EP0761390A1 - Clamping device - Google Patents

Clamping device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0761390A1
EP0761390A1 EP96113296A EP96113296A EP0761390A1 EP 0761390 A1 EP0761390 A1 EP 0761390A1 EP 96113296 A EP96113296 A EP 96113296A EP 96113296 A EP96113296 A EP 96113296A EP 0761390 A1 EP0761390 A1 EP 0761390A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clamping
lever
element according
ball
clamping element
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Granted
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EP96113296A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0761390B1 (en
Inventor
David Fischer
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Individual
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Individual
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B5/00Clamps
    • B25B5/06Arrangements for positively actuating jaws
    • B25B5/061Arrangements for positively actuating jaws with fluid drive
    • B25B5/064Arrangements for positively actuating jaws with fluid drive with clamping means pivoting around an axis perpendicular to the pressing direction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B5/00Clamps
    • B25B5/06Arrangements for positively actuating jaws
    • B25B5/061Arrangements for positively actuating jaws with fluid drive
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B5/00Clamps
    • B25B5/06Arrangements for positively actuating jaws
    • B25B5/12Arrangements for positively actuating jaws using toggle links
    • B25B5/122Arrangements for positively actuating jaws using toggle links with fluid drive

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a clamping element for clamping workpieces on devices, machine tables and pallets by means of a piston which is guided in a housing and which moves a connecting rod which is connected to a rotatably mounted clamping lever.
  • Clamping elements are used to fix workpieces on tables and the like.
  • the workpiece to be clamped is aligned on these tables for the respective work step and its position must not be changed afterwards.
  • the clamping claws or clamping levers must therefore grip the workpiece in such a way that it remains in its position.
  • Clamping elements, the clamping lever of which first perform a sliding movement over the part to be clamped, which then changes into a circular clamping movement have the disadvantage that the forces exerted on the workpiece do not strike and act perpendicularly, but at angles to it, since the rotation and Support point is not at the same height as the clamping point. This often moves the workpieces out of their positioned position.
  • a tensioning element is known (PS-FR 7138412), in which a vertically guided differential piston is pressurized upwards and downwards downward movement.
  • a connecting rod is inserted in a ball guide on the piston head.
  • This connecting rod acts on a crank rod to which it is connected by means of an articulated eye.
  • the crank rod in turn, is firmly connected to the actual tensioning lever via a common shaft.
  • the forces generated by the movement of the piston are transmitted via the connecting rod to the crank rod, which in turn transmits the forces to a shaft at the end of which the tensioning lever is located. This creates torrision forces and bending forces in the shaft.
  • the tensioning lever describes the same long way at its tensioning point as the end of the crank rod with the joint eye of the connecting rod.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a flat clamping element of the smallest dimensions, the force is applied approximately horizontally to the workpiece to be clamped, and the clamping forces act vertically on the workpiece to be clamped, and which has a large clamping stroke and is also sealed against contamination of all kinds .
  • the advantage of the invention lies in the small, flat design, which allows a large field of application. This means that the flat clamping element can be used on all types of devices and pallets. Another advantage is that the flat clamping element has a large clamping stroke and thus workpieces of different sizes can be assigned can. Further advantages are the seal, which makes the flat clamping element insensitive to external influences such as dust, machining chips and liquids.
  • the housing 1 is formed in the form of an open fork head 2.
  • a piston bore 3 is made in the housing 1, in which a piston 4 slides.
  • the piston rod 5 is guided in a threaded bushing 18, which also serves as a seal.
  • a spherical cap 8 is let in.
  • a connecting rod 7 is guided, which is used for the transmission of the power transmission.
  • the connecting rod 7 has an approximately equally large ball head 9a and 9b at both ends.
  • the ball head 9a is mounted in the spherical cap 8 and can thus move therein by the predetermined degree of freedom.
  • the ball head 9b is also mounted in a spherical cap 10, in which it can move with the predetermined degree of freedom.
  • the calotte 10 in turn is embedded in the tensioning lever 11. This tensioning lever 11 forms a pocket 12 in the area of the spherical cap 10. This gives the connecting rod 7 freedom in its movement.
  • a small bore 14 is made, in which a driving pin 15 is guided.
  • This driving pin 15 supports the return process of the clamping lever 11 by a guide inside the pocket 12 and thus keeps the ball head 9b in contact with the calotte 10.
  • the two are in the piston bore 3 above and below the piston 4 Pressure spaces 16 and 17 are formed, of which pressure space 16 serve for the tensioning process and pressure space 17 for the relaxation process.
  • the space between the clamping lever 11 and the threaded bushing 18 is sealed. Sealing is done using spring plates.
  • the inner spring plate 19 has a contour that is adapted to the outer contour of the stroke on the circumference of the tensioning lever 11 with the entire length, so that it is slidably guided on the spring plate 19.
  • the contour of the lower spring plate 20 is adapted to the lower contours of the tensioning lever 11, so that here too a tight seal is achieved with a sliding movement of the tensioning lever 11.
  • Another spring plate 21 establishes a connection between the housing 1 and the spring plate 19 resting on the tensioning lever 11.
  • the piston 4 is guided in a threaded bushing 18 which is equipped with appropriate seals. This threaded bushing 18 is screwed into the threaded bore 6 of the housing 1 and can therefore be easily replaced if necessary.
  • the clamping lever 11 is formed on its clamping surface so that it sits flat on the workpiece 25.
  • a spherical cap 22 is inserted into the clamping head, which receives a flattened ball 23.
  • the clamping lever 11 is provided with a constriction 24 and a bevel 29 in the region of its clamping head.
  • This constriction 24 and also the bevel 29 serve to improve the shape in order to ensure that the flattened ball 23 is placed securely on the workpiece 25. This is particularly advantageous if there are large differences in height of the workpieces to be clamped.
  • the constriction 24 and the bevel 29 weaken the flattened spherical cap 22 comprising the flattened ball 23 in its holding surface.
  • lateral enclosures 27 are provided on the clamping head, which expand the calotte guide without interfering with the clamping stroke by interfering edges.
  • the housing 1 is fixed by means of fastening screws on the respective processing plate. If the pressure chamber 16 is acted upon, the piston 4 slides in the direction of the workpiece with the piston rod 5 guided in the threaded bushing 18. So that the introduced force is transmitted to the connecting rod 7, which in turn directly, i.e. without crank rod, acts on the tensioning lever 11.
  • This clamping lever 11 performs a rotational movement about the pivot point, the cylindrical pin 13, towards the workpiece 25 to be clamped.
  • the clamping lever 11 will always hit the workpiece 25 with the flattened side of the ball 23.
  • This ball 23 thus largely compensates for the clamping force running on a circular path and ensures a uniform placement on the workpiece and a uniform introduction of force into the workpiece.
  • the bevel 29 and the constriction 24 ensure during the clamping process that the clamping lever 11 is seated only with the surface of the flattened ball 23, regardless of the heights of the workpieces to be clamped.
  • the clamping lever 11 With its outer contour, the clamping lever 11 forms approximately a quarter circle. As a result, the center of the ball head 9b, the cylinder pin center 13 and the surface of the clamping ball 23 can be positioned approximately at an angle of 90 ° to one another. This results in a lying arrangement of the connecting rod 7, piston rod 5 with piston 4.
  • the cross-section of the tensioning lever 11 is different. It is thickest in the area of the gabein, while in the area of its action it is only provided with a cross-section that is required to insert the calotte and thus to accommodate the flattened ball.
  • the pressure chamber 17 is pressurized, whereby the piston 4 slides in the piston bore 3 in the direction away from the workpiece and thereby presses out the hydraulic fluid present in the pressure chamber 16.
  • the piston rod 5 pulls the connecting rod 7 back, which in turn retrieves the tensioning lever 11 via the driving pin 15.
  • the point of engagement of the connecting rod 7 on the tensioning lever 11 is in the range above the fulcrum of the tensioning lever 11 in the cylinder pin 13.
  • the short piston stroke which causes a large opening of the tensioning lever, results because the pressure point of the small connecting rod ball and the associated calotte of the tensioning lever are extremely close to the tensioning lever pivot point.
  • An optimal arrangement of the center of the ball of the connecting rod is achieved through the pocket in the tensioning lever, so that in the tensioning position the axis runs straight through the connecting rod and through the piston rod.
  • the distance between the center of the ball of the ball 9b and the pivot point in the cylinder 13 for the clamping lever 11 is approximately half the distance between the center, the flattened ball 23 arranged in the clamping head and the center of the clamping lever in the cylinder 13.
  • the piston guide is now only due to the stroke of the clamping lever, which supports the short design.
  • This design allows a relatively large clamping stroke, since the introduction of force into a workpiece already begins when the clamping lever is just beginning its rotary movement (cf. FIG. 5). This allows different workpieces of different thicknesses to be clamped.
  • the stroke difference between min and max is more than 20mm, with a total height of the clamping element of approx. 50mm.
  • the fork head forms the two forks 2a and 2b. Bores 28 are made in these forks, in which the cylindrical pin or pins 13 are guided. One or two cylindrical pins are expediently arranged in the clamping element. These pins can be screwed into the forks from the outside or can also be pressed in.
  • the clamping element is rotatably mounted about this axis.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

The tensioner is for a workpiece (25) on a table, or other flat support, using a piston (4) which is guided in a housing, and which moves a connecting rod (7) which is linked to a tensioning lever (11). The latter has a rotary mounting, and is guided in a ball joint in a piston rod (5). The housing forms a fork head which faces the workpiece, and has two fork prongs between which the lever is mounted, using a pin (13) which is guided in the forks. The stroke action is achieved by the connecting rod, which forms a connection between the piston rod and the lever, via two spherical heads (9a,9b) which are guided in caps (8,10).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Spannelement zum Spannen von Werkstücken auf Vorrichtungen, Maschinentischen und Paletten mittels eines in einem Gehäuse geführten Kolbens, der eine Pleuelstange bewegt, die mit einem drehbar gelagerten Spannhebel verbunden ist.The invention relates to a clamping element for clamping workpieces on devices, machine tables and pallets by means of a piston which is guided in a housing and which moves a connecting rod which is connected to a rotatably mounted clamping lever.

Spannelemente dienen zum Festsetzen von Werkstücken auf Tischen und dergleichen. Das zu spannende Werkstück ist für den jeweiligen Arbeitsgang entsprechend auf diesen Tischen ausgerichtet und darf danach in seiner Lage nicht mehr verändert werden. Die Spannpratzen oder Spannhebel müssen somit so auf das Werkstück greifen, daß es in dieser seiner Lage verbleibt. Spannelemente, deren Spannhebel zuerst eine Schiebebewegung über das zu spannende Teil ausführen, die dann in eine kreisförmige Spannbewegung übergeht, haben den Nachteil, daß die auf das Werkstück ausgeübten Kräfte nicht senkrecht, sondern in Winkeln dazu auftreffen und wirken, da sich der Dreh- und Abstützpunkt nicht auf gleicher Höhe zur Spannstelle befindet. Damit werden die Werkstücke oft aus ihrer positionierten Lage verrückt.Clamping elements are used to fix workpieces on tables and the like. The workpiece to be clamped is aligned on these tables for the respective work step and its position must not be changed afterwards. The clamping claws or clamping levers must therefore grip the workpiece in such a way that it remains in its position. Clamping elements, the clamping lever of which first perform a sliding movement over the part to be clamped, which then changes into a circular clamping movement, have the disadvantage that the forces exerted on the workpiece do not strike and act perpendicularly, but at angles to it, since the rotation and Support point is not at the same height as the clamping point. This often moves the workpieces out of their positioned position.

Es sind daher Lösungen bekannt geworden, die mit kurzem Spannhub auf das Werkstück greifen. Da die Spannkraft-Richtung jedoch nicht senkrecht zur Spannstelle erfolgt, werden Querkräfte nicht vermieden. Ein kurzer Hub hat jedoch oft den Nachteil, daß das Spannelement nur bestimmten Werkstücken zugeordnet werden kann.Solutions have therefore become known which grip the workpiece with a short clamping stroke. However, since the direction of the clamping force is not perpendicular to the clamping point, lateral forces are not avoided. However, a short stroke often has the disadvantage that the clamping element can only be assigned to certain workpieces.

Es ist ein Spannelement bekannt (PS-FR 7138412), bei dem ein senkrecht geführter Differenzialkolben durch Druckbeaufschlagung eine aufwärts und abwärts gerichtete Bewegung durchführt. Am Kolbenkopf ist eine Pleuelstange in einer Kugelführung eingebracht.A tensioning element is known (PS-FR 7138412), in which a vertically guided differential piston is pressurized upwards and downwards downward movement. A connecting rod is inserted in a ball guide on the piston head.

Diese Pleuelstange wirkt auf eine Kurbelstange, mit der sie mittels eines Gelenkauges verbunden ist. Die Kurbelstange wiederum ist fest mit dem eigentlichen Spannhebel über eine gemeinsame Welle verbunden. Die durch die Bewegung des Kolbens erzeugten Kräfte werden über die Pleuelstange auf die Kurbelstange übertragen, die ihrerseits die Kräfte auf eine Welle überträgt, an deren Ende der Spannhebel sitzt. Damit werden in der Welle Torrisionskräfte und Biegekräfte erzeugt. Beim Spannen und Entspannen beschreibt der Spannhebel an seiner Spannstelle etwa den gleichen langen Weg, wie das Ende der Kurbelstange mit dem Gelenkauge der Pleuelstange.This connecting rod acts on a crank rod to which it is connected by means of an articulated eye. The crank rod, in turn, is firmly connected to the actual tensioning lever via a common shaft. The forces generated by the movement of the piston are transmitted via the connecting rod to the crank rod, which in turn transmits the forces to a shaft at the end of which the tensioning lever is located. This creates torrision forces and bending forces in the shaft. When tensioning and relaxing, the tensioning lever describes the same long way at its tensioning point as the end of the crank rod with the joint eye of the connecting rod.

Zwischen der im Kolben erzeugten Spannkraft und der wirksamen Spannkraft ist konstruktionsbedingt ein Abstand erforderlich, der eine größere Bauweise zwingend macht. Die offene Bauweise zum Werkstück hin bewirkt darüber hinaus eine große Anfälligkeit gegen Verschmutzung aller Bewegungselemente. Die stehende hohe Bauweise läßt kein flaches Spannen zu.Due to the design, a distance is required between the clamping force generated in the piston and the effective clamping force, which makes a larger construction imperative. The open design towards the workpiece also makes it extremely susceptible to contamination of all movement elements. The standing high construction does not allow flat clamping.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Flachspannelement kleinsten Ausmaßes zu schaffen, dessen Krafteinleitung annähernd waagerecht zum zu spannenden Werkstück erfolgt, und dessen Spannkräfte senkrecht auf das zu spannende Werkstück wirken, und das einen großen Spannhub besitzt und darüber hinaus gegen Verschmutzung aller Art abgedichtet ist.The invention has for its object to provide a flat clamping element of the smallest dimensions, the force is applied approximately horizontally to the workpiece to be clamped, and the clamping forces act vertically on the workpiece to be clamped, and which has a large clamping stroke and is also sealed against contamination of all kinds .

Erfindungsgemäß wird dieses durch die in den Ansprüchen enthaltenen kennzeichnenden Merkmale gelöst.According to the invention this is solved by the characterizing features contained in the claims.

Der Vorteil der Erfindung liegt einmal in der kleinen, flachen Bauweise, die ein großes Einsatzfeld erlaubt. Damit ist das Flachspannelement auf Vorrichtungen und Paletten aller Art einsatzfähig. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist dadurch gegeben, daß das Flachspannelement über einen großen Spannhub verfügt und damit Werkstücken unterschiedlicher Größe zugeordnet werden kann. Weitere Vorteile liegen in der Abdichtung, die das Flachspannelement gegen äußere Einflüsse, wie Staub, Bearbeitungsspäne und Flüssigkeiten, unempfindlich macht.The advantage of the invention lies in the small, flat design, which allows a large field of application. This means that the flat clamping element can be used on all types of devices and pallets. Another advantage is that the flat clamping element has a large clamping stroke and thus workpieces of different sizes can be assigned can. Further advantages are the seal, which makes the flat clamping element insensitive to external influences such as dust, machining chips and liquids.

In den Fig. ist das Flachspannelement an Beispielen näher beschrieben.

Fig. 1
zeigt den Querschnitt in einer Seitenansicht
Fig. 2
zeigt eine Draufsicht
Fig. 3
zeigt die Lagerung des Spannkopfes
Fig. 4
zeigt den Spannhebel in Ruhestellung
Fig. 5
zeigt den Spannhebel während des Spannvorganges und
Fig. 6
zeigt den Spannhebel im Spannzustand.
In the figures, the flat clamping element is described in more detail using examples.
Fig. 1
shows the cross section in a side view
Fig. 2
shows a top view
Fig. 3
shows the mounting of the clamping head
Fig. 4
shows the cocking lever in the rest position
Fig. 5
shows the clamping lever during the clamping process and
Fig. 6
shows the tensioning lever in the tensioned state.

Das Gehäuse 1 ist in Form eines offenen Gabelkopfes 2 gebildet. In das Gehäuse 1 ist eine Kolbenbohrung 3 eingebracht, in der ein Kolben 4 gleitet. Die Kolbenstange 5 ist in einer Gewindebuchse 18 geführt, die zugleich als Abdichtung dient. Am oberen Ende der Kolbenstange 5 ist eine Kalotte 8 eingelassen. In dieser Kalotte 8 ist eine Pleuelstange 7 geführt, die zur Weiterleitung der Kraftübertragung dient. Die Pleuelstange 7 hat an ihren beiden Enden je einen etwa gleich großen Kugelkopf 9a und 9b. Der Kugelkopf 9a ist in der Kalotte 8 gelagert und kann sich somit um den vorgegebenen Freiheitsgrad darin bewegen. Der Kugelkopf 9b ist ebenfalls in einer Kalotte 10 gelagert, in der er sich mit dem vorgegebenen Freiheitsgrad bewegen kann. Die Kalotte 10 ihrerseits ist in dem Spannhebel 11 eingelassen. Dieser Spannhebel 11 bildet im Bereich der Kalotte 10 eine Tasche 12. Dadurch wird der Pleuelstange 7 ein Freiraum in der Bewegung verschafft.The housing 1 is formed in the form of an open fork head 2. A piston bore 3 is made in the housing 1, in which a piston 4 slides. The piston rod 5 is guided in a threaded bushing 18, which also serves as a seal. At the upper end of the piston rod 5, a spherical cap 8 is let in. In this calotte 8, a connecting rod 7 is guided, which is used for the transmission of the power transmission. The connecting rod 7 has an approximately equally large ball head 9a and 9b at both ends. The ball head 9a is mounted in the spherical cap 8 and can thus move therein by the predetermined degree of freedom. The ball head 9b is also mounted in a spherical cap 10, in which it can move with the predetermined degree of freedom. The calotte 10 in turn is embedded in the tensioning lever 11. This tensioning lever 11 forms a pocket 12 in the area of the spherical cap 10. This gives the connecting rod 7 freedom in its movement.

In den Kugelkopf 9b ist eine kleine Bohrung 14 eingebracht, in der ein Mitnahmestift 15 geführt ist. Dieser Mitnahmestift 15 unterstützt den Rückholvorgang des Spannhebels 11 durch eine Führung innerhalb der Tasche 12 und hält so den Kugelkopf 9b mit der Kalotte 10 auf Kontakt. In der Kolbenbohrung 3 sind oberhalb und unterhalb des Kolbens 4 die beiden Druckräume 16 und 17 gebildet, von denen Druckraum 16 für den Spannvorgang und Druckraum 17 für den Entspannvorgang dienen.In the ball head 9b, a small bore 14 is made, in which a driving pin 15 is guided. This driving pin 15 supports the return process of the clamping lever 11 by a guide inside the pocket 12 and thus keeps the ball head 9b in contact with the calotte 10. The two are in the piston bore 3 above and below the piston 4 Pressure spaces 16 and 17 are formed, of which pressure space 16 serve for the tensioning process and pressure space 17 for the relaxation process.

Um alle beweglichen Elemente vor äußeren Einflüssen zu schützen, ist der Raum zwischen dem Spannhebel 11 und der Gewindebuchse 18 abgedichtet. Die Abdichtung erfolgt mittels Federbleche. Das innere Federblech 19 besitzt eine Kontur, die der äußeren Kontur der Hubstrecke am Umfang des Spannhebels 11 mit der gesamten Länge angepaßt ist, so daß dieser gleitend an dem Federblech 19 geführt ist. Das untere Federblech 20 ist in seiner Kontur dem unteren Konturen des Spannhebels 11 angepaßt, so daß auch hier ein dichter Abschluß bei gleitender Bewegung des Spannhebels 11 erreicht ist. Ein weiteres Federblech 21 stellt eine Verbindung zwischen dem Gehäuse 1 und dem auf dem Spannhebel 11 aufliegenden Federblech 19 her. Der Kolben 4 ist in einer Gewindebuchse 18 geführt, die mit entsprechenden Dichtungen bestückt ist. Diese Gewindebuchse 18 ist in der Gewindebohrung 6 des Gehäuses 1 eingeschraubt und kann somit im Bedarfsfall leicht ausgewechselt werden.In order to protect all movable elements from external influences, the space between the clamping lever 11 and the threaded bushing 18 is sealed. Sealing is done using spring plates. The inner spring plate 19 has a contour that is adapted to the outer contour of the stroke on the circumference of the tensioning lever 11 with the entire length, so that it is slidably guided on the spring plate 19. The contour of the lower spring plate 20 is adapted to the lower contours of the tensioning lever 11, so that here too a tight seal is achieved with a sliding movement of the tensioning lever 11. Another spring plate 21 establishes a connection between the housing 1 and the spring plate 19 resting on the tensioning lever 11. The piston 4 is guided in a threaded bushing 18 which is equipped with appropriate seals. This threaded bushing 18 is screwed into the threaded bore 6 of the housing 1 and can therefore be easily replaced if necessary.

Der Spannhebel 11 ist an seiner Spannfläche so ausgebildet, daß er plan auf das Werkstück 25 aufsitzt. Dazu ist in den Spannkopf eine Kalotte 22 eingebracht, die eine abgeflachte Kugel 23 aufnimmt. Ferner ist der Spannhebel 11 im Bereich seines Spannkopfes mit einer Einschnürung 24 und einer Abschrägung 29 versehen. Diese Einschnürung 24 und auch die Abschrägung 29 dienen der besseren Formgestaltung , um ein sicheres Aufsetzen der abgeflachten Kugel 23 auf das Werkstück 25 zu gewährleisten. Dieses ist von besonderem Vorteil, wenn große Höhenunterschiede der zu spannenden Werkstücke gegeben sind. Durch die Einschnürung 24 und die Abschrägung 29 wird die abgeflachte Kugel 23 umfassende Kalotte 22 in ihrer Haltefläche geschwächt. Um trotzdem sicheren Halt für die abgeflachte Kugel 23 zu gewährleisten, sind seitliche Umfassungen 27 am Spannkopf vorgesehen, die die Kalottenführung erweitern, ohne den Spannhub durch Störkanten zu behindern.The clamping lever 11 is formed on its clamping surface so that it sits flat on the workpiece 25. For this purpose, a spherical cap 22 is inserted into the clamping head, which receives a flattened ball 23. Furthermore, the clamping lever 11 is provided with a constriction 24 and a bevel 29 in the region of its clamping head. This constriction 24 and also the bevel 29 serve to improve the shape in order to ensure that the flattened ball 23 is placed securely on the workpiece 25. This is particularly advantageous if there are large differences in height of the workpieces to be clamped. The constriction 24 and the bevel 29 weaken the flattened spherical cap 22 comprising the flattened ball 23 in its holding surface. In order to nevertheless ensure a secure hold for the flattened ball 23, lateral enclosures 27 are provided on the clamping head, which expand the calotte guide without interfering with the clamping stroke by interfering edges.

Das Gehäuse 1 wird mittels Befestigungsschrauben auf der jeweiligen Bearbeitungsplatte festgesetzt. Wird der Druckraum 16 beaufschlagt, so gleitet der Kolben 4 mit der in der Gewindebuchse 18 geführten Kolbenstange 5 in Richtung auf das Werkstück zu. Damit wird die eingeleitete Kraft auf die Pleuelstange 7 übertragen, die ihrerseits direkt, d.h. ohne Kurbelstange, auf den Spannhebel 11 wirkt. Dieser Spannhebel 11 vollführt um seinen Drehpunkt, dem Zylinderstift 13, eine Drehbewegung auf das zu spannende Werkstück 25 zu. Der Spannhebel 11 wird immer mit der abgeflachten Seite der Kugel 23 auf das Werkstück 25 treffen. Diese Kugel 23 gleicht somit die auf einer Kreisbahn verlaufende Spannkraft weitestgehend aus und sorgt für ein gleichmäßiges Aufsetzen auf dem Werkstück und für eine gleichmäßige Krafteinleitung in das Werkstück. Durch die Abschrägung 29 und die Einschnürung 24 wird während des Spannvorganges sichergestellt, daß der Spannhebel 11 nur mit der Fläche der abgeflachten Kugel 23 aufsitzt, unabhängig von den Höhen der zu spannenden Werkstücke.The housing 1 is fixed by means of fastening screws on the respective processing plate. If the pressure chamber 16 is acted upon, the piston 4 slides in the direction of the workpiece with the piston rod 5 guided in the threaded bushing 18. So that the introduced force is transmitted to the connecting rod 7, which in turn directly, i.e. without crank rod, acts on the tensioning lever 11. This clamping lever 11 performs a rotational movement about the pivot point, the cylindrical pin 13, towards the workpiece 25 to be clamped. The clamping lever 11 will always hit the workpiece 25 with the flattened side of the ball 23. This ball 23 thus largely compensates for the clamping force running on a circular path and ensures a uniform placement on the workpiece and a uniform introduction of force into the workpiece. The bevel 29 and the constriction 24 ensure during the clamping process that the clamping lever 11 is seated only with the surface of the flattened ball 23, regardless of the heights of the workpieces to be clamped.

Der Spannhebel 11 bildet mit seiner Außenkontur etwa einen Viertelkreis. Dadurch kann die Mitte des Kugelkopfes 9b, die Zylinderstiftmitte 13 und die Fläche der Spannkugel 23 annähernd in einem Winkel von 90° zueinander positioniert sein. Dieses hat eine liegende Anordnung der Pleuelstange 7, Kolbenstange 5 mit Kolben 4 zur Folge. Der Spannhebel 11 ist in seinem Querschnitt unterschiedlich gestaltet. Im Bereich der Gabein ist er am dicksten ausgebildet, während er im Bereich seines Wirkungseingriffes nur mit einem solchen Querschnitt versehen ist, wie er zur Einbringung der Kalotte und damit zur Aufnahme der abgeflachten Kugel erforderlich ist.With its outer contour, the clamping lever 11 forms approximately a quarter circle. As a result, the center of the ball head 9b, the cylinder pin center 13 and the surface of the clamping ball 23 can be positioned approximately at an angle of 90 ° to one another. This results in a lying arrangement of the connecting rod 7, piston rod 5 with piston 4. The cross-section of the tensioning lever 11 is different. It is thickest in the area of the gabein, while in the area of its action it is only provided with a cross-section that is required to insert the calotte and thus to accommodate the flattened ball.

Beim Rückholvorgang wird der Druckraum 17 mit Druck beaufschlagt, wodurch der Kolben 4 in der Kolbenbohrung 3 in Richtung vom Werkstück weg gleitet und hierbei die im Druckraum 16 vorhandene hydraulische Flüssigkeit herauspreßt. Die Kolbenstange 5 zieht die Pleuelstange 7 zurück, die ihrerseits über den Mitnahmestift 15 den Spannhebel 11 zurückholt. Der Angriffspunkt der Pleuelstange 7 an dem Spannhebel 11 liegt im Bereich oberhalb des Drehpunktes des Spannhebels 11 im Zylinderstift 13. Damit lassen sich diese beiden Punkte 13 und 14 dicht aneinander heranführen, was zu einer kurzen Bauweise des Spannelementes beiträgt und damit den Kolbenhub minimiert. Die besonders platzsparende kurze und niedrige Bauweise des Spannelementes kommt nicht zuletzt durch den minimalen Kolbenhub zustande. Der kurze Kolbenhub, der einen großen Öffnungsweg des Spannhebels bewirkt, ergibt sich, weil der Druckpunkt der kleingehaltenen Pleuelstangenkugel und der dazugehörigen Kalotte des Spannhebels extrem nahe zum Spannhebeldrehpunkt angeordnet sind. Durch die Tasche im Spannhebel wird eine optimale Anordnung des Kugelmittelpunktes des Pleuels erreicht, so daß in Spannstellung die Achse durch das Pleuel und durch die Kolbenstange geradlinig verläuft. Der Abstand zwischen dem Kugelmittelpunkt der Kugel 9b und dem Drehpunkt im Zylinder 13 für den Spannhebel 11 beträgt etwa die Hälfte des Abstandes zwischen dem Mittelpunkt, der im Spannkopf angeordneten abgeflachten Kugel 23 und dem Mittelpunkt des Spannhebels im Zylinder 13. Damit ist die Kolbenführung nur noch bedingt durch den Hub des Spannhebels, was die kurze Bauweise unterstützt. Diese Bauweise läßt einen relativ großen Spannhub zu, da die Krafteinleitung in ein Werkstück schon voll einsetzt, wenn der Spannhebel gerade seine Drehbewegung beginnt (vergl. hierzu Fig. 5). Damit lassen sich unterschiedliche Werkstücke verschiedener Stärken spannen. Die Hubdifferenz zwischen min und max beträgt mehr als 20mm, bei einer Gesamthöhe des Spannelementes von ca. 50 mm.During the return process, the pressure chamber 17 is pressurized, whereby the piston 4 slides in the piston bore 3 in the direction away from the workpiece and thereby presses out the hydraulic fluid present in the pressure chamber 16. The piston rod 5 pulls the connecting rod 7 back, which in turn retrieves the tensioning lever 11 via the driving pin 15. The point of engagement of the connecting rod 7 on the tensioning lever 11 is in the range above the fulcrum of the tensioning lever 11 in the cylinder pin 13. These two points 13 and 14 can be brought close together, which contributes to a short construction of the tensioning element and thus minimizes the piston stroke. The particularly space-saving, short and low design of the clamping element is due not least to the minimal piston stroke. The short piston stroke, which causes a large opening of the tensioning lever, results because the pressure point of the small connecting rod ball and the associated calotte of the tensioning lever are extremely close to the tensioning lever pivot point. An optimal arrangement of the center of the ball of the connecting rod is achieved through the pocket in the tensioning lever, so that in the tensioning position the axis runs straight through the connecting rod and through the piston rod. The distance between the center of the ball of the ball 9b and the pivot point in the cylinder 13 for the clamping lever 11 is approximately half the distance between the center, the flattened ball 23 arranged in the clamping head and the center of the clamping lever in the cylinder 13. The piston guide is now only due to the stroke of the clamping lever, which supports the short design. This design allows a relatively large clamping stroke, since the introduction of force into a workpiece already begins when the clamping lever is just beginning its rotary movement (cf. FIG. 5). This allows different workpieces of different thicknesses to be clamped. The stroke difference between min and max is more than 20mm, with a total height of the clamping element of approx. 50mm.

Der Gabelkopf bildet die beiden Gabeln 2a und 2b. In diesen Gabeln sind Bohrungen 28 eingebracht, in denen der oder die Zylinderstifte 13 geführt sind. Zweckmäßig werden ein oder zwei Zylinderstifte im Spannelement angeordnet. Diese Stifte können von außen in die Gabeln eingeschraubt sein oder auch eingepreßt werden. Das Spannelement ist um diese Achse drehbar gelagert.The fork head forms the two forks 2a and 2b. Bores 28 are made in these forks, in which the cylindrical pin or pins 13 are guided. One or two cylindrical pins are expediently arranged in the clamping element. These pins can be screwed into the forks from the outside or can also be pressed in. The clamping element is rotatably mounted about this axis.

Claims (14)

Spannelement zum Spannen von Werkstücken auf Vorrichtungen, Tischen oder Paletten mittels eines in einem Gehäuse geführten Kolbens, der eine Pleuelstange bewegt, die mit einem drehbar gelagerten Spannhebel verbunden ist und die in der Kolbenstange in einem Kugelgelenk geführt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Gehäuse an seiner dem Werkstück (25) zugewandten Seite einen Gabelkopf mit den Gabeln (2a;2b) bildet, daß zwischen diesen Gabeln der Spannhebel (11) drehbar mittels in den Gabeln geführtem Zylinderstift (13) gelagert ist und daß der Hubantrieb über eine Pleuelstange (7) erfolgt, die die Verbindung zwischen der Kolbenstange (5) und dem Spannhebel (11) über zwei gelenkig in Kalotten (8;10) geführten Kugelköpfen (9a;9b) herstellt.
Clamping element for clamping workpieces on devices, tables or pallets by means of a piston which is guided in a housing and which moves a connecting rod which is connected to a rotatably mounted clamping lever and which is guided in the piston rod in a ball joint, characterized in that
that the housing on its side facing the workpiece (25) forms a fork head with the forks (2a; 2b), that between these forks the clamping lever (11) is rotatably supported by means of a cylindrical pin (13) guided in the forks and that the linear drive is actuated via A connecting rod (7) takes place, which establishes the connection between the piston rod (5) and the tensioning lever (11) via two spherical heads (9a; 9b) guided in spherical caps (8; 10).
Spannelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Krafteinleitungspunkt des Kolben (4) über Kolbenstange (5), Pleuel (7) und die Kugelköpfe (9a;9b) nahe und oberhalb des Drehpunktes des Spannhebels (11) liegt.
Clamping element according to claim 1, characterized in
that the force introduction point of the piston (4) via the piston rod (5), connecting rod (7) and the ball heads (9a; 9b) is close to and above the pivot point of the tensioning lever (11).
Spannelement nach Anspruch 1 u. 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in den Spannhebel (11) im Bereich des Kugelkopfeingriffes der Pleuelstange (7) eine Tasche (12) eingebracht ist.
Clamping element according to claim 1 u. 2, characterized ,
that a pocket (12) is inserted into the tensioning lever (11) in the region of the ball head engagement of the connecting rod (7).
Spannelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Kugelkopf (9b) in der Kalotte (10) des Spannhebels (11) mittig mit einer Bohrung versehen ist, in der ein Mitnahmestift eingebracht ist.
Clamping element according to claim 1, characterized in
that the ball head (9b) in the spherical cap (10) of the clamping lever (11) is provided with a hole in the center in which a driving pin is inserted.
Spannelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Raum, in dem sich der Spannhebel (11), das Pleuel (7) und die Kolbenstange (5) bewegen, durch Federbleche (19;20) gegen äußere Einflüsse abgedichtet ist.
Clamping element according to claim 1, characterized in
that the space in which the tension lever (11), the connecting rod (7) and the piston rod (5) move is sealed against external influences by spring plates (19; 20).
Spannelement nach Anspruch 1 u. 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das innere Federblech (19) und das untere Federblech (20) in ihren Konturen so ausgebildet sind, daß der Spannhebel (11) während der Schwenkbewegung darin gleitend anliegt.
Clamping element according to claim 1 u. 5, characterized ,
that the inner spring plate (19) and the lower spring plate (20) are designed in their contours so that the tensioning lever (11) rests therein during the pivoting movement.
Spannelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Spannhebel (11) an seinem Spannkopf mit einer an zwei Seiten dachförmig abgeschrägten Kalotte (20) versehen ist, in der eine abgeflachte Spannkugel (23) seitenbeweglich geführt ist.
Clamping element according to claim 1, characterized in
that the clamping lever (11) is provided on its clamping head with a roof (20) which is chamfered on two sides, in which a flattened clamping ball (23) is guided so that it can move laterally.
Spannelement nach Anspruch 1 u. 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Spannhebel (11) im Bereich der Kalotte (22) eine seitliche Umfassung (27) zur Halterung der abgeflachten Kugel (23) besitzt.
Clamping element according to claim 1 u. 7, characterized ,
that the clamping lever (11) in the region of the spherical cap (22) has a lateral surround (27) for holding the flattened ball (23).
Spannelement nach Anspruch 1 u. folgende, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Spannhebel (11) im Bereich der Spannebene eine nach innen gerichtete Einschnürung (24) aufweist.
Clamping element according to claim 1 u. following, characterized ,
that the tensioning lever (11) has an inward constriction (24) in the area of the tensioning plane.
Spannelement nach Anspruch 1 u. folgende, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Kolbenstange (5) in einer Gewindebuchse (18) geführt ist, die die Kolbenstange abdichtet.
Clamping element according to claim 1 u. following, characterized ,
that the piston rod (5) is guided in a threaded bush (18) which seals the piston rod.
Spannelemente nach Anspruch 1 u. folgende, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in dem Gehäuse (1) eine Gewindebohrung (6) eingebracht ist, in die die Gewindebuchse (18) einschraubbar ist.
Clamping elements according to claim 1 u. following, characterized ,
that a threaded bore (6) is made in the housing (1) into which the threaded bushing (18) can be screwed.
Spannelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Abstand zwischen der Kugelkopfmitte der Pleuelstangenkugel (9b) im Spannhebel (11) zum Spannhebeldrehpunkt etwa die Hälfte des Abstandes zwischen Spannhebeldrehpunkt und mittleren Aufsetzpunkt des Spannkopfes auf das Werkstück (25) beträgt.
Clamping element according to claim 1, characterized in
that the distance between the ball head center of the connecting rod ball (9b) in the clamping lever (11) to the clamping lever pivot point is approximately half the distance between the clamping lever pivot point and the center point of the clamping head on the workpiece (25).
Spannelement nach Anspruch 1 u. 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Mittelpunkte der beiden Kugelköpfe (9a;9b) der Pleuelstange (7) annähernd die gleiche Entfernung voneinander haben, wie der Mittelpunkt, der im Spannhebel (11) wirksamen Kugel (9b) zu Drehpunkt des Spannhebels (11).
Clamping element according to claim 1 u. 12, characterized ,
that the centers of the two ball heads (9a; 9b) of the connecting rod (7) have approximately the same distance from one another as the center point of the ball (9b) acting in the tensioning lever (11) to the pivot point of the tensioning lever (11).
Spannelement nach Anspruch 1 und folgende, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß im Spannhebel (11) der Mittelpunkt der Kalotte (20), das Spannhebelgelenk (13) und die Spannfläche (27) einen Winkel von ∼ 90° zueinander bilden, wobei der Spannhebel mit seiner Außenkontur ∼ einen Viertelkreis beschreibt.
Clamping element according to claim 1 and following, characterized in that
that in the clamping lever (11) the center of the calotte (20), the clamping lever joint (13) and the clamping surface (27) form an angle of ∼ 90 ° to one another, the clamping lever with its outer contour ∼ describing a quarter circle.
EP96113296A 1995-08-30 1996-08-20 Clamping device Expired - Lifetime EP0761390B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19531890 1995-08-30
DE19531890A DE19531890A1 (en) 1995-08-30 1995-08-30 Flat clamping element

Publications (2)

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EP0761390A1 true EP0761390A1 (en) 1997-03-12
EP0761390B1 EP0761390B1 (en) 2001-10-31

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EP96113296A Expired - Lifetime EP0761390B1 (en) 1995-08-30 1996-08-20 Clamping device

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EP (1) EP0761390B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE207788T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19531890A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2166420T3 (en)

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DE102008004286A1 (en) * 2008-01-04 2009-07-09 Vel Vega-Design E Tecnologia Ind. Unip. Lda., Funchal clamping element
DE102016200149B4 (en) 2016-01-08 2020-09-03 Ladenburger Fertigungstechnik Gmbh Device for clamping workpieces
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59608048D1 (en) 2001-12-06
ES2166420T3 (en) 2002-04-16
DE19531890A1 (en) 1997-03-06
ATE207788T1 (en) 2001-11-15
EP0761390B1 (en) 2001-10-31

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