EP0750941B1 - Catalyseur à base d'alumine chlorée, et son utilisation en isomérisation des normales paraffines C4-C6 - Google Patents
Catalyseur à base d'alumine chlorée, et son utilisation en isomérisation des normales paraffines C4-C6 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0750941B1 EP0750941B1 EP96401327A EP96401327A EP0750941B1 EP 0750941 B1 EP0750941 B1 EP 0750941B1 EP 96401327 A EP96401327 A EP 96401327A EP 96401327 A EP96401327 A EP 96401327A EP 0750941 B1 EP0750941 B1 EP 0750941B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- support
- alumina
- range
- catalyst according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 72
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 9
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylbutane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C HNRMPXKDFBEGFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012320 chlorinating reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HJPOKQICBCJGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-J [C+4].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-] Chemical compound [C+4].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-] HJPOKQICBCJGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HIGRAKVNKLCVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumine Chemical compound C1=CC=[Al]C=C1 HIGRAKVNKLCVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/128—Halogens; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/22—Halogenating
- B01J37/24—Chlorinating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/128—Halogens; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
- B01J27/13—Platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
- C07C5/2206—Catalytic processes not covered by C07C5/23 - C07C5/31
- C07C5/226—Catalytic processes not covered by C07C5/23 - C07C5/31 with metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
- C07C5/27—Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton
- C07C5/2767—Changing the number of side-chains
- C07C5/277—Catalytic processes
- C07C5/2791—Catalytic processes with metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- C07C2521/04—Alumina
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals
- C07C2523/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- C07C2523/42—Platinum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals
- C07C2523/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- C07C2523/44—Palladium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- C07C2523/74—Iron group metals
- C07C2523/755—Nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- C07C2523/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a catalyst based on chlorinated alumina and to its use in a process for the isomerization of normal C 4 -C 6 paraffins.
- n-butane makes it possible to produce isobutane respectively for aliphatic alkylation of olefins and for the synthesis of MTBE (methyl tertio butyl ether) via the dehydrogenation of isobutane, making it possible respectively to produce a high octane alkylate and provide MTBE compounds incorporable into essence fractions.
- MTBE methyl tertio butyl ether
- the isomerization of normal C 5 -C 6 paraffins makes it possible to transform paraffins of low octane number into isoparaffins of high octane number.
- US Pat. No. 5,166,121 claims a catalyst comprising gamma alumina shaped into beads and comprising between 0.1 and 3.5% halogen on the support.
- the halogen content, preferably chlorine deposited on the support is extremely weak.
- the invention relates to a catalyst containing at least chlorine, at least one group VIII metal and a shaped support comprising gamma alumina and optionally alumina eta, the catalyst being characterized in that the most small average size of said support is between 0.8 and 2 mm, preferably between 1 and 1.8 mm, and in that its chlorine content is between 4.5 and 15%, preferably between 5 and 12%, by weight.
- the catalyst support according to the invention is based on alumina, that is to say that it essentially includes alumina.
- the alumina support is alumina gamma to which eta alumina is optionally added.
- the alumina of the support generally comprises between 50 and 100% (terminal excluded), preferably between 80 and 100% (terminal excluded) (% by weight) of alumina eta, the balance being gamma alumina.
- the smallest average size of the catalyst support according to the invention is between 0.8 and 2mm, preferably between 1 and 1.8mm.
- said support consists essentially of balls with an average diameter between 0.8 and 2 mm, preferably between 1 and 1.8 mm, or else said support is formed essentially extruded whose smallest dimension is between 0.8 and 2 mm, preferably between 1 and 1.8 mm, i.e. the extrudates have been placed form from any extrusion technique known to those skilled in the art, such as for example a die with a diameter between 0.8 and 2 mm, preferably between 1 and 1.8 mm.
- the gamma alumina present in the catalyst support according to the invention has a specific surface generally between 150 and 300 m 2 / g and preferably between 180 and 250 m 2 / g, and a total pore volume generally between 0, 4 and 0.8 cm 3 / g and preferably between 0.45 and 0.7 cm 3 / g.
- the alumina was optionally present in the support of the catalyst according to the invention has a specific surface generally between 400 and 600 m 2 / g and preferably between 420 and 550 m 2 / g and a total pore volume generally between 0, 3 and 0.5 cm 3 / g and preferably between 0.35 and 0.45 cm 3 / g.
- the group VIII metal is chosen from the group formed by iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum, preferably chosen from the group formed by platinum, palladium and nickel.
- the content by weight is included between 0.05 and 1% and preferably between 0.1 and 0.6%.
- the weight content is between 0.1 and 10% and preferably between 0.2 and 5%.
- the catalyst according to the invention comprises at least chlorine, at a content between 4.5 and 15% by weight preferably between 5 and 12% by weight.
- the preparation of the catalyst according to the invention is generally carried out by setting form of the support, then by depositing on said support shaped at least one metal of group VIII, and finally by chlorination, after a optional preferred step of activation under hydrogen.
- Each step of the process for preparing the support according to the invention is explained below.
- the two types of alumina are preferably mixed and form together, according to any technique known to a person skilled in the art, for example by extrusion through a die, by pelleting or by coating. But he is also possible to shape the two types of alumina separately, then proceed to mix the two shaped aluminas.
- the most small dimension of the geometric shape described by the support after shaping is between 0.8 and 2 mm, preferably between 1 and 1.8 mm, which allows to obtain, during the chlorination stage of the support, a sufficient chlorine content for a reduced chlorination time.
- At least one hydrogenating metal from group VIII preferably chosen from the group formed by platinum, palladium, and nickel, is then deposited on this support by any technique known to a person skilled in the art, for example by anion exchange in the form of hexachloroplatinic acid in the case of platinum or in the form of chloride in the case of palladium.
- the catalyst can optionally undergo activation treatment in high temperature air, for example at a temperature between 300 and 700 ° C, then treatment with hydrogen to to obtain an active metallic phase.
- the procedure for this treatment under hydrogen for example includes a slow rise in temperature under current hydrogen up to the maximum reduction temperature generally understood between about 300 and 700 ° C, preferably between about 340 and 680 ° C, followed by a maintaining this temperature, generally for 1 to 6 hour (s), preferably for 1.5 to 4.5 hours.
- Chlorination, alumina is carried out outside or directly in the reaction unit where the catalyst is used, preferably an isomerization unit, by tetrachloride carbon or chloroform, as exemplified below.
- Chlorination treatment can be performed directly in the catalyst use unit according to the invention, before injection of the load, or off site.
- a support characterized in that its smallest average dimension is between 0.8 and 2 mm, preferably between 1 and 1.8 mm, and in that its content in chlorine, is between 4.5 and 15%, preferably between 5 and 12%, by weight, the chlorinating agent being the carbon tetrachloride or chloroform advantageously provides rapid and uniform chlorination.
- the most small average size is greater than 2 mm does not allow halogenation fast and total support; the halogen content (weight percentage) of the support then remaining below 4.5% even after a very long halogenation time, this which does not allow obtaining the maximum activity and selectivity for this type of catalyst.
- the reduction treatment under hydrogen can take place outside the unit (ex situ "), which involves taking special precautions for the transport of said catalyst to said unit, or else said processing can take place within the unit ("in-situ") just before the use of said catalyst.
- the catalyst according to the invention is used in a conventional process isomerization of a charge comprising mainly normal paraffins containing from 4 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule, preferably from 5 to 6 carbon atoms per molecule, the conditions of which are indicated below usual procedures.
- the isomerization takes place in at least one reactor.
- the temperature is between 100 and 300 ° C, preferably between 120 and 280 ° C, and the partial pressure of hydrogen is between atmospheric pressure and 7 MPa, preferably between 0.5 and 5 MPa.
- the space velocity is between 0.2 and 10 liters, preferably between 0.5 and 5 liters of liquid hydrocarbons per liter of catalyst per hour.
- the hydrogen / charge molar ratio at the reactor inlet is such that the ratio hydrogen / charge molar in the effluent leaving the reactor is greater than 0.06, of preferably between 0.06 and 10.
- Gamma alumina is formed by extrusion through a die of diameter 1.2 mm. After calcination in prior air, it is deposited on said alumina 0.3% platinum shaping by ion exchange with acid hexachloroplatinic in the presence of HCI as a competitive agent. The solid as well prepared is calcined in air and then reduced in hydrogen at 600 ° C.
- the solid obtained is then chlorinated, at a temperature of 250 ° C., by injection of carbon tetrachloride.
- Gamma alumina is formed by extrusion through a die of diameter 1.2 mm. After calcination in prior air, it is deposited on said alumina 0.3% platinum shaping by ion exchange with acid hexachloroplatinic in the presence of HCl as a competitive agent. The solid as well prepared is calcined in air and then reduced in hydrogen at 600 ° C.
- the solid obtained is then chlorinated, at a temperature of 250 ° C., by injection of hydrogen chloride.
- Gamma alumina is formed by extrusion through a die of 2.4mm diameter. After calcination in prior air, it is deposited on said alumina 0.3% platinum shaping by ion exchange with acid hexachloroplatinic in the presence of HCI as a competitive agent. The solid as well prepared is calcined in air and then reduced in hydrogen at 600 ° C.
- the solid obtained is then chlorinated, at a temperature of 250 ° C., by Injection of carbon tetrachloride.
- Gamma alumina is formed by extrusion through a die of diameter 2.4 mm. After calcination in prior air, it is deposited on said alumina 0.3% platinum shaping by ion exchange with acid hexachloroplatinic in the presence of HCI as a competitive agent. The solid as well prepared is calcined in air and then reduced in hydrogen at 600 ° C.
- the solid obtained is then chlorinated, at a temperature of 250 ° C., by injection of hydrogen chloride.
- Gamma alumina is formed by extrusion through a die of diameter 1.2 mm. After calcination in prior air, it is deposited on said alumina 0.3% platinum shaping by ion exchange with acid hexachloroplatinic in the presence of HCI as a competitive agent. The solid as well prepared is calcined in air and then reduced in hydrogen at 600 ° C.
- the solid obtained is then chlorinated, at a temperature of 250 ° C., by injection of chloroform.
- a mixture of 90% eta alumina and 10% gamma alumina is formed by extrusion through a 1.2 mm diameter die. After calcination in air beforehand, 0.3% platinum is deposited on said shaped alumina by ion exchange with hexachloroplatinic acid in the presence of HCl as competing agent. The solid thus prepared is calcined in air and then reduced under hydrogen at 600 ° C.
- the solid obtained is then chlorinated, at a temperature of 250 ° C., by injection of carbon tetrachloride.
- a mixture of 90% eta alumina and 10% gamma alumina is formed by extrusion through a 1.2 mm diameter die. After calcination in air beforehand, 0.3% platinum is deposited on said shaped alumina by ion exchange with hexachloroplatinic acid in the presence of HCI as competing agent. The solid thus prepared is calcined in air and then reduced under hydrogen at 600 ° C.
- the solid obtained is then chlorinated, at a temperature of 250 ° C., by injection of chloroform.
- the chlorine content in weight percent for catalysts A, B, C, D, E, F, G is followed as a function of the duration of chlorination by X-ray fluorescence.
- Catalysts E and G chlorinated by chloroform have chlorine contents obtained close to those obtained by chlorination with carbon tetrachloride (catalysts A and F).
- Catalysts F and G containing eta alumina and gamma alumina have chlorine contents obtained substantially equal.
- the catalysts A and C previously prepared are each tested in isomerization of a charge formed of approximately 60% of normal C 5 paraffins and 40% of normal C 6 paraffins, said charge containing 100 ppm of CCl 4 expressed by weight of chlorine to maintain the chlorine content of the catalyst used.
- Catalyst A according to the invention with a chlorine content greater than 4.5% gives better performance than catalyst C, the chlorine content of which is weaker.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
- les catalyseurs de type Friedel et Crafts, tel que le chlorure d'aluminium, qui sont utilisés à des basses températures (environ 80 à 130°C);
- les catalyseurs comprenant au moins un métal du groupe VIII sur support à base d'alumine halogénée, de préférence chlorée, qui sont utilisés à des températures moyennes (environ 150°C),
- les catalyseurs zéolithiques comprenant au moins un métal du groupe VIII déposé sur une zéolithe, qui sont utilisés à des températures élevées (250°C et plus); lesdits catalyseurs conduisent à des gains d'octane plus faibles dans les produits obtenus que les deux types de catalyseurs précédemment décrits mais présentent l'avantage d'être plus faciles à mettre en oeuvre et d'être plus résistants aux poisons. Néanmoins, ils ne peuvent pas être employés pour l'isomérisation du n-butane car ils développent en plus une plus faible acidité que les deux types de catalyseurs précédemment décrits.
Durée de chloration | 1 heure | 3 heures | 6 heures | 9 heures |
Teneur Cl catalyseur A | 5,4 % | 5,9% | 6,2% | 6,4% |
Teneur Cl catalyseur B | 2,9% | 3,5% | 3,7% | 3,8% |
Teneur Cl catalyseur C | 2,7% | 3,7% | 4,3% | 4,4% |
Teneur Cl catalyseur D | 2,8% | 3,2% | 3,5% | 3,7% |
Teneur Cl catalyseur E | 5,0% | 5,7% | 6,1% | 6,2% |
Teneur Cl catalyseur F | 8,5% | 8,7% | 9,1% | 9,8% |
Teneur Cl catalyseur G | 7,9% | 8,4% | 8,9% | 9,2% |
- Température : 150°C
- Pression : 2 MPa
- v.v.h :2h-1
- H2/HC (dans l'effluent) : 0,07
Catalyseur A (selon l'invention) | Catalyseur C (comparatif) | |
Teneur en Cl (%poids) | 5,9 | 3,7 |
iC5/(i + n)C5 | 0,78 | 0,59 |
iC6/(i + n)C6 | 0,89 | 0,73 |
AEQi5 (%) | 94,0 | 71,0 |
AEQ 2,2 diméthylbutane (%) | 88,0 | 60,0 |
Craquage (% poids) (réaction secondaire) | 2,0 | 1,2 |
Claims (10)
- Catalyseur contenant au moins un métal du groupe VIII, un support mis en forme comprenant de l'alumine gamma et de plus petite dimension moyenne comprise entre 0,8 et 2 mm et du chlore à une teneur comprise entre 4,5 et 15 % en poids déposé à partir de tétrachlorure de carbone ou de chloroforme.
- Catalyseur selon la revendication 1 tel que le support comprend en outre de l'alumine êta.
- Catalyseur selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 tel que le support est formé essentiellement d'extrudés.
- Catalyseur selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 tel que le support est formé essentiellement de billes de diamètre moyen compris entre 0,8 et 2 mm.
- Catalyseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 tel que l'alumine gamma a une surface spécifique comprise entre 150 et 300 m2/g et un volume poreux compris entre 0,4 et 0,8 cm3/g
- Catalyseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 tel que l'alumina êta, si elle est présente dans le support dudit catalyseur, a une surface spécifique comprise entre 400 et 600 m2/g et un volume poreux compris entre 0,3 et 0,5 cm3/g.
- Catalyseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 tel que le métal du groupe VIII est choisi dans le groupe formé par le platine, le palladium et le nickel.
- Catalyseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 dans lequel la teneur en chlore est comprise entre 5 et 12 % poids.
- Utilisation du catalyseur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, dans un procédé d'isomérisation d'une charge comprenant en majeure partie des normales paraffines comprenant de 4 à 6 atomes de carbone par molécule.
- Utilisation selon la revendication 9 dans laquelle la charge comprend en majeure partie des normales paraffines comprenant de 5 à 6 atomes de carbone par molécules.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9507887 | 1995-06-28 | ||
FR9507887A FR2735993B1 (fr) | 1995-06-28 | 1995-06-28 | Catalyseur a base d'alumine halogenee, sa preparation et son utilisation en isomerisation des normales paraffines c4-c6 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0750941A1 EP0750941A1 (fr) | 1997-01-02 |
EP0750941B1 true EP0750941B1 (fr) | 2003-11-12 |
Family
ID=9480553
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96401327A Expired - Lifetime EP0750941B1 (fr) | 1995-06-28 | 1996-06-19 | Catalyseur à base d'alumine chlorée, et son utilisation en isomérisation des normales paraffines C4-C6 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0750941B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH0910590A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR970000337A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2179925A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69630632T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2735993B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2744458B1 (fr) | 1996-02-05 | 1998-03-27 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede d'isomerisation de paraffines par distillation reactive |
FR2744441B1 (fr) | 1996-02-05 | 1998-03-27 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede d'isomerisation de paraffines |
EP0823275B1 (fr) * | 1996-02-27 | 2003-01-15 | Nippon Paint Co., Ltd. | Procede de suppression de mousses dans l'eau circulant en cabine |
FR2771307B1 (fr) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-12-31 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Preparation et utilisation en isomerisation des normales paraffines c4-c8 d'un catalyseur halogene a base d'alumine traitee a la vapeur d'eau |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3963643A (en) * | 1974-04-22 | 1976-06-15 | Universal Oil Products Company | Method of catalyst manufacture |
US4003849A (en) * | 1974-11-25 | 1977-01-18 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Lead/chloride/alumina isomerization catalyst for gasoline |
US4039604A (en) * | 1975-08-18 | 1977-08-02 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Hydrocarbon isomerization with increased temperature and lowered hydrogen/hydrocarbon ratio |
EP0530275A4 (en) * | 1990-05-21 | 1993-06-09 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalytic compositions |
-
1995
- 1995-06-28 FR FR9507887A patent/FR2735993B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-06-19 DE DE69630632T patent/DE69630632T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-19 EP EP96401327A patent/EP0750941B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-25 CA CA002179925A patent/CA2179925A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1996-06-27 JP JP8167591A patent/JPH0910590A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-06-28 KR KR1019960024906A patent/KR970000337A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69630632T2 (de) | 2004-05-13 |
EP0750941A1 (fr) | 1997-01-02 |
DE69630632D1 (de) | 2003-12-18 |
FR2735993A1 (fr) | 1997-01-03 |
KR970000337A (ko) | 1997-01-21 |
CA2179925A1 (fr) | 1996-12-29 |
FR2735993B1 (fr) | 1997-08-14 |
JPH0910590A (ja) | 1997-01-14 |
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