EP0636848B1 - Schmelzverfahren von elektroleitenden Materialien in einem Induktionsschmelzofen mit kaltem Tiegel und Ofen dafür - Google Patents

Schmelzverfahren von elektroleitenden Materialien in einem Induktionsschmelzofen mit kaltem Tiegel und Ofen dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0636848B1
EP0636848B1 EP94401703A EP94401703A EP0636848B1 EP 0636848 B1 EP0636848 B1 EP 0636848B1 EP 94401703 A EP94401703 A EP 94401703A EP 94401703 A EP94401703 A EP 94401703A EP 0636848 B1 EP0636848 B1 EP 0636848B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electroconductive material
electromagnetic
jet
mass
crucible
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP94401703A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0636848A1 (de
Inventor
Pascal Colpo
Jean Driole
Sylvain Witzke
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TECPHY
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TECPHY
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B14/061—Induction furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
    • B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D39/00—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations
    • B22D39/003—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations using electromagnetic field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/34—Arrangements for circulation of melts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2213/00—Aspects relating both to resistive heating and to induction heating, covered by H05B3/00 and H05B6/00
    • H05B2213/02—Stirring of melted material in melting furnaces

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a method for melting an electroconductive material in an oven induction melting in a cold crucible and a furnace fusion for the implementation of this process.
  • This process is generally used for make a stabilized casting of a molten metal with a variable flow rate for the production of powders metallic by atomization.
  • melting furnaces by induction in which one uses a crucible intended to receive an electroconductive material and which is called a cold crucible because it is constantly cooled.
  • fusion is caused partial or total of a mass of the electrically conductive material liquid by electromagnetic confinement of so as to separate from the wall of the crucible the mass of said liquid electroconductive material.
  • the crucible is composed of several metallic sectors electrically isolated from each other from others and surrounded by a means of heating by electromagnetic induction of the electroconductive material contained in said crucible.
  • the crucible is for example of cylindrical shape having a substantially hemispherical bottom or conical with a pouring hole to which is fixed a mass pouring tube of the electroconductive material liquid.
  • Induction crucible melting furnaces metallic cold are preferred to crucible furnaces refractories that pollute the mass of electrically conductive material liquid by contact of said material with refractory walls of the crucible.
  • Pollution is due to the formation of inclusionary particles of compounds for example oxidized.
  • this pollution incorporates into the powders of numerous inclusions and it is notably recognized that the presence of such inclusions in rotating parts aeronautical engine, for example based on nickel, may be the cause of defects in service performance of these parts subjected to fatigue stresses and lead in particular to premature parts ruptures subject to high stresses at high temperature.
  • an electromagnetic nozzle comprising a coil inductor associated with a device magnetic field concentrator located between the inductor with turns and the walls of the pouring orifice.
  • Such a nozzle has the disadvantage to be conditioned, in its functioning, by the choice of specific dimension parameters, as well as parameters for defining the applied magnetic field such as the frequency and intensity of said field magnetic.
  • this nozzle has a strong size and low efficiency.
  • This centripetal movement at the level of the upper surface of the molten charge allows materials not yet perfectly melted floating on the surface of the load, to be brought to the center and to be then engulfed in this charge, and thereby allows mixing of the mass of molten materials without take into account the inclusions present in said mass fondue.
  • two phenomena are used which are electromagnetic mixing allowing to bring inclusions within the mass of molten metal towards the electromagnetic skin area and a capture of inclusions in the skin area, said inclusions being offset to the wall of the crucible and the surface of the molten metal mass under the effect of magnetic pressure forces.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a method for melting an electroconductive material in an oven of melting by induction in cold crucible which allows to ensure a dynamic purification in volume of the mass of the liquid electroconductive material before and during casting, by settling of inclusions.
  • the invention also relates to an oven of melting an electrically conductive material by induction in a cold crucible, for implementing the process mentioned above, said melting furnace comprising a crucible intended to contain said electroconductive material and formed of several metal sectors electrically isolated from each other, means of cooling of metal sectors, means of electromagnetic induction heating of the material electroconductive arranged around the crucible, a tube for pouring the arranged liquid electroconductive material vertically below the crucible and electromagnetic means confinement of the jet of electroconductive material liquid in the pouring tube, said electromagnetic means being arranged around the tube and powered by a generator, characterized in that the electromagnetic means of containment of the jet of electroconductive material are formed by an extra-flat electromagnetic coil and that includes means for centering said electromagnetic coil extra flat with respect to the vertical axis pouring tube and crucible and centering means and positioning of the crucible sectors by compared to electromagnetic induction heating means of electroconductive material and relative electromagnetic means for confining the jet of liquid electroconductive material.
  • Fig. 1 there is shown schematically a melting furnace 10 by induction in a cold crucible intended in particular for the purification of a mass 1 of a electroconductive material before atomization for the manufacture of powders.
  • the melting furnace 10 comprises a crucible 11 intended to contain the electroconductive material 1 and formed of several isolated metal sectors 12 electrically from each other and each provided with a water cooling means no shown in Fig. 1.
  • the number of metal sectors 12 is by example of new.
  • the crucible 11 is for example of shape cylindrical extending by a bottom substantially hemispherical or conical with a pouring orifice 13 the mass of the liquid electroconductive material 1.
  • the melting furnace 10 also includes electromagnetic induction heating means 14 of the electroconductive material 1 arranged around the crucible 10.
  • These means 14 of induction heating electromagnetic are composed for example of eight turns.
  • the melting furnace 10 also includes a tube pouring 15 of the electroconductive material 1 liquid arranged vertically below the crucible 11 and in the axis of the pouring orifice 13 and the means 16 of confinement of the jet of electroconductive material 1 liquid in said pouring tube 15.
  • Electromagnetic means 16 of containment of the jet of liquid electroconductive material are arranged around the pouring tube 15 and supplied by a generator not shown in the figures.
  • the tube casting 15 is formed by eight cylinder sectors 15a cooled by a fluid circulation circuit 17 such as water.
  • the means 16 for confining the jet of electroconductive material 1 liquid in the tube casting 15 are formed by an electromagnetic coil extra flat 16, such as a BITTER coil, comprising for example ten turns 16a in the form of copper plates, spread over a height of 30mm, for a jet of electroconductive material of approximately 12mm of diameter.
  • an electromagnetic coil extra flat 16 such as a BITTER coil, comprising for example ten turns 16a in the form of copper plates, spread over a height of 30mm, for a jet of electroconductive material of approximately 12mm of diameter.
  • Each of the copper plates is pierced with thirty-six 2.5mm diameter holes connected to a circuit 18 of transverse water circulation for cooling of the electromagnetic coil 16.
  • the melting furnace 10 comprises means 20 for centering the electromagnetic coil 16 for confining the jet of electroconductive material liquid relative to the vertical axis of the pouring tube 15 and crucible 11 and means 25 for centering and positioning of the sectors 12 of the crucible 11 relative to to the means 14 of heating by electromagnetic induction of the electroconductive material 1 and with respect to the electromagnetic coil 16.
  • the means of centering the electromagnetic coil 16 are formed by an envelope 20 in insulating material for example from PERMAGLAS inserting the turns 16a of said electromagnetic coil 16.
  • Centering and positioning means sectors 12 of the crucible 11 are formed by a shell 25 of insulating material, for example from PERMAGLAS arranged around said sector 12 and inserting the means 14 electromagnetic induction heating of electrically conductive material 1 and the cooling means sectors 12.
  • This coating keeps the turns means 14 for induction heating of the material electroconductive 1 and crucible 11 which avoids hydrodynamic disturbances in the mass of material liquid electroconductive.
  • the induction furnace 1 comprising crucible 11 and tube 15 can be placed in an enclosure under controlled atmosphere and the material flow jet electrically conductive is subjected to bursting in the form of a powder.
  • the perfect vertical cylindrical geometry of the casting jet of the electroconductive material is a important or even essential characteristic of good quality of the powders obtained by atomization.
  • the mass of electroconductive material 1 consisting of a steel 5 cm radius superalloy is placed in the crucible 11 and the power transmitted by the means 14 of electromagnetic induction heating and order of 50 KW for a current of 1000 A at the frequency of 20KHz.
  • the Applicant has found that the non-conductive particles, contained in the mass of electroconductive material 1 to be treated, were subjected, in an electromagnetic vortex medium, to a series forces such as drag force, virtual mass, Archimedes thrust, hydrodynamic pressure, force of lorentz which allowed to deduce the behavior of inclusions in a particular electromagnetic patch.
  • the Applicant has determined a configuration the more favorable for the separation of inclusionary particles nonconductive contained in the mass of the molten and confined electrically conductive material and their decantation on the surface of this mass.
  • the method according to the invention consists, during electromagnetic mixing, to create in the mass of the electrically conductive material 1 liquid at minus a vortex 30 in which the inclusionary particles solids or liquids are entrained in a swirling spiral and decanted when they reach the surface of this mass of electrically conductive material 1 liquid.
  • This coaxial alignment requires that the electromagnetic coil 16 means for confining the jet generates an electromagnetic field in symmetry cylindrical with the vertical axis of the melting furnace 10.
  • a classic spiral coil with a conductor of circular tubular cross section only may not be suitable for containment of the pouring jet, because each of the turns forms a current path which is moves in an inclined plane with respect to the vertical axis, directly dependent on the pitch of the propeller of the electromagnetic coil.
  • an electromagnetic coil classic generates a magnetic field creating instabilities jet casting.
  • the means of confinement of the pouring jet of the mass of the material electroconductive are formed by a extra flat electromagnetic coil 16 of the type described previously.
  • the electromagnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 16 is determined so that the magnetic pressure jump is maximum, for a given power of the generator supplying said coil electromagnetic 16.
  • Fig. 3 there is shown diagrammatically, the mass movement of the electroconductive material 1 liquid which is materialized by the two vortices 30 overlays with a travel speed of approximately 0.2m / s.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 represent two diagrams materializing the displacement of the inclusionary particles non-conductive respectively in the vortex superior and in the inferior vortex.
  • Measuring the settling time allows control the minimum melting time of the mass of the electroconductive material and mixing this mass which ensures the purification by settling of the particles inclusions of given size.
  • Particle separation time inclusions is maximum for particles located initially near the center of the vortex (s) 30 and the settling time is very important for particles small inclusions.
  • the Applicant has found that the efficiency of the electromagnetic confinement of the casting of the mass of the electroconductive material 1 is all the greater as the magnetic pressure jump between the axis and the surface of the casting jet is high.
  • the pressure jump is a function of applied electromagnetic force and depth of penetration of the magnetic field into the casting jet.
  • Fig. 6 represents three curves showing the variation of the value of the pressure jump ⁇ Pm in function of the ratio of the radius R of the casting jet to the penetration depth ⁇ of the magnetic field, for different electrical resistivities ⁇ of the material electroconductive.
  • the method according to the invention allows, thanks to the electromagnetic confinement of the associated casting jet to the coaxiality of the magnetic fields of the means of confinement of the pouring jet, heating means by induction of the mass of the electroconductive material, crucible and said mass of the electrically conductive material to obtain a control of the electromagnetic mixing of this liquid mass, while ensuring the separation into continuous solid inclusion impurities contained in the electroconductive material also allowing to obtain improved product quality.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Verfahren zum Schmelzen eines elektrisch leitfähigen Materials (1) in einem Induktionsschmelzofen (10) mit kaltem Tiegel, wobei
    in dem Schmelzofen (10) eine elektrisch leitfähige Materialmenge (1) elektromagnetisch eingegrenzt wird, bis sie ihre Schmelztemperatur erreicht,
    die im flüssigen elektrisch leitfähigen Material (1) enthaltenen Einschlußteilchen dekantiert werden,
    eine Teilmenge des flüssigen elektrisch leitfähigen Materials (1) durch ein unter dem Schmelzofen (10) angeordnetes Ablaßrohr (15) abgelassen wird,
    der Ablaßstrahl aus flüssigem elektrisch leitfähigem Material (1) in Radialrichtung elektromagnetisch eingegrenzt wird,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    der Ablaßstrahl aus flüssigem elektrisch leitfähigem Material (1) dieser Eingrenzung mit Hilfe einer besonders flachen elektromagnetischen Spule unterworfen wird,
    das elektromagnetische Feld, das auf die flüssige elektrisch leitfähige Materialmenge (1) wirkt, und das elektromagnetische Feld, das auf den Ablaßstrahl der genannten Menge wirkt, koaxial vertikal zueinander ausgerichtet werden, und
    in der Menge des flüssigen elektrisch leitfähigen Materials (1) durch elektromagnetisches Rühren mindestens ein Wirbel (30) erzeugt wird, in dem die Einschlußteilchen in einer Wirbelbewegung mitgerissen werden und bei Erreichen der Oberfläche der flüssigen elektrisch leitfähigen Materialmenge (1) dekantiert werden.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der elektromagnetisch gerührten Menge des flüssigen elektrisch leitfähigen Materials (1) wenigstens zwei überlagerte Wirbel (30) erzeugt werden.
  3. Ofen (10) zum Schmelzen eines elektrisch leitfähigen Materials (1) durch Induktion in einem kaltem Tiegel, zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, mit einem aus mehreren metallischen, voneinander elektrisch isolierten Sektoren (12) bestehenden Tiegel (11) zum Aufnehmen des leitfähigen Materials (1), Einrichtungen zum Kühlen der metallischen Sektoren (12), um den Tiegel (11) herum angeordneten Einrichtungen (14) zum Erhitzen des elektrisch leitfähigen Materials (1) durch elektromagnetische Induktion, einem vertikal unter dem Tiegel (11) angeordneten Rohr (15) zum Ablassen des elektrisch leitfähigen Materials (1) und elektromagnetischen Einrichtungen (16) zum Eingrenzen des flüssigen elektrisch leitfähigen Materialstrahls (1) im Ablaßrohr (15), wobei die elektromagnetischen Einrichtungen (16) um das Ablaßrohr (15) angeordnet und durch einen Generator gespeist sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektromagnetischen Einrichtungen zum Eingrenzen des elektrisch leitfähigen Materialstrahls (1) durch eine besonders flache elektromagnetische Spule (16) gebildet sind und daß der Schmelzofen (10) ferner Einrichtungen (20) zum Zentrieren der besonders flachen elektromagnetischen Spule (16) bezüglich der Vertikalachse des Ablaßrohrs (15) und des Tiegels (11) sowie Einrichtungen (25) zum Zentrieren und Positionieren der Sektoren (12) des Tiegels (11) bezüglich der Einrichtungen (14) zum Erhitzen des elektrisch leitfähigen Materials (1) durch elektromagnetische Induktion und bezüglich der elektromagnetischen Einrichtungen (16) zum Eingrenzen des flüssigen elektrisch leitfähigen Materialstrahls (1) aufweist.
  4. Schmelzofen nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtungen zum Zentrieren der besonders flachen elektromagnetischen Spule (16) durch eine diese Spule (16) enthaltende Hülle aus elektrisch und thermisch isolierendem Material gebildet sind.
  5. Schmelzofen nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtungen zum Zentrieren und Positionieren der Sektoren (12) des Tiegels (11) durch eine um die Sektoren (12) angeordnete Kokille (25) aus elektrisch und thermisch isolierendem Material gebildet sind, welche die Einrichtungen (14) zum Erhitzen des elektrisch leitfähigen Materials (1) durch elektromagnetische Induktion und die Einrichtungen zum Kühlen der Sektoren (12) enthält
  6. Schmelzofen nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die elektromagnetische Spule (16) zehn Windungen (16a) in Form von Kupferscheiben aufweist, die über eine Höhe von 30 mm verteilt und für einen elektrisch leitfähigen Materialstrahl von ungefähr 12 mm Durchmesser ausgebildet sind.
  7. Schmelzofen nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ablaßrohr (15) durch einen in Sektoren unterteilten, doppelwandigen metallischen Zylinder gebildet ist, der durch Zirkulation eines strömungsfähigen Mediums kühlbar ist.
  8. Schmelzofen nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zur Speisung der besonders flachen elektromagnetischen Spule (16) dienende Generator ein Signal gegebener Frequenz abgibt, so daß das Verhältnis zwischen dem Radius des Querschnitts des elektrisch leitfähigen Materialstrahls (1) und der Eindringtiefe des elektromagnetischen Feldes über 1,7 liegt.
EP94401703A 1993-07-29 1994-07-25 Schmelzverfahren von elektroleitenden Materialien in einem Induktionsschmelzofen mit kaltem Tiegel und Ofen dafür Expired - Lifetime EP0636848B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9309366 1993-07-29
FR9309366A FR2708725B1 (fr) 1993-07-29 1993-07-29 Procédé de fusion d'un matériau électroconducteur dans un four de fusion par induction en creuset froid et four de fusion pour la mise en Óoeuvre de ce procédé.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0636848A1 EP0636848A1 (de) 1995-02-01
EP0636848B1 true EP0636848B1 (de) 1998-09-30

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EP94401703A Expired - Lifetime EP0636848B1 (de) 1993-07-29 1994-07-25 Schmelzverfahren von elektroleitenden Materialien in einem Induktionsschmelzofen mit kaltem Tiegel und Ofen dafür

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US5563904A (de)
EP (1) EP0636848B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3696903B2 (de)
KR (1) KR950003779A (de)
CA (1) CA2128936C (de)
DE (1) DE69413621T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2708725B1 (de)

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KR101218923B1 (ko) * 2010-09-15 2013-01-04 한국수력원자력 주식회사 유도코일과 용융로 일체형 유도가열식 저온용융로
WO2013183031A1 (en) * 2012-06-08 2013-12-12 Imp Automation (Pty) Ltd Separating system and method
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JP6146319B2 (ja) * 2014-01-17 2017-06-14 トヨタ自動車株式会社 金属溶融装置
US10898949B2 (en) 2017-05-05 2021-01-26 Glassy Metals Llc Techniques and apparatus for electromagnetically stirring a melt material
CN109253622A (zh) * 2018-08-03 2019-01-22 荆门它山之石电子科技有限公司 一种制备含微孔的铝合金的熔炼炉
RU189343U1 (ru) * 2018-09-27 2019-05-22 Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Образования "Новосибирский Государственный Технический Университет" Устройство магнитогидродинамического перемешивания жидкого металла в цилиндрической ванне
WO2020071944A1 (ru) * 2018-10-05 2020-04-09 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Диотон" Способ перемешивания расплава металла и электромагнитный перемешиватель для его реализации (варианты)
RU207347U1 (ru) * 2021-07-23 2021-10-25 Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Образования «Новосибирский Государственный Технический Университет» Устройство магнитогидродинамического перемешивания жидкого металла в цилиндрической ванне
CN117628900B (zh) * 2024-01-22 2024-03-29 中信戴卡股份有限公司 一种铝合金再生用三室熔化炉

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR950003779A (ko) 1995-02-17
US5563904A (en) 1996-10-08
FR2708725A1 (fr) 1995-02-10
JP3696903B2 (ja) 2005-09-21
CA2128936A1 (fr) 1995-01-30
EP0636848A1 (de) 1995-02-01
DE69413621T2 (de) 1999-04-29
DE69413621D1 (de) 1998-11-05
FR2708725B1 (fr) 1995-11-10
CA2128936C (fr) 2004-06-22
JPH07207351A (ja) 1995-08-08

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