EP0741991B1 - Regenerierungsvorrichtung für eine Geschirrspülmaschine mit Wasserenthärtungseinrichtung - Google Patents

Regenerierungsvorrichtung für eine Geschirrspülmaschine mit Wasserenthärtungseinrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0741991B1
EP0741991B1 EP96107251A EP96107251A EP0741991B1 EP 0741991 B1 EP0741991 B1 EP 0741991B1 EP 96107251 A EP96107251 A EP 96107251A EP 96107251 A EP96107251 A EP 96107251A EP 0741991 B1 EP0741991 B1 EP 0741991B1
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Prior art keywords
water
salt
regeneration
resins
volume
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French (fr)
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EP0741991A1 (de
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Valerio Aisa
Luigi Alluto
Gaetano Olivieri
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Wrap SpA
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Wrap SpA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/4229—Water softening arrangements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2401/00—Automatic detection in controlling methods of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, e.g. information provided by sensors entered into controlling devices
    • A47L2401/11—Water hardness, acidity or basicity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2501/00—Output in controlling method of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, i.e. quantities or components controlled, or actions performed by the controlling device executing the controlling method
    • A47L2501/18—Water softening devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an arrangement for the regeneration of the water softening resins in a washing machine, as per the preamble of Claim 1, and to a regeneration control method of the resins in a water softening system, as per the preamble of Claim 9.
  • washing machines specifically household dishwashers, to incorporate a softening system, i.e. to dampen the degree of water hardness.
  • washing water from the mains is flown through a resin compartment to reduce its calcium contents that would inhibit the action of the washing agents and cause calcareous deposits.
  • the softening systems provide a tank connected with the resin compartment containing the brine obtained with a solution of water and kitchen salt.
  • This tank must be filled at regular intervals, due to the consumption during the resin regenerating processes.
  • Decalcifier devices of the above type and their regenerating method are already known as such, so their detailed description is not required in this context On principle, it will be enough to mention here that the higher the water hardness the faster the resins become exhausted As a result, the quantity of salt consumed to regenerate the resins will also be higher.
  • resins regeneration is done starting from a fixed volume of water introduced in the salt compartment for each wash cycle, so that a corresponding volume of brine may strike the resins.
  • reference number 1 indicates a complex device for a number of functions.
  • Such a device is fed with water through a pipe 2 (connected with the mains line), a solenoid valve 3 and an inlet pipe fitting 4.
  • Water enters device 1 and flows through it in a first pipe up to its top where - in the area indicated by 5 - there is a socalled "air breaker", i.e. a cutoff that water overcomes thanks to its acquired kinetic enery; said cutoff is provided to avoid possible dirty water backflow to the mains.
  • the device 1 can execute a plurality of functions, which are all known and do not need any further detailed description (see for instance patent IT-B-1.238.419).
  • the pipe fitting 6 is used to flow water through a pipe AL to a resin compartment R, making part of a softening device and indicated as a whole by DD, whereas the pipe fitting 9 is connected with a pipe AR, which is used to feed a certain volume of water collected in the cavity 7 to the compartment S, where the brine for resins regeneration is generated. More precisely, when the machine programmer controls the opening of the solenoid valve E.V. the water collected in the cavity 7 can reach the compartment S and an equivalent brine volume can go over to the resins compartment R.
  • the device DD is of a type and operation known as such, so it will not be necessary to describe it in detail.
  • the resins compartment R is connected with a washing tub by a pipe V, i.e. through a sump 11 fastened on the tub bottom.
  • Such a sump 11 is also connected through three connectors with a lower spraying arm 12, an upper spraying arm 13 and a discharge tube 14.
  • Figure 2 shows the control system of the dishwashing machine according to figure 1 and the water softening arrangement.
  • the same reference numbers of Fig. 1 are used to indicate the same elements.
  • a float device is schematically shown by G, whose position changes according to the quantity of salt available in the compartment S.
  • the float device G is of a type known as such, as for instance the type with a Reed contact actuated by a magnet on a suitable float movable inside a chamber associated with the compartment S.
  • MP indicates an electronic microcontroller as part of the machine control system.
  • Such a microcontroller MP can for instance be a part of an electronic or hybrid timer of the machine, i.e. the device supervising the execution of the wash cycles the machine can carry out upon user's control.
  • the microcontroller MP has a suitable internal clock, named CLOCK, permanent memory means named ROM and nonvolatile read/write memory means, which are not shown.
  • L is a warning device signaling that salt is lacking inside the compartment S.
  • illumination of L is not controlled by the float device G, as usually done according to the known state of the art, but through the microcontroller MP.
  • the volume of water to be introduced in the compartment S for resins regeneration processes is not a fixed and constant one, but is automatically changed as a function of the degree of water hardness from the mains.
  • the washing machine has a control unit with a microprocessor, which is advantageously programmed according to the the fuzzy logic rules.
  • the permanent memory ROM associated with said microprocessor contains an adequate codified knowledge base resulting from the experience of technical people and experimental investigations.
  • the microprocessor MP is fit to decide thanks to this knowledge base the optimal volume of water to be used for the resins regeneration process in function of the hardness degree of the water detected at each wash cycle.
  • suitable measurement means provide the control unit with information related to the physical characteristics of the water to be used for washing.
  • the machine according to this invention is provided with a device to measure the resistivity of the water from the mains, which is used according to the invention to measure the degree of water hardness.
  • Such a device comprises two electrodes shown in Fig. 2 with the letters A and B, consisting of electrically conductive elements inserted on the water inlet pipe 2 from the water mains. Said two electrodes A and B are obviously electrically insulated from each other.
  • Such a current flow feeds a charge transient of capacitor C and stops upon conclusion of such a transient, i.e. when a voltage equal to the value of E is available at the terminals of capacitor C.
  • the duration of the transient generated by the microcontroller MP depends on the capacity of the capacitor C and on the resistivity value of the medium through which the charge current is flowing, i.e. water from the mains.
  • a digital input of microcontroller MP is connected with the terminals of capacitor C, whereas one digital output, indicated by OUT, is used to pilot a transistor Q used as a switch to control the transient and whose manifold is connected with the terminals of capacitor C.
  • the charge time of capacitor C is measured by the following steps of microcontroller MP:
  • the microcontroller MP duly programmed according to the fuzzy logics techniques and with an adequate knowledge base is capable of calculating water resistivity following a measurement of the charge time of said capacitor.
  • the microcontroller is capable of calculating the degree of the water hardness from the mains, which is easily obtained from the water resistivity value through the above knowledge base in fuzzy logic.
  • the electronic control system of the machine is suitable for identifying the degree of the water hardness through the sensors A and B. Moreover, it also appears easy to insert in the ROM memory of the microcontroller MP any information derived from experience, related to the optimal water volume to be used for regeneration as a function of the degree of water hardness and, wherever desired, of the number of wash cycles executed and of the total volume of softened water within a certain period of time.
  • the nonvolatile ROM storage contains proper tables or algorythms, indicating for instance, for each degree of hardness detected, comprised in a preset range of values, the optimal volume of water to be used for each resins regeneration (i.e. in the specific instance, the opening time of electrovalve E.V.).
  • the user starts the machine and the solenoid valve 3 opens, so as water coming, through 2 from the water mains, as described above, can flow through the device 1 and reach the washing tub through pipe V.
  • the control system Upon reaching a determined water level inside the tub (detected by a special sensor, such as a pressure switch or a turbine measuring device), the control system causes the solenoid valve 3 to close.
  • the volumetric cavity 7 of the device 1 fills in, as during this stage the solenoid valve E.V. remains closed.
  • the microcontroller MP calculates through the means A, B, C, Q the degree of the water hardness taken in, as described above.
  • the water supplied in from the mains reaches the tub softened, by its flowing through the resins compartment.
  • the wash cycle is then performed in a usual known manner.
  • control system of the machine will control the execution of the resins regeneration.
  • Such a step is performed by the microcontroller MP by controlling the opening of the solenoid valve E.V. for a given period of time, calculated by the internal clock CLOCK.
  • Such a determined opening time of the solenoid valve will obviously correspond to a well determined volume of water flowing from the cavity 7 to the salt compartment S.
  • an equivalent volume of brine will flow from the compartment S to the resin compartment R (of course such a determined volume of water will be lower or at the maximum equal to the capacity of the cavity 7, which in this specific example is 190 cm 3 ).
  • the opening time of the solenoid valve E.V. is selected by the microcontroller MP as a function of the degree of the water hardness previously taken in and flown through the resins.
  • the knowledge base codified in the ROM memory contains the information to let the microcontroller decide the optimal volume of water or brine to be used for the resins regeneration as a function of their reduced softening performance. Since such a performance decreases proportionally to the degree of water hardness, said knowledge base will include experimental data based on experience, which indicate the optimal water volume to be delivered to the salt compartment to obtain a correct volume of brine as required for regeneration.
  • the nonvolatile ROM storage contains proper tables or algorythms pointing out to the microcontroller MP the opening time of the solenoid valve E.V. for each value given by the hardness sensor included in a preset range of values.
  • FIG. 3 An example of the above knowledge base is reproduced as a diagram in Fig. 3, showing on the abscissa axis the sum of the volumes (liters) of the softened water in a sequence of several wash cycles, on the ordinate axis the possible values of water hardness (French degrees or dHF) and on the horizontal arrows the volumes of water (centiliters) used for the resin regeneration and the relevant activation times of the solenoid valve E.V. for the control of the regeneration water.
  • dHF water hardness
  • each regeneration step will be performed with 190 cc of water, i.e. using all the water contained in the cavity 7 (in such a case the solenoid valve E.V. will be energized, i.e. maintained opened, for 40 secs).
  • each regeneration step will be performed with 80 cc of water, corresponding to 8 secs of energization of the solenoid valve E.V.
  • each regeneration step will then be performed with 30 cc of water, corresponding to 3 secs opening of the solenoid valve E.V.
  • the microcontroller MP is further programmed to periodically perform a regeneration step using all the water contained in the volumetric cavity 7, i.e. 190 cc of water.
  • Such a complete regeneration step is activated by the control system with the purpose of avoiding production in time of brine preferential paths inside the compartment R, which could finally damage the resin performance.
  • a portion of the resins may not be flown through by the brine due to these paths and become eventually exhausted.
  • such a complete regeneration step is provided at given intervals depending on the degree of water hardness and on the water volume (a complete step is useless if regeneration steps are carried out at a hardness level equal to 60 dHF) globally softened after execution of the last complete regeneration.
  • the complete regeneration will be performed after the resins have softened 125 liters of water; with hardness ranging from 25 to 34 dHF the complete regeneration will be performed after the resins have softened 100 liters of water; with hardness ranging from 35 to 44 dHF the complete regeneration will be performed after the resins have softened 75 liters of water; with hardness ranging from 45 to 54 dHF the complete regeneration will be performed after the resins have softened 50 liters of water and above 55 dHF regenerations will practically always be complete, i.e. performed with 190 cc of water.
  • the machine control system is perfectly capable of performing such a counting, since the volumes of water taken in by the machine can be easily counted by the microcontroller (eg. as a function of the number or type of wash cycles carried out or through the countings performed with the aid of the machine pressure switch).
  • a first possible variant embodiment relates to the enabling system of the warning light L, signalling when salt is lacking in the compartment S.
  • the float signal system typical of the known state of the art appears to be sufficiently reliable only to switch off the warning light L after a salt filling of its tank by the user.
  • the electronic control system of the machine according to the present invention is fit to know the degree of water hardness through the sensors A and B.
  • microcontroller MP it is very easy to insert in the ROM memory of microcontroller MP also the information derived from the experience, related to the typical salt consumption procedures according to the kind of regenerations performed.
  • the microcontroller MP can update a proper counter for the regeneration cycles or softened water volumes through its own nonvolatile read/write memory means.
  • the microcontroller MP may reset its internal counter for the regeneration cycles (or volumes of softened water) and start a new counting cycle.
  • the signal associated with the reed contact of the float device G can be conveniently used, which is practically reliable only when salt is introduced in the relevant compartment.
  • An important condition to be complied with to this purpose is the fact that the reed position must be such to warrant the closing of the relevant contact also when salt concentration is not very high.
  • the reed contact according to this invention simply provides for "resetting" of the signal system and does not inform the user of the need to restore the salt level. This can be obtained eg. by selecting the reed position to cause the contact closure already when only half the required salt quantity is available or anyway a position such as to warrant the contact closure even in the worst working conditions with lower salt concentrations than the highest one foreseen.
  • the float system G is calibrated to detect the introduction of a determined quantity of salt by the user. Therefore, to cause the warning light L to switch off, if lighted, the user has to introduce in the compartment S a quantity of salt at least enough to also determine the opening of the reed contact and consequently reset the control device of the warning light L.
  • the opening of the reed contact associated with the float will also inform the microcontroller MP that the user has introduced at least a certain quantity of salt, so the microcontroller will then reset said internal counter.
  • the microcontroller MP starts a new counting of the cycles following introduction of the salt in the compartment S.
  • the microcontroller MP evaluates according to the codified data in its memory, the capability for each cycle to consume salt during the relevant regeneration process.
  • the microcontroller operates a "ponderated average" of resin regenerations till a preset limit value based on the experience and codified in the microcontroller memory is reached, at which level no more salt should be available in the compartment S.
  • the salt lack is not detected in a physical way but deduced by the microcontroller MP according to the data obtained through investigations based on measurements and experience.
  • the microprocessor MP is thus able to calculate a "virtual" salt level inside the relevant compartment S, washing by washing and when such a virtual level goes down to a preset minimum value, it is the microcontroller itself that will switch the warning light L on.
  • the user is requested to introduce new salt in the compartment S, causing a new resetting of said microcontroller MP counter, switching-off of the warning light L and starting a new count as described above.
  • control unit is able to make a relationship between the water hardness values, the volume of regeneration water and the volume of softened water to obtain the signal that salt is lacking.
  • each regeneration will be executed with 190 cc of water.
  • illumination of the warning light will be enabled by the microcontroller after having softened about 740 liters of water.
  • each regeneration will be executed with 30 cc of water: in this case illumination of the warning light will be enabled by the microcontroller after having softened nearly 3000 liters of water.
  • the float system G practically has the sole function to inform the control logics MP when salt is filled in the tank S.
  • indication can be supplied to the microcontroller MP in a different way, eg. providing a special control element actuated by the user.
  • microcontroller MP uses a microprocessor aided control system programmed in conformity to the fuzzy logic rules to calculate the water volumes required for regeneration and/or calculation of the quantity of salt consumed.
  • the knowledge base of the microcontroller MP may contain information to calculate the optimal volumes of regeneration water or quantities of salt consumption not only as a function of the water hardness, but also as a function of the number of wash cycles executed (should each wash cycle of the machine foresee a constant water consumption) or of the water volumes totally softened in time, cycle by cycle.

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  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
  • Control Of Washing Machine And Dryer (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Waschmaschine, umfassend eine Vorrichtung zur Regeneration der Wasserenthärtungsharze, wobei die Vorrichtung umfasst:
    einen Behälter (R) für die Harze, welche benutzt werden, um den Wasserhärtegrad zu verringern,
    einen Behälter (S) für das Salz, welches für die Harzregeneration erforderlich ist,
    Dosierungsmittel (E.V., 7) zum Überliefern eines abgemessenen Volumens von Wasser zum Salzbehälter (S) um die vorgenannte Regeneration auszuführen, wobei die Harzregenerationsprozesse in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen, insbesondere bei jedem von der Maschine ausgeführtem Waschvorgang, ausgeführt werden,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung des weiteren umfasst Sensormittel (A, B, C, Q, MP) der Härte des Leitungswassers und elektronische Steuermittel (MP), um das optimal bemessene Volumen von Wasser zu bestimmen, welches entsprechend während des Regenerationsschrittes als eine Funktion des mittels der vorgenannten Sensormittel (A, B, C, Q, MP) bestimmten Wasserhärtegrades benutzt wird und folglich die vorgenannten Dosierungsmittel (E.V.) steuert, um zum Salzbehälter (S) ein variabel bemessenes Volumen von Wasser entsprechend dem vorgenannten optimalen Volumen zu liefern.
  2. Waschmaschine nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektronischen Steuerungsmittel (MP) mit energieunabhängigen Speichermitteln (ROM) zugeordnet sind, welche kodierte Untersuchungsdaten enthalten, welche das für die optimale Harzregeneration zum Salzbehälter (S) zu liefernde Wasservolumen für jeden von den vorgenannten Sensormitteln (A, B, C, Q, MP) bestimmten Wasserhärtewert darstellen, enthalten in einem vorbestimmten Bereich von Werten.
  3. Waschmaschine nach Anspruch 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vorgenannte Dosierungsmittel für das Regenerationswasser eine Abfangvorrichtung (E.V.) eines Wasserflusses (AR) zum Salzbehälter (S) umfassen, gesteuert durch die vorgenannten elektronischen Steuermittel (MP), wobei die vorgenannten energieunabhängigen Speichermittel (ROM) kodierte Untersuchungsdaten enthalten, welche die Öffnungszeiten der vorgenannten Abfangvorrichtung (E.V.) für jeden mittels der vorgenannten Sensormittel (A, B, C, Q, MP) bestimmten Wasserhärtewert darstellen, enthalten in einem vorbestimmten Bereich von Werten.
  4. Waschmaschine nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel (G) vorhanden sind um das Vorhandensein von Salz im Salzbehälter (S) zu bestimmen und Mittel (L) um die Notwendigkeit einer Salzfüllung zu übermitteln, wenn ein vorbestimmter Minimalpegel im Salzbehälter (S) erreicht ist, wobei die vorgenannten Bestimmungsmittel die vorgenannten Sensormittel (A, B, C, Q, MP) des Wasserhärtegrades und die vorgenannte Steuereinheit (MR), welche den Salzverbrauch als Funktion des Leitungswasserhärtegrades ermittelt und die vorgenannten Mittel, wenn erforderlich, aktiviert, um zu signalisieren (L) wenn der ermittelte Salzpegel eine vorbestimmte Schwelle erreicht, umfassen.
  5. Waschmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den vorgenannten energieunabhängigen Speichermitteln (ROM) kodierte Untersuchungsdaten enthalten sind, welche die Menge des verbrauchten Salzes während jeden Harzregenerationsvorgangs als Funktion des vom vorgenannten Sensor (A, B, C, Q, MP) bestimmten Wasserhärtewertes darstellen, enthalten in einem vorbestimmten Bereich von Werten.
  6. Waschmaschine nach Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den vorgenannten energieunabhängigen Speichermitteln (ROM) kodierte Untersuchungsdaten enthalten sind, welche die Menge der in jedem Regenerationsvorgang verbrauchten Salzmenge auch als Funktion des enthärteten Wassers und/oder des für die Regeneration verwendeten Wasservolumens darstellen.
  7. Waschmaschine nach wenigstens einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vorgenannten Sensormittel Mittel umfassen, um den Grad des spezifischen Widerstandes des Wassers zu bestimmen, von welchem die Steuereinheit (MP) in der Lage ist, den Leitungswasserhärtewert zu bestimmen.
  8. Waschmaschine nach wenigstens einem der vorgenannten Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Salzpegelsteuermittel (G) vorhanden sind, um die elektronischen Steuermittel (MP) zu informieren, dass eine Salzbefüllung in dem Salzbehälter (S) aufgetreten ist.
  9. Steuerungsverfahren für die Harzregeneration in einem Wasserenthärtungssystem einer Waschmaschine, bei der das vorgenannte System umfasst einen Harzbehälter (R) und einen Salztank (S), wobei die vorgenannten Harze periodisch in einen Regenerationsprozess mittels einer in dem vorgenannten Tank (S) produzierten Wasser- und Salzlösung geleitet werden müssen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zum Salztank (S) zu liefernde Wasservolumen, um das zum Harzraum (R) für die Harzregeneration zu transferierende Volumen der Wasser- und Salzlösung zu produzieren, zeitlich variabel ist und mittels einer Steuereinheit (MP) während des Waschvorganges als eine Funktion des für das Waschen benutzten Wasserhärtegrades berechnet wird.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wert des zum Salzbehälter (S) zu liefernden Wasservolumens auch als Funktion des Volumens des in einer Zeitspanne durch die Harze enthärteten Wassers und/oder aus der Anzahl der ausgeführten Regenerationsvorgänge berechnet wird.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein vollständiger Regenerationsschritt periodisch vorgesehen ist, während welchem der Salzbehälter (S) das höchste vorgesehene Wasservolumen erhält, wobei die Intervalle der vorgenannten kompletten Regeneration vom Wasserhärtegrad und dem Volumen des seit der letzten ausgeführten vollständigen Regeneration enthärteten Wassers abhängt.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Salzverbrauchswert oder sein Konzentrationsgrad im Salzbehälter (S) mittels einer Steuerungseinheit (MP) zeitlich aufgelöst bestimmt wird und während jedes Waschvorganges aktualisiert wird, als eine Funktion der Leitungswasserhärte.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Anzeigemittel (L) aktiviert werden, wenn ein vorbestimmter Konzentrationsgrad oder Salzverbrauchswert erreicht wird.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein neuer Berechnungszyklus des Verbrauchs oder des Konzentrationsgrades beginnt, wenn die Steuerungseinheit (MP) eine Information empfängt, welche anzeigt, dass zumindest eine gewisse Menge von neuem Salz in den Salzbehälter (S) eingefüllt wurde.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Salzverbrauch und/oder sein Konzentrationsgrad auch als Funktion der Anzahl und/oder der Modalität, mit welcher der Waschvorgang oder Regenerationsprozess ausgeführt wird bestimmt wird.
EP96107251A 1995-05-09 1996-05-08 Regenerierungsvorrichtung für eine Geschirrspülmaschine mit Wasserenthärtungseinrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0741991B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT95TO000360A IT1279191B1 (it) 1995-05-09 1995-05-09 Disposizione per la rigenerazione delle resine di addolcimento della acqua in una macchina di lavaggio
ITTO950360 1995-05-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0741991A1 EP0741991A1 (de) 1996-11-13
EP0741991B1 true EP0741991B1 (de) 2001-11-14

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EP96107251A Expired - Lifetime EP0741991B1 (de) 1995-05-09 1996-05-08 Regenerierungsvorrichtung für eine Geschirrspülmaschine mit Wasserenthärtungseinrichtung

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EP (1) EP0741991B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69616864T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2169172T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1279191B1 (de)

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WO2003087460A1 (en) * 2002-04-10 2003-10-23 Fisher & Paykel Appliances Limited Washing appliance water softener
CN1674821B (zh) * 2002-08-21 2010-05-26 Bsh博施及西门子家用器具有限公司 使一个在洗碗机里的洗涤程序调整匹配的方法和洗碗机
CN105142485A (zh) * 2013-04-24 2015-12-09 毕勤股份有限公司 用于对洗碗机供应和处理水的系统

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DE19903635A1 (de) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-10 Premark Feg Llc Kleinenthärter für Geschirrspülmaschine
DE10027844A1 (de) * 1999-12-18 2001-06-28 Aweco Appliance Sys Gmbh & Co Haushaltsmaschine
JP2002035743A (ja) * 2000-07-21 2002-02-05 Kurita Water Ind Ltd 軟水装置
ES2268568T3 (es) * 2002-05-16 2007-03-16 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Lavavajillas y procedimiento para el funcionamiento de un lavavajillas utilizando un preparado combinado con varias substancias activas.
DE10257826A1 (de) * 2002-05-16 2003-11-27 Electrolux Home Prod Corp Geschirrspülmaschine und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Geschirrspülmaschine bei Verwendung von einem Kombinationspräparat mit mehreren Wirkstoffen
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CN1674821B (zh) * 2002-08-21 2010-05-26 Bsh博施及西门子家用器具有限公司 使一个在洗碗机里的洗涤程序调整匹配的方法和洗碗机
CN105142485A (zh) * 2013-04-24 2015-12-09 毕勤股份有限公司 用于对洗碗机供应和处理水的系统
CN105142485B (zh) * 2013-04-24 2018-07-31 毕勤股份有限公司 用于对洗碗机供应和处理水的系统

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IT1279191B1 (it) 1997-12-04
DE69616864T2 (de) 2002-06-27
DE69616864D1 (de) 2001-12-20
ITTO950360A0 (it) 1995-05-09
EP0741991A1 (de) 1996-11-13
ES2169172T3 (es) 2002-07-01
ITTO950360A1 (it) 1996-11-09

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