EP0748892A1 - Waschmaschine mit Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung der Spülung - Google Patents

Waschmaschine mit Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung der Spülung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0748892A1
EP0748892A1 EP96201658A EP96201658A EP0748892A1 EP 0748892 A1 EP0748892 A1 EP 0748892A1 EP 96201658 A EP96201658 A EP 96201658A EP 96201658 A EP96201658 A EP 96201658A EP 0748892 A1 EP0748892 A1 EP 0748892A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
ionic concentration
machine
rinsing
detergent
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Granted
Application number
EP96201658A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0748892B1 (de
EP0748892B2 (de
Inventor
Costantino Mariotti
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Whirlpool EMEA SpA
Original Assignee
Merloni Elettrodomestici SpA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F34/14—Arrangements for detecting or measuring specific parameters
    • D06F34/22—Condition of the washing liquid, e.g. turbidity
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/20—Washing liquid condition, e.g. turbidity
    • D06F2103/22—Content of detergent or additives
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/52—Changing sequence of operational steps; Carrying out additional operational steps; Modifying operational steps, e.g. by extending duration of steps
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/58—Indications or alarms to the control system or to the user

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a washing-machine, in particular a laundry washer, as described in the preamble of the annexed Claim 1.
  • the laundry washer executes the socalled rinse cycles, with the washer drum containing the clothes carrying out motion steps with fresh water from the mains.
  • the rinses usually a restricted number (normally four) are completed each one by a water discharge, a short spinning and a further discharge of the water being wringed out of the clothes during said spinning step.
  • the quantity of water used for the rinses and their number in the machines according to the known state of art are substantially fixed, and depend upon the parameters preset at the design stage of the machine control system.
  • the volume of water taken in for each rinse depends on the configuration of a sensor with a fixed level, eg. a pressure switch (controlling input of water preset quantities), whereas the number of rinse steps depend on the kind of the preset wash-cycle and each cycle always will execute that specific number of rinses.
  • laundry washers which are provided with a push-button to add at least a rinse step to the ones usually preset by the wash-cycle or to increase water level for the rinsing steps.
  • the user can press said push-button for a more efficient rinse.
  • a setting merely reflects a "quantitative" and approximate solution, being an open-ring adjustment, in the sense that if on one hand the pressure of said push-button surely determines a higher water consumption, on the other hand it does not necessarily warrant a full achievement of the desired result, i.e. a full removal of detergent residues.
  • Such a result is related to several factors, such as for instance the quantity of detergent introduced by the user into the machine, water hardness from the mains, type of fabric for the laundry to be washed and its quantity.
  • said object is obtained by providing a laundry washer having the characteristics listed in the annexed Claims.
  • the washing machine according to the present invention specifically a laundry washer, comprises a control unit of the type with a microcontroller, containing appropriate programme information codified in associated permanent memory means.
  • the control unit also contains available information of specific physical characteristics of the washing fluid through proper sensing means.
  • the machine according to the present invention also comprises a selecting device, consisting eg. of a rotary knob actuated by the user to indicate the required rinsing performance to the control unit.
  • the user is actually able to operate a qualitative choice through said selecting device for the type of rinsing to be carried out by the machine.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically said knob as indicated by M, through which the user can choose a position comprised between two opposite extreme values: a position for a minimum water consumption indicated by MC and a position for a highest rinsing performance, indicated by MR.
  • the machine according to the invention has an adequate device to measure washing water resistivity; a possible embodiment of which is described in Fig. 2.
  • Said measuring device of the washing water resistivity inside the laundry washer according to the present invention comprises two electrodes, shown in fig. 2 with the letters A and B.
  • Electrode A consists of an electrically conductive element directly in contact with the washing water, where in the instance of Fig. 2 coincides with the metal structure V itself of the machine (tub-drum assembly) but could also be separated by an adequate rubber seal.
  • Electrode B consists of an electrically conductive element directly in contact with the washing water and isolated against electrode A.
  • Said current flow will feed a charge transient of capacitor C and stop upon conclusion of said transient state, i.e. when voltage at capacitor C terminals equals the value of E.
  • the transient is generated by the microcontroller MP and its duration depends on the capacity value of capacitor C and on the resistivity value of the medium (washing water) through which the charge current is flowing.
  • charge time can be measured by any microcontroller available on the market MP (4 or 8 bit configuration) capable of measuring the time with a good resolution (eg. in the order of 1 microsecond).
  • a digital input of microcontroller MP is connected with the terminals of capacitor C, whereas a digital output, called OUT, is used to pilot a transistor Q, which is used as a control switch for the transient whose manifold is in its turn connected with capacitor C terminals.
  • Charge time for capacitor C is measured by the following operations of microcontroller MP:
  • the microcontroller MP has a program codified in its permanent ROM memory to calculate the fluid resistivity in relation to the measurement of the charge time of said capacitor.
  • Said information also enables the control system of the laundry washer according to the present invention to detect the presence of washing agents in the water; as a matter of fact, the value of ionic concentration in the water - proportional to the quantity of washing agent dissolved in water - can be desumed with the aid of an appropriate table by measuring the fluid resistivity after introduction of said washing agent.
  • Fig. 3 shows graphically by way of example the result of an experimental investigation showing the existing relation between the detergent concentration and the resistivity, as detected with the device of fig. 2, expressed in grams per liter at a temperature of 20°C (water hardness 30°F).
  • M indicates the above selection device or knob interacting with the resistivity metering device and microcontroller Mp to set the required rinsing type; said knob M can eg. consist of a simple potentiometer with variable resistance according to its angular position; as said previously, the knob M provides a plurality of selectable positions ranging from a highest rinsing quality (MR) to a minimum water consumption (MC).
  • MR rinsing quality
  • MC minimum water consumption
  • each selectable position of knob M refers to a determined concentration of detergent residue in the water from the last rinse.
  • detergent concentration in the water from the last rinse carried out by the machine shall be as little as possible, compatibly with a water consumption restricted to a certain max value as preset by the machine control system at design stage and based on relevant standards (as it will be further explained).
  • residual detergent concentration shall anyway be compatible with preset limits.
  • said limits shall be based on the socalled ECO-Label Guideline indicating that detergent concentration of the last rinse carried out by the machine should at least be 60 times lower than the one of the last wash step.
  • the user loads the clothes for washing, selects the required wash cycle in a usually known manner and sets the desired rinsing performance through the knob M; then he starts the machine eg. actuating a proper start-button.
  • each position of the knob M corresponds to a well determined ionic concentration of the water, which is indicative of the quantity of detergent residues still available in the water from the last rinse. Therefore, once the control unit is aware of knob M position, also the residual detergent concentration to be reached during the last rinse of the machine will be determined, so as to end the wash-cycle.
  • the nonvolatile memory means related to the microcontroller MP may include codified data indicating for each position of the knob M a corresponding value or a range of values for the ionic concentration that water should have at the end of the rinse process.
  • the microcontroller MP will measure either the ionic or detergent concentration degree of the water during the last washing step through the measuring device shown in Fig. 2 and store said value in an adequate memory register, such as for instance a nonvolatile EEPROM type memory.
  • the rinses are executed before ending the wash cycle; let us assume, to this purpose, that also the machine according to the present invention will normally execute at least two rinses.
  • the microcontroller MP At the end of the second rinse and before discharging its water the microcontroller MP will measure - always through the device shown in Fig. 2 - the ionic or detergent concentration degree of the water during said final rinse.
  • the microcontroller MP will compare the ionic concentration value of the water measured at the end of the wash cycle with the ionic concentration value at rinse end (as said above, starting from said ionic concentration data the control system can trace back the quantity of detergent residues available in the water). As already mentioned, this comparison is achieved by the microcontroller MP bearing in mind that in agreement with the criteria dictated by ECO-Label Guideline, whenever the condition of least water consumption (MC) is selected, the detergent concentration during the final rinse shall be at least 60 times lower than the detergent concentration detected during the last wash.
  • MC condition of least water consumption
  • the relationship between the detergent concentration at wash end and the one at the end of each rinse is defined herein as a diluition relationship of the residual detergent concentration.
  • the criteria at rinse end consists in reaching a determined diluiton relationship of the residual detergent concentration ranging from a minimum value, eg. 60 for the position MC of least water consumption (in agreement with ECO-Label Guideline) to a max value (eg. 600 for the position MR of highest rinse performance).
  • a minimum value eg. 60 for the position MC of least water consumption (in agreement with ECO-Label Guideline)
  • max value eg. 600 for the position MR of highest rinse performance.
  • all intermediate positions from minimum to maximum values between both limit positions are included, in agreement with the actual position selected with the knob M.
  • control unit compares the value of the water from the second rinse, the value of the last washing step and the data set by the user through the knob M. If the detergent concentration of the water from the second rinse is at least 60 times lower than the one from the last washing step, the rinsing process will stop, the water from the second rinse discharged and spinning executed.
  • control system will enable water discharge from the second rinse, carry out the normal spinning step following each rinse with related water discharge and start a third rinse with fresh water.
  • control unit will measure again the ionic concentration of the water and make a new data comparison.
  • the machine will operate exactly as described above, since the control unit compares the ionic concentration value of the water from the second rinse with the one from the last washing step and the value set by the user through the knob M. If the value of the detergent concentration in the water from the second rinse is compatible with the one set by the user through the knob M, then the rinsing process will terminate, the water from the second rinse is discharged and a relevant spinning will follow.
  • control system will enable water discharge from the second rinse, the usual spinning step following each rinse and related water discharge, then start a third rinse with fresh water. At the end of said third rinse the control unit will measure again the ionic concentration of the water and make a new data comparison.
  • the "loop" can be repeated, theoretically, till the concentration value from the last rinse step equals the one set by the user. Also in this case it may prove convenient - at logic control circuit level - to set a maximum value for water consumption.
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically the block diagram of a part of a likely control logic circuit of the laundry washing-machine according to the present invention.
  • Block 200 is the logic flow start block, to start a previously selected wash cycle; then control goes to block 201 to check the selected wash cycle type and from block 201 to block 202 to check the required rinse type, i.e. the selection actuated by the user through the knob M.
  • Control goes then to block 203, wash-cycle start, to start water by which the first water supply is obtained and the various steps are executed up to actual washing end.
  • Control goes to block 204 to calculate the ionic concentraction of the water from the last rinse according to the selected wash-cycle.
  • Control goes to block 205 to check the first rinse, then to block 206 to execute a second rinse.
  • Control goes to block 207 to calculate the ionic concentration degree of the water at the end of the second rinse.
  • Control goes to block 208, a test block, to check compatibility between the set value of the ionic concentration and the one actually measured.
  • control goes to block 209 to terminate the wash cycle; in the negative (NO), control goes back to block 206 to execute a new rinse and a new measurement of the ionic concentration.
  • the cycle or "loop" 206-208 will then be repeated till the rinse water tested from block 206 reaches the required ionic concentration level.
  • the washing machine operates as follows.
  • the user loads the clothes to be washed, sets the required wash-cycle in a usual known manner and always using the knob M he sets the desired rinse performance. After said operations the user starts the machine.
  • the microcontroller MP measures through the measuring device shown in Fig. 2 the resistivity degree of the water at the inlet and calculates both its relevant hardness and ionic concentration degrees.
  • the machine control system is informed about the minimum ionic concentration degree available, i.e. the ionic concentration degree of fresh water from the mains feeding the machine.
  • the ionic concentration degree of the water mains can vary from place to place and in the same place from season to season.
  • the machine proceeds further with its normal operation and executes the normal washing steps according to the wash-cycle selected by the user. Rinses are carried out before cycle end. Let us assume that also the machine according to the above suggested embodiment normally executes at least two rinses.
  • the microcontroller MP calculates through the measuring device shown in Fig. 2 and as already described above the ionic concentration degree of the water inside the tub, i.e. the water used for the second rinse and from this value the control system will obtain the quantity of detergent residues in the water from said rinse.
  • the control unit will then compare the ionic concentration of the water from the second rinse with the ionic concentration value set by the user through the knob M.
  • control unit compares the value related to the water from the second rinse with the value of the initial water supplied from the mains. If both data are compatible the rinse process will end and the water from the second rinse discharged followed by spinning.
  • control system will enable water discharge from the second rinse, the normal spinning step following each rinse and its discharge, then start a third rinse with clean water. At the end of said third rinse the control unit will measure the ionic concentration in the water and proceed to a new comparison.
  • Said "loop" can go on theoretically till the concentration value of the repeated rinses equals the initial value of ionic concentration. At any rate, it is also possible to set the execution of a max number of rinses which surely allows to reach to reach the limits dictated by the ECO-Label Guideline.
  • the user may have selected an intermediate rinsing level, since he prefers to save water.
  • the machine control system will compare the ionic concentration degree of the water at the end of the second rinse with the data set by the user through the knob M.
  • the value set by the user always represents a relative value, since the quality degree of the rinsing process is obviously depending on the ionic concentration characteristics of clean water from the mains, i.e. the value set by the user is interpreted by the control system based on the quality of the water available.
  • the control system At any rate, if following a measurement of the water ionic concentration at the end of the second rinse the control system realized that the required result has not yet been reached, then the control system itself will enable water discharge and execution of the normal spinning step following each rinse with its related discharge, then start a third rinse step with clean water. At the end of such a third rinse the control system will measure again the ionic concentration degree of the water and make a subsequent data comparison repeating the "loop" as described above till the ionic concentration value detected is compatible (eg. either equal or very close and/or lower) with the one set through the knob M.
  • the machine control system executes a relative measurement of the ionic concentration degree of the rinsing water, since the basic value for the comparison with the value set by the user will always be the one of the ionic concentration of the water from the mains, i.e. water first input into the machine.
  • the characteristics of said initial water may change from place to place and from season to season; anyway, the machine according to the suggested embodiment is perfectly capable of adapting its operation to said variability of environmental conditions.
  • the first water taken into the machine will contain some detergent so that the device measuring both the resistivity and ionic concentration is not in a position to indicate a significant data.
  • the required comparisons will be made by the control system based on an historical value related to the ionic concentration of the water from the mains, which is updated every time a cycle with pre-wash with detergent is not carried out.
  • control unit is advantageously equipped with a nonvolatile EEPROM type memory (Electrically Erasable Programmable Memory) capable of storing the values related to the ionic concentration degree of the water from the mains. Said indications can be picked up in the time, washing after washing, by the measuring device and stored in said nonvolatile memory, which is updated from time to time according to adequate criteria obtained from the modern learning software technology (learning algorythms).
  • learning algorythms modern learning software technology
  • Fig. 5 shows schematically the block diagram of a part of the logic control circuit of the laundry washing-machine according to the above embodiment of the present invention.
  • Block 100 is the logic flow start-block and corresponds to the start of a previously selected wash cycle; then control goes to block 101 to check the selected type of wash cycle and from block 101 to block 102 to check the required rinse type, i.e. the selection actuated by the user through the knob M.
  • Control goes to block 103, wash-cycle start, which starts water supply into the machine. Then control goes to block 104 to calculate the ionic concentration of the water during water supply and then to block 105, a test block, to check whether the value that has been calculated indicates the presence of detergent residues in the water (indicative of pre-wash).
  • control goes to block 106 through which the control unit provides to read the mentioned historical value and stores it in a proper memory address, then the control goes to block 108.
  • control goes to block 107 to store the ionic concentration value detected in the water from the mains in said memory address and update the historical value. Then the control goes to block 108.
  • Block 108 verifies the various washing steps, including a first rinse, then the control goes to block 109 to execute a second rinse.
  • control goes further to block 110 to calculate the ionic concentration degree of the water at the end of the second rinse.
  • the control goes to block 111, a test block, to check compatibility between the desired ionic concentration and the value actually detected (for instance the actual ionic concentration can be set to be always equal or lower).
  • control goes to block 112 to terminate the wash cycle; in the negative (NO), control goes back to block 109 to execute a new rinse and a new measurement of the ionic concentration.
  • the cycle or "loop" 109-111 is then repeated till the rinse water from block 109 will reach the ionic concentration level required.
  • the machine control system can favourably provide an adequate control routine to be realized automatically during machine installation should the first cycle be carried out with pre-wash, as in this instance, in fact, the control system cannot use the actual ionic concentration value of the water from the mains nor the historical data. Therefore, using this sequence the control system will control for said first wash-cycle of the machine life a higher pre-defined number of rinses than normally foreseen in average for a laundry washer (eg. twice the usual number), to achieve a presumably reliable value of the water characteristics from the mains at the end of the last rinse in the case of such a sequence.
  • Another embodiment may be a measuring device of the type already described above located directly on the water input pipe from the mains, i.e. upstream of the detergent dispenser.
  • the control system will obtain the actual ionic concentration value of the water from the mains even when carrying out a pre-wash with detergent.
  • This solution also appears very economical thanks to the low-cost components of the resistivity sensor.
  • a further possible embodiment to comply with the requirements of household appliance manufacturers provides some setting means instead of the knob M but not actuatable by the user, such as for instance a potentiometer inside the machine cabinet. Therefore, according to said embodiment, washing-machine manufacturers would be able to design machine configuration for the different markets using said setting means.
  • the countries with particular water consumption regulations could have the machines set to obtain best rinsing quality as a function of the max quantity of consumable water, leaving all other aspects and advantages of the present invention described above unchanged, whereas the countries where such regulations are not in force, i.e. where water cost rates are low, the machine could be steadily preset for best rinsing results.
EP96201658A 1995-06-16 1996-06-14 Waschmaschine mit Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung der Spülung Expired - Lifetime EP0748892B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO950511 1995-06-16
IT95TO000511A IT1276421B1 (it) 1995-06-16 1995-06-16 Macchina di lavaggio, con mezzi di impostazione della prestazione di risciacquo, e relativo metodo di controllo

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0748892A1 true EP0748892A1 (de) 1996-12-18
EP0748892B1 EP0748892B1 (de) 2001-04-04
EP0748892B2 EP0748892B2 (de) 2005-12-14

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EP96201658A Expired - Lifetime EP0748892B2 (de) 1995-06-16 1996-06-14 Waschmaschine mit Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung der Spülung

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EP (1) EP0748892B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69612325T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2156254T5 (de)
IT (1) IT1276421B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1978141A3 (de) * 2007-04-06 2009-12-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Verfahren zur Ansteuerung einer Waschmaschine
US10194781B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2019-02-05 Whirlpool Corporation User interface for dishwashing cycle optimization

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6958693B2 (en) 2002-05-24 2005-10-25 Procter & Gamble Company Sensor device and methods for using same
ITTO20060748A1 (it) 2006-10-17 2008-04-18 Indesit Co Spa Macchina di lavaggio, particolarmente una lavabiancheria, con interfaccia utente semplificata

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2412638A1 (fr) * 1977-12-20 1979-07-20 Asko Upo Oy Procede et dispositif pour commander le rincage dans une machine a laver
EP0030602A1 (de) * 1979-12-18 1981-06-24 Bosch-Siemens HausgerÀ¤te GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Spülen von in einer programmgesteuerten Waschmaschine gewaschener Wäsche

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1083320B (it) * 1977-07-22 1985-05-21 Zanussi A Spa Industrie Programmatore elettronico,in particolare per macchine lavabiancheria domestiche
FR2450305A1 (fr) * 1979-03-02 1980-09-26 Martin Usines Fonderies Arthur Dispositif hybride de programmation pour machine a laver le linge
DE3715956A1 (de) * 1987-05-13 1988-12-01 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Verfahren zum ueberwachen des programmablaufes von geschirrspuel- oder waschmaschinen

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2412638A1 (fr) * 1977-12-20 1979-07-20 Asko Upo Oy Procede et dispositif pour commander le rincage dans une machine a laver
EP0030602A1 (de) * 1979-12-18 1981-06-24 Bosch-Siemens HausgerÀ¤te GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Spülen von in einer programmgesteuerten Waschmaschine gewaschener Wäsche

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1978141A3 (de) * 2007-04-06 2009-12-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Verfahren zur Ansteuerung einer Waschmaschine
US10194781B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2019-02-05 Whirlpool Corporation User interface for dishwashing cycle optimization
US10905304B2 (en) 2010-02-26 2021-02-02 Whirlpool Corporation User interface for appliance cycle optimization

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0748892B1 (de) 2001-04-04
DE69612325T3 (de) 2006-08-03
IT1276421B1 (it) 1997-10-31
ES2156254T3 (es) 2001-06-16
ITTO950511A1 (it) 1996-12-16
ITTO950511A0 (it) 1995-06-16
EP0748892B2 (de) 2005-12-14
DE69612325T2 (de) 2001-07-12
ES2156254T5 (es) 2006-06-01
DE69612325D1 (de) 2001-05-10

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