EP0728859A1 - Shapable and heat stabilisable textile loop pile fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

The characteristic features in a lopped material comprising a stitched or woven backing with bonded-in loop-forming yarns are that: (i) the backing contains a multi-filament hybrid yarn of 2 types of filament (A) and (B), together with 0-40 wt.% accompanying filaments (C) where (A) is texturised and of m.pt. above 180 (esp. above 250) degrees C and (B) is of m.pt. below 220 (esp. below 180) degrees C such that the m.pt. of (B) is at least 20 (esp., at least 80) degrees C below that of (A), (ii) the wt. ratio (A):(B) is 20:80-80:20 esp. 40:60-60:40 and (iii) the loop length of the bonded-in yarns is 1-4 mm. and these yarns are multi-filament yarns of total titre 30-200 dtex and single titre 5-25 dtex and/or mono-filaments of 20-70 dtex. Pref. filaments (A) have 3-50 (esp. 8-30)% self-crimp and m.pt. 240-280 degrees C, while (B) have m.pt. 150-200 degrees C. The hybrid yarns in the base have a total titre of 80-500 (esp. 160-230) dtex, with (A) having individual titre 0.5-15 (esp. 2-10) dtex and (B) 1-20 (esp. 3-15) dtex. The backing and bonded-in yarns are pref. of the same polymer class, esp. both polyesters and the bonded-in, loop-forming yarns have m.pt. at least 20 (esp. at least 80) degrees C above the m.pt. of backing hybrid yarn component (B)

Description

The present invention relates to a loop pile fabric made of a textile back made of knitted fabric or woven fabric and integrated handle-forming pile yarns, the textile back of which consists of a multifilament hybrid yarn made from a mixture of lower-melting and crimped higher-melting filaments, which is three-dimensionally deformable and whose back is formed by a Heat treatment can be solidified. The pile fabric according to the invention is outstandingly suitable as an eyelet surface for Velcro fastenings, in particular for large-area, high-strength Velcro fastenings.

Velcro fasteners are known, preferably in the form of tapes, Velcro fasteners, which can be used instead of zippers. They consist of a band or fabric that has a large number of hooks on its surface, usually made of polymer monofilaments, that form the hook surface of the closure and a complementary surface that has a multiplicity of small eyelets that form the eye surface of the closure, and in which the hooks engage and are anchored when the two surfaces are combined. The eyelet surface thus forms the anchoring surface in which the ticks of the tick surface can anchor.

Flat structures made of hybrid yarns, which are composed of low-melting and higher-melting fiber materials and which can be consolidated by heat treatment, are already known.
For example, EP-B-0359436 discloses lamella curtains, the lamellae of which consist of a fabric of lower-melting and higher-melting yarns, which after its production is subjected to a heat treatment in which the lower-melting yarn portions melt and stiffen the fabric.

It is also known to fabricate from hybrid yarns which have a high-melting or infusible filament portion and a thermoplastic lower-melting filament portion, which by heating above the melting point of the thermoplastic, lower-melting yarn component in fiber-reinforced, rigid thermoplastic sheets, so-called "organic sheets" "can be transferred.

Various ways of producing fiber-reinforced thermoplastic semi-finished products have been described in chemical fiber / textile technology 39/91. Volume (1989) pages T185 to T187, T224 to T228 and T236 to T240. The production based on sheet-like textile materials from hybrid yarns is described there as an elegant way, which offers the advantage that the mixing ratio of reinforcement and matrix fibers can be set very precisely and that the textile materials can be easily inserted into press molds due to their drapability (chemical fibers / Textile technology 39th / 91st year (1989), page T186).
As can be seen from page T238 / T239 of this publication, problems arise with the two-dimensional deformation of the textile materials. Since the elasticity of the reinforcement threads is usually negligible, textile surfaces made of conventional hybrid yarns can only be deformed due to their binding.
However, this deformability is usually limited if wrinkles are to be avoided (T239), an experience that has been confirmed by computer simulations. The way out of pressing the textiles from reinforcing and matrix threads into molds has the disadvantage that a partial compression then occurs, which leads to a displacement and / or crimping of the reinforcing threads combined with a decrease in the reinforcing effect.
Another possibility mentioned in page T239 / T240 to produce three-dimensionally deformed molded parts with undisplaced reinforcing threads would be the production of three-dimensionally woven preforms, but this requires considerable mechanical expenditure, both in the production of the preforms and in the thermoplastic impregnation or coating .

A method known from DE-A-40 42 063 is used to improve the deformability of reinforcing inserts. In this, length-deformable, namely heat-shrinking, auxiliary threads are incorporated into the fabric provided as textile reinforcement. The shrinkage is triggered by heating and the textile material is contracted somewhat, so that the reinforcing threads are curled or held in a loose wrap.

A pile fabric is known from a basic fabric, in which pile yarns are integrated, from Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 30 937/1984. The basic fabric consists of a yarn made of lower melting and higher melting fibers. After the fabric has been produced and the pole has been tied in, the material is heated to a temperature at which the lower-melting fibers melt, causing the back of the fabric to solidify. From the example of this document it can be seen that the yarn used to produce the woven backing is a staple fiber yarn which is obtained from a mixture of lower melting and higher melting staple fibers by secondary spinning.

However, these publications do not provide any information on the manufacture of a pile which is deformable, i.e. is suitable for covering complex three-dimensional surfaces.

An object of the present invention is to provide a loop pile fabric which, owing to its loop-forming pole, is suitable as an eyelet surface for Velcro fastenings, is easy to produce, deforms three-dimensionally and thus also has complicated three-dimensional surfaces, e.g. the inside of car doors, backrests or rear surfaces of bucket seats can be adjusted without folds, and their backs can be solidified and stiffened by simple heating to an extent adapted to the requirements of further processing.

The loop pile fabric according to the invention described below solves this problem.

An object of the present invention is a loop pile fabric made of a textile back made of knitted fabric or woven fabric and loop-forming pile yarns integrated therein, which is characterized in that
that their textile back consists of a multifilament hybrid yarn of at least 2 types A and B of filaments and possibly accompanying filaments C, whereby
the filaments A
are textured and have a melting point above 180 ° C., preferably above 220 ° C., in particular above 250 ° C.
the filaments B
have a melting point below 220 ° C., preferably below 200 ° C., in particular below 180 ° C.,
the melting point of filaments B is at least 20 ° C., preferably at least 40 ° C., in particular at least 80 ° C. below the melting point of filaments A,
the weight ratio of the filaments A: B is in the range from 20:80 to 80:20, preferably from 40:60 to 60:40 and the multifilament hybrid yarn still contains up to 40% by weight of accompanying filaments C, and that the pile is made of There are loop loops with a handle length of 1 to 4 mm, which are formed from a multifilament yarn with a total titer of 30 to 200 dtex and single titer from 5 to 25 dtex, and / or from monofilaments with a titer of 20 to 70 dtex.

A major advantage of this loop pile fabric is that it is three-dimensionally deformable.
This valuable property is particularly favored and is also achieved when the back consists of a fabric, when the higher-melting textured filaments A have a crimp of 3 to 50%, preferably 8 to 30%, in particular 10 to 22%.

In principle, the higher-melting filaments can be crimped in accordance with all known methods in which a two- or three-dimensional crimp is fixed in the filaments at elevated temperature. Suitable known methods are, for example, stuffer box crimping, gear crimping, the "knit-deknit" method, in which a yarn first forms a knitted tube is knitted, this is heat-set and then pulled up again. However, the preferred method for texturing filaments A is the false wire method described in numerous publications.

The higher-melting textured filaments A are expediently textured with air nozzles or preferably with false wires.

Another particularly valuable property of the loop pile fabric according to the invention is that its back can be solidified by heat treatment. The lower-melting filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn of the textile back form at least partially a matrix that connects the higher-melting textured filaments of the multifilament hybrid yarn to one another and to the pile yarn in the area of the back plane.
For the purposes of this invention, a matrix is to be understood as a coherent polyester mass which is formed by the complete or partial melting of the filaments B or by gluing the filaments B which have softened to the point of stickiness.

In order to achieve this strengthening possibility without having to accept undesirable losses in terms of strength, shape retention of the goods under difficult application conditions or the stability of the loop pile, it is expedient and advantageous if the filaments A have a melting point of over 220 ° C., preferably of Have 220 to 300 ° C, especially 240-280 ° C.
Furthermore, it is expedient and advantageous if the filaments B have a melting point of below 220 ° C., preferably from 110 to 220 ° C., in particular from 150 to 200 ° C.

Essential to the invention is the use of filament types A, B for which certain melting point specifications exist.
The melting point of the filaments is determined on the polymer raw material used for their production. A specialty of many polymer materials, such as also of polyester materials, is that they usually soften before melting and the melting process extends over a relatively wide temperature range. Nevertheless, it is possible to determine easily reproducible temperature points which are characteristic of these polymer materials, for example polyester materials, at which the examined sample loses its geometric shape, ie changes to a liquid (albeit often highly viscous) state. These characteristic temperature points are determined using so-called penetrometers (analogous to DIN 51579 or 51580), in which a measuring tip of a defined dimension is placed on a chip or pellet of the polymer sample to be examined under a defined pressure, the sample is then heated at a defined heating rate and the penetration of the Measuring tip in the polymer material is tracked.
As soon as the sample, for example the polyester sample, softens, a very slow penetration of the measuring tip into the material begins.
The penetration of the measuring tip can slow down again with increasing temperature and can also come to a complete standstill if the softened, initially amorphous polyester mass crystallizes.
In this case, when the temperature is increased further, a second softening range becomes apparent, which then changes to the "melting range" described below.
The "melting range" mentioned is a certain rather narrow temperature range which is characteristic of the material and in which there is a noticeable acceleration in the penetration of the measuring tip into the polyester material. A temperature point at which the measuring tip has reached a certain depth of penetration can then be defined as an easily reproducible melting point.
For the purposes of this invention, the melting point is defined as the temperature point (average of 5 measurements) at which a measuring tip with a circular contact surface of 1 mm ² and a contact weight of 0.5 g is placed in a polymer sample heated at 5 ° C./min, for example polyester sample , 1000 µm has penetrated.

Both for reasons of the manufacture of the loop pile fabric according to the invention and for reasons of a particularly advantageous distribution of the matrix material in the consolidation of the back (short flow paths), it is preferred that between the filaments A and B and possibly C thread closure.
The thread closure between the filaments is necessary in order to form a thread body which can be processed in the manner of a yarn, ie which can be woven or knitted, for example, without individual filaments of the composite becoming detached from it or forming larger loops and thus disrupting the processing steps to lead.
The required thread closure can be brought about, for example, by imparting a so-called protective twist of, for example, 10 to 100 turns / m to the yarn, or by spot welding the filaments together. The required thread closure is preferably brought about by swirling in a jet nozzle, the filaments to be connected to a yarn being blown laterally in a narrow thread channel with a sharp gas jet. The degree of intermingling and thus the quality of the thread closure can be varied by the strength of the blowing.

Filaments A, B and possibly C of the multifilament hybrid yarn are preferably intermingled with one another, the degree of intermingling of the multifilament hybrid yarn appropriately corresponding to an opening length of 10 to 100 mm.

The degree of turbulence is characterized by the specification of the opening length, which is measured in accordance with the needle test method described in US Pat. No. 2,985,995 using an ITEMAT needle test device.

Further preferred features of the multifilament hybrid yarn, which can be present individually or in changing combinations depending on the application requirements or expediency, are that the filaments B are smooth, the multifilament hybrid yarn contains no accompanying filaments C, it has a total titer of 80 to 500 dtex, preferably 100 to 400 dtex, in particular 160 to 320 dtex, the higher-melting textured filaments A have a single-filament titer of 0.5 to 15 dtex, preferably 2 to 10 dtex, and the lower-melting filaments B have a single-filament titer of 1 up to 20 dtex, preferably from 3 to 15 dtex.

In the interest of a good textile quality of the loop pile fabric according to the invention, it is expedient to use a multifilament hybrid yarn whose high-melting textured filaments A have an initial modulus of 15 to 28 N / tex, preferably 20 to 25 N / tex, and a fineness-related maximum tensile force of over 25 cN / tex, preferably of more than 30 cN / tex, in particular of 30 to 40 cN / tex.

It has been shown that, in addition to the multifilament hybrid yarns to be used according to the invention, other yarns can also be processed in the production of the back, these being e.g. mixed with the hybrid yarn or isolated in rows without handles. However, the proportion of the multifilament hybrid yarn in the back should expediently be at least 20%, preferably at least 35%, in particular 40 to 100%.

For most applications it is useful that the basis weight of the loop pile fabric according to the invention is 80 to 250 g / m ² , preferably 100 to 180 g / m ² , in particular 100 to 150 g / m ² , and that the weight ratio of textile back to pile yarn in the Raw goods are in the range from 90:10 to 50:50, preferably 85:15 to 70:30.

It is furthermore expedient for the handles to have a length of 1.0 to 4.0 mm, preferably of 1.0 to 3.0 mm.

As a rule, the loop pile fabric according to the invention meets the requirements for Velcro fastening material if the total titer of the pile yarn, as stated above, is 30 to 200 dtex. The titer range from 76 to 150 dtex is particularly preferred.
The single filament titer of the pile yarn is normally 5 to 25 dtex, preferably 5 to 18 dtex, in particular 10 to 16 dtex.
The pile yarns can be smooth. However, it seems that the adherence of the Velcro fastener is improved somewhat if the pile yarns are textured. It is therefore preferred that the pile yarns are textured, preferably blown or false wire textured.

The loop pile of the loop pile fabric according to the invention can also contain or consist of monofilaments in addition to or instead of the relatively coarse-titered, preferably textured multifilament yarns mentioned above. The pile-forming monofilaments or those contained in the pile expediently have titers of 20 to 70 dtex, preferably 33 to 50 dtex.

Since the pile must cause the material according to the invention to adhere to the hook surfaces of pile fastenings, it is understood that it consists of uncut pile yarn loops.

As already stated above, an embodiment of the loop pile fabric according to the invention is characterized in that the textile back consists of knitted fabric.
In this embodiment, the back of the loop pile fabric according to the invention can be knitted or knitted.
The knitted textile surfaces can be warp knitted or knitted.
A knitted or knitted back can have right / right, left / left or a right / left stitch structure and their known variants as well as jacquard patterns.

As also already stated above, a further embodiment of the loop pile fabric according to the invention is characterized in that the textile back is woven.
In principle, a woven backing can have all known fabric constructions such as the plain weave and its derivatives.

The woven or knitted fabrics are selected according to the intended use of the textile material according to the invention, technical convenience being the primary factor. The preferred stitch structure is the basic weave right / right, left / left or a right / left, the preferred weave is the plain weave, if necessary with simple derivatives without major floats.
The basic structures of the knitted fabrics or fabrics are preferred in each case.

The density of the back surface is depending on the application for which the material is intended and depending on the titer of the yarns used in the production of fabrics in the range from 10 to 25 threads / cm, preferably from 14 to 20 threads / cm in warp and weft , in the case of knitwear with a corresponding stitch density of approx. 12 to 30 needles / inch, preferably 16 to 24 needles / inch. Within this range, the densities can of course be adapted to the intended application.

Depending on the requirements of the application, at least 20%, preferably 33 to 100%, of the stitches have pile yarns on a knitted fabric back.
For the same reason it can be expedient that not every warp and / or weft thread integrates pile knobs in a backing fabric. As a rule, 20%, preferably 33 to 100%, of the warp and / or weft threads incorporate pile nubs in a backing fabric.
The arrangement of the pole loops can be uniform over the entire surface of the loop pile fabric, or the pole loops can be arranged in different densities, for example, in a repeat pattern. Areas of the loop pile fabric in which the loops have handles can alternate with zones in which there are no handles.
To design areas with different adhesion properties, the mesh of the basic fabric can be combined in a pattern with handles, which is achieved by appropriate jacquard-like needle selection of the knitting machine, or there can be empty rows of handles, ie complete basic rows without handles.
For example, 1 to 5 rows of handles can be followed by one or two rows without handles (cross rib effect). Patterns with a fabric-like character can also be produced in this way. Designs produced in this way have longitudinal and / or transverse and / or diagonal streets.

If there are no special technical requirements for the use of different materials in handle and base yarn, it is preferred to use both polyester filament yarns.

All of the filaments contained in the pile yarn preferably have a melting point which is at least 20 ° C., preferably at least 40 ° C., in particular at least 80 ° C. above the melting point of filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn. If this is not the case for special reasons, it should be ensured when the back of the loop pile fabric according to the invention is consolidated that the heat treatment is limited to the back of the material, for example by contact heating on a heating surface, if hardening of the pile yarn is to be avoided.
For special applications, where stiffening of the pile eyelets is desired, the pile can also consist of the multifilament hybrid yarn described above, possibly in the above-mentioned coarse titers, or the pile yarn described above can contain filaments B as contained in the hybrid yarn , exhibit. When the loop pile fabric is heat treated, the pile is also stiffened in these cases.

Suitable yarns in the titer ranges given above are known, for example, under the trade names ®TREVIRA textured and ®TREVIRA MONOFIL, in various types.

As stated above, the back of the loop pile fabric according to the invention is produced from a multifilament hybrid yarn which has higher-melting (A) and lower-melting filaments (B), the melting points having to have a certain, process-related minimum distance, and the filaments A are textured. These features are necessary but also sufficient to impart the deformability and the ability to thermoset the loop pile fabric according to the invention and the back carrying it.

It applies to filaments A of the multifilament hybrid yarn that they should melt above 180 ° C., preferably above 220 ° C., in particular above 250 ° C. In principle, they can consist of all spinnable materials that meet these requirements. Suitable are therefore both semi-synthetic materials, such as filaments made from regenerated cellulose or cellulose acetate, as well as synthetic filaments, because of their mechanical and chemical properties Properties vary widely, are particularly preferred.
In principle, filaments A can consist of high-performance polymers, such as polymers that deliver filaments with very little initial modulus and very high tensile strength (= fineness-related maximum tensile strength) with little or no stretching, possibly after a heat treatment after the spinning process. Such filaments are described in detail in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th edition (1989), volume A13, pages 1 to 21 and volume 21, pages 449 to 456. They consist, for example, of liquid-crystalline polyesters (LCP), polybenzimidazole (PBI), Polyether ketone (PEK), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether imides (PEI), polyether sulfone (PESU), aramids such as poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA), poly (m-phenylene terephthalamide) (PMTA), or poly (phenylene sulfide) ) (PPS).
In general, however, the use of such high-performance fibers is not necessary and is also not expedient in view of the requirements for the strength of the back material of the loop pile fabric according to the invention.
The filaments A therefore advantageously consist of regenerated or modified cellulose, higher-melting polyamides (PA), such as 6-PA or 6,6-PA, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, modacrylic polymers, polycarbonate, but especially of polyesters. Polyesters are particularly suitable as raw material for filaments A because it is possible to vary the chemical, mechanical and other physical properties relevant to the application, in particular, for example, the melting point, in a relatively simple manner by modifying the polyester chain.

As the polymer material from which the lower melting filaments (B) are made, it is also expedient to consider spinnable polymers such as e.g. Vinyl polymers such as polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene, polybutene, lower melting polyamides such as e.g. 11-PA or alicyclic polyamides (e.g. the product obtainable by condensation of 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane and decanecarboxylic acids), but especially here also modified polyesters with a reduced melting point

The pile yarns largely determine the textile character of the invention Loop pile goods. They can consist of all of the fiber and filament materials commonly used to manufacture the pile of loop pile goods, eg plushes. The pile yarns can consist of spun fibers made of natural fiber materials, such as cotton or wool, or of semi-synthetic fiber materials, or also of synthetic fibers and filaments.
Blends of natural and synthetic fibers can also be present in the pile yarn if this meets the requirements of the end user.
The pile yarns are usually dyed, for example spun-dyed, and yarns of different colors are often processed to achieve certain decorative effects.
For the reasons already mentioned above, the pile yarns are preferably textured.

As already explained above, it is particularly expedient that the higher-melting textured filaments A are polyester filaments, and that it is particularly advantageous if the lower-melting filaments B also consist of modified polyester with a reduced melting point.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pile yarn consists of the same class of polymer as the back yarns. It is particularly preferred that the pile yarn is a polyester yarn.

If the back yarns and the pile yarn consist essentially of the same polymer class, there are considerable advantages in the disposal of the used material. Such a single-product can namely be recycled in a particularly simple manner, e.g. by simply melting and regranulating.

If the polymer material of the back and pole is polyester, there is also the possibility of obtaining valuable raw materials for the renewed production of polyesters from the used products, for example by alcoholysis. Polyesters for the purposes of this invention are also copolyesters which consist of more than one type of dicarboxylic acid residue and / or more than one type of diol residue are built up.

A polyester from which the fiber materials of the loop pile fabric according to the invention are made consists of at least 70 mol%, based on the totality of all polyester assemblies, of assemblies which are derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and from aliphatic diols, and
to a maximum of 30 mol%, based on the totality of all polyester assemblies, from dicarboxylic acid assemblies which are different from the aromatic dicarboxylic acid assemblies which form the majority of the dicarboxylic acid assemblies or from araliphatic dicarboxylic acids with one or more, preferably one or two condensed or uncondensed aromatic nuclei, or derived from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with a total of 4 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms
and diol assemblies, which are derived from branched and / or longer-chain diols having 3 to 10, preferably 3 to 6, C atoms, or of cyclic diols, or of diols containing ether groups, or, if present in small quantities, of polyglycol derive a molecular weight of approx. 500 - 2000.

A¹

aromatische Reste mit 5 bis 12, vorzugsweise 6 bis 10 C-Atomen

A²

von A¹ verschiedene aromatische Reste oder araliphatische Reste mit 5 bis 16, vorzugsweise 6 bis 12 C-Atomen oder aliphatische Reste mit 2 bis 10 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise 4 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen,

A³

aromatische Reste mit 5 bis 12, vorzugsweise 6 bis 10 C-Atomen

D¹

Alkylen- oder Polymethylengruppen mit 2 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Cycloalkan- oder Dimethylen-cycloalkangruppen mit 6 bis 10 C-Atomen,

D²

von D¹ verschiedene Alkylen- oder Polymethylengruppen mit 3 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Cycloalkan- oder Dimethylen-cycloalkangruppen mit 6 bis 10 C-Atomen oder geradkettige oder verzweigte Alkandiyl-Gruppen mit 4 bis 16, vorzugsweise 4 bis 8, C-Atomen oder Reste der Formel -(C₂H₄-O)_m-C₂H₄-, worin m eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 40 bedeutet, wobei m = 1 oder 2 für Anteile bis zu 20 Mol.-% bevorzugt sind und Gruppen mit m = 10 bis 40 vorzugsweise nur in Anteilen von unter 5 Mol.-% vorhanden sind, bedeuten, wobei die Anteile der Grundbausteine I und III und der Modifizierungsbausteine II, IV und V im Rahmen der oben angegebenen Bereiche so gewählt werden, daß sich der gewünschte Schmelzpunkt des Polyesters ergibt.

In detail, the polyester of the core, based on the entirety of all polyester assemblies, is made of
35 to 50 mol% of assemblies of the formula -CO-A ¹ -CO- (I)
0 to 15 mol% of assemblies of the formula -CO-A ² -CO- (II)
35 to 50 mol% of assemblies of the formula -OD ¹ -O- (III)
0 to 15 mol% of assemblies of the formula -OD ² -O- (IV)
and
0 to 25 mol% of assemblies of the formula -OA ³ -CO- (V)
built up in what

A ¹

aromatic radicals with 5 to 12, preferably 6 to 10, carbon atoms

A ²

A ¹ of various aromatic radicals or araliphatic radicals having 5 to 16, preferably 6 to 12 C-atoms or aliphatic radicals having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms,

A ³

aromatic radicals with 5 to 12, preferably 6 to 10, carbon atoms

D ¹

Alkylene or polymethylene groups with 2 to 4 carbon atoms or cycloalkane or dimethylene-cycloalkane groups with 6 to 10 C atoms,

D ²

alkylene or polymethylene groups with 3 to 4 carbon atoms or cycloalkane or dimethylene-cycloalkane groups with 6 to 10 carbon atoms or straight-chain or branched alkanediyl groups with 4 to 16, preferably 4 to 8, carbon atoms or radicals of D ¹ other than D ¹ Formula - (C ₂ H ₄ -O) _m -C ₂ H ₄ -, in which m is an integer from 1 to 40, where m = 1 or 2 are preferred for proportions up to 20 mol% and groups with m = 10 to 40 are preferably present only in proportions of less than 5 mol%, the proportions of the basic building blocks I and III and the modification building blocks II, IV and V being chosen within the scope of the ranges given above so that the desired one Melting point of the polyester results.

The loop pile fabric according to the invention, whose fiber materials consist of such polyesters, in particular of polyethylene terephthalate, are not easily ignited.

worin R Alkylen oder Polymethylen mit 2 bis 6 C-Atomen oder Phenyl und R¹ Alkyl mit 1 bis 6 C-Atomen, Aryl oder Aralkyl bedeutet, einkondensiert enthalten.
Vorzugsweise bedeuten in der Formel VI R Ethylen und R¹ Methyl, Ethyl, Phenyl, oder o-, m- oder p-Methyl-phenyl, insbesondere Methyl.Flame retardancy can be increased by using flame retardant modified polyesters. Such flame-retardant modified polyesters are known. They contain additions of halogen compounds, in particular bromine compounds, or, which is particularly advantageous, they contain phosphorus compounds which are condensed into the polyester chain. Particularly preferred, flame-retardant loop pile articles according to the invention contain yarns made of polyester in the back and / or pile, which assemblies of the formula in the chain

wherein R is alkylene or polymethylene with 2 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl and R ^{1 is} alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl or aralkyl, contained in condensed form.
In the formula VI, R preferably denotes ethylene and R ¹ denotes methyl, ethyl, phenyl, or o-, m- or p-methylphenyl, in particular methyl.

The components of the formula VI are advantageously contained in the polyester chain up to 15 mol%, preferably 1 to 10 mol%.

It is of particular advantage if the polyesters used do not contain more than 60 meq / kg, preferably less than 30 meq / kg, blocked carboxyl end groups and less than 5 meq / kg, preferably less than 2 meq / kg, in particular less than 1.5 meq / kg, has free carboxyl end groups.
The polyester therefore preferably has blocked carboxyl end groups, for example by reaction with mono-, bis- and / or polycarbodiimides.
In a further hydrolysis stability, which also lasts for longer periods of time, the polyester of the core and the polyester of the polyester mixture of the jacket have a maximum of 200 ppm, preferably a maximum of 50 ppm, in particular 0 to 20 ppm, mono- and / or biscarbodiimides and 0, 02 to 0.6 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 0.5 wt .-% free polycarbodiimide with an average molecular weight of 2000 to 15000, preferably from 5000 to 10,000. In addition to the polymer materials, the polyesters of the yarns contained in the pile fabric according to the invention can contain up to 10% by weight of non-polymeric substances, such as modification additives, fillers, matting agents, color pigments, dyes, stabilizers, such as UV absorbers, antioxidants, hydrolysis and light - And contain temperature stabilizers and / or processing aids.

The invention also relates to the solidified loop pile goods described above, that is to say those in which the lower-melting filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn of the textile back form at least partially a matrix which the higher-melting textured filaments of the multifilament hybrid yarn with one another and with the pile yarn in Area of the back plane connects with each other.

A special characteristic of this material is that not only is the back solidified by at least partial matrix formation of filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn of the back, but surprisingly the strength of the binding of the pile yarn in the back is higher than its maximum tensile strength.

Another object of the present invention is a method for producing a loop pile fabric to be thermally strengthened from a textile back made of knitted fabric or fabric and pile yarns which are incorporated in the handle, by weaving, knitting or knitting a fabric, a knitted fabric or a knitted fabric with integrated handles, the result is marked
that
at least 30%, preferably at least 75%, of the yarn fed to the loom, the knitting machine or the knitting machine for forming the textile back surfaces of the loop pile fabric is a multifilament hybrid yarn consisting of at least 2 types A and B of filaments and, if necessary, accompanying filaments C. , in which
the filaments A
are textured and have a melting point above 180 ° C., preferably above 220 ° C., in particular above 250 ° C.
the filaments B
have a melting point below 220 ° C., preferably below 200 ° C., in particular below 180 ° C.,
the melting point of filaments B is at least 20 ° C., preferably at least 40 ° C., in particular at least 80 ° C. below the melting point of filaments A, and
the weight ratio of the filaments A: B is in the range from 20:80 to 80:20, preferably from 40:60 to 60:40 and the multifilament hybrid yarn still contains up to 40% by weight of accompanying filaments C,
and that a multifilament yarn with a total titer of 30 to 200 dtex and single titer of 5 to 25 dtex, and / or monofilaments with a titer of 20 to 70 dtex is fed to the loom, the knitting machine or the knitting machine for forming the pile.

The pile fabric, knitted fabric or knitted fabric obtained can then be subjected to a solidifying heat treatment, which is also an integral part of the process according to the invention, if appropriate, at a temperature at which the lower-melting filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn soften. The solidified loop pile fabric thus produced is also the subject of the present invention.

The temperature of the final heat treatment and the duration of the treatment depend on the desired degree of solidification and the melting point of the filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn.
As a rule, the heat treatment is carried out at 100 to 200 ° C., preferably at 120 to 180 ° C.

In practice, it has proven to be very advantageous to pre-fix the raw fabric of the pile fabric, knitted fabric or knitted fabric produced on the tenter frame by heat treatment at a relatively low temperature, for example by steaming.
This reduces the tendency to roll up the raw material, it becomes more common for the further processing steps, the pole is better integrated (handle stabilization) and thus better withstands mechanical tensile loads. A particular advantage associated with the pre-fixing is that no lamination is required to force the flatness and there is little or no edge waste.

It is therefore preferred that the raw fabric of the pile fabric, knitted fabric or knitted fabric is pre-fixed on the tenter.
Multi-filament hybrid yarns whose filaments B are smooth are preferably used to form the back.

Furthermore, according to the requirements of practical application, the process is controlled so that the basis weight of the loop pile fabric is 80 to 250 g / m ² , preferably 100 to 180 g / m ² , in particular 100 to 150 g / m ² , and the running-in ratio of back yarn is increased Polgarn in the range from 90:10 to 60:50, preferably in the range from 85:15 to 70:30.

Depending on the desired pile density and pattern, the control is carried out such that at least 10%, preferably 33 to 100% of the loops have pile yarns in the case of a knitted fabric, and 10%, preferably 33 to 100%, of the warp and / or weft threads in the case of a back fabric Integrate the pimples.

In the preferred embodiment, the loop pile fabric according to the invention is sorted by type and therefore has the advantages already described above for disposal or recycling. In addition, the present invention provides further advantages, namely the saving of a lamination before further processing, the possibility of stiffening the back to such an extent that it can be compacted so that direct back injection, e.g. with molded foams is possible without the foam breaking through to the pole side. It is particularly advantageous that the loop pile fabric, even when its back is woven, has a very good three-dimensional deformability, which results from the use of the multifilament hybrid yarn described in the manufacture of the back. Due to the very stable handle eyelets that make up the pole, in combination with the good deformability and the optimally adjustable flexibility of the back of the goods, which ensures full-surface support even on complicatedly shaped hooked surfaces of Velcro fasteners, there is an unusually good adhesion of the adhesive surfaces. The very firm integration of the loop pile in the back achieved according to the invention, which, as set out above, even reaches or even exceeds the tensile strength of the pile yarn, leads to the fact that the eyelet surface according to the invention, despite its relatively low basis weight, has a very high Velcro stability, i.e. Adhesive strength of the Velcro fastener, and has excellent resistance to pulling.

The following exemplary embodiments illustrate the production of the multifilament hybrid yarn according to the invention and its use in the production of the loop pile fabric according to the invention.

example 1

Production of the base yarn used for the back:

A hybrid yarn is produced by dubbing a yarn 167 dtex f 32, jet black, textured, made of unmodified polyethylene terephthalate (raw material melting point 265 ° C) (®TREVIRA Type 536) with a yarn 140 dtex f 24 made of isophthalic acid modified polyethylene terephthalate (raw material melting point 110 to 120 ° C) and swirling together in a swirling nozzle operated at an air pressure of 2 bar, the deeply melting yarn remaining essentially smooth.

Example 2

A knitted fabric is produced on a plush machine type MLPX with 20 needles / inch and 26 "cylinder diameter.
Using 40% base yarn according to Example 1 and 39% of a textured polyester yarn ®TREVIRA textur. dtex 167 f 32 Type 556 for the formation of the bottom and 21% of a textured polyester yarn ®TREVIRA textur. dtex 84 f 6, raw white, for the formation of the handles, a loop pile fabric according to the invention is produced.
Binding: 1: 1 short-handled plush 2.5 mm, (hybrid yarn plated with handle yarn), with full intermediate row (only base, without handle).
Raw material setting: 126 g / m ² .
The goods are then washed (wide wash 40 ° C) and dried, fixed and finished on the frame at 160 ° C.
The finished product has a tensile weight of 126 g / m ² .

The use of the multifilament hybrid yarn means that the otherwise usual edge gluing is not necessary, since the goods lie perfectly flat.
It is ideal as an eyelet surface for large, high-strength Velcro fastenings.

Claims (27)

Loop pile fabric made of a textile back made of knitted fabric or fabric and integrated pile yarns incorporated therein, characterized in that
that their textile back consists of a multifilament hybrid yarn of at least 2 types A and B of filaments and possibly accompanying filaments C, whereby
the filaments A
are textured and have a melting point above 180 ° C., preferably above 220 ° C., in particular above 250 ° C.
the filaments B
have a melting point below 220 ° C., preferably below 200 ° C., in particular below 180 ° C.,
the melting point of filaments B is at least 20 ° C., preferably at least 40 ° C., in particular at least 80 ° C. below the melting point of filaments A,
the weight ratio of the filaments A: B is in the range from 20:80 to 80:20, preferably from 40:60 to 60:40 and the multifilament hybrid yarn still contains up to 40% by weight of accompanying filaments C, and that the pile is made of There are loop loops with a handle length of 1 to 4 mm, which are formed from a multifilament yarn with a total titer of 30 to 200 dtex and single titer from 5 to 25 dtex, and / or from monofilaments with a titer of 20 to 70 dtex. Loop pile fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that it is three-dimensionally deformable. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the higher-melting textured filaments A of the multi-parliament hybrid yarn have a crimp of 3 to 50%, preferably 8 to 30%. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that its back can be strengthened by heat treatment. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the filaments A of the multifilament hybrid yarn have a melting point of 220 to 300 ° C, preferably 240-280 ° C. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn have a melting point of 110 to 220 ° C, preferably 150 to 200 ° C. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that there is a thread closure between filaments A and B of the multifilament hybrid yarn and possibly C. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the multifilament hybrid yarn has no accompanying filaments C. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the multifilament hybrid yarn has a total denier of 80 to 500 dtex, preferably 100 to 400 dtex, in particular 160 to 320 dtex, and the higher-melting textured filaments A of the multifilament Hybrid yarns have a single filament titer from 0.5 to 15 dtex, preferably from 2 to 10 dtex, and the lower-melting filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn have a single filament titer from 1 to 20 dtex, preferably from 3 to 15 dtex. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that its weight per unit area is 80 to 250 g / m ² , preferably 100 to 180 g / m ² . Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the weight ratio of textile back to pile yarn in the raw fabric is in the range from 90:10 to 50:50. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the total titer of the pile yarn is 30 to 200 dtex, preferably 76 to 150 dtex. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the single-filament titer of the pile yarn is 5 to 18 dtex. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the pile contains or consists of monofilaments with a titer of 33 to 50 dtex. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that back yarns and pile yarn consist of the same polymer class, preferably of polyesters. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that all the filaments contained in the pile yarn have a melting point which is at least 20 ° C, preferably at least 40 ° C, in particular at least 80 ° C above the melting point of filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn . Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that at least 20%, preferably 33 to 100% of the stitches or the warp and / or weft threads incorporate pile yarns. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the polyester contains at least 70 mol%, based on the totality of all polyester assemblies, from assemblies which differ from one another derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and from aliphatic diols, and to a maximum of 30 mol%, based on the totality of all polyester assemblies, from dicarboxylic acid assemblies which are different from or different from the aromatic dicarboxylic acid assemblies which form the majority of the dicarboxylic acid assemblies araliphatic dicarboxylic acids with one or more, preferably one or two condensed or uncondensed aromatic nuclei, or from cyclic or acyclic aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with a total of 4 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and diol assemblies derived from branched and / or longer-chain diols with 3 to 10, preferably 3 to 6, carbon atoms, or of cyclic diols, or of ether-containing diols, or, if present in small quantities, of polyglycol with a molecular weight of approx. 500 - 2000 deduce exists. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of Claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the polyester contains structural units of the formula VI,

wherein R is alkylene or polymethylene with 2 to 6 carbon atoms or phenyl, preferably ethylene, and R ^{1 is} alkyl with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl or aralkyl, preferably methyl, contained in condensed form. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the back is solidified by at least partial matrix formation of the filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn of the back. Loop pile fabric according to at least one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the strength of the incorporation of the pile yarn in the Back is higher than its maximum tensile strength. A process for producing a loop pile fabric to be thermally strengthened from a textile back made of knitted fabric or fabric and loop-forming pile yarns incorporated therein, by weaving, knitting or knitting a fabric, a knitted fabric or a knitted fabric with integrated handles, characterized in that the loom, the knitting - or the knitting machine for forming the textile back surfaces of the loop pile fabric is at least 30%, preferably at least 75%, a multifilament hybrid yarn consisting of at least 2 types A and B of filaments and optionally accompanying filaments C, where
the filaments A
are textured and have a melting point above 180 ° C., preferably above 220 ° C., in particular above 250 ° C.
the filaments B
have a melting point below 220 ° C., preferably below 200 ° C., in particular below 180 ° C.,
the melting point of filaments B is at least 20 ° C., preferably at least 40 ° C., in particular at least 80 ° C. below the melting point of filaments A, and
the weight ratio of the filaments A: B is in the range from 20:80 to 80:20, preferably from 40:60 to 60:40 and the multifilament hybrid yarn still contains up to 40% by weight of accompanying filaments C,
and that a multifilament yarn with a total titer of 30 to 200 dtex and single titer of 5 to 25 dtex, and / or monofilaments with a titer of 20 to 70 dtex is fed to the loom, the knitting machine or the knitting machine for forming the pile. Process according to Claim 22, characterized in that the pile fabric, knitted fabric or knitted fabric obtained is subjected to a solidifying heat treatment at a temperature at which the lower-melting filaments B of the multifilament hybrid yarn soften. Method according to at least one of claims 22 and 23, characterized in that the heat treatment is carried out at 100 to 200 ° C. Method according to at least one of Claims 22 to 24, characterized in that the raw material of the pile fabric, knitted fabric or knitted fabric produced is pre-fixed on the tenter frame. Method according to at least one of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that no accompanying filaments C are used. Use of the loop pile fabric of claim 1 as the eyelet surface of Velcro fasteners.