EP0742545A2 - Interferenz-Lärmkontrolleanordnung - Google Patents

Interferenz-Lärmkontrolleanordnung Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0742545A2
EP0742545A2 EP96303220A EP96303220A EP0742545A2 EP 0742545 A2 EP0742545 A2 EP 0742545A2 EP 96303220 A EP96303220 A EP 96303220A EP 96303220 A EP96303220 A EP 96303220A EP 0742545 A2 EP0742545 A2 EP 0742545A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
noise
control unit
soundproof
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96303220A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0742545B1 (de
EP0742545A3 (de
Inventor
Masanori Murase
Hirokazu Kudo
Kenji Omi
Keiichiro Mizuno
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bridgestone Corp
Original Assignee
Bridgestone Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bridgestone Corp filed Critical Bridgestone Corp
Publication of EP0742545A2 publication Critical patent/EP0742545A2/de
Publication of EP0742545A3 publication Critical patent/EP0742545A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0742545B1 publication Critical patent/EP0742545B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
    • E01F8/0005—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement
    • E01F8/0041—Free-standing grates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an interference noise-control unit having formed therein a plurality of channels different in length from each other and through which a part of noises coming from sources is guided, the noise-control unit having such a geometry as to yield behind it a sound interference zone where the part of the noises coming as retarded due to passing through the channels is allowed to interfere with the remainder of the noises coming directly from the sources, whereby a highly effective noise control can be attained.
  • an interference noise-control unit having a plurality of channels different in length from each other and through which a part of the noise from the source is guided, the part of the noise coming as retarded due to passing through the channels being allowed to interfere with the noise coming directly from the source, thereby reducing the noise level as a whole.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the interference noise-control unit
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the stack of channels
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the principle of sound interference.
  • the conventional interference noise-control unit is used as secured to a existing or main soundproof wall 1 disposed apart from a noise source.
  • the soundproof wall 1 has secured on the upper portion of a side thereof opposite to the noise source a stack 100 of a plurality (only four pieces are shown by way of example) of channels 101 to 104 laid parallel to the soundproof-wall surface and also to each other.
  • the channels 101 to 104 are different in length from each other.
  • the noise-control unit further comprises a sound-insulating bottom wall 105 and sound-insulating rear wall 106.
  • the sound inlets of the channels 101 to 104 are open at a sound inlet end 200 of the stack 100, and the sound outlets are open at a sound outlet end 300.
  • a part of a noise coming from the noise source located at the side of the sound inlet end 200 is allowed to enter the plurality of channels 101 to 104 at the sound inlets opening at the sound inlet end 200.
  • the noise is refracted and thus retarded. It goes out of the sound outlet end 300.
  • This noise will be called "refraction-retarded wave”.
  • the rest of the noise arrives directly from the source without passing through the channels 101 to 104. This will be called “direct wave”.
  • direct wave There takes place a phase difference between these refraction-retarded and direct waves and so the retarded and direct waves will interfere with each other in a zone where they meet each other. In the interference zone, the noise is thus reduced as a whole because the retarded and direct waves cancel each other due to the interference between them.
  • the above-mentioned interference noise-control unit having such stack 100 utilizes the above-mentioned phenomenon of sound interference, which is evidently different from the conventional sound-absorption or sound-insulation type noise-control unit. Owing to the sound interference, this example noise-control unit can also effectively reduce the noise which is diffracted as it travels. Its effect of sound reduction goes over a wider range than could be covered by the conventional noise-control units such as sound-insulating wall, sound-absorbent wall, etc. Also it provides a effective sound reduction against a noise source which could not be fully shielded in practice. Furthermore, this noise-control unit is advantageously permeable to heat and air.
  • a plastic material such as polypropylene or rubber-like elastic material may he used to attain a further compactness and lighter weight of this noise-control unit.
  • an interference noise-control unit having a stack 100 comprising a plurality of channels 101 to 104 and which is bent as shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 3, it is secured on the upper portion of a soundproof wall 1 made of concrete or the like.
  • a "direct" wave (1) coming as diffracted over the soundproof wall 1 from a noise source is allowed to interfere with a "refraction-retarded” (2) having arrived as refracted through the channels 101 to 104 different in length, resulting in a sound reduction due to the interference/cancellation between the waves in an interference zone (3) (shown as smudged), which effectively reduces the noise as a whole.
  • the noise-control unit assures a sufficient effect of sound reduction at a sound receiving point located apart from the soundproof wall 1.
  • a part of the refraction-retarded wave (2) will come out down from a sound outlet end 300 of the stack 100 to the rear side of the stack 100 opposite to a noise source. It will go down as indicated with a arrow (4) without any sufficient interference with the direct wave (1).
  • the refraction-retarded wave (2) will cause a noise problem in the lower zone at the back of the soundproof wall 1.
  • a sound-insulating wall 106 taller than the top of the sound outlet end 300 is disposed in a position appropriately spaced from the sound outlet end 300 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the sound-insulating wall 106 thus serves to prevent the non-interfered, refracted wave (4) from going down backward and shields the space behind the bent stack 100, thereby defining with the bent stack 100 an interference space 400.
  • the sound-insulating wall 106 may be provided separately from or integrally with the bent stack 100.
  • Such conventional interference noise-control unit assures a superb effect of sound reduction and can effectively control noise even with a relatively low soundproof wall. So, it is used for practical noise control at many traffic sites such as railway, road or around various machines.
  • the aforementioned conventional interference noise-control unit cannot effectively control any noise originating from a turbulence aerodynamically caused around and along a railway vehicle running at a high speed, for example, 200 km/h, although it can accommodate a noise coming from the lower portion of a running vehicle.
  • the present invention has an object to provide an interference noise-control unit intended for use as installed on an existing or main soundproof wall disposed remote from a noise source or sources, which can effectively control both upper and lower noises.
  • a interference noise-control unit comprising, according to the present invention, a hollow soundproof compartment which is to be used as secured on the upper portion of an existing soundproof wall and has formed therein a plurality of channels different in length from each other and which extend from sound inlets opened at the front of the noise-control unit to sound outlets opened at the back of the soundproof compartment; a sound-insulating rear wall juxtaposed to the soundproof compartment, having an outlet opening formed in the upper portion thereof, and of which the upper end is located within a sound-reduction zone of the soundproof compartment; and a sound-insulating bottom wall provided as coupled between the sound-insulating rear wall and soundproof compartment; the sound inlets being positioned little by little higher in a direction away from the soundproof wall so that the ends of thereof are on a gentle ascending slope, the channels being bent toward the soundproof wall on their ways from the sound inlets to the sound outlets, and the bending angles of the channels being increased in the direction away from the soundproof wall.
  • a noise from an upper source comes to the sound inlets and also passes above the inlets.
  • the noise entering the channels at the sound inlets namely, refraction-retarded wave
  • the interference between the refraction-retarded and direct waves leads to cancellation between them, namely, a sound reduction. This is also true with the noise from a lower source.
  • FIG. 4 is a side elevation of the preferred embodiment of the interference noise-control unit according to the present invention.
  • the noise-control unit is used as installed on a existing or main soundproof wall 1 located apart from a noise source or sources. It comprises a hollow soundproof compartment 2 secured to the upper portion of a side of the soundproof wall 1 opposite to the noise source.
  • the soundproof compartment 2 has formed therein a plurality of channels 21 to 24 different in length from each other and extending from sound inlets 2A to 2D opened at the front of the soundproof compartment 2 to sound outlets 2E to 2H opened at the back of the soundproof compartment 2.
  • the channels 21 to 24 are defined by partitions 25 to 28 within the soundproof compartment 2. As will be apparent from FIG. 4, these channels 21 to 24 are bent toward the soundproof wall 1 on their respective ways from the sound inlets 2A to 2D to the sound outlets 2E to 2H.
  • the noise-control unit comprises a sound-insulating rear wall 3 of which the upper end is located within the sound interference zone, and a bottom wall 4 contiguous from the sound-insulating rear wall 3 and laid between the rear 3 and soundproof wall 1. Both the sound-insulating rear wall 3 and bottom wall 4 are located at the side of the soundproof wall 1 opposite to the noise source and apart from the soundproof wall 1.
  • the sound-insulating rear wall 3 and bottom wall 4 are formed integrally with the soundproof compartment 2. There is defined an inner space 400 between the soundproof compartment 2 and the rear and bottom walls 3 and 4 as in the conventional interference noise-control unit having been described in the foregoing.
  • the sound-insulating rear wall 3 has an outlet opening 5 formed at the top thereof.
  • the soundproof compartment 2 is opened at the bottom thereof while the sound-insulating wall 3 and bottom wall 4 extend along the length of the soundproof compartment 2, that is, the noise-control unit is open at the opposite lateral sides of the walls 3 and 4.
  • the thus formed line of soundproof units is to be closed at both lateral sides thereof with side walls, respectively. It should be noted that each of such moldings may be closed at the lateral side thereof.
  • the hollow soundproof compartment 2 has a sound absorbent 6 attached at a side thereof facing the noise source, and another sound absorbent 7 attached on the inner faces of the sound-insulating wall 3 and bottom wall 4.
  • These sound absorbents 6 and 7 should preferably be made of a lightweight mortar obtainable from a mixture of a porous synthetic resin and/or inorganic porous material, foaming agent, cement and water.
  • the porosity of such sound absorbent should preferably be 40 to 80 %.
  • a cement in 100 parts by weight and semi-rigid urethane chips of less than 2 mm in diameter in 7.5 parts by weight for example, agitating for 1 minute, then adding a foaming agent in 30 parts by weight and water in 45 parts by weight to the agitated mixture, and then uniformly mixing for about 20 minutes, a lightweight mortar of 56% in porosity containing foamed urethane chips can be prepared as a suitable sound absorbent for the intended use.
  • the porosity can be controlled by adjusting the volume of foaming agent and length of mixing time.
  • the foamed urethane chips may be soft urethane, rigid urethane or semi-rigid urethane chipped using a crusher or the like.
  • the foaming agent should preferably be an anionic or cationic synthetic surface-active agent, hydrolysis-protein foaming agent or resin soap foaming agent.
  • the sound absorbents 6 and 7 may be made of a formed aggregate of fibers.
  • the formed fiber aggregate should preferably contain mainly short fibers of less than 30 deniers in diameter and have a mean apparent density is 0.04 to 0.15 g/cm 3 .
  • Use of short fibers of less than 30 deniers in diameter and an apparent density of aggregate within the predetermined range allows an increased impermeability of the formed fiber aggregate, which provides an improved sound absorption. If an fiber aggregate is made of fibers of more than 30 deniers, it will have a lower packaging density of the fibers therein and thus a lower impermeability. Therefore, the aggregate will have a poor capability of absorbing sound.
  • the short fiber may be selected from among synthetic fibers such as polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, Nylon, Vinylon, etc. and natural fibers such as wool, cotton, hemp, etc.
  • short fibers obtained by splitting a cloth made of anyone of the above-mentioned fibers may be used for this purpose.
  • a great effect of sound insulation and absorption can be attained either by a formed aggregate made from the above-mentioned short fibers and having mixed in more than 10% by weight therein fibers produced from bitumious or similar material by melt spinning or other appropriate technique or by a fiber aggregate made only of the bituminous fibers.
  • the similar material to bituminous should be a one modified in brittleness and temperature dependence by mixing a resin or thermoplastic elastomer and containing bituminous in more than 30% by weight.
  • the formed aggregate of such fibers made from bituminous or similar material can effectively insulate and absorb sound because the damping property of the bituminous is imparted to the fiber aggregate and enhances the sound insulation and absorption of the latter.
  • the formed fiber aggregate may be produced by placing in a mold an aggregate of short fibers containing a binder and preformed flat and then subjecting it to a hot compression molding.
  • FIG. 5 is a view, from the soundproof wall 1 in FIG. 4, of the noise-control unit according to the present invention, showing the hollow soundproof compartment 2, sound-insulating rear wall 3 and sound-insulating bottom wall 4.
  • a side wall 8 is provided on one side of the interference noise-control unit, and such noise-control units are to be used as coupled side by side in line.
  • FIG. 6 schematically illustrates the plurality of channels 21 to 24.
  • the partitions 25 to 28 are bent on their ways from the sound inlets 2A to 2D toward the sound outlets 2E to 2H and have the straight portions thereof inclined 36° with respect to the vertical line.
  • the sound inlets 2A to 2D are little by little higher in a direction away from the soundproof wall 1.
  • a line "X" connecting the inlet ends of the partitions 25 to 28 is on a gentle ascending slope in that direction.
  • the line X and horizontal line form together an angle ⁇ ranging from 8° to 20°.
  • the bending angles ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 of the channels 21 to 24 are increased in a direction away from the soundproof wall 1.
  • the channel 21 is the shortest while the channel 24 is the longest.
  • FIG. 7 explains the control of a noise from an upper source.
  • a part of the noise from the upper source enters the noise-control unit at each of the sound inlets 2A to 2D, and goes as refracted and thus retarded out of the outlet opening 5 as indicated with a hatched arrow.
  • the remainder of the noise from the upper source comes as direct wave and passes above the noise-control unit as indicated with a blank arrow.
  • These direct and refraction-retarded waves mix together above the outlet opening 5, namely, they cancel each other through interference between them. An effective sound reduction is thus attainable.
  • FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a zone of sound reduction against noises from upper and lower sources.
  • a running railway vehicle will develop an upper noise source (aerodynamic noise) and lower noise source (rolling noise).
  • the soundproof compartment 2, sound-insulating rear wall 3 and bottom wall 4 are provided on the upper portion of a side of the soundproof wall 1 opposite to the noise sources.
  • FIG. 9 schematically shows an experimental measurement of the effect of sound reduction of the noise-control unit according to the present invention.
  • the noise-control unit is installed on the soundproof wall 1 and speakers are located at possible upper and lower noise sources, respectively, to generate sounds of the frequencies as specified in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
  • an anechoic-chamber assess point is set in relation to the location of the noise-control unit. In this configuration, sounds are generated from the respective speakers and measured at the assess point.
  • sound reduction by the soundproof wall 1 is also measured without the noise-control unit according to the present invention. In comparison with the sound reduction attained only by the soundproof wall 1, it is determined how much the noise-control unit according to the present invention can control the noises.
  • Tables 1 and 2 the measurements of sound reduction obtained without the sound absorbents 6 and 7 shown In FIG. 4 are shown in the column A while those obtained using the sound absorbents 6 and 7 are shown in the column B (in decibels).
  • the sound absorbents used in this experiment is a formed aggregate made of fibrous material.
  • Table 1 shows the results of sound reduction measurement with respect the upper noise source, while Table 2 shows those with respect the lower noise source.
  • FIG. 10 shows the comparison in effect of noise control between the conventional noise-control unit shown in FIG. 1 and the noise-control unit according to the present invention.
  • Table 3 shows the measurements of sound reduction by only the soundproof wall 1 with respect to the upper noise source, while Table 4 shows those with respect to the lower noise source.
  • the measurements of the sound reduction by the conventional unit are shown in the column C of these Tables while those by the unit according to the present invention are shown in the column D.
  • the channels 21 to 24 are bent at angles ⁇ 1 of about 100°, ⁇ 2 of about 120°, ⁇ 3 of about 140° and ⁇ 4 , of about 150°, respectively. In this embodiment, four channels 21 to 24 are provided, but more than five channels or two to three channels may be provided in practice.
  • the noise-control unit shown in FIG. 5 can be integrally molded from a synthetic resin such as polypropylene, etc. It should be noted, however, that the soundproof compartment 2, sound-insulating rear wall 3 and bottom wall 4 may be separately.
  • the noise-control unit according to the present invention has the sound inlets positioned little by little higher in a direction away from the soundproof wall so that the ends thereof are on a gentle ascending slope, and the channels bent toward the soundproof wall on their ways from the sound inlets to the sound outlets, the bending angles of the channels being increased in the direction away from the soundproof wall. Therefore, the noise-control unit according to the present invention can effectively control the noises from the upper and lower sources without the necessity of increasing the height of the soundproof wall.
  • the noise-control unit according to the present invention is highly effective especially against a noise from an upper source such as aerodynamic sound.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
EP96303220A 1995-05-09 1996-05-08 Interferenz-Lärmkontrolleanordnung Expired - Lifetime EP0742545B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP13586595 1995-05-09
JP13586595A JP3583509B2 (ja) 1995-05-09 1995-05-09 干渉型防音装置
JP135865/95 1995-05-09

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0742545A2 true EP0742545A2 (de) 1996-11-13
EP0742545A3 EP0742545A3 (de) 1997-07-16
EP0742545B1 EP0742545B1 (de) 2002-01-23

Family

ID=15161580

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96303220A Expired - Lifetime EP0742545B1 (de) 1995-05-09 1996-05-08 Interferenz-Lärmkontrolleanordnung

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0742545B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3583509B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69618709T2 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999043891A1 (en) * 1998-02-24 1999-09-02 Lars Nordin A noise-attenuating device
CN105755973A (zh) * 2016-04-28 2016-07-13 中国铁道科学研究院 一种铁路站台用干涉消声构件
JP2019044573A (ja) * 2017-08-29 2019-03-22 株式会社神戸製鋼所 防音壁
EP3664077A1 (de) * 2018-12-06 2020-06-10 Wavebreaker AB Störgeräuschsteuereinheit

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6474767B2 (ja) * 2015-12-22 2019-02-27 株式会社栗本鐵工所 防音壁用防音装置
CN105803962A (zh) * 2016-03-23 2016-07-27 江苏金阳交通工程有限公司 一种斜轴式消音器

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4069768A (en) * 1975-05-28 1978-01-24 Bridgestone Tire Company Limited Device for controlling a propagation direction of noise
US4158401A (en) * 1975-07-11 1979-06-19 Bridgestone Tire Company Limited Device for controlling a propagation direction of noise
JPS55113098A (en) * 1979-02-26 1980-09-01 Bridgestone Tire Co Ltd Noise reducing device
JPS5842324B2 (ja) * 1981-01-09 1983-09-19 日本国有鉄道 騒音制御装置
JPH04140306A (ja) * 1990-10-01 1992-05-14 Bridgestone Corp 干渉型防音装置

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999043891A1 (en) * 1998-02-24 1999-09-02 Lars Nordin A noise-attenuating device
CN105755973A (zh) * 2016-04-28 2016-07-13 中国铁道科学研究院 一种铁路站台用干涉消声构件
CN105755973B (zh) * 2016-04-28 2018-06-29 中国铁道科学研究院 一种铁路站台用干涉消声构件
JP2019044573A (ja) * 2017-08-29 2019-03-22 株式会社神戸製鋼所 防音壁
EP3664077A1 (de) * 2018-12-06 2020-06-10 Wavebreaker AB Störgeräuschsteuereinheit
WO2020115004A1 (en) * 2018-12-06 2020-06-11 Wavebreaker Ab Interference noise-control unit
CN113287164A (zh) * 2018-12-06 2021-08-20 卫福布瑞克公司 干扰噪声控制单元
US12325966B2 (en) 2018-12-06 2025-06-10 Wavebreaker Ab Interference noise-control unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69618709D1 (de) 2002-03-14
JPH08305373A (ja) 1996-11-22
DE69618709T2 (de) 2002-08-14
JP3583509B2 (ja) 2004-11-04
EP0742545B1 (de) 2002-01-23
EP0742545A3 (de) 1997-07-16

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