EP0745732B1 - Cantilever balcony plate element preventing cold bridging - Google Patents

Abstract

The collar plate comprises a structural body (1) made up of several longitudinally following parts (10) adjoining one another at their facing side boundary faces (32,33) and connectable together through positive or force-locking engagement. Cross ties (4) are inserted prior to assembling the parts with their centre section into through openings (34) formed like grooves by the facing boundary faces. The through openings run inclined to the horizontal to hold the centre section of the cross ties on a path inclined to the horizontal. The through openings have different cross-sectional dimensions compared to their longitudinal extension.

Description

The invention relates to a cantilever panel and / or joint element for reinforced building structures, consisting of one designed to accommodate tension and / or compression reinforcement elements Structure and shear force rods used or usable in this structure, the Shear force bars a middle section engaging in the structure and on both sides of the structure have protruding sections.

Cantilever panels in particular, but also others protruding outdoors in the area of a building enclosure Buildings form significant thermal bridges between the inside and outside temperature. in the In the area of such thermal bridges, there has been an increasing number of Use insulation elements to separate the projecting structures from the internal structures to sort of thermally separate. This means that the considerations regarding the heat or the sound transition can be solved, but with such ceiling constructions the Creation of a static unit between a ceiling construction and a cantilever Plate. As a rule, there are pins for the upper and the other side of the connection the lower reinforcement is concreted into the ceiling slab, which they then protrude sufficiently to enter the cantilever plate, e.g. a balcony slab to be able to intervene.

As such, the tensile and compressive forces can be easily transmitted. If then however, to produce appropriate thermal insulation strips from a heat and sound-insulating material is used and these structures are separated from each other, the static problem arises that special measures to transfer the lateral forces become necessary. So if the continuous transition between the two plates through the Insulation material is interrupted, the shear forces must have special reinforcement be transmitted.

Due to the sometimes complicated shape and the often curved course of the shear bars special measures required to use the shear bars in and in the building to keep. One possibility is to position the building structure accordingly To produce shear bars so that the shear bars are then cast into the structure are. However, this manufacturing option is very expensive and complex.

A cantilever plate element has also been proposed (EP-A-0 117 897), in which a Insulating body consists of an upper and a lower part, with reinforcement elements on the upper part can be inserted and pressure elements can be installed on the lower part. The top and bottom are pluggable. The tensile reinforcement elements must be finished on the underside of the upper part be installed and the same applies to the shear bars. Only then can the top with corresponding pins or the like are inserted into the lower part. So it takes from the outset a correspondingly firm connection of the train reinforcement elements in the corresponding grooves of the upper part to this overall unit from above in the To be able to insert the lower part. In addition, in such an embodiment Cantilever plate element predetermined a certain length, it being at most conceivable that cut parts to be put together, which, however, again becomes an unnecessary Material costs leads.

The present invention has for its object a cantilever and / or joint element to create the type mentioned, which in a relatively small pitch to the required Length can be produced and in which a simple mounting of the shear bars is realized.

According to the invention, this is achieved in that the structure consists of several, in the longitudinal direction successive components, which with their side facing each other Connect boundary surfaces to each other and form and / or to form the building are non-positively connected to each other, and that the shear bars with their central portion in enclosed by the facing, lateral boundary surfaces, in front of the Joining the components groove-shaped through openings can be used or used are.

Due to the successive components in the longitudinal direction, a longer one can be required Structure and thus the production of cantilever panels and / or joint elements as required respectively. Since the individual components to form the structure are positive and / or non-positive are interconnectable, nevertheless, there are stable cantilever panel elements, which also meet the toughest requirements on the construction site. Especially in connection with this consecutive arrangement of the components in the longitudinal direction is also an optimal one Possibility of inserting and holding the shear bars has been created as this namely positively and / or non-positively between two mutually facing side Boundary surfaces of such components can be used. This is also the assembly of the Shear bars optimally solved, since they can be easily inserted.

Even if two or more cantilever elements are abutting in the longitudinal direction are needed, an equally effective mounting of the shear bars is possible because in Same area between two consecutive cantilever panels Prerequisites are in place. Even in such a case, two corresponding bumps again lateral boundary surfaces of components on one another.

It is further proposed that the through openings for receiving the central portion of the Shear bars according to a course that may be oriented obliquely to the horizontal corresponding to it run obliquely to the horizontal. Since the through openings for Inclusion of the central sections of the shear bars by appropriate formation of a groove a lateral border can be produced, practically any shape or any course of the through openings can be chosen, because the shear bars across Level of the lateral boundary surfaces can be inserted.

Especially in this context, it is advantageous if that of the adjacent side Boundary surfaces of the components included through openings with respect to their Have different cross-sectional dimensions. So it's one Adaptation to the necessary mounting of the shear bars and to the necessary injection pressure possible. It makes sense if the two are close to the surface of the finished building lying areas of the through openings are smaller in cross section than the central area. This is precisely the reason why at the two end areas of the through openings, where the Cantilever bars protrude from the structure, proper alignment and optimal Bracket achieved.

So that the shear bars are held in the through openings with a corresponding force , it is proposed that the areas of the through openings have a smaller cross section are dimensioned according to the cross section of the central section of the transverse force bars or at least one area approximately adapted to the diameter of the transverse force rods square cross section is provided. For reasons of simple production, but also the because of optimal adaptation to the shear bars, it makes sense if the through openings of a groove arranged on a lateral boundary surface of a component and the flat one lateral boundary surface of the next component are included. So it's only on a corresponding lateral groove has a corresponding groove, this being the case with the Assembly of the cantilever elements is particularly advantageous. The successive components can be joined together without any problems because the shear bars to be used in each case already by pressing into the existing groove and held in place. It So all that is required is a flat end on the front of this groove in order to Shear bars just circumferentially closed by forming a circumferentially closed through opening to keep.

In this context, there is also the possibility that the area of Through opening with the larger cross section seen in the longitudinal extent of the building only extends in the direction of the groove formed in the one lateral boundary surface. So it is even with a corresponding cross-sectional expansion in different sections of the Through opening only in a lateral boundary surface a correspondingly larger Deepening or a correspondingly larger groove cross section available, since the opposite Boundary surface can also be executed in such a case. The level Boundary surface therefore bears against the inserted shear bar over the entire length, whereas for example, the transverse force rod only in the areas at the outer end regions of the groove is held with the smaller cross section.

To the successive positive and / or non-positive connection of the individual components enable, it is proposed that for the lateral boundary surfaces of the components mutual positive and / or non-positive connection coupling elements, e.g. Jetties or Tongues, grooves, pins or bores are formed. This gives the opportunity to simply assemble or put together a cantilever panel element in the desired Get length. With such an assembly, however, it is again very simple, depending on the need use appropriate shear bars between the individual components.

So that a particularly good connection of the successive components takes place, it is useful if the coupling elements with undercuts, e.g. sort of Dovetail connection are provided.

In a particular embodiment it is provided that on one side Boundary surface of each component one in the horizontal direction, i.e. across the front of each Component extending spring with dovetail undercuts and on the opposite lateral boundary surface of a corresponding cross-section Groove is formed. This is a constructively very simple, but effective mutual Connection of the successive components possible.

It is also advantageous in this context if the components are elastic in this respect deformable material are manufactured as the coupling elements provided with undercuts transversely to the course of the undercuts can be plugged together and in their positive Snap the position into place. The special choice of materials for the components means that Undercuts formed nose-like parts elastically deformable, so that the Possibility is given to see this tongue and groove connection also in the longitudinal direction of the building to be plugged together, the projecting lugs being pushed back elastically and then snap back in place. This can cause threading into Longitudinal extension of the groove or tongue can be avoided.

As a further possibility for mutual positive and / or non-positive connection of the successive components or for insertion as an additional measure, it is provided that the components have horizontal grooves near their upper and / or lower edges, being a cross-sectionally U-shaped rail as the upper and / or lower end of the structure is provided, which is formed on its two legs and directed inwards Ridges engage in the grooves on the components.

These measures according to the invention not only make the upper one mechanically particularly good and / or lower end of a cantilever and / or joint element created, but it is a special mutual hold of the successive components is achieved.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht eines Kragplattenelementes schematisch dargestellt;

Fig. 2

eine Frontansicht eines aus mehreren einzelnen Bauteilen zusammengesetzten Baukörpers für ein Kragplattenelement;

Fig. 3

einen Bauteil eines solchen Baukörpers in Schrägsicht;

Fig. 4

eine Seitenansicht eines solchen Bauteiles;

Fig. 5

einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein Kragplattenelement im Bereich der zur Aufnahme von Zug- und/oder Druck-Bewehrungselementen ausgebildeten Durchgangsöffnungen;

Fig. 6

eine gegenüber Fig. 5 vergrößerte Darstellung des Schnittes durch das Kragplattenelement;

Fig. 7

ein teilweise aufgeschnittenes Rohrstück, welches in die Durchgangsöffnungen im Kragplattenelement eingesetzt ist.

Further features according to the invention and special advantages are explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

a side view of a cantilever element shown schematically;

Fig. 2

a front view of a structure composed of several individual components for a cantilever panel element;

Fig. 3

a component of such a building in an oblique view;

Fig. 4

a side view of such a component;

Fig. 5

a vertical section through a cantilever plate element in the area of the through openings designed to accommodate tension and / or pressure reinforcement elements;

Fig. 6

an enlarged view of FIG 5 of the section through the cantilever element;

Fig. 7

a partially cut piece of pipe, which is inserted into the through openings in the cantilever plate element.

In the following description we speak of a cantilever plate element, which at reinforced building structures at the transition between a ceiling slab and a cantilevered one Plate, e.g. a balcony slab is used. However, the measures described are the same Can also be used for joint elements where it is usually a matter of between Ceiling sections bring heat and sound insulation elements. Even with such Use cases include tensile and / or pressure reinforcement elements as well Use shear bars.

In the cantilever panel element shown here, a structure 1 is provided, which consists of a heat-insulating foam or another heat-insulating or soundproofing Material is made. The structure 1 serves to accommodate tension and / or compression reinforcement elements, which can be inserted into through openings 2. In the The construction shown is used in the area of the through openings tubular body 3, which for example made of plastic. Through this tubular body 3 and those formed by them Through openings 2 can be a ceiling panel and the adjoining projecting reinforcement elements in the tensile and pressure areas be inserted. This means there are no interruptions in the reinforcement. Further are used in the cantilever element shear bars 4, which are oblique to the horizontal extending middle section 5 and each running straight on both sides of the building body 1 Have area 6, 7. These areas 6, 7 run axially parallel to the central axis 8, 9 of the Through openings 2 or the corresponding tubular body 3.

In the particular embodiment of a cantilever plate element shown here, the Structure 1 of several components 10, these components 10 in particular FIGS. 3 and 4 can be removed.

To accommodate the tubular body 3, the components 10 are each approximately in the middle Through openings 2 available. The tubular body 3 have several spaced apart arranged, circumferential ribs 17, so that the tubular body 3 is not on the entire surface Inner wall of the through openings 2 come to rest. This makes it a relatively easy one The tubular body 3 can be inserted into the through openings 2, with the ribs 17 an appropriate bracket can still be done without additional gluing or the like. In order to always allow the same position of the inserted tubular body 3, a Stop rib 18 is provided which has a larger diameter than the ribs 17 having. At the ends of the tubular body 3 projecting over the structure 1 on both sides there are one or several additional ribs 19 are provided, which result in a correspondingly good locking in the serve filled concrete. If it is also required that the inserted into the tubular body 3 Tension or compression reinforcement elements are completely enclosed with concrete, then one is required Possibility to escape excess air bubbles in the area of the tubular body 3. To this For example, one or more holes 20 can be provided for this purpose, via which the Air bubbles can escape into the annular space between two ribs 17.

In Fig. 2, the shear bars are twice full and twice at their point of exit from the Structure 1 shown cut off. It is clearly evident here that in the longitudinal extension of the Building 1 seen between two superimposed in the vertical direction Through openings 2 or corresponding tubular bodies 3, a shear bar 4 is used is.

As already stated, the structure 1 is composed of several, one on top of the other in the longitudinal direction following components 10 manufactured. The successive components 10 are with the side Boundary surfaces 32, 33 face each other and directly adjoin one another. The Shear force bars 4 are with their central section 5 in from the mutually facing, lateral boundary surfaces 32, 33 enclosed through openings used, which in front the assembly of the components are formed as a groove 11.

The groove 11 which finally forms the through opening corresponds to the course of the Middle section 5 of the transverse force rods 4 executed. So if - as usually provided - the Center section 5 of the transverse force rods 4 is oriented obliquely to the horizontal, then also runs the groove 11 at a corresponding angle. That of the neighboring ones lateral boundary surfaces 32, 33 of the components 10 including through openings 34 have different cross-sectional dimensions with respect to their longitudinal extent. The The two regions 35, 36 lying near the surface of the finished building body 1 are in cross section is made smaller than the central region 37. Therefore, the one to be inserted into the groove 11 Middle section 5 of the transverse force rod 4 is kept particularly fixed only in the areas 35 and 36, which is sufficient for proper mounting. To press or press the Middle section 5 in the groove 11, therefore, lower forces are required, and it is therefore very simply carry out a corresponding manual assembly.

The areas 35 and 36 are the cross section of the central section 5 of the transverse force rods 4 adjusted accordingly or designed so that the central section 5 alone at Push in like a corresponding fit is held in a positive and non-positive manner. In In this context, it is also possible to cover the areas 35 and 36 of the groove 11 with a to execute a square cross-section, with the dimensions of the cross-section then square area of the groove are adapted to the diameter of the shear bars.

A particularly advantageous construction variant can be seen from the drawing. Here are the Through openings 34 formed by the groove 11, which completely on a side Boundary surface 33 of a component 10 is formed. The flat lateral boundary surface 32 of the next component 10 thus only forms the end of the groove 11, thereby a in To create cross section closed through opening 34. It would be within the scope of the invention also conceivable to provide corresponding grooves on both boundary surfaces 32, 33, which in this case each have half the depth and after joining two components 10 form the complete cross section of the through opening 34. The first mentioned constructive However, variant is much easier for assembly and manufacturing reasons, because on the one hand the Form for the production of the components is simplified and on the other hand, the shear bars at the Assembly can be preassembled by inserting it into the groove 11 provided on one side can. It is therefore only necessary to push or push on the next one Component to fix the shear force rod used.

Especially in an embodiment where the groove 11 is only formed on a boundary surface 33, The region 37 of the groove 11 with the larger cross section extends only in the direction of one Component 10, so that on the opposite side acting over the entire length Support is provided by the next component.

Due to the special design with a groove for inserting the middle section 5 of Shear force rod 4 - whether this groove is half or the entire cross section of the Through opening 34 forms - there is the possibility of an adaptation to the most varied Execution of shear bars. Thus, the angle of the oblique course the groove 11, the course itself and various diameter parameters adapted to the components 10 become. In the context of the invention, it is also conceivable not only a through opening 34 and thus to provide a groove 11, but it would also be possible to have two or more Arrange through openings 34 or grooves 11, the plurality of through openings 34 or grooves 11 also in different angular positions and with different diameters or Diameter ranges could be provided. So it would also be conceivable in the area of lateral boundary surfaces 32, 33 additional recording options for tension and / or pressure reinforcement elements to create which, for example in the manner of a plug iron, already at the Assembly of the cantilever panel element could also be inserted. Through different Design options on the lateral boundary surfaces 32 and 33 would also be possible that e.g. such inserted iron and a shear force lie in one plane or else are arranged correspondingly offset from one another. With correspondingly deeper grooves 11, it is there also possible that protruding webs are formed on the opposite boundary surface which then engage in the opposite grooves on the next component 10, to reduce the cross section formed by the groove itself for the through opening 34 and pinch any reinforcement element that may have been inserted.

For simple assembly of successive components 10 to form a structure 1 and thus a finished cantilever and / or joint element can on the lateral boundary surfaces 32, 33 for mutual positive and / or non-positive connection coupling elements be formed. In the embodiment shown, springs 12 as well corresponding grooves 13 are provided. To achieve a particularly good mounting, the Tongues 12 and grooves 13 undercuts 38, 39, which e.g. sort of Dovetail connection are executed. For the specific example - see in particular Fig. 2 to 4 - is on the one lateral boundary surface 33 in the horizontal direction, that is transverse to Front 40 of the component 10 extending spring 12 with dovetail-shaped Undercuts 38 and on the opposite lateral boundary surface 32 in Cross-section correspondingly designed groove 13 with corresponding undercuts 39 educated.

The components 10 are made of an elastically deformable material, for example one expanded foam or other heat insulating material. Components from such Materials are elastically deformable within certain limits. With the components provided here goes the elastic deformability just as far as those provided with undercuts 38, 39 Coupling elements transverse to the course of these springs 12 and grooves 13 or the undercuts 38, 39 can be plugged onto one another, in which case the undercuts 38, 39 formed lugs can snap into their positive position.

Within the scope of the invention, it is entirely possible for the Components 10 instead of just a spring 12 and a groove 13 several such tongues and grooves To provide, it is also possible to both springs and on each boundary surface 32, 33 To provide grooves.

In the above description, coupling elements in the form of Tongues and grooves spoken. Within the scope of the invention it is of course also possible instead such tongues and grooves to form bolts and bores or pins or the like, wherein corresponding undercuts for mutual force and / or Form locking must be provided.

The components 10 can run horizontally near their upper and / or lower edge Have grooves 14, 15. It can then be an upper and / or lower end of the structure 1 cross-sectionally U-shaped rail 16 are provided, which on its two legs 41, 42nd has inwardly directed webs 43, 44. The rail 16 can therefore be a correspondingly stable one form the upper and / or lower end of the structure 1, the inward facing Ridges 43, 44 engage in grooves 14 and / or 15 on components 10. Within the scope of the invention it is possible to add the rail 16 in addition to those provided on the boundary surfaces 32, 33 Use coupling members or as the sole bracket between the successive Components 10.

It is also possible within the scope of the invention, both when using springs 12 and 12 Grooves 13 or pins and holes formed connections as well as when using a Rail 16 additionally apply glue to make the assembled components unsolvable connect with each other. As a rule, the mutual plug connection is sufficient, to ensure proper mounting despite the rough site conditions. There are Various design changes are also possible, but always the mutual changes positive and / or non-positive connection between the individual, forming the building Components and the corresponding holder at least the shear bars between the components in the Must be in the foreground.

Claims (12)

1. A cantilever slab and/or joint element for reinforced structures, comprising a structural member designed to accommodate tension and/or compression reinforcing elements, and also transverse force rods inserted or able to be inserted in this structural member, wherein the transverse force rods have a central portion engaging in the structural member and portions projecting on either side of the structural member, characterised in that the structural member (1) comprises a plurality of structural parts (10) which succeed one another in the longitudinal direction, which adjoin one another with their mutually facing lateral boundary surfaces (32,33) and which can be joined together in a form-locking and/or force-locking manner so as to form the structural member (1), and in that the transverse force rods (4) can be inserted or are inserted with their central portion (5) in through-openings (34) which are enclosed by the mutually facing lateral boundary surfaces (32,33) and which are formed slot-like before the joining together of the structural parts (10).
2. A cantilever slab and/or joint element according to Claim 1, characterised in that for accommodating the central portion (5) of the transverse force rods (4) in conformity with a course of said portion corresponding thereto optionally aligned obliquely to the horizontal the through-openings (34) extend obliquely to the horizontal.
3. A cantilever slab and/or joint element according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the through-openings (34) enclosed by the adjacent lateral boundary surfaces (32,33) of the structural parts (10) are of different cross-sectional dimensions in relation to the longitudinal extension thereof.
4. A cantilever slab and/or joint element according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the two regions (35,36) of the through-openings (34) situated near the surface of the finished structural member (1) are smaller in cross-section than the central region (37).
5. A cantilever slab and/or joint element according to Claim 4, characterised in that the regions (35,36) of the through-openings (34) are of smaller cross-section corresponding to the cross-section of the central portion (5) of the transverse force rods (4) or at least one portion (35,36) of approximately square cross-section is provided adapted to the diameter of the transverse force rods (4).
6. A cantilever slab and/or joint element according to any one Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the through-openings (34) are enclosed by a slot (11) disposed on a lateral boundary surface (33) of a structural part and the flat lateral boundary surface (32) of the succeeding structural part (10).
7. A cantilever slab and/or joint element according to any one Claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the region (37) of the through-opening (34) having the larger cross-section, viewed in the longitudinal extension of the structural member (1), extends only towards the slot (11) formed in the lateral boundary surface (33).
8. A cantilever slab and/or joint element according to Claim 1, characterised in that coupling elements, for example webs or tongues (12), grooves (13), pegs or bores, are formed on the lateral boundary surfaces (32,33) of the structural parts (10) for mutual form-locking and/or force-locking connection.
9. A cantilever slab and/or joint element according to Claim 8, characterised in that the coupling elements are provided with undercuts (38,39), for example in the manner of a dovetail joint.
10. A cantilever slab and/or joint element according to Claims 1 and/or 7 to 9, characterised in that on one lateral boundary surface (33) of each structural part (10) a tongue (12) having dovetail-shaped undercuts (38) is formed extending in a horizontal direction, i.e. transversely to the front side (40) of each structural part (10), and a groove (13) of corresponding cross-section is formed on the opposite lateral boundary surface (32).
11. A cantilever slab and/or joint element according to Claims 9 and 10, characterised in that the structural parts (10) are produced from a material which is elastically deformable to the extent that the coupling elements provided with undercuts (38,39) can be fitted on to one another transversely to the course of the undercuts (38,39) and engage in their form-locking position.
12. A cantilever slab and/or joint element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the structural parts (10) have horizontally extending grooves (14,15) near their upper and/or lower edge, wherein a rail (16) of U-shaped cross-section is provided as the upper and/or lower termination of the structural member (1), which rail engages with inwardly directed webs (43,44) formed on its two arms (41,42) into the grooves (14,15) in the structural parts (10).

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