EP0731446B1 - Vorrichtung mit Mikroprocessor zur Auswahl und Erkennung von Musikstücken - Google Patents

Vorrichtung mit Mikroprocessor zur Auswahl und Erkennung von Musikstücken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0731446B1
EP0731446B1 EP19950830083 EP95830083A EP0731446B1 EP 0731446 B1 EP0731446 B1 EP 0731446B1 EP 19950830083 EP19950830083 EP 19950830083 EP 95830083 A EP95830083 A EP 95830083A EP 0731446 B1 EP0731446 B1 EP 0731446B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
notes
musical
recognition
piece
inputted
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP19950830083
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0731446A1 (de
Inventor
Giovanni Antonio Giudici
Maurizio Galanti
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Generalmusic SpA
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Generalmusic SpA
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Priority to EP19950830083 priority Critical patent/EP0731446B1/de
Priority to DE1995621597 priority patent/DE69521597T2/de
Publication of EP0731446A1 publication Critical patent/EP0731446A1/de
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Publication of EP0731446B1 publication Critical patent/EP0731446B1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/0033—Recording/reproducing or transmission of music for electrophonic musical instruments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2240/00—Data organisation or data communication aspects, specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2240/121—Musical libraries, i.e. musical databases indexed by musical parameters, wavetables, indexing schemes using musical parameters, musical rule bases or knowledge bases, e.g. for automatic composing methods
    • G10H2240/131—Library retrieval, i.e. searching a database or selecting a specific musical piece, segment, pattern, rule or parameter set
    • G10H2240/141—Library retrieval matching, i.e. any of the steps of matching an inputted segment or phrase with musical database contents, e.g. query by humming, singing or playing; the steps may include, e.g. musical analysis of the input, musical feature extraction, query formulation, or details of the retrieval process

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microprocessor device for the selection and recognition of musical pieces.
  • EP-A-0372 a device which performs the selection of musical pieces but not the recognition of said pieces.
  • US A 5250745 document performs further the selection of musical pieces that fit the type of voice in term of timbre and pitch range of a singer, but not the recognition of said pieces.
  • the present invention proposes to obviate the technical problems described above, by providing a microprocessor device, as in claim 1, for the selection and recognition of musical pieces, recognizing a musical tune by comparing the performance of a user given by a source (as microphone, MIDI-input or musical keyboard) to musical tunes located in a library.
  • the device without regard to the musical ability of the operator, and automatically and rapidly, can identify a piece of music on the basis of evidence and supply of a minimum of constituent notes thereof, as well as independently of the octaves and key in which the piece is played.
  • 1 denotes a microphone which is used to pick up the musical sources playing a piece.
  • a pitch-to-MIDI type tone/note convertor 2 connected to the microphone 1 generates musical notes: a midi interface 3 is connectable to any musical instrument 11, while 4 denotes a keyboard able to generate any type of musical piece.
  • a command panel 5 is placed between the means for performing musical pieces 10 and the means for generating 2, 3 and 4, which command panel 5 exhibits, among other things, a switch 5a permitting a deviation from a first contact A to a second contact B.
  • the command panel 5 is governed by a microprocessor 6 of a sort which is always present in any electronic musical instrument or organ of sound reproduction.
  • the microprocessor 6, through its own actuation means (not illustrated), determines a commutation from said first contact A to said second contact B.
  • a recognition microprocessor 7 compares the inputting musical notes from the means for generating 2, 3 and 4 with libraries 9 containing a plurality of archives in encoded form relating to musical pieces.
  • a display 8 visualizes the title of the piece and the operator can also observe the selection procedure as it happens.
  • the means for generating 2, 3 and 4 are used to generate a sequence of musical notes, which are then compared to the pieces resident in the libraries 9 of the recognition microprocessor 7, to verify whether the piece requested by the operator is included therein.
  • the recognition microprocessor 7, together with the libraries 9, represent a means for logically discriminating with which a logical comparison between the digitalized musical notes inputting from the means for generating 2, 3 and 4 and those present in the libraries 9 can be made such as to make a preliminary selection and recognition in real time of memorized musical pieces which include the notes sent on from the means for generating 2, 3 and 4.
  • Said means for logically discriminating provide for a sequential plurality of procedural phases, divided as hereinbelow.
  • Each musical piece is characterised by a recognition pattern, which is an encoding of a sequence of notes identifying that particular piece.
  • the recognition microprocessor 7 By means of the recognition microprocessor 7 a search is made in the libraries 9 for a piece having an identical recognition pattern to the inputting sequence. If a pattern recognition occurs, the musical piece is considered to have been recognised and is sent to the means for performing musical pieces 10, constituted by a musical instrument, to be played. If no exact pattern recognition occurs, the recognition microprocessor 7, by means of an evaluating program, identifies the most similar piece in the libraries to the inputting piece. When a piece is recognised, its title is flashed up on the display 8.
  • the operator can decide, through the command panel 5, when recognition or approximate recognition has taken place, whether to command a playthrough of the piece.
  • the invention includes a particularly original solution for identifying pieces independently of the octaves and keys in which they are inputted.
  • Each note is labelled with a MIDI code number by the recognition microprocessor 7; said number is well defined and normalized, being the remainder of the MIDI numerical code after division thereof by twelve (twelve being the number of notes in a musical octave).
  • the value attributed to said note is 8, being the remainder of 56 divided by 12.
  • the recognition microprocessor 7 when the inputted notes are read in order to search for the desired musical piece, calculates the algebraic difference between the "normalized" values of a note and the succeeding note.
  • Each element thus calculated can take on values which range from minus 11 to plus 11, since each note exhibits normalized values from 0 to 11.
  • Each element of the array is represented by one byte which, as indicated above, belongs to a range of values included between - 11 and + 11.
  • the pattern of recognition thus consists of a numerical sequence of values representing the difference between one note and the next.
  • the true definition is performed by using a program based on two single-dimension arrays as follows:
  • the patterns generated by the means for generating 2, 3 and 4 are compared two at a time; and this first array is labelled by a word, that is, by eight bits.
  • a routine known as "read inputs" is provided in the array search.
  • This routine contains three subroutines each having the aim of analysing the inputting notes coming from the sources; that is, keyboard 4, the interface 3, and the tone/note convertor 2.
  • the recognition microprocessor 7 begins to scan all pieces present in the libraries 9, and memorizes all those which correspond to the inputted piece: this is done through a first-search subroutine.
  • this comparison is repeated by means of a next-search subroutine for all 1 the further notes transmitted by the means for generating 2, 3 and 4.
  • the comparison process terminates, when the search array recognises the piece, through an exit recogn. subroutine in which the song status - song recognized is defined, establishing the identification condition.
  • the process selects in any case the last selected piece. In this case, there is a song status - song selected.
  • the means for logically discriminating represented by the sequential procedures of the combination of the recognition microprocessor 7 and the libraries 9 permits the sending, through the swich 5a, of a series of notes represented by a musical passage defined by one of the means for generating 2, 3 and 4, with the aim of determining a comparison between said libraries 9 in accordance with a procedural sequence which envisages the analysis of two notes at a time, obviously digitalised, coming from said means for generating 2, 3 and 4, and a comparison between the pattern of recognition of said notes represented as a sequence of encoded numbers identified by the difference bwtween an encoded note and the next note, and a pattern of recognition represented by the corresponding notes of memorized musical pieces.
  • Said procedures also comprise a reading of said notes, a selective search to identify said pattern of recognitions, as well as the continuance of said search up until the search array provides a single identification among the patterns. If this correspondence is exact, a song status recognised message is given, which can then be played by the instruments 10; if this recognition is not achieved, there is a song status not recognised message and the piece is not played; if more than one pattern is recognised, a song status selected message is received envisaging a min error, that is, recognition of a piece with a smallest number of errors in accordance with a dtermined tolerance with respect to the reference piece.
  • the procedure comprises a sequential search which begins with a routine called a first search, continues with a further subroutine called next search and terminates with a subroutine called exit recogn, with which the program managing all of the above phases identifies either an error condition or and identification condition.
  • This procedure envisages a well-defined margin of error, speeds up selection and recognition, and eliminates operator error.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Vorrichtung mit Mikroprozessor zur Auswahl und Erkennung von Musikstücken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Mittel (1, 2, 3, 4) zum Erzeugen einer digitalisierten Information enthält, die von einem Benutzer ausgeführte musikalische Noten darstellt, die verschlüsselt an die Vorrichtung geliefert werden, um zu einer Anzahl von in einem Speicher enthaltenen Bibliotheken (9) Zugang zu haben, welche Bibliotheken (9) aus musikalischen Bezugsnoten für Musikstücke bestehen; wobei die genannten Mittel zum Erzeugen und die genannten Speicher von einem ersten Mikroprozessor (7) verwaltet werden, an welchen die genannten Speicher angeschlossen sind, und von einem zweiten Mikroprozessor (6), an welchen die genannten Mittel (1, 2, 3, 4) zum Erzeugen angeschlossen sind, wobei der genannte erste Mikroprozessor (7) ebenfalls Mittel zur logischen Unterscheidung durch den Vergleich von eingegebenen Noten verwaltet, indem die von den genannten Mitteln zum Erzeugen über einen entsprechenden Befähigungsschalter (5a) gesandten Noten mit den genannten Bibliotheken (9) verglichen werden, um Musikstücke, welche die genannten und an die Vorrichtung gelieferten Noten enthalten, in Realzeit auszuwählen und zu erkennen.
  2. Vorrichtung mit Mikroprozessor nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Mittel zur logischen Unterscheidung (7) sequentielle Abläufe ausführen, welche Erkennungsmuster festlegen und Mittel zur Durchführung einer ersten Ablaufphase enthalten, in welcher die eingegebenen Noten in verschlüsselter Form gelesen werden; Mittel zur Durchführung einer Suchphase, in welcher zwei von den eingegebenen Noten gleichzeitig gelesen werden; und Mittel zum Vergleichen, welche eine eingegebene Sequenz mit einer gespeicherten Sequenz in den Bibliotheken (9) vergleicht, wobei der Vergleich zwischen den genannten einge-gebenen und gespeicherten Sequenzen als numerische Sequenz dargestellt wird, welche einen Unterschied zwischen einer verschlüsselten Note in numerischer Form mit einem Wert von 0 bis 11 und einer folgenden, ähnlich verschlüsselten Note zeigt, sowie Mittel zur Entscheidung, dass, wenn eine perfekte Übereinstimmung besteht, ein Musikstück erkannt worden ist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Erkennungsfehlerschwelle vorgesehen ist, wenn keine perfekte Erkennung des Musikstückes erfolgt ist, unterhalb welcher Erkennungsfehlerschwelle ein Musikstück als solches identifizierbar ist, das im Verhältnis zu den eingegebenen Noten einen Mindestfehler enthält.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Mittel zur logischen Unterscheidung (7) Mittel zur Darstellung einer Situation enthalten, in welcher das zu erkennende Musikstück nicht identifiziert wird, wenn keine Gleichheit zwischen einer Sequenz von numerischen, verschlüsselten Noten, gespeichert in dem Speicher (9), und einer numerischen, verschlüsselten Sequenz vorhanden ist, die der eingegebenen Notenfolge entspricht.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Mittel zum Unterscheiden (7) eine numerische Zei-Richtungs-Anordnung vorsehen, nach welcher die genannten musikalischen Bezugsnoten organisiert sind.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Erkennungsmuster zwei Ein-Richtungs-Anordnungen vorsieht, von welchen sich eine auf die Suche nach Musikstücken bezieht, während die andere sich auf jeden Erkennungsfehler bezieht.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Bit einer jeden Anordnung einen Wert zwischen -11 und +11 annimmt.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte numerische Sequenz, die eine Reihe von Differenzen zwischen verschlüsselten Noten darstellt, nach einem MIDI-Standardschlüssel kalkuliert ist.
EP19950830083 1995-03-08 1995-03-08 Vorrichtung mit Mikroprocessor zur Auswahl und Erkennung von Musikstücken Expired - Lifetime EP0731446B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19950830083 EP0731446B1 (de) 1995-03-08 1995-03-08 Vorrichtung mit Mikroprocessor zur Auswahl und Erkennung von Musikstücken
DE1995621597 DE69521597T2 (de) 1995-03-08 1995-03-08 Vorrichtung mit Mikroprocessor zur Auswahl und Erkennung von Musikstücken

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EP19950830083 EP0731446B1 (de) 1995-03-08 1995-03-08 Vorrichtung mit Mikroprocessor zur Auswahl und Erkennung von Musikstücken

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EP0731446B1 true EP0731446B1 (de) 2001-07-04

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US7363278B2 (en) 2001-04-05 2008-04-22 Audible Magic Corporation Copyright detection and protection system and method
US7877438B2 (en) 2001-07-20 2011-01-25 Audible Magic Corporation Method and apparatus for identifying new media content
US7917645B2 (en) 2000-02-17 2011-03-29 Audible Magic Corporation Method and apparatus for identifying media content presented on a media playing device
US8006314B2 (en) 2007-07-27 2011-08-23 Audible Magic Corporation System for identifying content of digital data
US8082150B2 (en) 2001-07-10 2011-12-20 Audible Magic Corporation Method and apparatus for identifying an unknown work
US8086445B2 (en) 2000-11-03 2011-12-27 Audible Magic Corporation Method and apparatus for creating a unique audio signature
US8199651B1 (en) 2009-03-16 2012-06-12 Audible Magic Corporation Method and system for modifying communication flows at a port level
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DE69908226T2 (de) * 1998-03-19 2004-03-25 Tomonari Sonoda Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Wiederauffinden von Melodien
US6678680B1 (en) * 2000-01-06 2004-01-13 Mark Woo Music search engine
AU2001277034A1 (en) * 2000-07-21 2002-02-05 Cddb, Inc. Method and system for finding match in database related to waveforms
FR2815760B1 (fr) * 2000-10-24 2003-01-24 Philippe Ecrement Procede de constitution d'un signal numerique representatif d'un signal sonore et procede de reconnaissance d'un signal sonore
US8972481B2 (en) 2001-07-20 2015-03-03 Audible Magic, Inc. Playlist generation method and apparatus
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US4745836A (en) * 1985-10-18 1988-05-24 Dannenberg Roger B Method and apparatus for providing coordinated accompaniment for a performance
AU633828B2 (en) * 1988-12-05 1993-02-11 Ricos Co., Ltd. Apparatus for reproducing music and displaying words
US5210820A (en) * 1990-05-02 1993-05-11 Broadcast Data Systems Limited Partnership Signal recognition system and method
JP2995303B2 (ja) * 1990-08-30 1999-12-27 カシオ計算機株式会社 メロディ対コード進行適合性評価装置及び自動コード付け装置
JPH0535287A (ja) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-12 Ricos:Kk カラオケ音楽選択装置

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US9081778B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2015-07-14 Audible Magic Corporation Using digital fingerprints to associate data with a work

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0731446A1 (de) 1996-09-11
DE69521597D1 (de) 2001-08-09
DE69521597T2 (de) 2002-07-11

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