Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
  • A61K8/046—Aerosols; Foams
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
  • A61K8/442—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof substituted by amido group(s)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/06—Preparations for styling the hair, e.g. by temporary shaping or colouring

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a foaming agent comprising an amphoteric surfactant and an amine oxide which provides voluminous and stable foaming, and smooth and mild touch to leave-on foaming cosmetic compositions.
• the present invention relates to hair mousse products comprising this foaming agent.
• BACKGROUND Cosmetic compositions such as shaving creams, hair mousses, spray foams, foaming lotions and foaming creams are aimed to be dispensed or sprayed as foams and applied on the human skin or hair.
• These products are described in the present invention as "leave-on foaming cosmetic products”.
• One common characteristic desired for these leave-on foaming cosmetic products is a foam having favorable characteristics to the consumer such as voluminous and stable foaming, with smooth and mild touch to the skin and hair.
• Hair mousses Leave-on foaming cosmetic compositions for hair are usually referred to as "mousses", which term will be used in the present invention. Hair mousses were bom in Europe in the early 1980s. Hair mousses are fundamentally an aerosol foam, however, non-aerosol foams are also known. The general appeal of hair mousses can be largely attributed to the ease of application and controlled amount of product which are possible from mousse formulations. Hair mousse compositions are generally dispensed by a compressible dispenser or a valve and applied to the user's hand or a specifically designed comb and spread through the hair. Alternatively, hair mousse compositions can be directly applied to the hair by dispensing through nozzles. Hair mousses are formulated for the purpose of styling, setting, and arranging, or for other purposes such as shampooing, conditioning, treating, dyeing, and combinations thereof.
• alcohol refers to volatile primary alcohols having about 1 to 6 carbons, particularly ethanol. Alcohol is used in mousses for a number of reasons. First, the presence of volatile alcohol can aid styling by decreasing drying time. However, it is assumed that this drying has raised the concerns of sc-ie consumers that alcohol is also drying hair. Second, alcohol aids foam breakage as the mousse is spread throughout the hair. It is known that foam breakage is a result of the ability of alcohol to act as a defoaming agent. Third, alcohol itself improves product preservation.
• alcohol enhances the compatibility of the concentrate with the propellant, and acts as a solubility bridge between the resin and the water base.
• alcohol is a good solvent for dissolving oil base ingredients such as conditioning fatty alcohols. Consequently, elimination of alcohol from the formulation may affect product performance.
• foaming agent which can be used in hair mousse compositions with or without alcohol.
• Preservatives such as DMDM Hydantoin (dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin) and Kathon CG (mixture of methylchloro-isothiazolinone and methyl isothiazolinone) are known as effective preservatives at low levels, however, are not approved for use in leave-on cosmetic products in a number of countries. Phenoxyethanol and EDTA are widely accepted for use, however, are not satisfactorily effective at low levels.
• Parabens such as methyl paraben, propyl paraben, butyl paraben, and LiquaPar oil (mixture of isobutyl paraben, isopropyl paraben, and butyl paraben) are also widely accepted for use.
• parabens are lipophilic, they cannot dissolve in water, and thus have some formulation constraints.
• Methyl paraben and propyl paraben are difficult to formulate at high levels, for they are solid at room temperature.
• the type of propellents are also known to affect product performance.
• fluorohydrocarbons such as difluoroethane 152a (supplied by DuPont) can be used for a wide range of formulations.
• Propane and dimethyl ether can also be used for a wide range of formulations.
• propane is relatively combustible.
• Dimethyl ether when used at high levels can be corrosive.
• LPG liquefied petroleum gas
• LPG is a relatively safe propellant, however, have some formulation constraints.
• Evaluation of product performance for hair mousse compositions vary depending on the purpose and concept of the product. In evaluating the performance of a hair mousse, one generally considers properties seen in three major stages; the properties of the foam upon dispensing from the package, the properties of the foam upon applying to the hair, and properties of the end results to the hair. Properties considered upon dispensing include volume of foam and foam expansion speed. It is known that when foam expansion is slow or delayed, "pooling" of the product occurs. Properties considered upon applying to the hair include stability and breakability of the foam, non-soapiness, smoothness, softness, creaminess, and stickiness. Properties considered on the end results to the hair include style control, dry or wet feel of hair, washability, shine, moisturizing, conditioning, anti-static, and brushing.
• It is also an object of the present invention to provide a hair mousse composition comprising said foaming agent which can be formulated in combination with a wide range of solvents, preservatives, and propellants.
• a hair mousse composition comprising said foaming agent which provides quick, voluminous foam expansion and reduced pooling upon dispensing. It is further an object of the present invention to provide a hair mousse composition comprising said foaming agent which provides a foam having appropriate foam breakdown under shear and is easy to spread on hair, has a smooth, soft and creamy texture, and has a mild touch. It is further an object of the present invention to provide a hair mousse composition comprising said foaming agent which provides good style control, conditioning effect, and good feel to the hair.
• the present invention relates to a foaming agent comprising an amphoteric surfactant and an amine oxide which foams by being dispensed or sprayed, and provides improved foaming characteristics to leave-on foaming cosmetic compositions.
• the foaming agent is comprised in a hair mousse composition further comprising a solvent and a propellant.
• the foaming agent comprises amphoteric surfactant and an amine oxide at a weight ratio of 50:50 to 20:80 and further comprises a polymer, a solvent, a preservative, and a propellant.
• the foaming agent of the present invention comprises an amphoteric surfactant and an amine oxide.
• the foaming agent is preferably comprised at a level of 0.1-20%, more preferably 0.1-10%, most preferably 0.1-5% to the concentrate.
• the foaming agent of the present invention preferably comprises an amphoteric surfactant and an amine oxide at a ratio of 80:20 to 5:95, more preferably 50:50 to 20:80.
• Amphoteric Surfactant Amphoteric surfactants useful in the present invention are those having the following general formulae (I) (II), (III) and (IV) and mixtures thereof:
• R3 wherein R 1 is an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or hydroxyalkyi radical of from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted with up to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties and/or 1 glyceryl moiety, R 2 and R 3 are individually selected from alkyl and monohydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, R 4 is alkylene, or hydroxyalkylene of from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, Z 1 is a radical selected from carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate, x is 0 or 1 , n is from about 1 to about 6, and m is 0 or 1.
• R 1 is an alkyl, alkenyl, or hydroxyalkyi radical of from 11 to 17 carbon atoms
• R 2 and R 3 are individually selected from alkyl groups containing of from 1 to 3 carbon atoms
• R 4 is alkylene or hydroxyalkylene of from 1 to 2 carbon atoms
• Z 1 is a radical selected from carboxylate, sulfonate
• x is 0 or 1
• n is 1 to 3
• m is 0 or 1.
• R 8 R 6 wherein R 5 is C8-C22 alkyl. alkenyl, aryl, or hydroxyalkyi, preferably C8-C22.
• R 6 is hydrogen or CH2CO2M 1 .
• R 7 is CH2CH2OH or CH2CH2OCH2CH2COOM 1
• R 8 is hydrogen, CH2CH2OH, or CH2CH2OCH2CH2COOM 1
• Z 2 is CO2M 1 or CH2CO2M 1
• y is 2 or 3, preferably 2
• M 1 is hydrogen or a cation, such as alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkanol ammonium, sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
• amphoteric surfactants useful for hair mousse compositions having general formula (I) are amide betaines, amide sulfo betaines, alkyl betaines, alkenyl betaines, sultaines (sulfo betaines), and imidazolinium betaines.
• amphoteric surfactants particularly useful for hair mousse compositions are high alkyl betaines, such as coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine under the trade name of TEGO BETAINE, coco betaine, lauryl betaine under the trade name REWOTERIC AM DML-35, lauryl amidopropyl betaine, oleyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) carboxymethyl betaine, stearyl bis-(2- hydroxypropyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis- (2-hydroxypropyl) alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, cocamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine (sulfobetaine), lauryl sultaine (lauryl s
• amphoteric surfactants useful for hair mousse compositions having general formula (II) are marketed under the trade name MIRANOL and are understood to comprise a complex mixture of species, and can exist in protonated and non-protonated species depending upon pH with respect to species that can have a hydrogen at R 6 .
• the imidazolinium amphoteric surfactant hereof can be derived via an imidazolinium intermediate.
• Preferred amphoteric surfactants of formula (II) are monocarboxylates and dicarboxylates. Examples of these materials include cocoamphocarboxypropionate, cocoamphocarboxypropionic acid, cocoamphocarboxyglycinate (alternately referred to as cocoamphodiacetate), and cocoamphoacetate.
• Specific commercial products providing the imidazolinium derivative component of the present compositions include those sold under the trade names MIRANOL C2M CONC. N.P., MIRANOL C2M CONC. O.P., MIRANOL C2M SF, MIRANOL CM SPECIAL (Miranol, Inc.);
• ALKATERIC 2CIP (Alkaril Chemicals); cocoamphocarboxy propionate under the trade name
• NIKKOL AM-101 NIKKOL AM-101 , AMPHOTERGE W-2 (Lonza, Inc.); MONATERIC CDX-38, MONATERIC CSH-
• amphoteric surfactants useful for hair mousse compositions having general formulae (III) and (IV) include n-alkylaminopropionates and n-alkyliminodipropionates. Such materials are sold under the trade name DERIPHAT by Henkel and MIRATAINE by Miranol, Inc.
• N-lauryl-beta-amino propionic acid or salts thereof N-lauryl-beta- imino-dipropionic acid or salts thereof.
• Amine Oxide N-lauryl-beta-amino propionic acid or salts thereof, and N-lauryl-beta- imino-dipropionic acid or salts thereof.
• Amine oxides useful in the present invention are those having the following general formula (V), tertiary phosphine oxides, dialkyl sulfoxides, and mixtures thereof:
• R 10 is methyl, ethyl, or hydroxyethyl
• R 1 1 is C8-C22 alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl, or CH3(CH2)pCONH(CH2)q wherein p is 8-22 and q is 1-6.
• R 10 is methyl
• R 11 is C10- 18 alkyl
• alkenyl p is 11-17
• q is 1-3.
• amine oxides particularly useful for hair mousse compositions are lauramine oxide under the trade name AMMONYX LO, and stearamidopropylamine oxide under the trade name VAROX 1770.
• Solvents used in the present invention are selected depending on variables such as the remainder components, viscosity, and desired foaming characteristic of the composition.
• the solvent is preferably comprised at a level of 60- 99%, more preferably 80-99%, most preferably 85-98% of the concentrate.
• Non-limiting examples of solvents useful in the present invention are: water, lower alcohols having 1 to 6 carbons such as ethanol and isopropanol, and polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerin, and propane diol, and mixtures thereof.
• PROPELLANT Propellents when used in the present invention are selected depending on variables such as the remainder components, the package, and how the product is designed to be used (standing or invert).
• the propellant is preferably comprised at a level of 0- 60%, more preferably 0-30% of the entire composition.
• the hair mousse composition is usually provided in a package equipped with an air or gas mixing device.
• Non-limiting examples of propellents useful in the present invention are: fluorohydrocarbons such ⁇ s difluoroethane 152a (supplied by DuPont), dimethyl ether, and hydrocarbons such as propane, iso-butane, n-butane, and mixtures of hydrocarbons such as LPG (liquefied petroleum g ⁇ s).
• fluorohydrocarbons such ⁇ s difluoroethane 152a (supplied by DuPont), dimethyl ether, and hydrocarbons such as propane, iso-butane, n-butane, and mixtures of hydrocarbons such as LPG (liquefied petroleum g ⁇ s).
• Optionel components cen be included in the leeve-on foeming cosmetic compositions of the present invention, depending on the needs of the product.
• Non-limiting examples of such optionel components include additional surfactants, ultraviolet and infrared screening and absorbing agents, heir conditioning egents, skin conditioning agents, perfume, color, pH adjusters, polymers, dyes, vitemins, proteins, pient extracts, end nutrients.
• Heir mousse compositions cen comprise e polymer end e preservetive, end cen further comprise other optionel components.
• Heir mousse compositions mey further comprise e polymer.
• e polymer comprise cetionic, nonionic, anionic, and amphoteric polymers.
• Polymer is typically included at e level of 0- 15%, preferably 0-10% of the concentrate.
• Polymers suitable for use herein include any polymer soluble or colloidelly dispersible in the ⁇ queous phase (if water is the only solvent in the equeous phese, the polymer should be soluble or dispersible in water; if an optional cosolvent such es ethenol is present the polymer should be soluble or dispersible in the combined solvent system). Solubility/dispersibility is determined at ambient conditions of temperature end pressure (25°C et 1 At). Polymers for use in the compositions of the present invention include cetionic, enionic, nonionic, end emphoteric resins.
• Non-limiting examples of cetionic polymers useful in the present invention include quetemized cellulose ethers such es Polyquatemium 10 (hydroxyethylcellulose hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride ether) under the trede neme Ucere Polymer LR and Polyquatemium 4 (hydroxyethylcellulose dimethyldiallyl emmonium chloride copolymer) under the trade neme Celquet, quetemized vinyl pyrrolidone/elkyleminoecrylete or methecrylete copolymers such es Polyquetemium 11 (polyvinylpyrrolidone N,N'-dimethyleminoethylmethecrylic acid copolymer diethyl sulfate salt) under the trade neme Gafquat, methylvinylimidazolium vinylpyrrolidone quaternery ammonium copolymers commercially av ⁇ ileble under the trade neme Luvique
• cationic polymers are cationic guar gums, for example, hydroxypropyltrimethylemmonium guer gum, quetemized cellulose ethers such es copolymers of hydroxyethylcellulose with diellyldimethyl emmonium chloride or with trimethyl emmonium substituted epoxides, homopolymers of lower elkylemino elkyl ecrylete or methecrylete monomers (e.g.
• competible monomers such es N-vinylpyrrolidone or with methecrylete deriv ⁇ tives such as methyl, ethyl, abietyl end oleyl meth ⁇ cryletes end mixtures thereof end/or with
• Polycetfonic heir conditioning polymers can be derived from polymerizable cationic starting monomers, or from polymerizable nonionic monomers which are modified subsequent to polymerization to be of cationic cheracter.
• cetionic monomers include: (i) monomers derived from ecrylic ecid or methecrylic ecid, which is referred to hereinefter collectively es (meth)ecrylic ecid, end e quetemized epihelohydrin product of e trielkyl emine heving 1 to 5 cerbon atoms in the alkyl group such as (methy)ecryloxypropyltrimethylemmonium choride end
• (meth)acryloxypropyltriethylammonium bromide (ii) amine derivatives of (meth)acrylic acid or amine derivetives of (meth)ecrylemide derived from (meth)ecrylic ecid or (meth)acrylamide and a dielkylelkenolemine have C1-C4 alkyl groups such as dimethylaminoethyl (meth)ecrylete, diethyleminoethyl (meth)ecrylate, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylete, or dimethyleminopropyl (meth) ⁇ crylamide; and (iii) derivatives of the products of the group (ii) above by (1) neutralizetion with en inorgenic or organic ecid, such as hydrochloric acid, or lactic acid, (2) modification with a halogeneted alkyl, such es methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, methyl
• cetionic unseturated monomers include ⁇ mine derivetives of ⁇ llyl compounds such es diellyldimethylammonium chloride and the like as well es vinylimidezolium queternery emmonium monomers.
• cetionic unseturated monomers cen be polymerized in cetionic form, or es an altem ⁇ tive they can be polymerized in the form of their precursors, which are then modified to be cationic, for example, by a quatemizing egent (eg. ethyl monochloroacetate, dimethyl sulfete, etc.)
• a quatemizing egent eg. ethyl monochloroacetate, dimethyl sulfete, etc.
• C24 elcohols such es meth ⁇ nol, ethenol, 1-propenol, 2-propenol, 1-butenol, 2-methyl-1-propenol,
• nonionic monomers include ecrylete end methecrylete derivetives such es ⁇ llyl ecrylete and methacrylete, cyclohexyl acrylate end methecrylete, oleyl ecrylete end methecrylete, benzyl ecrylete end methacrylate, tetrehydrofurfuryl ecrylete end methecrylete, ethylene glycol di-ecrylete end -methecrylete, 1 ,3- butyleneglycol d-ecrylete end -methecrylete, diecetonecrylemide, isobomyl (meth)ecrylete, end the like.
• ecrylete end methecrylete derivetives such es ⁇ llyl ecrylete and methacrylete, cyclohexyl acrylate end methe
• poler nonionic monomers include acrylamide, N,N- dimethylecrylemide, methecrylemide, N-t-butyl acrylamide, methacrylonitrile, ecrylemide, ecrylete elcohols (eg.C2-C ⁇ ecrylete elcohols such es hydroxyethyl ecrylete, hydroxyproxyl ecrylete), hydroxyethyl methecrylete, hydroxypropyl methecrylete, vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl ethers, such es methyl vinyl ether, ecyl lectones end vinyl pyridine, ellyl elcohols, vinyl elcohols end vinyl caprolactam.
• ecrylete elcohols eg.C2-C ⁇ ecrylete elcohols such es hydroxyethyl e
• Non-limiting examples of polycationic polymers include cationic polysaccharides, homopolymers of dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride, copolymers of dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide, cationic amino-functionel homopolymers and copolymers derived from acrylic acid end/or methecrylic ecid, especially from alkylaminoelkyl acrylate and methacrylate monomers such es dimethylaminoethyl acrylete and methacrylete, polyelkylene imines end ethoxy polyelkylene imines, vinylimidezolium/vinylpyrroiidone qu ⁇ ternery emmonium copolymers, end mixtures thereof.
• Preservetive Heir mousse compositions cen further comprise a preservative. Such preservative is preferably included at a level of 0-5%, more preferably 0-3% of the concentrate.
• Non-limiting examples of preservatives useful in the present invention are DMDM Hydantoin (dimethylol dimethyl hydentoin) Kethon CG, (mixture of methylchloro-isothiezolinone end methyl isothiezolinone), imidezolidinyl uree, phenoxyethenol, EDTA end its selts, benzyl elcohol, and parabens such as methyl paraben, propyl paraben, butyl paraben, and LiquaPer oil (mixture of isobutyl paraben, isopropyl paraben, end butyl pereben).
• DMDM Hydantoin dimethylol dimethyl hydentoin
• Kethon CG (mixture of methylchloro-isothiezolinone end methyl isothiezolinone), imidezolidinyl uree, phenoxyethenol, EDTA end its selts,
• Heir mousse compositions cen further comprise additional surfactants.
• Such additionel surfectents comprise nonionic, cetionic, enionic, and other amphoteric surfactents which do not affect the foaming agent of the present invention.
• Non-limiting examples of such additionel surfectents include sodium leuroyl methyleminopropionete, sodium cocoyl isethionete (sodium cocoyl ethyl ester sulfonete), isosteereth 10, and Geropon TC-42 (Na-N-Cocoyl N-Methyl Teurate) leuric ecid dimethanolamide.
• Additionel surfectent is typically included at a level of less than 50%, preferably less than 33% of the foeming egent.
• Heir mousse compositions mey further comprise e variety of optional components.
• Such optional components include; thickeners and viscosity modifiers such es diethenolemides of long chain fatty acids, sodium chloride, and sodium sulfate, heir conditioning egents such es cetyl elcohol, steeryl elcohol, oleyl elcohol, end penthenol, ultraviolet ebsorbing egents such as octyl salicylete, pH ⁇ djusting egents such es citric ecid, succinic ecid, sodium hydroxide end triethenolemine, coloring egents, heir oxidizing egents such es hydrogen peroxide, perborate selts end persulfete selts,
• Polyquetemium 4 2.50 3.00 1.00
• Tebles 1 and 2 can be prepared by any conventional method well known in the art. A suitable method is as follows:
• Propyleneglycol, dimethicone copolyol, preservatives, polymers, and foaming agent are added into distilled water under agitetion at room temperature until homogenized.
• the obtained mixture is heated up to 70-75°C.
• Other optional components are added to the heated mixture, and agiteted until homogenized.
• the obtained mixture is allowed to cool to 30-40°C, and perfume end end other heet sensitive components such es sodium cocyl isethionate are added.
• the obteined concentrate is pecked into cens with propellant.

Landscapes

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=22550538

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Families Citing this family (8)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 1994
  • 1994-10-11 BR BR9408108A patent/BR9408108A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1994-10-11 WO PCT/US1994/011471 patent/WO1995013788A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1994-10-11 KR KR1019960702628A patent/KR960705539A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1994-10-11 CA CA002176458A patent/CA2176458C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-10-11 JP JP7514440A patent/JP2944758B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-10-11 CN CN94194196A patent/CN1135170A/zh active Pending
  • 1994-10-11 EP EP94930685A patent/EP0729342A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1994-10-11 AU AU79730/94A patent/AU7973094A/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events