed to the two ends of this hull. threaded to the pitch of the internal thread 103.
  • these tapes are in one piece and provided for pressing directly on the junction pieces 109, while in the preferred embodiment shown Figure 2 using prestressing rings 114 which are screwed first in the thread 103 to obtain the desired prestressing at a fixed value.
  • the tapes 113 themselves are then screwed, which come to lock against the rings 114 without modifying the value of the prestressing and by performing a locking of the nut / lock nut type.
  • the slots 104 in the shell 101 allow this shell to vibrate under the influence of the piezoelectric motor, precisely according to the characteristic of a flextensor, giving the constricted central part of this shell the necessary flexibility.
  • the invention proposes, as shown in FIG. 4, to place in these slots during during the overmolding operation, a shuttering tool formed by a T-shaped section 404, the horizontal branch of which comes to rest on the inner face of the shell 101, and the vertical branch of which obstructs the slot by exceeding slightly from the outer surface of the hull.
  • This protrusion is for example provided to have a dimension substantially equal to half the thickness of the skin 105.
  • removes the obturation tools 404 which frees the slots 104 and leaves in front of these slots in the thickness of the skin a cavity 414 of width substantially equal to that of the slot. This cavity prevents the material constituting the skin from creeping inside the slot 104 under the effect of the pressure when the transducer is immersed.
  • Figure 4 The representation of Figure 4 is made in a radial section of the shell at one of the slots 104, and for the simplicity of the drawing the curvature of the shell and its sealing skin have not been shown.
  • the central part of the shell tends to shrink more and more and the slots close little by little.
  • the slots close completely and their edges come into contact. This particularly disturbs the operation of the transducer whose flexibility due to the slots disappears, and in practice it can no longer emit a sufficient acoustic level. This does not have a of great importance, since we have then exceeded the maximum depth for which the transducer is intended.
  • the mechanical strength of the shell increases significantly and in practice the diameter of the narrowed central part practically no longer decreases.
  • slots 104 it is also possible not to completely open the slots 104, so that they simply have the shape of a groove closed towards the inside of the shell by a material of low stiffness making it possible to seal .
  • Another variant consists in filling these slots, the width of which is for example 0.5 mm and the thickness (equal to the thickness of the shell) of 2.5 mm, with an extremely soft filling material, another polyurethane variety as that allowing to obtain the skin 105 for example, in order to obtain a filling both improving the tightness and fighting against the creep of the skin without interfering with the acoustic properties of the shell.
  • Transducers of this type are often used in the form of strings to make a linear antenna emitting radially.
  • the invention therefore proposes to machine the tapes 113 in the form of a ball joint pierced at its center to ensure the continuity of the central hole 112 which passes through the stack of rings 106
  • the successive transducers can be joined in a chain using, for example, a removable junction piece as shown in FIG. 5.
  • This junction piece comprises two identical parts 213 joined by a screw 214.
  • the assembly has two recesses spherical 215 in which can accommodate the ball joints of the ends 113 of two adjacent transducers. This allows a fixing having a certain flexibility to obtain a flexible complete linear antenna which can be wound on a drum of large diameter and slightly deform under the effect of the hydrodynamic forces applied when it is towed, so as not to risk breaking.
  • the invention also proposes to achieve the junction between two successive transducers using a module 301 externally having a shape quite similar to that of a transducer but whose ends are hollowed out to present spherical recesses 313 adapted to receive the spherical ends of the tapes 113.
  • the fixing between these tapes and these recesses will be done in any way known in the art of mechanics.
  • the parts 301 may be hollow to present a sufficient internal volume to be able to have electronic circuits there, such as amplifiers, multiplexers, and analog / digital converters intended to be connected to the piezoelectric ceramic rings 106 of the transducers in order to be able to feed them.
  • This connection will be made by cables passing through the axial hole 112 which extends from one end to the other of the transducer.
  • An axial hole of the same kind extending from one end to the other of the intermediate part 301 will make it possible to pass cables which extend along the antenna in order to be able to go up to the tractor building of this antenna.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Abstract

The transducer includes a titanium shell (101) with a tubular shape and presenting a number of longitudinal slits (104,6) around its central section. The exterior of the shell is covered by a sealing polyurethane envelope (105). The shell houses a piezoelectric motor (106) with electrodes (107) connected to a voltage source via electrical wires (108). The motor is fixed in the middle of the shell by two ceramic rings. Two caps (113) are screwed on the shell extremities.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte aux transducteurs électroacoustiques flextenseurs dans lesquelle la partie émettrice est formée d'une coque fléchie qui est mise en vibration par un moteur, du type piézoélectrique par exemple. Ces transducteurs servent à émettre des ondes acoustiques, dans le domaine sonore par exemple, au sein des eaux, notamment pour détecter les autres bateaux par un système de repérage du type sonar.The present invention relates to electroacoustic flexural transducers in which the emitting part is formed by a bent shell which is vibrated by a motor, of the piezoelectric type for example. These transducers are used to emit acoustic waves, in the sound domain for example, within waters, in particular to detect other boats by a sonar type tracking system.

On connaît différents types de transducteurs flextenseurs, connus plus particulièrement sous l'appellation anglo-saxonne "barrel stave", qui se présentent sous la forme d'un tonneau au profil concave au lieu d'être convexe.Different types of flexural transducers are known, known more particularly under the Anglo-Saxon name "barrel stave", which are in the form of a barrel with a concave profile instead of being convex.

Un tel transducteur est par exemple décrit dans le brevet US 4,922,470. La réalisation qui est décrite dans ce brevet comporte un ensemble de panneaux bombés intérieurement qui sont usinés séparément et montés sur des flasques d'extrémités polygonales avec des vis. Le moteur piezoélectrique s'étend entre ces deux flasques pour les mettre en mouvement et exciter par conséquent les parois du corps creux rétreint constitué par les panneaux et les flasques. Une paroi externe en caoutchouc permet d'obtenir l'étanchéité nécessaire de ce corps. Des tiges filetées longitudinales s'étendant entre les deux flasques permettent de précontraindre le moteur piézoélectrique. La construction d'un tel dispositif est particulièrement compliquée et le dispositif obtenu présente de nombreux inconvénients. Plus particulièrement les tolérances sur les côtes mécaniques ne permettent pas d'obtenir une reproductibilité suffisante des performances et l'étanchéité en immersion est loin d'être assurée. En outre le coût d'un système aussi complexe est important.Such a transducer is for example described in US Pat. No. 4,922,470. The embodiment which is described in this patent comprises a set of internally curved panels which are machined separately and mounted on flanges of polygonal ends with screws. The piezoelectric motor extends between these two flanges to set them in motion and consequently excite the walls of the constricted hollow body formed by the panels and the flanges. An external rubber wall provides the necessary seal for this body. Longitudinal threaded rods extending between the two flanges make it possible to prestress the piezoelectric motor. The construction of such a device is particularly complicated and the device obtained has many drawbacks. More particularly, the tolerances on the mechanical dimensions do not make it possible to obtain sufficient reproducibility of the performances and the sealing under immersion is far from being guaranteed. In addition, the cost of such a complex system is significant.

On connaît aussi du brevet US 3,258,738 un transducteur flextenseur semblable à celui-ci et dans lequel le corps creux est monobloc et comporte des fentes longitudinales permettant d'obtenir la forme rétreinte. Toutefois là aussi les flasques d'extrémités sont fixées sur le corps par un système de vis, et l'étanchéité est obtenue par un revêtement de caoutchouc interne. En outre ce dispositif ne comporte apparemment pas de système de précontrainte, ce qui oblige à priori à l'utilisateur d'éviter de fortes immersions, sauf à prévoir des modalités de fabrication particulièrement compliqués. Comme par ailleurs les flasques d'extrémités sont étanches, une telle immersion tendrait à décoller le revêtement interne de caoutchouc et à perturber le fonctionnement du transducteur.Also known from US Pat. No. 3,258,738 is a flextensor transducer similar to this one and in which the hollow body is in one piece and has longitudinal slots making it possible to obtain the constricted shape. However, here too, the end flanges are fixed to the body by a system of screws, and the seal is obtained by an internal rubber coating. In addition, this device apparently does not include a prestressing system, which a priori obliges the user to avoid heavy immersion, unless provision is made for manufacturing methods in particular. complicated. As, moreover, the end flanges are sealed, such immersion would tend to peel off the internal rubber coating and disturb the operation of the transducer.

Pour pallier ces inconvénients, l'invention propose un transducteur flextenseur, du type comprenant une coque en forme de cylindre rétreint en sa partie centrale et munie de fentes longitudinales s'étendant le long de cette partie rétreinte, un moteur formé d'anneaux piézoélectriques superposés et placés à l'intérieur de la coque selon l'axe de celle-ci, des tapes pour fermer la coque, et une enveloppe élastique pour assurer l'étanchéité de la coque, principalement caractérisé en ce que les extrémités de la coque et les tapes sont filetées pour s'assembler par vissage afin de précontraindre ledit moteur, et en ce que l'enveloppe forme une peau surmoulée sur l'extérieur de ladite coque et présentant au niveau des fentes longitudinales des rainures creuses destinées à empêcher la peau surmoulée de fluer dans les dites fentes sous l'effet de la pression d'immersion.To overcome these drawbacks, the invention provides a flexuring transducer, of the type comprising a cylinder-shaped shell shrunk in its central part and provided with longitudinal slots extending along this constricted part, a motor formed of superimposed piezoelectric rings. and placed inside the shell along the axis thereof, tapes to close the shell, and an elastic envelope to seal the shell, mainly characterized in that the ends of the shell and the tapes are threaded to be assembled by screwing in order to prestress said motor, and in that the envelope forms an overmolded skin on the outside of said shell and having at the level of the longitudinal slots hollow grooves intended to prevent the overmolded skin from creep into said slots under the effect of immersion pressure.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le transducteur comprend des pièces de jonction de diamètre supérieur à celui des anneaux piézoélectriques, placées aux deux extrémités de l'empilage d'anneaux pour venir s'emboîter dans les épaulements intérieurs situés aux deux extrémités de la coque afin de centrer le moteur à l'intérieur de cette coque.According to another characteristic, the transducer comprises junction pieces with a diameter greater than that of the piezoelectric rings, placed at the two ends of the stack of rings so as to fit into the internal shoulders situated at the two ends of the shell in order to center the engine inside this hull.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le transducteur comprend en outre des bagues de précontrainte placées entre les pièces d'extrémités et les tapes et filetées pour venir se visser dans les extrémités filetés de la coque afin d'obtenir une valeur précise de la précontrainte appliquée au moteur.According to another characteristic, the transducer further comprises prestressing rings placed between the end pieces and the tapes and threaded to be screwed into the threaded ends of the shell in order to obtain a precise value of the prestressing applied to the motor. .

Selon une autre caractéristique, les anneaux piézoélectriques comportent des entailles latérales longitudinales permettant de faire passer les fils de connexion des électrodes d'excitation de ces anneaux, sans que ces fils de connexion ne débordent du diamètre extérieur des anneaux.According to another characteristic, the piezoelectric rings comprise longitudinal lateral notches making it possible to pass the connection wires of the excitation electrodes of these rings, without these connection wires extending beyond the external diameter of the rings.

Selon une autre caractéristique, les fentes longitudinales sont de largeur variable pour optimiser le fonctionnement du transducteur en fonction de l'immersion.According to another characteristic, the longitudinal slots are of variable width to optimize the operation of the transducer as a function of the immersion.

Selon une autre caractéristique les tapes présentent une partie qui déborde à l'extérieur des extrémités de la coque; cette partie débordante étant usinée en forme de rotule pour permettre d'assembler les transducteurs les uns au bout des autres à l'aide de pièces de jonction adaptées à ces rotules.According to another characteristic, the tapes have a part which projects outside the ends of the shell; this overflowing part being machined in the shape of a ball joint to allow the transducers to be assembled one after the other using junction pieces adapted to these ball joints.

Selon une autre caractéristique les fentes longitudinales sont remplies par un matériau plastique très mou.According to another characteristic, the longitudinal slots are filled with a very soft plastic material.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront clairement dans la description suivante, présentée à titre d'exemple non limitatif en regard des figures annexées qui représentent :

  • la figure 1, une vue simplifiée et éclatée d'un transducteur selon l'invention;
  • la figure 2, une vue en coupe d'un tel transducteur assemblé;
  • la figure 3, une vue en perspective de l'assemblage des anneaux piézoélectriques de ce transducteur;
  • la figure 4, un détail en coupe de la coque de ce transducteur;
  • la figure 5, une vue en coupe d'une pièce de jonction entre deux transducteurs successifs; et
  • la figure 6, une vue en coupe partielle d'un transducteur assemblé avec un module de jonction de deux transducteurs entre eux.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear clearly in the following description, presented by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the appended figures which represent:
  • Figure 1, a simplified and exploded view of a transducer according to the invention;
  • Figure 2, a sectional view of such an assembled transducer;
  • Figure 3, a perspective view of the assembly of the piezoelectric rings of this transducer;
  • Figure 4, a detail in section of the shell of this transducer;
  • Figure 5, a sectional view of a connecting piece between two successive transducers; and
  • Figure 6, a partial sectional view of a transducer assembled with a module for joining two transducers together.

Le transducteur selon l'invention représenté en vue éclatée et simplifiée sur la figure 1, et en coupe assemblée et plus détaillée sur la figure 2, comprend une coque 101, en titane par exemple, présentant la forme générale d'un tube rétreint dans sa partie centrale et ayant donc grossièrement la forme du jouet d'enfant connu sous le nom de "diabolo". Cette partie centrale rétreinte est mince et les deux extrémités sont plus épaisses et comportent à l'intérieur un épaulement 102 surmonté d'une partie filetée 103. Cette coque sera par exemple usinée dans un barreau massif pour obtenir les différentes formes et épaisseurs voulues. Le cas échéant pour faciliter la fabrication on pourra partir d'un tube dont les extrémités seront forgées pour obtenir les sur-épaisseurs nécessaires à l'épaulement et au filetage, et dont la partie centrale sera rétreinte.The transducer according to the invention shown in exploded and simplified view in FIG. 1, and in assembled section and more detailed in FIG. 2, comprises a shell 101, made of titanium for example, having the general shape of a tube shrunk in its central part and therefore roughly shaped like a child's toy known as a "diabolo". This narrowed central part is thin and the two ends are thicker and have inside a shoulder 102 surmounted by a threaded part 103. This shell will for example be machined in a solid bar to obtain the different shapes and thicknesses desired. If necessary to facilitate manufacture, it is possible to start from a tube whose ends will be forged to obtain the extra thicknesses necessary for the shoulder and the thread, and the central part of which will be constricted.

Cette coque comprend sur sa partie centrale rétreinte des fentes longitudinales 104, 6 par exemple, réparties régulièrement sur la périphérie de la coque. Ces fentes permettent d'obtenir une souplesse suffisante et une contraction régulière de la coque sous l'effet de l'immersion. Elles sont obtenues par exemple par fraisage et leur largeur est constante lorsque la pression n'est pas appliquée.This shell comprises on its central portion constricted longitudinal slots 104, 6 for example, regularly distributed over the periphery of the shell. These slots provide sufficient flexibility and regular contraction of the shell under the effect of immersion. They are obtained for example by milling and their width is constant when the pressure is not applied.

La paroi extérieure de la coque est recouverte par surmoulage d'une enveloppe d'étanchéité 105, ou peau, en polyuréthanne par exemple.The outer wall of the shell is covered by overmolding with a sealing envelope 105, or skin, in polyurethane for example.

A l'intérieur de cette coque, on place un moteur d'excitation formé d'un empilement d'anneaux en céramique piézoélectrique 106 séparés par des électrodes 107. Ces électrodes sont réunies, d'une manière alternée connue, par des fils de connexion 108 qui permettent d'appliquer les tensions d'excitation nécessaires aux anneaux de céramique. Les deux extrémités de cet empilage sont terminées par des pièces de jonction 109 dont le diamètre est plus grand que les anneaux de céramique et qui viennent se loger exactement sur les épaulements 102 pour maintenir le moteur centré au milieu de la coque. Le diamètre des anneaux de céramique est choisi pour qu'à l'immersion maximale la coque 101, contractée sous l'effet de la pression, ne touche pas ces anneaux. Les pièces 109 comportent au niveau de la jonction avec les anneaux de céramique un chanfrein 110, non représenté sur la figure 1, qui permet de répartir la pression de précontrainte appliquée sur les anneaux par ces pièces. Pour garder néanmoins un diamètre maximal aux anneaux de céramique, qui représentent l'élément moteur du dispositif, l'invention propose de ménager, comme représenté sur la figure 3, sur les faces latérales de l'empilage d'anneaux deux gorges 111 qui permettent de faire passer les fils de connexions 108.Inside this shell, an excitation motor is placed formed by a stack of piezoelectric ceramic rings 106 separated by electrodes 107. These electrodes are joined, in a known alternating manner, by connection wires 108 which make it possible to apply the excitation voltages necessary to the ceramic rings. The two ends of this stack are terminated by joining pieces 109 whose diameter is larger than the ceramic rings and which are housed exactly on the shoulders 102 to keep the engine centered in the middle of the hull. The diameter of the ceramic rings is chosen so that at maximum immersion, the shell 101, contracted under the effect of pressure, does not touch these rings. The parts 109 have at the junction with the ceramic rings a chamfer 110, not shown in Figure 1, which allows to distribute the prestressing pressure applied to the rings by these parts. To keep nevertheless a maximum diameter of the ceramic rings, which represent the driving element of the device, the invention proposes to provide, as shown in FIG. 3, on the lateral faces of the stack of rings two grooves 111 which allow to pass the connection wires 108.

En outre on a ménagé sur la face latérale de jonction entre les anneaux et l'une ou l'autre, ou les deux, pièces de jonction 109, des rainures radiales qui permettent ensuite de faire pénétrer les fils de connexion 108 à l'intérieur du trou central 112 de l'empilage d'anneaux, de manière à pouvoir faire sortir ces fils de connexion du transducteur assemblé.In addition, radial grooves have been formed on the lateral junction face between the rings and one or the other, or both, junction pieces 109, which then allow the connection wires 108 to penetrate inside. from the central hole 112 of the stack of rings, so that these connection wires can come out of the assembled transducer.

Pour terminer l'assemblage du transducteur, et obtenir la précontrainte nécessaire à son fonctionnement, après avoir placé à l'intérieur de la coque le moteur formé par l'assemblage des anneaux on visse au deux extrémités de cette coque des tapes terminales 113 qui sont filetées au pas du filetage intérieur 103. Sur la vue simplifiée de la figure 1, ces tapes sont monoblocs et prévues pour appuyer directement sur les pièces de jonction 109, alors que dans la réalisation préférée représenté sur la figure 2 on utilise des bagues de précontrainte 114 qui sont vissées en premier dans le filetage 103 pour obtenir la précontrainte souhaitée à une valeur bien fixe. On visse ensuite les tapes 113 elles-mêmes, qui viennent se bloquer contre les bagues 114 sans modifier la valeur de la précontrainte et en effectuant un verrouillage du type écrou/contre-écrou.To complete the assembly of the transducer, and obtain the preload necessary for its operation, after having placed inside the hull the motor formed by the assembly of the rings, end screws 113 are screwed to the two ends of this hull. threaded to the pitch of the internal thread 103. In the simplified view of FIG. 1, these tapes are in one piece and provided for pressing directly on the junction pieces 109, while in the preferred embodiment shown Figure 2 using prestressing rings 114 which are screwed first in the thread 103 to obtain the desired prestressing at a fixed value. The tapes 113 themselves are then screwed, which come to lock against the rings 114 without modifying the value of the prestressing and by performing a locking of the nut / lock nut type.

Les fentes 104 dans la coque 101 permettent à cette coque de vibrer sous l'influence du moteur piézoélectrique, selon justement la caractéristique d'un flextenseur, en donnant à la partie centrale rétreinte de cette coque la souplesse nécessaire. Pour éviter que sous l'influence de la pression la peau extérieure élastique 105 qui est surmoulée sur la coque vienne fluer dans ces fentes 104 en limitant cette souplesse, l'invention propose, comme représenté sur la figure 4, de placer dans ces fentes lors de l'opération de surmoulage un outillage d'obturation formé d'un profilé 404 en forme de T, dont la branche horizontale vient s'appuyer sur la face intérieur de la coque 101, et dont la branche verticale vient obstruer la fente en dépassant légèrement de la surface extérieur de la coque. Ce dépassement est par exemple prévu pour avoir une dimension sensiblement égale à la moitié de l'épaisseur de la peau 105. A la fin des opérations de moulage de la peau 105, lorsque la consistance de celle-ci a atteint la valeur souhaitée, on retire les outils d'obturation 404, ce qui libère les fentes 104 et laisse subsister en face de ces fentes dans l'épaisseur de la peau une cavité 414 de largeur sensiblement égale à celle de la fente. Cette cavité empêche le matériau constituant la peau de fluer à l'intérieur de la fente 104 sous l'effet de la pression lorsque le transducteur est immergé.The slots 104 in the shell 101 allow this shell to vibrate under the influence of the piezoelectric motor, precisely according to the characteristic of a flextensor, giving the constricted central part of this shell the necessary flexibility. To avoid that under the influence of pressure the elastic outer skin 105 which is overmolded on the shell comes to flow in these slots 104 by limiting this flexibility, the invention proposes, as shown in FIG. 4, to place in these slots during during the overmolding operation, a shuttering tool formed by a T-shaped section 404, the horizontal branch of which comes to rest on the inner face of the shell 101, and the vertical branch of which obstructs the slot by exceeding slightly from the outer surface of the hull. This protrusion is for example provided to have a dimension substantially equal to half the thickness of the skin 105. At the end of the molding operations of the skin 105, when the consistency of the latter has reached the desired value, removes the obturation tools 404, which frees the slots 104 and leaves in front of these slots in the thickness of the skin a cavity 414 of width substantially equal to that of the slot. This cavity prevents the material constituting the skin from creeping inside the slot 104 under the effect of the pressure when the transducer is immersed.

La représentation de la figure 4 est faite selon une coupe radiale de la coque au niveau de l'une des fentes 104, et pour la simplicité du dessin la courbure de la coque et de sa peau d'étanchéité n'ont pas été représentées.The representation of Figure 4 is made in a radial section of the shell at one of the slots 104, and for the simplicity of the drawing the curvature of the shell and its sealing skin have not been shown.

Sous l'effet de la pression due à l'immersion, la partie centrale de la coque tend à se rétreindre de plus en plus et les fentes se ferment petit à petit. Lorsque l'on est arrivé à l'immersion maximale pour laquelle le transducteur est étudié, les fentes se ferment complètement et leurs bords viennent en contact. Ceci perturbe particulièrement le fonctionnement du transducteur dont la souplesse due aux fentes disparaît, et dans la pratique il ne peut plus émettre un niveau acoustique suffisant. Ceci n'a pas une grande importance, puisque l'on a alors dépassé la profondeur maximale pour laquelle le transducteur est prévu. En contrepartie la résistance mécanique de la coque augmente de manière importante et en pratique le diamètre de la partie centrale rétreinte ne diminue pratiquement plus. Comme l'ensemble des pièces est étudié que pour le jeu résiduel à cet instant entre la coque ainsi refermée et le pilier central de céramiques piézoélectriques soit suffisant pour éviter tout contact entre cette coque et ce pilier, même sous l'effet d'une pression beaucoup plus importante que la pression nominale prévue, on protège ainsi les anneaux de céramique, qui sont particulièrement fragiles. On obtient ainsi une sécurité importante du transducteur contre les immersions accidentelles trop profondes.Under the effect of the pressure due to immersion, the central part of the shell tends to shrink more and more and the slots close little by little. When the maximum immersion for which the transducer is studied has been reached, the slots close completely and their edges come into contact. This particularly disturbs the operation of the transducer whose flexibility due to the slots disappears, and in practice it can no longer emit a sufficient acoustic level. This does not have a of great importance, since we have then exceeded the maximum depth for which the transducer is intended. On the other hand, the mechanical strength of the shell increases significantly and in practice the diameter of the narrowed central part practically no longer decreases. As all the parts are studied that for the residual clearance at this instant between the shell thus closed and the central pillar of piezoelectric ceramics is sufficient to avoid any contact between this shell and this pillar, even under the effect of pressure much higher than the nominal pressure provided, this protects the ceramic rings, which are particularly fragile. This provides significant safety of the transducer against accidental too deep accidental immersion.

A titre de variante on peut prévoir également de ne pas faire déboucher complètement les fentes 104, afin qu'elles présentent simplement la forme d'une gorge fermée vers l'intérieur de la coque par un matériau de faible raideur permettant de faire l'étanchéité.Alternatively, it is also possible not to completely open the slots 104, so that they simply have the shape of a groove closed towards the inside of the shell by a material of low stiffness making it possible to seal .

Une autre variante consiste a remplir ces fentes, dont la largeur est par exemple de 0,5 mm et l'épaisseur ( égale à l'épaisseur de la coque) de 2,5 mm, par un matériau de remplissage extrêmement mou, une autre variété de polyuréthanne que celle permettant d'obtenir la peau 105 par exemple, afin d'obtenir un remplissage à la fois améliorant l'étanchéité et luttant contre le fluage de la peau sans gêner les propriétés acoustiques de la coque.Another variant consists in filling these slots, the width of which is for example 0.5 mm and the thickness (equal to the thickness of the shell) of 2.5 mm, with an extremely soft filling material, another polyurethane variety as that allowing to obtain the skin 105 for example, in order to obtain a filling both improving the tightness and fighting against the creep of the skin without interfering with the acoustic properties of the shell.

Les transducteurs de ce type sont souvent utilisés sous forme de chapelet pour réaliser une antenne linéaire émettant radialement. Pour faciliter l'assemblage d'une telle antenne, l'invention propose donc d'usiner les tapes 113 sous la forme d'une rotule percée en son centre pour assurer la continuité du trou central 112 qui traverse l'empilage d'anneaux 106. De cette manière on peut réunir en chapelet les transducteurs successifs en utilisant par exemple une pièce de jonction démontable telle que représentée sur la figure 5. Cette pièce de jonction comprend deux parties identiques 213 réunies par une vis 214. L'ensemble présente deux creux sphériques 215 dans lesquels peuvent se loger les rotules des extrémités 113 de deux transducteurs adjacents. Ceci permet d'avoir une fixation présentant une certaine flexibilité pour obtenir une antenne linéaire complète flexible pouvant être enroulée sur un tambour de grand diamètre et se déformer légèrement sous l'effet des efforts hydrodynamiques appliqués lorsqu'elle est tractée, afin de ne pas risquer de rupture.Transducers of this type are often used in the form of strings to make a linear antenna emitting radially. To facilitate the assembly of such an antenna, the invention therefore proposes to machine the tapes 113 in the form of a ball joint pierced at its center to ensure the continuity of the central hole 112 which passes through the stack of rings 106 In this way, the successive transducers can be joined in a chain using, for example, a removable junction piece as shown in FIG. 5. This junction piece comprises two identical parts 213 joined by a screw 214. The assembly has two recesses spherical 215 in which can accommodate the ball joints of the ends 113 of two adjacent transducers. This allows a fixing having a certain flexibility to obtain a flexible complete linear antenna which can be wound on a drum of large diameter and slightly deform under the effect of the hydrodynamic forces applied when it is towed, so as not to risk breaking.

A titre de variante, représentée sur la figure 6, l'invention propose également de réaliser la jonction entre deux transducteurs successifs à l'aide d'un module 301 présentant extérieurement une forme tout à fait semblable à celle d'un transducteur mais dont les extrémités sont évidées pour présenter des creux sphériques 313 adaptés à recevoir les extrémités sphériques des tapes 113. La fixation entre ces tapes et ces creux se fera de toutes manières connues dans l'art de la mécanique. On aura ainsi une antenne linéaire parfaitement régulière et flexible et les pièces 301 pourront être creuses pour présenter un volume intérieur suffisant pour pouvoir y disposer des circuits électroniques, tels que des amplificateurs, des multiplexeurs, et des convertisseurs analogiques/numériques destinés à être connectés aux anneaux de céramique piézoélectrique 106 des transducteurs afin de pouvoir alimenter ceux-ci. Cette connexion se fera par l'intermédiaire de câbles traversant le trou axial 112 qui s'étend d'une extrémité à l'autre du transducteur. Un trou axial de même nature s'étendant d'une extrémité à l'autre de la pièce intermédiaire 301 permettra de faire passer des câbles qui s'étendent le long de l'antenne pour pouvoir remonter jusqu'au bâtiment tracteur de cette antenne.Alternatively, shown in Figure 6, the invention also proposes to achieve the junction between two successive transducers using a module 301 externally having a shape quite similar to that of a transducer but whose ends are hollowed out to present spherical recesses 313 adapted to receive the spherical ends of the tapes 113. The fixing between these tapes and these recesses will be done in any way known in the art of mechanics. There will thus be a perfectly regular and flexible linear antenna and the parts 301 may be hollow to present a sufficient internal volume to be able to have electronic circuits there, such as amplifiers, multiplexers, and analog / digital converters intended to be connected to the piezoelectric ceramic rings 106 of the transducers in order to be able to feed them. This connection will be made by cables passing through the axial hole 112 which extends from one end to the other of the transducer. An axial hole of the same kind extending from one end to the other of the intermediate part 301 will make it possible to pass cables which extend along the antenna in order to be able to go up to the tractor building of this antenna.

Claims (7)

Transducteur flextenseur, du type comprenant une coque (101) en forme de cylindre rétreint en sa partie centrale et munie de fentes (104) longitudinales s'étendant le long de cette partie rétreinte, un moteur formé d'anneaux piézoélectriques(106) superposés et placés à l'intérieur de la coque selon l'axe de celle-ci, des tapes (113) pour fermer la coque, et une enveloppe élastique (105) pour assurer l'étanchéité de la coque, caractérisé en ce que les extrémités de la coque et les tapes sont filetées (113) pour s'assembler par vissage afin de précontraindre ledit moteur, et en ce que l'enveloppe forme une peau surmoulée sur l'extérieur de ladite coque et présentant au niveau des fentes longitudinales (104) des rainures creuses (414) destinées à empêcher la peau surmoulée de fluer dans lesdites fentes sous l'effet de la pression d'immersion.Flextensor transducer, of the type comprising a shell (101) in the form of a cylinder constricted in its central part and provided with longitudinal slots (104) extending along this constricted part, a motor formed of superimposed piezoelectric rings (106) and placed inside the shell along the axis thereof, tapes (113) to close the shell, and an elastic envelope (105) to seal the shell, characterized in that the ends of the shell and the tapes are threaded (113) to be assembled by screwing in order to prestress said motor, and in that the envelope forms a skin overmolded on the outside of said shell and having at the level of longitudinal slots (104) hollow grooves (414) intended to prevent the overmolded skin from creeping in said slots under the effect of the immersion pressure. Transducteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des pièces de jonction (109) de diamètre supérieur à celui des anneaux piézoélectriques (106), placées aux deux extrémités de l'empilage d'anneaux pour venir s'emboîter dans les épaulements intérieurs (102) situés aux deux extrémités de la coque (101) afin de centrer le moteur à l'intérieur de cette coque.Transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises junction pieces (109) of diameter greater than that of the piezoelectric rings (106), placed at the two ends of the stack of rings to come to fit in the inner shoulders (102) located at the two ends of the hull (101) in order to center the engine inside this hull. Transducteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre des bagues de précontrainte (114) placées entre les pièces d'extrémités (113) et les tapes et filetées pour venir se visser dans les extrémités filetées (103) de la coque afin d'obtenir une valeur précise de la précontrainte appliquée au moteur.Transducer according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it further comprises prestressing rings (114) placed between the end pieces (113) and the tapes and threaded to be screwed into the ends threaded (103) of the hull in order to obtain a precise value of the prestressing applied to the engine. Transducteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les anneaux piézoélectrique comportent des entailles latérales longitudinales (111) permettant de faire passer les fils de connexion (108) des électrodes d'excitation (107) de ces anneaux, sans que ces fils de connexion ne débordent du diamètre extérieur des anneaux.Transducer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the piezoelectric rings comprise longitudinal lateral notches (111) making it possible to pass the connection wires (108) of the excitation electrodes (107) of these rings, without these connection wires extending beyond the outer diameter of the rings. Transducteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les fentes longitudinales (104) sont de largeur variable pour optimiser le fonctionnement du transducteur en fonction de l'immersion.Transducer according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the longitudinal slots (104) are of variable width to optimize the operation of the transducer as a function of the immersion. Transducteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les tapes (113) présentent une partie qui déborde à l'extérieur des extrémités de la coque (101); cette partie débordante étant usinée en forme de rotule pour permettre d'assembler les transducteurs les uns au bout des autres à l'aide de pièces de jonction (301) adaptées à ces rotules.Transducer according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the tapes (113) have a part which projects beyond the outside of the ends of the shell (101); this projecting part being machined in the shape of a ball joint to allow the transducers to be assembled one after the other using junction pieces (301) adapted to these ball joints. Transducteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les fentes longitudinales (104) sont remplies par un matériau plastique très mou.Transducer according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the longitudinal slots (104) are filled with a very soft plastic material.
EP96401885A 1995-09-08 1996-09-03 Electroacoustic flextensional transducer Ceased EP0762381A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9510534A FR2738704B1 (en) 1995-09-08 1995-09-08 ELECTROACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER FLEXTENSEUR
FR9510534 1995-09-08

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EP0762381A1 true EP0762381A1 (en) 1997-03-12

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EP (1) EP0762381A1 (en)
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0903725A2 (en) * 1997-09-17 1999-03-24 The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Folded shell projector
WO2000023822A2 (en) * 1998-10-16 2000-04-27 Western Atlas International, Inc. Slotted cylinder marine seismic method and source

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2822960B3 (en) * 2001-03-30 2003-06-20 Thomson Marconi Sonar Sas LOW FREQUENCY UNDERWATER DETECTION SYSTEM

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3258738A (en) * 1963-11-20 1966-06-28 Honeywell Inc Underwater transducer apparatus
US4894811A (en) * 1987-05-18 1990-01-16 Raytheon Company Outboard-driven flextensional transducer
US4922470A (en) * 1988-11-15 1990-05-01 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Barrel stave projector
EP0568205A1 (en) * 1992-04-25 1993-11-03 Ferranti-Thomson Sonar Systems U.K. Limited Sonar transducer assembly

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3258738A (en) * 1963-11-20 1966-06-28 Honeywell Inc Underwater transducer apparatus
US4894811A (en) * 1987-05-18 1990-01-16 Raytheon Company Outboard-driven flextensional transducer
US4922470A (en) * 1988-11-15 1990-05-01 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Barrel stave projector
EP0568205A1 (en) * 1992-04-25 1993-11-03 Ferranti-Thomson Sonar Systems U.K. Limited Sonar transducer assembly

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0903725A2 (en) * 1997-09-17 1999-03-24 The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Folded shell projector
EP0903725A3 (en) * 1997-09-17 2001-09-12 The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Folded shell projector
WO2000023822A2 (en) * 1998-10-16 2000-04-27 Western Atlas International, Inc. Slotted cylinder marine seismic method and source
WO2000023822A3 (en) * 1998-10-16 2000-07-27 Western Atlas Int Inc Slotted cylinder marine seismic method and source

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2738704B1 (en) 1997-10-03
NO963692L (en) 1997-03-10
FR2738704A1 (en) 1997-03-14
NO963692D0 (en) 1996-09-04

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