EP0755166B1 - Einrichtung mit aktiver Lärmkompensation - Google Patents
Einrichtung mit aktiver Lärmkompensation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0755166B1 EP0755166B1 EP96104591A EP96104591A EP0755166B1 EP 0755166 B1 EP0755166 B1 EP 0755166B1 EP 96104591 A EP96104591 A EP 96104591A EP 96104591 A EP96104591 A EP 96104591A EP 0755166 B1 EP0755166 B1 EP 0755166B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- diaphragm
- transducer
- volume
- resilience
- membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers
Definitions
- Noise is one of the worst environmental impacts and a serious one Stress factor. Research has shown that noise is vegetative Nervous system works. Fatigue, lack of concentration, nervousness and irritability are the consequence. In addition, constant exposure to noise leads to permanent damage to the Hearing.
- the ear by means of a sound pickup in the form of a microphone, the sound wave hitting the ear and a filter at 180 ° Shift fed and the phase-shifted sound via a converter submitted.
- US-A-5,181,252 discloses a highly complicated headphone converter which is used for an active noise compensation device.
- the cavity in front of the transducer is separated from the closed cavity behind the transducer by the transducer membrane.
- the transducer has a membrane that is considerably more flexible than the rear volume or, in other words, the rear volume is significantly stiffer than the rigidity of the membrane of the transducer.
- Such a ratio of the membrane rigidity to the rigidity of the rear volume is achieved, for example, in the case of a converter membrane which consists of a 40 ⁇ m thick polycarbonate layer.
- the noise compensation device known from US Pat. No.
- the rear volume thus determines the overall rigidity of the arrangement comprising the transducer and the rear volume.
- a known device has a relatively low resonance frequency and is not mechanically robust to environmental influences such as pressure and temperature fluctuations, which means that mechanical damage to the transducer is to be feared especially when the active noise compensation device is used under extreme environmental influences, which is precisely what is not uncommon in air traffic.
- the membrane compliance is less than the compliance of the rear volume, i.e. the membrane is stiffer than the volume behind it, the resonance frequency of the system increases, but this is without negative Influences on the overall system and can be reduced by other measures compensate.
- the behavior according to the inventive measure of the transducer overall through its own membrane rather than its volume determined behind her. This makes the transducer less sensitive to electro-acoustics but everything is mechanically robust against environmental influences such as pressure and Temperature fluctuations and is therefore better for use under extreme conditions suitable.
- the measure according to the invention remains active noise compensation function as such largely unchanged, and by The higher resonance of the system is also the area without feedback critical Phase rotations increased.
- One way of stiffening the membrane is to make the membrane successive To build up laminate layers, preferably from three layers, namely 60 ⁇ m polycarbonate, followed by a layer of 30 ⁇ m polyurethane, this again followed by another 60 ⁇ m layer of polycarbonate.
- a damping resistor is provided below the membrane. This can be done mainly by the fact that below the membrane very close to it Damping means are arranged so that the volume between the bead area the membrane is reduced in relation to the rear volume.
- the sensitivity can be optimized by optimizing the Raise the voice coil again as far as desired. This is maximization of the product of the specific conductivity and the wire cross-sectional area of the Suitable coil of the converter.
- FIG. 1 shows a section of a headphone with active noise compensation according to the invention.
- the headphones have a converter 1 with a converter housing 2 and a transducer membrane 50, one on the rear part of the Membrane attached coil 4 and a coil housing 5.
- the converter membrane 50 consists of a central part 6 - called a calotte - and one the calotte surrounding ring 7 - called bead - for sound generation.
- the bead is also used for mechanical suspension of the calotte and ensures the deflectability of the Dome 6 and the coil 4 attached to it, which depending on one Noise compensation current immersed in the coil housing 5.
- the converter housing 2 consists of three interconnected parts, namely resonator 70, which is based on is attached to a chassis 60, on the back of which a cover 120 or a protective cap is arranged.
- the transducer membrane 50 separates the volume V 1 behind the membrane 50 from the volume V 2 in front of the membrane.
- the rear volume V 1 is completely closed off by the closed transducer housing, while the front volume V 2 is that which lies between the transducer membrane 50 and the human ear and is different due to the different physiognomic configurations of the human ear or the human auditory canal.
- the front volume V 2 is many times larger than the rear volume V 1 .
- a resonator in front of the membrane for mechanical protection of the transducer membrane 30 preferably made of plastic and an acoustically transparent one above Fabric 40 is provided as a damping means, especially to prevent the penetration of Prevent dust in the area of the diaphragm of the converter.
- damping means are arranged in the rear volume, around the To reduce the fundamental resonance of the transducer.
- a damping disc is located below the bead at an average distance of about 2 mm 70 made of acoustic silk.
- a damping felt ring 80 in the middle Part of the rear volume is provided at the passage to the bead area, and between the damping felt ring 80 and a protective cap 120 of the converter 2 is an acoustically transparent foam 90, a paper layer 100 and a Damping felt 110 arranged.
- the transducer has a microphone holder 10 lying on the outside at the front, which records a microphone whose main axis MA is at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the main axis HA of the converter. In the area below the microphone the mechanical tissue protection 40 is omitted and the resonator 30 is pierced.
- the microphone picks up the noise 15 in front of the transducer and converts it into one corresponding electrical signal, which is passed on to a circuit is, which generates a 180 ° phase-shifted converter signal, which the Coil 5 is supplied to a corresponding deflection of the voice coil 4 produce.
- Membranes with laminates of different thicknesses are suitable for reducing ⁇ below 1, for example a membrane film composed of three layers with 60 ⁇ m PC, 30 ⁇ m PU, 60 ⁇ m PC.
- the membrane is now stiffer than the volume V 1 behind it.
- the structure of the membrane from different laminates has the advantage that the internal damping of the membrane is higher than in the case of a single-layer membrane, as a result of which natural resonances are avoided.
- FIG. 3 shows various sound pressure frequency diagrams which show the conditions when different measures are taken.
- FIG. 3a shows a sound pressure frequency diagram of a known noise compensation converter - see FIG. 4-, which has a resonance frequency f 0 , a sound pressure sensitivity P 01 below the resonance frequency and a sound pressure sensitivity P 02 above the resonance frequency.
- the membrane compliance N M is less than the compliance N 1 of the rear volume V 1 , that is, ⁇ ⁇ 1
- the resonance frequency increases to f 0 'and P 01 ', i.e. the sensitivity below the resonance frequency drops below P 01 , as shown in Figure 3b.
- the dynamic mass of the transducer is now increased - see FIG. 3c - the resonance frequency drops to the old value, but there is a pronounced increase in the basic resonance, and the sensitivity above the resonance frequency drops, ie P 02 ' ⁇ P 02 .
- the damping resistance can be below Membrane are enlarged, which is best done by making the first Damping agent in the form of acoustic silk below the bead relatively close to Bead is arranged, whereby the desired conditions - Figure 3d - readjust, but the entire membrane is more robust and is therefore more suitable for use under extreme conditions.
- the above explanations show that as the membrane stiffness increases, so that ⁇ ⁇ 1, the resonance frequency of the transducer system increases and at the same time the sensitivity drops below the resonance frequency.
- the resonance frequency the transducer system is made up of the mass of the system consisting of membrane and voice coil and its spring stiffness determined. Due to the dynamic mass The transducer system can set the resonance frequency to the desired value be set, increasing the dynamic mass of the transducer system leads to a reduction in the resonance frequency. As a result there is a pronounced increase in the fundamental resonance of the transducer system and a decrease in sensitivity above the resonance frequency.
- the damping resistance can be below Membrane can be enlarged, as shown in Figure 1 by the damping disc 70 can take place below the bead 7.
- the sensitivity can finally below and above the resonance frequency to the required value - Figure 3e - can be set.
- FIG. 4 shows a converter arrangement as has been available on the market for several years.
- the same parts of the converter shown in Figure 4 in comparison to the converter shown in Figure 1 are given the same reference numerals.
- the structural differences between the known converter according to FIG. 4 and the converter according to FIG. 1 are obvious to the person skilled in the art.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Headphones And Earphones (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
Description
- Figur 1
- Querschnitt durch einen Kopfhörerwandler mit aktiver Lärmkompensation gemäß der Erfindung;
- Figur 2
- ein akustisches Ersatzschaltbild für den Wandler nach Figur 1;
- Figur 3
- Schalldruck-Frequenz-Diagramme für verschiedene Auswirkungen von Maßnahmen bei dem Wandler nach Figur 1 und 2; und
- Figur 4
- Querschnitt durch einen bekannten Kopfhörer mit aktiver Lärmkompensation.
- V1:
- hinteres Volumen
- V2:
- vorderes Volumen
- N1:
- Nachgiebigkeit des Volumens hinter der Membran
- N2:
- Nachgiebigkeit des Volumens vor der Membran
- MM:
- Membranmasse
- NM:
- Membrannachgiebigkeit
- DM:
- mechanische Dämpfung der Membran
- ω0, ω0':
- Resonanzfrequenzen = 2πf0 bzw. 2πf0'
Claims (11)
- Einrichtung mit aktiver Lärmkompensation, wobei die Einrichtung einen Wandler (1) mit einer Wandlermembran (50) aufweist, welche ein Volumen (V2) vor der Membran von einem Volumen (V1) hinter der Membran trennt und wobei die Wandlermembran (50) als auch das hintere Volumen (V1) eine bestimmte Nachgiebigkeit aufweisen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Volumen (V1) hinter der Membran vollständig abgeschlossen ist und
die Membran-Nachgiebigkeit (NM) geringer ist als die Nachgiebigkeit (N1) des hinteren Volumens (V1). - Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis (ε) von Membran-Nachgiebigkeit zur Nachgiebigkeit des hinteren Volumen (V1) etwa 0,85 ist. - Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Membran (50) aus einer Vielzahl von Schichten besteht. - Einrichtung nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Membran aus drei aufeinander geschichteten Laminatschichten besteht, wobei die erste und dritte Schicht aus Polycarbonat (PC) und die zweite Schicht aus Polyuretan (PU) besteht. - Einrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polycarbonatschichten eine Dicke von 60 µm und die Polyuretanschicht eine Dicke von 30 µm aufweisen. - Einrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Dämpfungsmittel (70) vorgesehen sind, die sehr nahe auf der Rückseite der Membran (50; 7) in einem mittleren Abstand von etwa 1-2 mm angeordnet sind. - Einrichtung nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Dämpfungsmittel (70) eine Dämpfungsscheibe aus akustischer Seide ist. - Einrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wandler (2) eine Schwingspule (4) aufweist, die einen Draht mit einer Drahtquerschnittsfläche (A) und einer spezifischen Drahtleitfähigkeit (σ) versehen ist, wobei das Produkt der Drahtquerschnittsfläche und der spezifischen Drahtleitfähigkeit (σ) maximiert ist. - Einrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Wiedergabewandler ein Mikrofon (11) zur Schallaufnahme des Störschalls (15) zugeordnet ist und daß die zentrale Wandlerachse (HA) und die zentrale Mikrofonachse (MA) in einem Winkel von etwa 45° zueinander angeordnet sind. - Verwendung eines Wandlers für eine Einrichtung mit aktiver Lärmkompensation, wobei der Wandler eine Wandlermembran (50) aufweist, welche das Volumen (V2) vor der Membran von dem Volumen (V1) hinter der Membran trennt und wobei sowohl die Wandlermembran (50) als auch das hintere Volumen (V1) eine bestimmte Nachgiebigkeit aufweisen, das Volumen (V1) hinter der Membran vollständig abgeschlossen ist und die Membrannachgiebigkeit NM geringer ist als die Nachgiebigkeit (N1) des hinteren Volumens (V1).
- Elektroakustischer Wandlereinrichtung, die einen Wandler (1) mit einer Wandlermembran (50) aufweist, welche das Volumen (V2) vor der Membran von dem Volumen (V1) hinter der Membran trennt und wobei sowohl die Wandlermembran (50) als auch das hintere Volumen (V1) eine bestimmte Nachgiebigkeit aufweisen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Volumen (V1) hinter der Membran vollständig abgeschlossen ist und die Membran-Nachgiebigkeit (NM) geringer ist als die Nachgiebigkeit (N1) des hinteren Volumens (V1).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19526124 | 1995-07-19 | ||
| DE19526124A DE19526124C2 (de) | 1995-07-19 | 1995-07-19 | Einrichtung mit aktiver Lärmkompensation |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0755166A2 EP0755166A2 (de) | 1997-01-22 |
| EP0755166A3 EP0755166A3 (de) | 1998-09-09 |
| EP0755166B1 true EP0755166B1 (de) | 2001-11-07 |
Family
ID=7767108
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96104591A Expired - Lifetime EP0755166B1 (de) | 1995-07-19 | 1996-03-22 | Einrichtung mit aktiver Lärmkompensation |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5809156A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0755166B1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19526124C2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6134336A (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 2000-10-17 | Motorola, Inc. | Integrated speaker assembly of a portable electronic device |
| US20010046304A1 (en) * | 2000-04-24 | 2001-11-29 | Rast Rodger H. | System and method for selective control of acoustic isolation in headsets |
| GB2393352A (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2004-03-24 | Mitel Knowledge Corp | Speaker system with two enclosures having complementary frequency responses |
| US7499555B1 (en) * | 2002-12-02 | 2009-03-03 | Plantronics, Inc. | Personal communication method and apparatus with acoustic stray field cancellation |
| GB2401278B (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2007-06-06 | Sennheiser Electronic | A device for picking up/reproducing audio signals |
| US6785395B1 (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2004-08-31 | Motorola, Inc. | Speaker configuration for a portable electronic device |
| US20050079832A1 (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2005-04-14 | Shlomo Gelbart | Transducer design for rugged portable communications products |
| DE102005016204A1 (de) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-12 | Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kopfhörer zum Anschluss an eine externe aktive Lärmkompensationsvorrichtung |
| EP1949753A1 (de) * | 2005-10-21 | 2008-07-30 | SFX Technologies Limited | Verbesserungen an audio-einrichtungen |
| DE102005052548A1 (de) * | 2005-11-02 | 2007-05-03 | Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg | Wandlersystem für eine aktive Lärmkompensationsvorrichtung |
| US8054992B2 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2011-11-08 | Bose Corporation | High frequency compensating |
| US8077874B2 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2011-12-13 | Bose Corporation | Active noise reduction microphone placing |
| TW200813978A (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-03-16 | Junichi Kakumoto | Audio player with decreasing environmental noise function |
| US9558732B2 (en) * | 2007-08-15 | 2017-01-31 | Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Active noise control system |
| US20090136052A1 (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2009-05-28 | David Clark Company Incorporated | Active Noise Cancellation Using a Predictive Approach |
| US8135140B2 (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2012-03-13 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | System for active noise control with audio signal compensation |
| US9020158B2 (en) | 2008-11-20 | 2015-04-28 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Quiet zone control system |
| US8718289B2 (en) * | 2009-01-12 | 2014-05-06 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | System for active noise control with parallel adaptive filter configuration |
| DE102009005302B4 (de) | 2009-01-16 | 2022-01-05 | Sennheiser Electronic Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schutzhelm und Vorrichtung zur aktiven Störschallunterdrückung |
| US8189799B2 (en) * | 2009-04-09 | 2012-05-29 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | System for active noise control based on audio system output |
| US8199924B2 (en) | 2009-04-17 | 2012-06-12 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | System for active noise control with an infinite impulse response filter |
| US8077873B2 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2011-12-13 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | System for active noise control with adaptive speaker selection |
| DE102010004667B4 (de) | 2010-01-14 | 2016-08-11 | Austriamicrosystems Ag | Gehäuse und Lautsprechermodul |
| DE102011086646B4 (de) | 2011-11-18 | 2013-06-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Bildschirm und Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines Bildschirms |
| US10623847B2 (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-04-14 | EVA Automation, Inc. | Headphone with multiple acoustic paths |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3098307A (en) * | 1961-09-01 | 1963-07-23 | Acoustron Corp | Language instruction apparatus |
| DE2500397C2 (de) * | 1975-01-07 | 1986-05-28 | Schorlemer, Frhr. von, Reinfried, Dipl.-Phys., 3500 Kassel | Membran für ein elektroakustisches Wandlersystem und damit ausgerüstetes elektroakustisches Wandlersystem |
| US4058688A (en) * | 1975-05-27 | 1977-11-15 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Headphone |
| US4140203A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1979-02-20 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Acoustic diaphragm with polyurethane elastomer coating |
| US4107479A (en) * | 1976-09-03 | 1978-08-15 | Oskar Heil | Electro-acoustic transducer |
| JPS5388718A (en) * | 1976-12-15 | 1978-08-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Sealed head phone |
| JPS5526730A (en) * | 1978-08-15 | 1980-02-26 | Sony Corp | Electroacoustic converter |
| US4570746A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1986-02-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Wind/breath screen for a microphone |
| US4658931A (en) * | 1985-06-11 | 1987-04-21 | Curry David G | Evacuated plenum hearing protection |
| JPH0450718Y2 (de) * | 1986-02-28 | 1992-11-30 | ||
| DE3722832A1 (de) * | 1987-07-03 | 1989-01-12 | Electronic Werke Deutschland | Membran fuer einen lautsprecher |
| EP0366693A1 (de) * | 1987-07-03 | 1990-05-09 | EWD Electronic-Werke Deutschland GmbH | Membran für einen lautsprecher |
| US4922542A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1990-05-01 | Roman Sapiejewski | Headphone comfort |
| US5181252A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1993-01-19 | Bose Corporation | High compliance headphone driving |
| US5305387A (en) * | 1989-10-27 | 1994-04-19 | Bose Corporation | Earphoning |
| US5182774A (en) * | 1990-07-20 | 1993-01-26 | Telex Communications, Inc. | Noise cancellation headset |
| US5208868A (en) * | 1991-03-06 | 1993-05-04 | Bose Corporation | Headphone overpressure and click reducing |
| US5148887A (en) * | 1991-04-01 | 1992-09-22 | Gentex Corporation | Earcup assembly incorporating mechanical active noise reduction |
| US5185807A (en) * | 1991-05-08 | 1993-02-09 | David Clark Company Incorporated | Headset with multi-position stirrup assemblies |
| US5343523A (en) * | 1992-08-03 | 1994-08-30 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Telephone headset structure for reducing ambient noise |
| US5492129A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1996-02-20 | Greenberger; Hal | Noise-reducing stethoscope |
| US5757946A (en) * | 1996-09-23 | 1998-05-26 | Northern Telecom Limited | Magnetic fluid loudspeaker assembly with ported enclosure |
-
1995
- 1995-07-19 DE DE19526124A patent/DE19526124C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-20 US US08/560,861 patent/US5809156A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-03-22 EP EP96104591A patent/EP0755166B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-22 DE DE59608113T patent/DE59608113D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-03-02 US US09/033,254 patent/US5949897A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19526124A1 (de) | 1997-01-30 |
| US5949897A (en) | 1999-09-07 |
| DE59608113D1 (de) | 2001-12-13 |
| DE19526124C2 (de) | 1997-06-26 |
| EP0755166A3 (de) | 1998-09-09 |
| EP0755166A2 (de) | 1997-01-22 |
| US5809156A (en) | 1998-09-15 |
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