EP0732866B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufheizen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeit - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufheizen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0732866B1
EP0732866B1 EP96400520A EP96400520A EP0732866B1 EP 0732866 B1 EP0732866 B1 EP 0732866B1 EP 96400520 A EP96400520 A EP 96400520A EP 96400520 A EP96400520 A EP 96400520A EP 0732866 B1 EP0732866 B1 EP 0732866B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
solenoid
liquid
yoke
heating
electrically conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96400520A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0732866A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Nuns
Philippe Fache
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electricite de France SA
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Electricite de France SA
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Priority claimed from FR9503054A external-priority patent/FR2731867B1/fr
Application filed by Electricite de France SA filed Critical Electricite de France SA
Publication of EP0732866A1 publication Critical patent/EP0732866A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
    • H05B6/108—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor for heating a fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
    • H05B6/365—Coil arrangements using supplementary conductive or ferromagnetic pieces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a electrically heated liquid instrument driver.
  • the invention also applies to heating by Joule effect of metals or non-ferrous metal alloys (aluminum, copper, zinc, bronze ).
  • a channel oven sometimes used to heat non-ferrous metals, it is provided with a magnetic circuit, generally made of sheets magnetic, extending partly inside the crucible containing the molten metal and partly outside.
  • a inductor winding is wound around the magnetic circuit in the outside of the crucible. This winding forms the primary of a transformer whose secondary is formed by a stream of liquid metal around the circuit magnetic.
  • This type of oven causes energy losses significant, like traditional induction ovens, because the inductor is located outside the container containing the material to be heated.
  • the channel i.e.
  • the invention also relates to the heating of glasses that are often quite good conductors electric. It is known to heat glasses by induction in so-called "direct coil” ovens. In such oven, a copper coil placed in the molten glass is powered at very high frequency (several hundred kHz) to generate the eddy current dissipators of heat. A serious disadvantage of these ovens is the risk of dielectric breakdown in the interval between the points of turns, where the electric field is Student. To alleviate this drawback, sometimes a so-called "cold cage” oven in which tubular sectors in copper are placed axially inside the coil, cooling water circulating in these areas. The current flow in the coil induces other currents in the sectors, which generate the eddy currents in the molten glass. If these cold cage ovens limit the risks of dielectric breakdown, they have the disadvantage of have poor returns.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a process for electrically heating a liquid conductor by Joule effect with good yield.
  • the invention thus provides a heating method of an electrolytic liquid consisting of immersing in said liquid a heating instrument having a circuit solenoid inductor electrically isolated from the liquid, and to supply the inductor circuit in alternating current.
  • the invention is applicable to a liquid with significant electrical conductivity, i.e. to an electrolytic liquid but also to a metal or molten alloy or a molten glass.
  • a method according to the invention thus consists in placing the liquid in a tank in which there is also an inductor circuit comprising a solenoid electrically isolated from the liquid and a cylinder head made of soft magnetic material extending axially inside the solenoid, and to supply the solenoid with alternating current.
  • the invention also provides a heating instrument to immerse in an electrolytic liquid allowing the above process to be carried out in the case of an electrolytic liquid.
  • the instrument according to the invention comprises a solenoid arranged coaxially in an electrically insulating cylindrical tube closed at its lower end, solenoid connection terminals to an AC power supply, and a cylinder head soft magnetic material extending axially inside solenoid.
  • This cylinder head may have, at its end adjacent to the lower end of the tube, a directed rim radially outward from the solenoid, so improve efficiency.
  • the cylinder head is arranged to concentrate in the liquidates the induced magnetic field. We can then use greater depths of skin effect by retaining a excellent energy efficiency, which makes it possible to use a significantly lower frequency supply, therefore more economic.
  • the invention further provides a heating oven of an electrically conductive liquid, comprising a tank to receive said liquid, an electrically solenoid isolated from the liquid, extending inside the tank, a cylinder head extending axially inside the solenoid, and an AC power supply connected to the solenoid.
  • Figure 1 shows a cylindrical tank 10 containing an electrolytic liquid to be heated, typically between the room temperature and a temperature of 100 to 150 ° C, or even higher.
  • An inductor winding constituted here by a solenoid 12
  • the solenoid 12 makes part of a heating instrument further comprising the terminals for connection to generator 14 and isolation means electric between the liquid and the copper of the solenoid and connection terminals.
  • These means of electrical insulation also provide chemical protection for copper vis-à-vis the liquid to be heated. They can be made up by an insulating and anticorrosive coating applied to the solenoid turns or by a cylindrical case double surrounding the solenoid. Such a case can also be arranged to allow the circulation of a cooling of the solenoid turns 12.
  • the liquid to heat is found both around and inside the solenoid 12.
  • the applied alternating current induced in the liquid a magnetic field whose flow lines 16 are represented. Due to the conductivity of the liquid, which is for example between 10 and 100 S / m, this magnetic field generates eddy currents which heat the liquid by Joule effect.
  • the supply frequency is chosen according to the diameter of the solenoid, the diameter of the tank and the electrical conductivity of the liquid, taking into account the fact that the latter generally increases with temperature.
  • the frequency used is inversely proportional to the conductivity of the liquid and squared the desired skin effect depth.
  • an optimal power frequency can be sought by previous tests. If tank 10 is metallic, we choose the frequency so that the walls of the tank 10 are not heated directly, that is to say so that the magnetic field induced on the outside of solenoid 12 remains essentially confined in the liquid. In practice, the power frequency will be often above 50 kHz.
  • FIG. 2 shows a heating instrument allowing the process to be implemented at frequencies lower feed.
  • this instrument comprises a cylinder head 24 and a container tube 26.
  • the tube 26 is made of electrically insulating anti-corrosion material.
  • He has a cylindrical shape which surrounds the solenoid 22 and the cylinder head 24, with a closed lower end 28.
  • the cylinder head 24 is for example made of magnetic sheets arranged in a star for supply frequencies of around 5 kHz or, for higher frequencies (typically 20 kHz) from ferrite bars.
  • She has a generally cylindrical shape coaxial with the solenoid 22 and to the tube 26, with an axial bore 30 making it possible to make circulate coolant from the solenoid and the cylinder head, for example water.
  • the cylinder head 24 may have a rim 32, 34 extending radially outwards, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the cylinder head 24 has a structure capable of concentrating the power transmitted opposite the turns of the solenoid 22.
  • the flow lines bend at an angle important in the bottom edge 32. So when the instrument is immersed vertically in the tank 10 containing the electrolytic liquid to be heated, one can induce a high magnetic field without this field being important at the bottom of the tank. The field is good concentrated in the liquid, even if the depth of the effect of skin is relatively large, i.e. if the power frequency is relatively low.
  • the solenoid can then be supplied at frequencies from 5 kHz only for a transmitted power of several hundred of kW and a conductivity of the liquid of the order of 30 to 50 S / m.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the distribution of field lines magnetic 36 in the example of a power of 237 kW, a frequency of 20 kHz and a conductivity of 37 S / m. To one frequency of 20 kHz, the bottom of the tank is not at all heated. Likewise, the upper edge 34 of the cylinder head limits the extension of the magnetic field above the surface of the liquid.
  • FIG. 4 shows an oven that can be used for heating a conductive liquid to higher temperatures high.
  • the liquid in question can be a metal (or metallic alloy) melted, or a molten glass.
  • the oven comprises a tank 110 made of refractory material.
  • the refractory material from the wall of the tank is placed in a metal casing 111.
  • the tank is covered with a cover 113, provided with an opening 115 for introduction matter (liquid or solid not yet melted) to heat.
  • a pouring spout 117 is provided in the part top of tank 110 to drain the liquid from the tank heated.
  • a solenoid 122 provided with an internal cylinder head 124 is placed inside the tank 110.
  • the solenoid is connected to an alternating current generator 114.
  • a path is provided around the solenoid 122 and cylinder head 124 to allow passage of a coolant, such as water, that does circulate a pump 119.
  • the inductor constituted by the solenoid 122 and its cylinder head 124 is placed in a refractory sheath 126 integrated into the bottom of the tank 110.
  • the sheath 126 electrically insulates and thermally the solenoid 122 and its cylinder head 124 of the liquid.
  • the solenoid is placed vertically towards the middle of the tank, and is dimensioned so that the magnetic field induced is essentially confined in the liquid to be heated.
  • the electrical conductivity is very high (resistivities of the order of 10 to 20.10 -8 ⁇ .m).
  • the cylinder head 124 can then be produced from magnetic sheets, and the solenoid can be supplied at a frequency greater than 100 Hz, typically from 300 to 500 Hz.
  • the refractory materials of the tank 110 and of the sheath 126 are chosen from those usually used in metallurgy (adobe for example).
  • the conductivity is lower (up to 150 to 200 S / m) so that we have to increase the frequency supply for the same heating power.
  • a cylinder head 124 made from bars of ferrite, and supply frequencies higher than 10 kHz, typically around 20 kHz.
  • the materials refractories of the tank 110 and of the sheath 126 can be ceramics such as those usually used in the glass industry.
  • the oven shown in Figure 5 differs from that of Figure 4 in that the refractory sheath 226 containing the solenoid 222 and the cylinder head 224 is suspended from the cover 213 of tank 210 instead of being fixed or integrated to the bottom wall of the tank. It will be understood that many other arrangements of the inductor inside the tank are possible.
  • Figure 6 shows another example of an oven that can in particular be used to galvanize sheets.
  • the solenoid 322, the cylinder head 324 and the refractory sheath 326 are placed near the bottom of the tank 310, with their parallel axis at this background.
  • the sleeve 326 crosses for example the width of the tank as shown. It may then be necessary to subdivide the solenoid 322 into several sections windings supplied separately.
  • the heated liquid being molten zinc, we can, thanks to a conventional arrangement of rollers, scroll a sheet in the interval located between the inductor and the bottom of the tank to apply it a zinc coating.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Verfahren zum Erwärmen einer elektrolytischen Flüssigkeit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in die Flüssigkeit zumindest ein Heizinstrument eingetaucht wird, das einen von der Flüssigkeit elektrisch isolierten Solenoidinduktionsstromkreis (12; 22) aufweist, und dass der Induktionsstromkreis mit einem Wechselstrom derart versorgt wird, dass in der elektrolytischen Flüssigkeit Foucault-Ströme induziert werden.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei in einem Tank (10) aus elektrisch leitendem Material enthaltener Flüssigkeit der Induktionsstromkreis mit einer Frequenz versorgt wird, die dahingehend ausgewählt ist, in der Flüssigkeit das Magnetfeld im wesentlichen einzuschließen, das außerhalb des Heizinstruments induziert wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Heizinstrument Mittel zum Abkühlen des Induktionsstromkreises aufweist.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Heizinstrument außerdem ein Joch (24) aus magnetisch weichem Material aufweist, das sich im Inneren des Solenoids axial erstreckt, wobei das Joch an zumindest einem axialen Ende des Solenoids einen Rand (32, 34) aufweist, der radial zur Außenseite des Solenoids gerichtet ist.
  5. Heizinstrument zum Eintauchen in eine elektrolytische Flüssigkeit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein Solenoid (22) aufweist, das koaxial in einem elektrisch isolierenden zylindrischen Rohr (26) angeordnet ist, das an seinem unteren Ende (28) verschlossen ist, Anschlussklemmen für das Solenoid zur Versorgung desselben mit einem Wechselstrom (14), und ein Joch (24) aus magnetisch weichem Material, das sich axial im Inneren des Solenoids erstreckt.
  6. Heizinstrument nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Joch an seinem Ende benachbart zum unteren Ende des Rohrs einen Rand (32) aufweist, der zur Außenseite des Solenoids radial gerichtet ist.
  7. Heizinstrument nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Joch einen weiteren Rand (24) aufweist, der radial zur Außenseite des Solenoids (22) gerichtet ist, und zwar an seinem Ende in Gegenüberlage zum unteren Ende des Rohrs (26).
  8. Heizinstrument nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Joch (24) zur Zirkulation eines Kühlfluids eine axiale Bohrung (30) aufweist.
  9. Verfahren zum Erwärmen einer elektrisch leitenden Flüssigkeit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flüssigkeit in einem Tank (10; 110; 210; 310) untergebracht wird, in welchem sich außerdem zumindest ein Solenoid (22; 122; 222; 322) befindet, das von der Flüssigkeit elektrisch isoliert ist, wobei ein Joch (24; 124; 224; 324) aus magnetisch weichem Material sich axial im Inneren des Solenoids erstreckt, und dass das Solenoid mit Wechselstrom versorgt wird.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrisch leitende Flüssigkeit ein geschmolzenes Nichteisenmetall oder eine geschmolzene Nichteisenmetalllegierung ist.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Joch (124; 224; 324) aus Magnetblechen verwirklicht ist und dass die Versorgungsfrequenz für das Solenoid höher als 100 Hz ist.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrisch leitende Flüssigkeit geschmolzenes Glas ist.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Joch (124; 224; 324) auf Grundlage von Ferrit verwirklicht ist, und dass die Versorgungsfrequenz für das Solenoid höher als 10 kHz ist.
  14. Heizofen für eine elektrisch leitende Flüssigkeit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen Tank (10; 110, 210; 310) zur Aufnahme der Flüssigkeit aufweist, ein Solenoid (22; 122; 222; 322), das von der Flüssigkeit elektrisch isoliert ist und sich im Inneren des Tanks erstreckt, ein Joch (24; 124; 224; 324), das sich axial im Inneren des Solenoids erstreckt, und eine Wechselstromversorgung (14; 114), die mit dem Solenoid verbunden ist.
  15. Ofen nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er außerdem Mittel (119) zum Kühlen des Solenoids und des Jochs aufweist.
  16. Ofen nach Anspruch 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Solenoid (322) nahe am Boden des Tanks (310) angeordnet ist, wobei seine Achse parallel zu dem Boden verläuft.
EP96400520A 1995-03-16 1996-03-13 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufheizen einer elektrisch leitfähigen Flüssigkeit Expired - Lifetime EP0732866B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9503054 1995-03-16
FR9503054A FR2731867B1 (fr) 1995-03-16 1995-03-16 Procede et instrument de chauffage d'un liquide electrolytique
FR9600737A FR2731868B1 (fr) 1995-03-16 1996-01-23 Procede et equipements pour le chauffage d'un liquide electriquement conducteur
FR9600737 1996-01-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0732866A1 EP0732866A1 (de) 1996-09-18
EP0732866B1 true EP0732866B1 (de) 2002-02-20

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EP (1) EP0732866B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH08315971A (de)
AT (1) ATE213582T1 (de)
CA (1) CA2171788A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69619285T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2731868B1 (de)

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FR2821647B1 (fr) * 2001-03-02 2003-10-24 Robert Lipp Turbine hydraulique immergee omnidirectionnelle a axe perpendiculaire au courant d'eau
DE102013211563A1 (de) * 2013-06-19 2014-12-24 Behr-Hella Thermocontrol Gmbh Heizvorrichtung

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1362622A (en) * 1920-04-26 1920-12-21 Gen Electric Electric heater
US3936625A (en) * 1974-03-25 1976-02-03 Pollutant Separation, Inc. Electromagnetic induction heating apparatus
FR2694994B1 (fr) * 1992-08-24 1994-11-10 Electricite De France Dispositif de chauffage électrique par induction d'un fluide.
JP3112137B2 (ja) * 1993-07-13 2000-11-27 富士電機株式会社 高周波電磁誘導加熱器

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DE69619285D1 (de) 2002-03-28
FR2731868A1 (fr) 1996-09-20
DE69619285T2 (de) 2002-11-21
JPH08315971A (ja) 1996-11-29
FR2731868B1 (fr) 1997-06-06
CA2171788A1 (fr) 1996-09-17
ATE213582T1 (de) 2002-03-15
EP0732866A1 (de) 1996-09-18

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