EP0742038A2 - Filtre pour installation de chauffage - Google Patents

Filtre pour installation de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0742038A2
EP0742038A2 EP96106243A EP96106243A EP0742038A2 EP 0742038 A2 EP0742038 A2 EP 0742038A2 EP 96106243 A EP96106243 A EP 96106243A EP 96106243 A EP96106243 A EP 96106243A EP 0742038 A2 EP0742038 A2 EP 0742038A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brush
fibers
housing
shaft
particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96106243A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0742038A3 (fr
EP0742038B1 (fr
Inventor
Hansjörg Schuler
Ralf Dr. Söcknick
Torsten Schuler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Judo Wasseraufbereitung GmbH
Original Assignee
Judo Wasseraufbereitung GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Judo Wasseraufbereitung GmbH filed Critical Judo Wasseraufbereitung GmbH
Publication of EP0742038A2 publication Critical patent/EP0742038A2/fr
Publication of EP0742038A3 publication Critical patent/EP0742038A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0742038B1 publication Critical patent/EP0742038B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/0092—Devices for preventing or removing corrosion, slime or scale

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for removing suspended corrosion products and other particulate contaminants in the order of magnitude down to particles with a diameter of less than 10 microns from heating water circuits with a housing and a filter insert.
  • Such a device is known for example from DE-U-93 06 206.
  • Filters for the heating water circuit have been known for a long time, but the devices on the market only allow coarse filtration using sieve fabrics with a mesh size of approx. 500 ⁇ m (see, for example, the company brochure "Köpp filter technology: heating water protection filter”) or the removal of magnetizable particles, e.g. . B. Magnetite (see company brochure "Köpp-Filtertechnik: ZV-Magnetfilter”).
  • the majority of the particles formed in a heating water circuit or a similar system cannot be magnetized and is about 2 to 3 orders of magnitude smaller than the above-mentioned sieve mesh size of 500 ⁇ m.
  • the currently known filters are therefore only used to separate large or magnetizable particles.
  • the particles that form in the system are often so fine-grained that a maximum sieve mesh of 10 ⁇ m would be required to filter them out.
  • These fine-grained particles are deposited as so-called rust slurries, particularly in areas with a low flow rate.
  • they also lead to faults on valves, heat measuring devices or in underfloor heating pipes made of plastic.
  • Sieve filtration of such particles with mesh sizes smaller than or equal to 10 ⁇ m is generally not possible due to the high flow resistance of such fine sieves, because in such heating water circuits (or comparable liquid circulation systems) mostly circulation pumps are used that do not allow a high pressure loss.
  • the object of the present invention is to present a device of the type mentioned at the outset with which even fine and very fine particles can be removed from a heating water circuit without the circuit pump being excessively loaded.
  • a brush is provided as the filter insert, which has a shaft from which fibers or fiber bundles project in the radial direction, the distance between the individual fibers or Fiber bundles in the circumferential direction around the shaft and / or in the axial direction along the shaft is at least so large that even with a completely occupied fiber surface or after the undesirable formation of a filter cake, a sufficiently large free cross section remains in the housing for the water flowing through in order to to prevent the occurrence of a significant pressure loss in the device and / or that the outer diameter of the brush is smaller than the corresponding inner diameter of the housing at this point, so that a space not filled with fibers is created between the housing inner wall and the brush, and that wiping elements te are provided within the housing, the purpose of cleaning the Brush a relative movement between the fibers or fiber bundles and the stripping elements can be effected.
  • DE 42 36 688 A1 discloses a device for cleaning a liquid with an axially flowing round brush as a filter element.
  • the round brush used in the known device can be cleaned by causing it to rotate about its longitudinal axis.
  • this is a device for separating a viscous liquid, in particular an abrasive oil or a cooling emulsion from solid particles, such as abrasion or metal particles, which have arisen during the machining of metal elements - that is to say quite large particles.
  • the filter insert designed as a brush must be removed from the liquid path, that is to say from the flowed-through housing, after the separation process, before it is set into the rotational movement and cleaned, the cleaning being carried out mainly by centrifugal forces and the cleaning room itself - in contrast to the flow housing - has a larger diameter than the filter insert.
  • the diameter of the brush itself should be larger than the inside diameter of the flow housing in the known device. This is to avoid lateral leakage currents and thus to realize a sieve filtration, even if it is three-dimensional.
  • the device for cleaning a liquid known from DE 42 36 688 A1 thus represents an absolute filter in the form of a depth filter, while the device according to the invention is an adhesive filter.
  • the device according to the invention in contrast to the device according to DE 42 36 688 A1, is used in largely closed heating water circuits, it is also not necessary that all particles are completely removed in a single pass through the device.
  • the circulating heating water flows through the device according to the invention again and again. In this way, a portion of the particles are adhesively deposited on the surface of the brush fibers with each pass.
  • the brush fibers are coated with particles, an equilibrium is formed between the separated particles and those which become detached due to increasing flow velocities in the slowly increasing free cross-sectional areas. As the fiber occupancy increases, the retention rate approaches zero, but the pressure loss does not increase appreciably. The latter is particularly important in heating systems, since an increasing pressure loss in the heating water circuit due to the throttling of the circulating volume flow would lead to a failure of the heating system.
  • US Pat. No. 1,640,198 describes a fuel filter which, in contrast to the adhesive filter according to the invention, also clearly represents an absolute filter with a depth filtration effect.
  • the undesirable particles from the fuel must in any case be removed as completely as possible in the first filter pass, while, as already discussed above, any number of passes of the heating water can be carried out in the circuit in the device according to the invention, so that it occurs in the filter according to the invention is sufficient if the liquid to be treated only flows past the fibers of the brush and the impurities are gradually filtered out in sufficient quantities due to the adhesive effect of the brush filter.
  • the filtration effect of the filter according to the invention is essentially independent of the load. This is a particularly important advantage, especially for heating water circuits, because there is generally no significant pump capacity available to overcome larger pressure differences due to flow obstacles.
  • an insertable filter element which is to be used as a protective filter against liquid pumps.
  • the known filter element has a perforated plate upstream of the pump to be protected, which perforated plate is to take over the actual filter function.
  • the perforated plate is connected upstream in terms of flow, a brush filter which is used in the manner of a sieve for catching large parts (floating bodies).
  • the known filter element is therefore not suitable for filtering out fine particles from a liquid stream.
  • the known filter element is technically unusable without the use of the perforated plate mentioned, so that the brush insert does not represent an actual filter element in the known device, but only a prefilter.
  • the brush insert cannot be cleaned inside the filter housing and the cleaned filtrate can be backwashed. Rather, the brush insert in the known filter element only serves to extend the service life of the perforated plate acting as a screen filter.
  • a device for introducing rinsing liquid into the housing during or after the brush is cleaned, the cleaned dirt being able to be rinsed out of the device through a sewage connection provided with a valve.
  • a round brush is used as the filter insert.
  • the round brush is preferably subjected to an axial flow, but in certain embodiments it can also be flowed transversely to the axis of its shaft.
  • the round brush can have a uniform fiber or fiber bundle occupation density.
  • the fibers or fiber bundles are arranged in a spiral around the shaft of the brush, so that there is enough free flow space for the liquid to be cleaned in the also spiral spaces, so that there is no significant drop in pressure of the flowing liquid through the use of the brush.
  • brush areas with and without fiber or fiber bundle trimmings alternate along the shaft of the brush. This measure also considerably reduces the flow resistance of the brush, so that an impermissibly large drop in pressure of the flowing liquid is reliably prevented.
  • axially short round brushes are lined up on a common axis or shaft and z. B. separated by spacers. These round brushes with a short shaft are easier and therefore cheaper to manufacture.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that the fibers of the brush used have such a low bending stiffness that they at least partially avoid the flow, i.e. are bent in the direction of flow, when the particles are increasingly occupied due to the increasing flow resistance, and are therefore always bent a free flow cross section is maintained.
  • the device should be backwashed regularly, ie the brush should be freed of the adhering particles and thus cleaned.
  • This can be achieved according to the invention in a particularly simple manner in that the fibers of the brush counteract those engaging in the brush Scraper elements are moved, whereby the individual fibers against each other and against the liquid filling the device are moved and shaken (accelerated) and so the adhesive forces between particles and fibers are canceled. The resulting concentrated suspension can then be rinsed out of the device. The device according to the invention is then ready for use again.
  • the brush is rotatably mounted about the longitudinal axis of its shaft and the stripping elements are fixed on the inner wall of the housing and protrude into the interior of the housing.
  • the brush in addition or as an alternative to this, in a further preferred embodiment can be mounted in such a way that it can be displaced with an actuating device in the direction of the longitudinal axis of its shaft.
  • an actuating device in the direction of the longitudinal axis of its shaft.
  • valves are provided for backwashing the device, wherein the backwash valves can also be actuated with the actuating device for the axial displacement of the brush, so that the device can be made particularly compact.
  • the brush is rigidly mounted in the housing, while the stripping elements can be moved around the brush in the circumferential direction.
  • the relative movement between the brush and the stripping elements required for cleaning can also be brought about in this way.
  • a shut-off valve is provided with which the device can be separated from the heating water circuit during the cleaning process in such a way that no rinsing liquid penetrates into the heating water circuit.
  • a shaft executes a combined rotational and axial movement by turning a handwheel, whereby an inlet valve is first closed before the brush, which has the same axis of rotation as the shaft, engages in a latching mechanism engages and is rotated by the shaft about its longitudinal axis.
  • the valve to the sewer is opened.
  • the handwheel is turned back in the opposite direction to its starting position.
  • the sewage valve is first closed again.
  • the inlet valve is opened again and the heating circuit water can circulate through the filter again.
  • a vent valve is provided, to which smaller gas bubbles can accumulate on the fibers of the brush and agglomerate into larger bubbles there, rise. Due to the degassing of the heating water within the device according to the invention, venting in the radiators is correspondingly much less necessary.
  • the scope of the present invention also includes a method for removing corrosion products and other particulate contaminants from heating water circuits by means of a device of the type described above, which is characterized in that particles to be separated adhere to the brush fiber surfaces without the free flow cross section within the Significantly reduce brush space, and that to clean the particle-laden brush iw are moved at right angles and relative to the stripping elements engaging in the brush, whereby the ends of the brush fibers or fiber bundles brush over the stripping elements and the fibers are bent backwards against the relative direction of movement until they slip past the obstacle which represents the stripping elements , whereupon the fibers, due to their inherent elasticity, move forward, rub against each other, are shaken, and are moved against the liquid surrounding them, thereby breaking the adhesive bond between fibers and dirt particles.
  • the particle suspension formed when the fiber or fiber bundles are moved against the stripping elements is flushed out of the area of the brush or the housing by rinsing liquid.
  • FIG. 1 A preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention for removing particulate contamination from heating water circuits is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the circulating liquid to be cleaned, in particular Heating water the device 1 via a line 2 and a valve 3 is supplied.
  • the liquid flows parallel to a shaft 4, to which the fibers or fiber bundles 6 of a brush 5 are fastened and at least predominantly through the brush 5, with at least some of the particulate impurities of the fibers 5 or fiber bundles 6 of the brush 5 Liquid adheres.
  • the at least partially freed of particles leaves the device 1 via a channel 7 and flows back into the circuit line 2 via a valve 8.
  • the brush 5 has a diameter of approximately 100 mm.
  • the inside diameter of the device 1 is slightly larger in the area of the brush 5.
  • the circuit line on the other hand, only has a diameter in the range from 3/4 "to 2".
  • the liquid continues to flow through an annular gap 11 between the brush 5 and the inner wall of the housing 12 of the device 1 and / or between the distances 13 of FIG individual fibers or fiber bundles 6.
  • the device 1 should be backwashed and / or the brush 5 cleaned.
  • the valves 3 and 8 are first closed so that no cleaned particles can be washed back into the circulatory system. Then the shaft 4 of the brush 5 is rotated with a handwheel 14. The ends of the brush fibers or fiber bundles 6 graze over stripping elements 15.
  • the fibers 6 are bent backwards against the direction of rotation of the brush 5 until they can slide past the “obstacle” represented by the stripping elements 15, whereupon the fibers 6 due to their inherent elasticity, they advance forward, rub against each other, are shaken and are moved against the liquid in the device 1. This removes the adhesive forces between the fibers and the particles and suspends the particles in the liquid.
  • the resulting dirt particle suspension must now be rinsed out of the device 1 and the brush 5.
  • a valve 16 is opened and a connection z. B. to a drinking or process water pipe. If you now open a further valve 18, the device 1 and the brush 5 are flowed through by rinsing water and the cleaned particles enter the rinsing water into a sewer 19. Under certain circumstances, it is advisable to turn the brush 5 further in order to to achieve even better cleaning of the brush fibers 6.
  • valve 3 is replaced by a check valve or is omitted entirely, as is the connection 17, 16 to an external water network.
  • the device 1 or the brush 5 is flowed through by the circulating water and rinsed when the valve 8 is closed and the valve 18 has been opened.
  • an appropriate storage device e.g. B. a larger expansion vessel or a pressure wind boiler can be integrated in the heating water circuit.
  • the brush 5 is rigidly mounted and the stripping elements 15 can be moved in the circumferential direction over the brush surface.
  • the brush fibers 6 used have a bending stiffness which is so low that they become at least partially bent in the direction of flow when particles are loaded due to the increasing flow resistance and thus obtain a free flow cross section.
  • FIG. 2 A very particularly advantageous embodiment is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the liquid to be cleaned and circulated, in particular heating water, becomes the device 1 'supplied via line 2'.
  • the liquid flows parallel to the shaft 4 ', on which a plurality of brushes 5' are fastened and at least predominantly through the brushes 5 ', with at least some of the particulate contamination of the liquid being present on the fibers or fiber bundles 6' of the brushes 5 ' attach adhesively.
  • the liquid largely freed from particles leaves the device 1 'via the valve 8' and returns to the circuit line 2 'via the channel 7'.
  • the device 1 ' should be backwashed or the brushes 5' cleaned at the latest when a state is reached in which the fibers 6 'are occupied to a maximum by filtered out particles and the accumulation and detachment processes of particles are in equilibrium.
  • a lever 20 is moved upward, as a result of which the shaft 4 'is pressed downward and the valve 8' closes with a sealing plate 21 which is supported against a spring 22. This means that no cleaned particles can be washed back into the circulatory system.
  • Example 1 Another particularly advantageous embodiment is the combination of Example 1 with Example 5 in that the brushes 5 and 5 'are cleaned by rotating the respective brush about its longitudinal axis (see Example 1) and the valve actuation by a Movement of the shaft 4 in its longitudinal direction (see example 5).
  • the stem 4 is moved downward until the valve plate 21 closes the valve 8 or 8 '. Then the brush is turned around the shaft with a handwheel. Once the brush fibers have been cleaned, the shaft is pressed further down against the force of the spring 22 until the valve 18 or 18 'opens and circulating water rinses the particles suspended by the cleaning out of the device.
  • a round brush with a uniform fiber or fiber bundle occupation density is used.
  • a brush trim is also advantageous, in which the fibers or fiber bundles wind spirally around the brush shaft or alternating brush areas with and without fiber or fiber bundle trim are provided along the brush shaft.
  • a very particularly advantageous embodiment uses several short round brushes, which are lined up on a common axis or shaft and z. B. are separated by spacers.
  • FIGS. 3a to 3c A very particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 3a to 3c.
  • the device 1 is integrated into the heating water circuit in such a way that the water to be filtered flows into the device via the inlet 102a and reaches the brush chamber 132 via the channel 131 and the valve 103 (FIG. 3a).
  • the disc-shaped brushes 105a, 105b, 105c arranged one above the other on the central shaft 104 are each flowed through from bottom to top.
  • the filtered water collects in the collecting space 133 and flows back into the heating water circuit via the outlet 102b.
  • the handwheel 114 is rotated counterclockwise in the example shown, as a result of which the shaft 104 is set in rotation and at the same time is moved upward via the screw thread 134 (FIG. 3b).
  • the inlet channel 131 is initially closed with the aid of the valve 103; then a catch 135 engages in a recess 136, whereby the brushes 105a-c are also set in rotation.
  • the brush fibers are wiped off at the wipers 115, as a result of which the dirt particles separate from the individual fibers of the brush.
  • valve 118 is opened toward the waste water outlet 137 (FIG. 3c) and the heating circuit water flows through the line 102b and the space 133 against the normal direction of filtration Brushes 105a-c and flushes the detached dirt through the valve 118 into the sewer.
  • the dirt can be removed with approx. 1 - 5 l of rinsing water and backwashing is finished.
  • the brushes 105a-c no longer rotate with them, since the driving mechanism 135, 136 only works counterclockwise in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • valve 118 is closed again and then inlet valve 103 is opened.
  • the filter is backwashed, re-integrated in the circuit and ready to work.
  • the filter is provided with an insulation 130. It also has a connection option 110a for a ventilation device (not shown).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
  • Brushes (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
EP96106243A 1995-05-06 1996-04-20 Filtre pour installation de chauffage Expired - Lifetime EP0742038B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19516724A DE19516724C2 (de) 1995-05-06 1995-05-06 Heizungsfilter
DE19516724 1995-05-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0742038A2 true EP0742038A2 (fr) 1996-11-13
EP0742038A3 EP0742038A3 (fr) 1997-04-16
EP0742038B1 EP0742038B1 (fr) 2000-08-30

Family

ID=7761283

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96106243A Expired - Lifetime EP0742038B1 (fr) 1995-05-06 1996-04-20 Filtre pour installation de chauffage

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0742038B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE195887T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19516724C2 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0845286A2 (fr) * 1996-11-28 1998-06-03 Ryubi Co., Ltd. Dispositif de filtration et de purification d'eau usée pour la pisciculture
DE202009000084U1 (de) 2009-02-04 2010-06-24 Hans Sasserath & Co Kg Heizungsfilter
DE102013108037A1 (de) 2013-04-11 2014-10-16 Hans Sasserath Gmbh & Co. Kg Heizungsfilter
DE202017104410U1 (de) 2017-07-24 2018-10-25 Hans Sasserath Gmbh & Co. Kg Heizungsfilter-Anordnung
DE202017104526U1 (de) 2017-07-28 2018-10-30 Hans Sasserath Gmbh & Co Kg Heizungsfilter-Anordnung
CN116446128A (zh) * 2023-06-20 2023-07-18 苏州维凯医用器材科技有限公司 一种纤维制品加工设备及其工艺
CN116550034A (zh) * 2023-07-11 2023-08-08 中节能润达(烟台)环保股份有限公司 一种生活垃圾污水处理设备

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10007922A1 (de) * 2000-02-21 2001-08-23 Wilo Gmbh Filter- und Entleerungsvorrichtung
GB2437605B (en) * 2006-08-21 2011-12-14 Christopher Sheppard System for introducing an additive into a water conduit
GB201200847D0 (en) * 2012-01-19 2012-02-29 Sentinel Performance Solutions Ltd Filter aid

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1640198A (en) * 1923-11-14 1927-08-23 Jean M Lobit Filter
DE1963821U (de) * 1967-01-27 1967-07-13 Reinhold Froembgen G M B H Einsetzbares filterelement.
DE4236688A1 (en) * 1991-11-02 1993-05-06 Allweiler Ag, 7760 Radolfzell, De Process and assembly to clean fluid - esp. viscous fluids associated with metal-working operations
DE9306206U1 (fr) * 1993-04-23 1993-07-08 Ehrbar, Manfred, Dipl.-Ing. (Fh), 8039 Puchheim, De

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1640198A (en) * 1923-11-14 1927-08-23 Jean M Lobit Filter
DE1963821U (de) * 1967-01-27 1967-07-13 Reinhold Froembgen G M B H Einsetzbares filterelement.
DE4236688A1 (en) * 1991-11-02 1993-05-06 Allweiler Ag, 7760 Radolfzell, De Process and assembly to clean fluid - esp. viscous fluids associated with metal-working operations
DE9306206U1 (fr) * 1993-04-23 1993-07-08 Ehrbar, Manfred, Dipl.-Ing. (Fh), 8039 Puchheim, De

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0845286A2 (fr) * 1996-11-28 1998-06-03 Ryubi Co., Ltd. Dispositif de filtration et de purification d'eau usée pour la pisciculture
EP0845286A3 (fr) * 1996-11-28 2000-01-26 Ryubi Co., Ltd. Dispositif de filtration et de purification d'eau usée pour la pisciculture
US6123841A (en) * 1996-11-28 2000-09-26 Ryubi Company Ltd. Waste-water filtration and purification device for fish cultivation
DE202009000084U1 (de) 2009-02-04 2010-06-24 Hans Sasserath & Co Kg Heizungsfilter
DE102013108037A1 (de) 2013-04-11 2014-10-16 Hans Sasserath Gmbh & Co. Kg Heizungsfilter
EP2808070A1 (fr) 2013-04-11 2014-12-03 Hans Sasserath & Co Kg Filtre de chauffage
DE202017104410U1 (de) 2017-07-24 2018-10-25 Hans Sasserath Gmbh & Co. Kg Heizungsfilter-Anordnung
DE202017104526U1 (de) 2017-07-28 2018-10-30 Hans Sasserath Gmbh & Co Kg Heizungsfilter-Anordnung
CN116446128A (zh) * 2023-06-20 2023-07-18 苏州维凯医用器材科技有限公司 一种纤维制品加工设备及其工艺
CN116446128B (zh) * 2023-06-20 2023-09-05 苏州维凯医用器材科技有限公司 一种纤维制品加工设备及其工艺
CN116550034A (zh) * 2023-07-11 2023-08-08 中节能润达(烟台)环保股份有限公司 一种生活垃圾污水处理设备
CN116550034B (zh) * 2023-07-11 2023-09-19 中节能润达(烟台)环保股份有限公司 一种生活垃圾污水处理设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19516724C2 (de) 2000-07-06
DE19516724A1 (de) 1996-11-07
ATE195887T1 (de) 2000-09-15
EP0742038A3 (fr) 1997-04-16
EP0742038B1 (fr) 2000-08-30
DE59605810D1 (de) 2000-10-05

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