EP0739425A1 - Mittel zur fettenden ausrüstung von leder - Google Patents
Mittel zur fettenden ausrüstung von lederInfo
- Publication number
- EP0739425A1 EP0739425A1 EP95904545A EP95904545A EP0739425A1 EP 0739425 A1 EP0739425 A1 EP 0739425A1 EP 95904545 A EP95904545 A EP 95904545A EP 95904545 A EP95904545 A EP 95904545A EP 0739425 A1 EP0739425 A1 EP 0739425A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- radical
- oligomers
- group
- composition according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C9/00—Impregnating leather for preserving, waterproofing, making resistant to heat or similar purposes
Definitions
- the invention relates to agents for greasing leather.
- the leathers treated with these agents are characterized by good washing and cleaning fastness and good water resistance.
- the agents according to the invention are aqueous dispersions containing special aminopropionic acid derivatives and co-oligomers based on fat crotonates.
- the greasing of vegetable and / or mineral-tanned leather or fur skins is an essential process step in the finishing of the ready-to-use material.
- the shape of the fat distribution in the skin substance and the extent to which the fat components are incorporated in the skin substance influence the properties and the usability of the finished products is crucial.
- the special structure of the fatliquoring agents - for example the extent of their lipophilic groups and any reactive groups present for reaction with suitable reactive components in the tanned leather - determine, among other things, the durability and effect of the greasing equipment in practical use of the leather and fur products.
- EP 193832 relates to a process for the production of waterproof leather or furs using sulfosuccinic acid monoesters in combination with impregnating and / or hydrophobic greasing agents.
- amphiphilic agents have been described for the greasy finishing of in particular mineral-tanned leathers and furs, which represent certain selected co-oligomers of hydrophobic or oleophilic monomers on the one hand and hydrophilic monomer components on the other hand.
- Amphiphilic agents of this type can be worked into the leather or skins to be finished in the form of aqueous dispersions, emulsions and / or solutions after completion of the main tanning, for example by being rolled in.
- mineral-tanned leather or fur skins in particular, they can Amphiphilic agents simultaneously take over the function of retanning.
- the amphiphilic agents can be finally fixed with mineral tannins in particular.
- the more recent patent literature describes auxiliary substances of the type concerned here.
- amphiphilic copolymers being formed from a predominant portion of at least one hydrophobic monomer and a minor portion of at least one copolymerizable hydrophilic monomer.
- hydrophobic monomers long-chain alkyl (meth) acrylates, long-chain alkoxy- or alkylphenoxy (polyethylene oxide) - (meth) acrylates, primary alkenes, vinyl esters of long-chain alkylcarboxylic acids and mixtures thereof.
- the minor proportion of hydrophilic co-monomers are ethylenically unsaturated water-soluble acids or hydrophilic basic comonomers.
- the molecular weight (weight average) of the copolymers is in the range from 2,000 to 100,000.
- EP 412 389 describes the use of copolymers as agents for the hydrophobization of leather and fur skins, which by radical copolymerization of (a) C ⁇ - ⁇ - monoolefins with (b) ethylenically unsaturated C4_8-dicarboxylic acid anhydrides in the manner of a sub ⁇ Punch polymerization at temperatures of 80 to 300 ° C. to give copolymers with molar masses of 500 to 20,000 g / mol, subsequent solvolysis of the anhydride groups of the copolymers and at least partial neutralization of the carboxyl groups formed in the solvolysis in an aqueous medium with bases and which are in the form of aqueous dispersions or solutions.
- EP 418661 describes the use of copolymers containing (a) 50 to 90% by weight of C8-40-alkyl (meth) acrylates, vinyl esters of C8-40-carboxylic acids or mixtures thereof and (b) 10 to 50% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated C3_.12-CaH-.on acids, monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, half-esters or half-amides of monoethylenically unsaturated C4_i2-dicarboxylic acids, amides of C3_i2-monocarboxylic acids or mixtures thereof einpoly erized contain and have molecular weights of 500 to 30,000 g / mol.
- the copolymers are in at least partially neutralized form in aqueous solution or in aqueous dispersion for the stated purpose.
- the applicant's earlier patent application DE-AP 41 29 244.8 relates to the use of aqueous dispersions of co-oligomers from the free-radically triggered aqueous emulsion copolymerization in the weakly acidic to neutral pH range as amphiphilic agents for greasing and washable finishing of leather and fur skins ;
- the main components are half esters of maleic acid with oleophilic alcohols and / or their lower alkylene oxide adducts as well as acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid; in addition can also minor amounts of further hydrophilic and / or oleophilic co-monomers may be contained in the oligomer molecule.
- the object of the present invention was to provide means for the above-described application area, i.e. for the greasing finish of leather.
- Fat crotonates are understood to mean esters of crotonic acid (trans-2-butenoic acid) with C ⁇ o-40 "fatty alcohols.
- the present invention relates to aqueous dispersions
- the radical R is a saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkoxyalkyl group with 8 to 22 carbon atoms, -
- the radical R 2 is an alkyl group with 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a saturated or unsaturated carboxyalkyl radical with 3 to 4 carbon atoms, a carboxyphenyl radical or a carboxyl radical
- the radical R 3 is hydrogen or a methyl group
- the radical X is hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylamium or alkanolammonium and
- the radical Y is a group -C0-, -SO2-, -CONH or an alkylene group with up to three carbon atoms
- c) may contain minor amounts of further copolymerizable comonomers.
- the R 1 radical in the formula for the aminopropionic acid derivatives (I) is a saturated alkyl radical with predominantly 12 to 18 C atoms.
- the radical Y in the formula for the aminopropionic acid derivatives (I) is an alkylene group, in particular a group -CH2-CH2-, and the radical R 2 is a carboxyl group (-CO2H).
- the agents according to the invention are particularly suitable for the rapid and penetrating impregnation of leather and / or furs, so that genuine and cleanable leather and fur files are accessible.
- the leathers obtained in this way have good water resistance due to the hydrophobizing properties of the agents according to the invention.
- those fatty crotonate building blocks (a) are preferred which contain C12-24 fatty alcohols as the alcohol component.
- Straight-chain fatty alcohols or their mixtures are preferred.
- the use of branched-chain fatty alcohols in the fat cronate component (a) can also lead to interesting results in individual cases. For example, by using such branched chain alcohols to a limited extent, the penetrability of the co-oligomer (II) into the fiber structure of the skin material to be treated can be promoted.
- suitable alcohols having at least 6 carbon atoms, preferably having at least 8 carbon atoms.
- An important branched-chain alcohol that can be used in connection with the fatty crotonate building blocks (a) is 2-ethylhexanol.
- the amount of branched-chain, in particular shorter, alcohols to be used will always be comparatively small.
- hydrophilic components (b) used in the amphiphilic co-oligomers (II) can correspond to the corresponding building blocks from the co-oligomers of EP 372 746, EP 412389 and EP 418661 cited.
- the last-mentioned publication provides detailed information on suitable classes of substances and numerous special representatives.
- particularly important building blocks (b) for the co-oligomers (II) are ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and / or ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and / or their anhydrides, each preferably having up to 12 carbon atoms.
- the dicarboxylic acids can also be present, at least in part, in the form of their partial derivatives with a carboxyl group and a derivatized carboxylic acid group, for example as dicarboxylic acid half esters.
- Particularly interesting representatives from the class of monoethylenically unsaturated C3_i2 monocarboxylic acids are, for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and crotonic acid.
- Particularly suitable building blocks (b) can also be dicarboxylic acids or their derivatives, in particular their anhydrides. Typical representatives are maleic acid, fu aric acid, itaconic acid, glutaconic acid and corresponding anhydrides.
- Maleic anhydride is of particular importance. Fatty crotonates (a) and maleic anhydride can be satisfactorily converted into co-olives with or without the use of auxiliary solvents. gomer (II) an easily adjustable low molecular weight implement. It is in particular possible to bring about equal molar amounts of maleic anhydride and fat crotonate with one another so that after solvolysis, in particular hydrolysis of the maleic anhydride building blocks, on the one hand sufficiently high concentrations of carboxyl groups for fixing the oligomers in the skin or respectively Fiber structure are available, but on the other hand also reliably high levels of the oleophilic and thus greasy and water-repellent fat crotonate building block are integrated.
- hydrophilic building blocks (b) based on carboxylic acids other copolymerizable hydrophilic compounds can also be used. Particularly suitable here are ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing sulfonic acid groups. Known representatives of this type are, in particular, corresponding aliphatic and / or aromatic sulfonic acids, such as styrene sulfonic acid, but also compounds such as vinyl sulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid and the like.
- the building block (b) of the co-oligomer (II) can be formed wholly or partly from those sulfoic acid compounds accessible to the copolymerization or co-oligomerization.
- Co-oligomers (II) in which the components (a) and (b) are present in ratios of 30 to 90% by weight (a) to 70 to 10% by weight (b) are particularly preferred. % here based on the sum of (a) and (b). Preferred ranges for the mixing ratios are about 35 to 80% by weight (a) to 65 to 20% by weight (b).
- amphiphilic co-oligomers (II) can also contain minor amounts of further copolymerizable comonomers, which are referred to in the above definition as building blocks (c).
- building blocks (c) Any ethylenically unsaturated compounds which are accessible to the co-oligomerization, such as those, can be suitable here are described in the relevant prior art, cf. here, for example, EP 418661 A1, columns 3, 49 to column 4, 27.
- comonomers (c) are also used in the amphiphilic co-oligomers described according to the invention, their proportion is preferably not more than about 30% by weight and in particular not more than about 15% by weight - the statement by weight.
- -% - refers to the sum of (a), (b) and (c).
- those co-oligomers (II) are particularly preferred which are free from the optional building blocks (c) according to the above definition, that is to say which are composed exclusively of building blocks (a) and (b).
- These preferred co-oligomers (II) contain the building blocks (a) and (b) in mixing ratios of about 40 to 70% by weight (a) to 60 to 30% by weight (b); the percentages by weight relate again to the sum of (a) and (b).
- the co-oligomers (II) based on the fat crotonates preferably have average molecular weights (molar masses) in the range from about 500 to 30,000 g / mol. Molar masses in the range from approximately 1,000 to 15,000 g / mol can be particularly suitable. It has been shown that within these comparatively broad ranges the lower values - average molecular weights or molecular weights in the range from approximately 1,000 to 4,000 or 5,000 g / mol and expediently in the range from approximately 1,000 to 3,000 g / mol - can be of particular importance .
- those co-oligomers (II) are preferred in the context of the teaching according to the invention which result from the reaction of fatty crotona and maleic anhydride and whose maleic acid drid building blocks have been converted into the corresponding form with free carboxyl groups by hydrolysis and / or solvolysis with H-active components.
- Alcohols are particularly suitable for the solvolysis of the maleic anhydride units with H-active components, but also other compounds such as carboxylic acids, reactive hydrogen-containing amino compounds and the like.
- Such a targeted solvolysis can have a targeted influence on enhancing the greasing or water-repellent properties of the co-oligomers (II).
- the ratio of oleophilic to hydrophilic groups can be shifted in the direction of the water-repellent oleophilic elements.
- co-oligomers (II) access to the co-oligomers (II) is also possible, for example, in the following manner: in a first process step, the free crotonic acid and maleic anhydride are reacted with one another to form the corresponding oligomer compound. Subsequently, with the exclusion of water and rapid discharge of the condensation water, the crotonic acid constituents are esterified with the desired fatty alcohols or fatty alcohol mixtures. The hydrolysis or solvolysis of the anhydride rings is then carried out subsequently.
- the agents according to the invention are preferably adjusted to a weakly acidic to weakly alkaline range.
- the alkali metal salts, in particular sodium and / or potassium, are particularly preferred.
- ammonium salts or salts of alkanolamines such as diethanolamine are also suitable representatives.
- Preferred pH Values for storage-stable products can be in the range around pH 7 to 8.
- aqueous-pasty masses whose content of components (I) and (II) is, for example, in the range from about 30 to approx .75% by weight.
- Such pasty masses are to be mixed with water and / or aqueous active substance mixtures of the type described below at any time and put into practical use.
- the agents according to the invention are used together with selected emulsifiers which, when introduced into mineral-tanned leather and / or furs in particular, cause additional greasing or hydrophobization and can preferably be fixed simultaneously via acidic groups in the tanned leather or fur.
- emulsifiers which, when introduced into mineral-tanned leather and / or furs in particular, cause additional greasing or hydrophobization and can preferably be fixed simultaneously via acidic groups in the tanned leather or fur.
- emulsifiers which are introduced into mineral-tanned leather and / or furs in particular, cause additional greasing or hydrophobization and can preferably be fixed simultaneously via acidic groups in the tanned leather or fur.
- compounds of this type are the water-emulsifiable sulfosuccinic acid half esters mentioned at the outset, which are derived from long-chain fatty alcohols and / or their alkylene oxide adducts.
- Sulfosuccinic acid half-esters of long-chain fatty alcohols with in particular 12 to 24 carbon atoms and / or their alkylene oxide adducts with preferably up to 6 alkylene oxide residues corresponding sulfosuccinic acid half-esters of fatty acid mono- and / or diglycerides or their alkylene oxide adducts with preferably up to 6 alkylene oxide residues with a further preferred chain length of the fatty acid (s) in the range Ci2-24 ⁇ long-chain sulfofatty acids, in particular corresponding alpha-sulfofatty acids with preferably 12 to 24, in particular 16 to 18 carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon radicals usually being saturated in the case of these alpha-substituted sulfofatty acids, and internal sulfofatty acids of olefinically 1- and / or polyunsaturated carboxylic acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic
- the agents according to the invention can also contain greasing agents or hydrophobizing agents in the sense of the mixtures of materials from EP 193832 cited at the beginning.
- the mixtures according to the invention of components (I) and (II) are combined with impregnating and / or hydrophobic fatliquoring agents, such as sulfosuccinic acid monoester salts with Ci2-24 ⁇ Fe't'tres'te11 » ⁇ n Combination with other impregnating fatliquoring agents, selected in particular from the group of oxidized or oxidized and partially sulfated Ci8-26-K ° - 1 l en assers'to ' ff e or C32_40 _ waxes.
- impregnating and / or hydrophobic fatliquoring agents such as sulfosuccinic acid monoester salts with Ci2-24 ⁇ Fe't'tres'te11 » ⁇ n Combination with other impregnating fatl
- additional impregnating fatliquoring agents are phosphoric acid mono-Ci2_24 alkyl esters, partial esters of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid mono-Ci6_24 alkyl esters, partial esters of polyalcohols such as sorbitan, glycerol or pentaerythritol Ci5_24 fatty acid esters.
- a particularly suitable class of emulsifier which can also be used in the context of the teaching according to the invention, are the N-acylamino acids known from the finishing of leathers and furs with fatty substances, in particular fatty acid sarcosides, for example N-oleoyl sarcosine, as used, for example are described in detail as emulsifiers for the introduction of silicone oils into leather and furs in EP-B-0213480.
- Suitable emulsifiers are, accordingly, salts of amino acids, in particular N- (Cg_20 _ acyl), wherein corresponding salts of an amino acid having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, with the acyl radical of a saturated or unge ⁇ saturated fatty acid having 9 to 20 carbon atoms at the A Nitrogen, which is optionally additionally substituted by methyl, special Importance.
- Suitable salts of these emulsifiers are in particular alkali, ammonium or alkanolamine salts.
- N- (Cg_20-acyl) amino acids those with 2 to 4 carbon atoms and with the amino group in the alpha position to the carboxyl group are particularly preferred, which are also substituted on the nitrogen atom by a methyl group.
- the fatty acid sarcosides of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having 9 to 20, preferably 16 to 18, carbon atoms have a particularly superior effect.
- the preferred sarcoside is the oleic acid sarcoside.
- N-stearoyl sarcosine, N-lauroyl sarcosine and N-isononanoyl sarcosine are particularly suitable, in each case in the form of their alkali metal salts, ammonium salts or the salts of mono-, di- or trialkanolamines, in particular with 2 up to 4 carbon atoms in the alkanol radical.
- the amount of components (I) and (II) which are obligatorily contained according to the invention is preferably at least about 35% by weight of the mixture of valuable substances and in particular at least about 50% by weight. However, it may be expedient to provide at least about 70 to 80% by weight of the mixture of valuable substances to be introduced into the leather or fur skins to be finished, based on components (I) and (II).
- agents according to the invention are introduced via their form of supply of the aqueous dispersion or their mixtures with the further components mentioned - in a manner known per se - see in particular also the information given in the publications mentioned above for comparable products. It is therefore only briefly summarized:
- the dispersions according to the invention are suitable for the treatment of all customary tanned skins, in particular corresponding material which has been tanned with mineral tanning agents.
- the tanned Skins are usually deacidified before treatment. They may have been stained before treatment. Coloring can also only be carried out after the treatment according to the invention.
- the leather to be impregnated is expediently mixed with the dispersions in an aqueous liquor at pH values of about 4 to 10 and preferably at pH 5 to 8 and at temperatures of about 20 to 60 ° C., preferably 30 to 50 ° C., during a Treatment up to a few hours in several stages if necessary.
- the treatment takes place, for example, by drumming in a barrel.
- the amount of the dispersions according to the invention is usually 0.1 to 30% by weight, in particular 1 to 20% by weight, based on the shaved weight of the leather or the wet weight of the fur skins.
- the liquor length is usually 10 to 1,000%, preferably 30 to 150%, and 50 to 500% for fur skins.
- the pH of the treatment liquor is shifted into the slightly acidic range by adding acids.
- Preferred pH values are in the range from 3 to 5, preferably in the range from about 3.5 to 4.
- a fixation with, in particular, mineral tanning agents can be added, the use of aluminum salts, but also of other polyvalent mineral salts, being used here , for example chrome or zirconium salts can be particularly preferred. Examples
- the aminopropionic acid derivatives (I) can be prepared by methods known per se, e.g. B. by addition of acrylic or methacrylic acid to primary alkylamines and subsequent reaction of the resulting N-alkylaminopropionic acids with carboxylic acid anhydrides, carboxylic acid chlorides, sulfonic acid chlorides, isocyanates, halocarboxylic acids or acrylic or methacrylic acids (compare, for example, the above-cited DE-A-37 17 961).
- Ciö crotonate 5.1%
- Solids content 40.2% by weight
- Ci ⁇ crotonate 3.9% cis crotonate: 4.3% maleic anhydride: ⁇ 0.01%
- Solids content 30.1% by weight
- Crotonic acid 0.05%
- Solids content 40.1% by weight
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4400507 | 1994-01-12 | ||
DE4400507A DE4400507A1 (de) | 1994-01-12 | 1994-01-12 | Mittel zur fettenden Ausrüstung von Leder |
PCT/EP1995/000011 WO1995019451A1 (de) | 1994-01-12 | 1995-01-03 | Mittel zur fettenden ausrüstung von leder |
US08/679,475 US5683611A (en) | 1994-01-12 | 1996-07-12 | Preparations for the oiling of leather |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0739425A1 true EP0739425A1 (de) | 1996-10-30 |
EP0739425B1 EP0739425B1 (de) | 1998-04-29 |
Family
ID=25932935
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95904545A Expired - Lifetime EP0739425B1 (de) | 1994-01-12 | 1995-01-03 | Mittel zur fettenden ausrüstung von leder |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5683611A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0739425B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH09507520A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE165623T1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9506479A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2181081A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4400507A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2115355T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995019451A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1669347A1 (de) * | 1967-03-25 | 1971-05-06 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Verfahren zum Fetten von Leder |
DE3507241A1 (de) * | 1985-03-01 | 1986-09-04 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Verfahren zur herstellung wasserdichter leder oder pelze |
DE3529869A1 (de) * | 1985-08-21 | 1987-02-26 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum hydrophobieren von leder und pelzen |
DE3717961C2 (de) * | 1986-10-27 | 1994-05-26 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gemischen von N,N-disubstituierten ß-Aminopropionsäurederivaten, bestimmte Gemische von N-Alkyl-N(2-carboxyethyl)sulfonamiden und N-Alkyl-N(2-carboxyethyl)harnstoffen und Verwendung der genannten Verbindungen |
TR24291A (tr) * | 1986-10-27 | 1991-07-30 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Deri ve kuerklerin n,n-disuebstituee beta -aminoprop- ionik asit bilesikleri ile ve |
TNSN89128A1 (fr) * | 1988-12-02 | 1991-02-04 | Rohn And Haas Company Independance Mall West | Traitement du cuir avec des copolymeres amphiphites choisis |
DE3926167A1 (de) * | 1989-08-08 | 1991-02-14 | Basf Ag | Verwendung von copolymerisaten auf basis von langkettigen olefinen und ethylenisch ungesaettigten dicarbonsaeureanhydriden zum hydrophobieren von leder und pelzfellen |
DE3931039A1 (de) * | 1989-09-16 | 1991-03-28 | Basf Ag | Verwendung von copolymerisaten auf basis von langkettigen ungesaettigten estern und ethylenisch ungesaettigten carbonsaeuren zum hydrophobieren von leder und pelzfellen |
DE4129244A1 (de) * | 1991-09-03 | 1993-03-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Waessrige dispersionen von neuen amphiphilen co-oligomeren fuer die wasch- und reinigungsbestaendige fettende ausruestung von leder und pelzfellen sowie ihre verwendung |
DE4223111A1 (de) * | 1992-07-14 | 1994-01-20 | Henkel Kgaa | Neue Lederfettungsmittel und ihre Verwendung |
-
1994
- 1994-01-12 DE DE4400507A patent/DE4400507A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-01-03 AT AT95904545T patent/ATE165623T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-01-03 EP EP95904545A patent/EP0739425B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-03 JP JP7518800A patent/JPH09507520A/ja active Pending
- 1995-01-03 WO PCT/EP1995/000011 patent/WO1995019451A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-01-03 ES ES95904545T patent/ES2115355T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-03 BR BR9506479A patent/BR9506479A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-01-03 DE DE59502052T patent/DE59502052D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-03 CA CA002181081A patent/CA2181081A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1996
- 1996-07-12 US US08/679,475 patent/US5683611A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9519451A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2181081A1 (en) | 1995-07-20 |
DE59502052D1 (de) | 1998-06-04 |
ES2115355T3 (es) | 1998-06-16 |
EP0739425B1 (de) | 1998-04-29 |
ATE165623T1 (de) | 1998-05-15 |
BR9506479A (pt) | 1997-10-07 |
JPH09507520A (ja) | 1997-07-29 |
WO1995019451A1 (de) | 1995-07-20 |
US5683611A (en) | 1997-11-04 |
DE4400507A1 (de) | 1995-07-13 |
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