EP0759456B1 - Procédé de recyclage de polyamide à partir de déchets de tapis contenant de polyamide - Google Patents

Procédé de recyclage de polyamide à partir de déchets de tapis contenant de polyamide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0759456B1
EP0759456B1 EP19960202315 EP96202315A EP0759456B1 EP 0759456 B1 EP0759456 B1 EP 0759456B1 EP 19960202315 EP19960202315 EP 19960202315 EP 96202315 A EP96202315 A EP 96202315A EP 0759456 B1 EP0759456 B1 EP 0759456B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polyamide
extraction
process according
carpet waste
separated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP19960202315
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0759456A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Booij
Jan Agnes Jozef Hendrix
Yvonne Helene Frentzen
Nicolaas Maria Hendricus Beckers
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DSM IP Assets BV
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DSM NV
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
    • C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
    • C08J11/06—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions
    • C08J11/08—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers without chemical reactions using selective solvents for polymer components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2377/00—Characterised by the use of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for recycling polyamide-containing carpet waste by extracting the polyamide from the carpet waste with an extraction agent and then recovering the polyamide from the extract.
  • Carpet waste usually contains large portions of polymers, and such waste often has a high polyamide content in particular. Attempts are therefore being made to recycle it in order to minimize the amount of polyamide-containing carpet waste that has to be disposed of and in order to recycle its constituents for re-use.
  • the term "carpet waste” covers both the waste formed in the production of polyamide-containing carpets, and old and used carpets discarded by the consumer.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a process for recycling polyamide-containing carpet waste by separating the polyamide from it in a way that is free from one or more of the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • the aim of the present invention is achieved by using an extraction agent that comprises an aliphatic alcohol, with the exception of an alcoholic solution of an alkaline earth halide.
  • the process according to the present invention gives the polyamide in a high yield. It has been found that the other substances normally present in carpets do not interfere with the recycling of the polyamide; this applies e.g. to polypropylene, rubbers, jute, polyurethanes, polyvinyl chloride, acrylate and (meth)acrylate copolymers, polyethylene terephtalate, etc.. Polyamide is separated here from these other components of carpet waste in a highly selective manner. It has also been found that virtually no polyamide is decomposed when it is separated off from the carpet waste by the process according to the invention. Polyamides can be isolated in the present process in relatively few steps.
  • Polyamide carpets generally have the structure shown in Fig. 1.
  • Polyamide-containing pile threads (1) are looped through a woven backing layer (2), which may be made e.g. of a fabric of polypropylene fibres.
  • the pile threads are adhered to the reverse side (4) of the backing with an adhesive (5), such as a styrene-butadiene-rubber latex.
  • the adhesive gives a very firm bond between the backing and the pile threads.
  • the process according to the present invention surprisingly permits a good separation of the polyamide from the pile threads in the carpet waste even in the case of such a firm carpet structure.
  • polyamides that can be recycled by the process according to the present invention are polyamides that are used in carpets, such as polyamide-6 (PA-6) and polyamide-6,6 (PA-6,6) but also polyamide-4,6 (PA-4,6) and polyamide-12 (PA-12), as well as mixtures thereof.
  • the alcohols that can be used as the extraction agents for the polyamide are those aliphatic alcohols which dissolve the polyamide to be recycled. Such alcohols are chosen e.g. from the following list: methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, pentanol, hexanol, 2-ethylbutanol, 4-methylpentanol, 1-heptanol, 2-heptanol, 4-heptanol, 2,4-dimethylpentanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, 1-nonanol, 2-nonanol, n-decanol, n-undecanol, n-dodecanol, n-tridecanol, n-tetradecanol, n-pentadecanol
  • Substituted monohydric and dihydric alcohols such as 2-methoxy-1-ethanol (methylene glycol), can also be used.
  • C 1 -C 12 alcohols are preferably used in the process of the invention.
  • methanol or ethanol is used as extraction agent.
  • Methanol is particularly suitable, because it has a low boiling point, so that traces of it present in the polyamide end product can be easily eliminated by evaporation.
  • Mixtures of aliphatic alcohols can also be used as extraction agents.
  • mixtures of water and one or more aliphatic alcohols can also be employed as extraction agents in the process according to the present invention. It is advantageous to use a mixture of methanol and water with a methanol/water molar ratio higher than 1:1. This extraction agent permits an efficient separation of the polyamide and is inexpensive.
  • the extraction is carried out at a temperature and pressure at which the polyamide readily dissolves in the extraction agent.
  • the temperature used for the extraction is preferably not too high, because that would raise the risk of degradation of the polyamide.
  • the extraction agent is methanol and the polyamide to be recycled is polyamide-6
  • the extraction is preferably carried out at 110-150°C and in particular at 135-140°C. If methanol is used to extract and recycle polyamide-6,6, however, a higher extraction temperature should be used, namely 140-180°C, in particular 155-165°C.
  • polyamide-6,6 is insoluble or virtually insoluble in methanol at 135°C, at which temperature polyamide-6 is readily soluble in this extraction agent. This makes it possible to separate polyamide-6 from polyamide-6,6 in the process according to the present invention by conducting the extraction in two stages at increasing temperatures.
  • the temperature used here for the extraction in the first stage is preferably 110-150°C and in particular 135-140°C, while the temperature used for the extraction in the second stage is 140-180°C, in particular 155-165°C.
  • the pressure employed for the extraction is not very critical.
  • the extraction is preferably carried out at an elevated pressure.
  • the minimum pressure used depends on the vapour pressure of the extraction agent at the temperature of the extraction. If methanol is used as the extraction agent, the preferred pressure during the extraction is 0.2-2 MPa (gauge) and especially 0.5-1.5 MPa. It is particularly advantageous to choose the pressure in such a way that it is the same as the vapour pressure of the extraction agent at the temperature of the extraction. The pressure need not be controlled separately in such a case.
  • the carpet waste which is often delivered in the form of rolls or bales of carpet, is preferably comminuted before the extraction.
  • the carpet waste is comminuted by a known method, e.g. by cutting or grinding.
  • the resulting carpet fragments are easily fed into a vessel in which the extraction takes place and in which they are thoroughly mixed with the extraction agent. These fragments preferably measure 0.5-20 cm 2 and especially 2-8 cm 2 .
  • a suitable size of the fragments makes for a good extraction and ensures that the pieces are not so small after extraction as to hamper their separation from the extract.
  • the vessel used for the extraction can have any desirable form, such as a column, tank or tube, and is preferably an autoclave.
  • the carpet fragments are mixed with the extraction agent e.g. with the aid of a stirrer placed in the extraction vessel.
  • the ratio between the amount of alcohol and that of the carpet waste is preferably chosen according to the amount of polyamide in the carpet waste, but other factors, such as the size of the fragments of carpet waste, can also play a role here.
  • the amount of extraction agent must be such that the viscosity of the solution is not too high during the extraction when all the polyamide has been dissolved.
  • the amount of extraction agent is preferably kept as small as possible in order to minimize the amount of extraction agent to be recovered.
  • the expert will find it easy to determine experimentally the right ratio between the extraction agent and the carpet waste for any kind of carpet waste and different extraction agents on the basis of the criteria given above.
  • a suitable ratio by weight between the alcohol and the carpet waste is from 5 to 50, in particular from 5 to 20.
  • the time needed for extraction can also be easily determined experimentally by the expert. It will be chosen according to the type and amount of polyamide that is present in the carpet waste in question, the concentration in the extraction agent, the extraction agent, the temperature of extraction, and the degree of mixing effected in the extraction vessel. An extraction time of 60 min has been found to be right for methanol and polyamide-6, with the extraction being carried out in an autoclave at a temperature of 135-140°C.
  • the extract is freed from the solids in the extraction vessel.
  • This can be achieved with any suitable solid/liquid separating device, such as a settling tank (sedimentation), a hydrocyclone, a centrifuge or a filter.
  • This separation is conducted above the temperature at which the polyamide precipitates out of the extract. It is preferably done above 90°C and especially above 110°C.
  • the substances that do not dissolve in the extraction agent at the temperature of the extraction will accumulate in the solids fraction. It has been found that these substances can include numerous substances that polyamide-containing carpet waste can contain, such as jute, polypropylene, fillers (e.g. calcium carbonate), rubber (e.g.
  • styrene-butadiene rubber polyurethane
  • polyurethane polyvinyl chloride
  • acrylate or methacrylate copolymers e.g. copolymers of acrylonitrile and acrylate or methacrylate esters
  • wool and polyesters e.g. polyethylene terephthalate
  • the extract which is an alcoholic solution of polyamide
  • the extract can be directly processed further as such. It is also possible to remove the polyamide from the extraction agent, e.g. by first precipitating it out and then separating the precipitated polyamide by a conventional method such as filtration.
  • the polyamide can be precipitated either by adding a liquid that does not dissolve it, or by cooling the polyamide solution.
  • the preferred way of separating the polyamide from the extraction agent is to cool the extract, so that the extraction agent can then be directly returned into the process.
  • the shape of the precipitated polyamide particles obtained here can be controlled by varying the rate of cooling of the extract.
  • any other known method can be similarly used to separate the extraction agent from the polyamide, such as the evaporation of the extraction agent, leaving the polyamide behind.
  • the polyamide can be separated here either as a solid or as a melt, and the melt is then preferably processed further in an extruder and is pelletized.
  • the extraction agent is preferably recovered and returned into the process after the polyamide has been separated from it. If the extraction agent is separated from the polyamide by evaporation, it can be easily recovered by condensation, after which it is returned into the process. If the separation has been effected by cooling, the extraction agent can be returned to the extraction stage after warming if desired. If a liquid that does not dissolve polyamides has been added, this liquid should be separated from the extraction agent e.g. by distillation, after which both the extraction agent and the non-solvent can be returned into the process.
  • the recycled polyamides obtained in the process according to the present invention are free or very nearly free of any degradation.
  • the relative viscosity (RV) of the polyamide recycled according to the present invention is generally at least 85% of the relative viscosity of the polyamide present in the carpet waste. This percentage, called RV retention here, is preferably at least 90%.
  • the relative viscosity is determined in a solution in 96% sulphuric acid, using a polyamide concentration of 1 g/dl, and is a measure of the weight-average molecular weight of the polyamide.
  • the recycled polyamide can be further processed into polyamide products in the same way as directly polymerized 'new' polyamide, for example for producing engineering plastics or raw materials for fibres.
  • the recycled polyamide can also be mixed with new polyamide.
  • the solid retained on the filter was easy to collect and process. It is interesting to note that the polypropylene fibres derived from the carpet were visibly intact and separate from the pulverized styrene-butadiene rubber and the calcium carbonate powder.
  • the extract was concentrated and evaporated to dryness under vacuum in a Rotavapor apparatus.
  • the filter cake and the solid left behind in the autoclave were also dried under vacuum.
  • the residue left behind after evaporating the methanolic extract weighed 23.0 g, and 99.8 wt-% of it was polyamide-6.
  • the relative viscosity (RV) of the recycled polyamide was 2.40 dl/g, against a value of 2.61 dl/g for the polyamide originally present in the carpet waste.
  • the relative viscosity was determined in a solution in 96% sulphuric acid, using a polyamide concentration of 1 g/dl.
  • the retention of relative viscosity (RV retention) was therefore 92.0%.
  • Example II The process described in Example I was repeated with 75 g of comminuted waste carpet made of polyamide-6,6 (nylon 6,6), containing 35% of polyamide-6.6.
  • the material left behind on the filter was a more or less entangled mass.
  • the dry weight of this solid fraction was found to be 71.1 g.
  • the residue left behind after the evaporation of the extract amounted to 3.0 g and mainly consisted of polyamide-6,6.
  • This example illustrates that polyamide-6,6 can be extracted only in a low yield (11%) when the material is dissolved at 133°C.
  • the nylon 6 that had dissolved separated out as a white powder.
  • the dye from the carpet fibres dissolved in the methanol during the extraction and remained fully dissolved in it even after the solution had been cooled to 25°C.
  • Example III The process described in Example III was repeated with four samples of nylon 6,6 carpets having different colours, and the Carius tubes were heated to 160°C for 1.5 h.
  • the nylon 6,6 fibres dissolved in the methanol at 160°C almost completely, and the dissolved nylon 6,6 separated out as a white powder after cooling to 25°C.
  • Examples I-IV show that not only polyamide-6 can be extracted from carpet waste by the process according to the present invention but - at the higher extraction temperature of 160°C - also polyamide-6,6. Furthermore, polyamide can be efficiently separated from polypropylene, calcium carbonate, styrene-butadiene rubber, and acrylonitrile and methacrylate ester copolymers. Furthermore, dyes can be separated from polyamide. Polyamide-6 and polyamide-6,6 can be separated selectively by the use of different extraction temperatures.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé pour recycler des déchets de tapis contenant du polyamide, par extraction du polyamide des déchets de tapis à l'aide d'un agent d'extraction, puis récupération du polyamide à partir de l'extrait, caractérisé en ce que l'agent d'extraction utilisé comprend un alcool aliphatique, à l'exception d'un agent d'extraction qui est une solution alcoolique d'un halogénure d'un métal alcalino-terreux.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'alcool aliphatique est un alcool en C1-C12.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'alcool aliphatique est le méthanol, l'éthanol ou le propanol.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'alcool est le méthanol.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'agent d'extraction utilisé est un mélange d'un alcool aliphatique et d'eau.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le rapport en moles alcool/eau est supérieur à 1:1.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les déchets de tapis sont extraits à une température de 100-150°C, et qu'un extrait de polyamide-6 est séparé.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les déchets de tapis sont extraits à une température de 140-180°C, et qu'un extrait de polyamide-6,6 est séparé.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que polyamide-6 et poly-amide-6,6 sont séparés l'un de l'autre par mise en oeuvre de l'extraction en deux étapes, avec une augmentation de la température d'extraction.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la température d'extraction est de 110-150°C dans la première étape et de 140-180°C dans la deuxième étape.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la température d'extraction est de 135-140°C dans la première étape et de 155-165°C dans la deuxième étape.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que polyamide-6 et polyamide-6,6 sont séparés l'un de l'autre par refroidissement régulé de l'extrait, de façon à d'abord provoquer la précipitation d'une frac-tion de polyamide-6,6, qui est séparée, puis on procède à la précipitation d'une fraction de polyamide-6 à une température plus basse, et on sépare cette fraction.
EP19960202315 1995-08-23 1996-08-19 Procédé de recyclage de polyamide à partir de déchets de tapis contenant de polyamide Expired - Lifetime EP0759456B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9500704 1995-08-23
BE9500704A BE1009547A3 (nl) 1995-08-23 1995-08-23 Werkwijze voor het herverwerken van polyamidehoudend tapijtafval.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0759456A1 EP0759456A1 (fr) 1997-02-26
EP0759456B1 true EP0759456B1 (fr) 2003-04-09

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US (1) US5840773A (fr)
EP (1) EP0759456B1 (fr)
BE (1) BE1009547A3 (fr)
CA (1) CA2183815A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69627255T2 (fr)
MX (1) MX9603634A (fr)

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CN101142262B (zh) * 2004-08-05 2012-07-18 因特菲斯有限公司 由废材料提取尼龙的方法
CN104669463B (zh) * 2013-12-30 2016-05-11 河南华鑫网业有限公司 一种物理浮选法处理聚酯网生产废弃边角料的分离方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101142262B (zh) * 2004-08-05 2012-07-18 因特菲斯有限公司 由废材料提取尼龙的方法
CN104669463B (zh) * 2013-12-30 2016-05-11 河南华鑫网业有限公司 一种物理浮选法处理聚酯网生产废弃边角料的分离方法

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Publication number Publication date
DE69627255T2 (de) 2004-01-29
CA2183815A1 (fr) 1997-02-24
DE69627255D1 (de) 2003-05-15
US5840773A (en) 1998-11-24
EP0759456A1 (fr) 1997-02-26
BE1009547A3 (nl) 1997-05-06
MX9603634A (es) 1997-05-31

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