EP0728293A1 - Close range dual penetration bullet for hunting - Google Patents

Close range dual penetration bullet for hunting

Info

Publication number
EP0728293A1
EP0728293A1 EP95930577A EP95930577A EP0728293A1 EP 0728293 A1 EP0728293 A1 EP 0728293A1 EP 95930577 A EP95930577 A EP 95930577A EP 95930577 A EP95930577 A EP 95930577A EP 0728293 A1 EP0728293 A1 EP 0728293A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
launcher
projectile
ammunition according
sub
external
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95930577A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0728293B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Sauvestre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0728293A1 publication Critical patent/EP0728293A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0728293B1 publication Critical patent/EP0728293B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
    • F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
    • F42B7/10—Ball or slug shotgun cartridges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/061—Sabots for long rod fin stabilised kinetic energy projectiles, i.e. multisegment sabots attached midway on the projectile

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ammunition for small, medium or large caliber weapons, and more particularly to a new double penetration bullet with reduced range, of the type comprising a sub-projectile associated with a launcher, actuated by a propulsion system.
  • Arrow type ammunition is known in the sports and military fields, and for example, patent FR-A-2,335,818 describes a hunting ammunition comprising a sub-calibrated projectile stabilized by empennage, associated with a hoof launcher.
  • the latter is made of a material capable of fragmenting at the outlet of the barrel of the weapon, and the dispersion of the fragments then represents a risk for the safety of the user.
  • Patent FR-A-2,627,854 relates to a hunting ammunition comprising a projectile constituted by an internal element of which the front and the side walls are covered by an external element in the form of a sleeve.
  • the metallic internal element comprises a neutralizing head, integral with a rear rod on which a hammer mass can slide to increase the neutralizing effect of the projectile upon impact.
  • the external element remains fixed to the internal element over the entire trajectory of the projectile; he cannot be seated i- lé a launcher such as that used in arrow balls and can not provide the same benefits.
  • projectiles of this type have the disadvantage of having a strong aerodynamic drag and a sensitivity to cross wind. They also have a certain propensity for ricochets on obstacles such as tree trunks.
  • the sub-projectile comprises: - a body of hard material, associated with an energetic element of revolution comprising a central nozzle before communicating with at least two annular nozzles channeling the flow of air.
  • the energetic element forms the front part of the sub-projectile, and it is preferably made up of a hollow exterior element and a solid interior element, interconnected by blades, the inner member being of smaller diameter and disposed behind the outer member.
  • the external energy element forms with the conical head of the body of the sub-projectile, a central nozzle communicating with the annular nozzles, formed in the energy element of revolution, around the conical head.
  • the energy element can be produced in accordance with the invention so that the external diameter of its external element is approximately the size of the weapon.
  • the launcher is placed on the sub- projectile, behind the external energy element.
  • the internal diameter of the external energy element in the form of a nozzle can be greater, equal, or less than the external diameter of the internal energy element.
  • the energetic element of revolution can be separable from the body on which it is mounted, but according to a variant, the body and the energetic element can be produced in a single homogeneous piece, in the same material.
  • the energy element can be made so as to be fragmentable upon impact on the target. This effect can be obtained by using a material having an appropriate impact resistance, and in this case the body of the sub-projectile and the energy element are made of two different materials and are assembled during manufacture.
  • the seal between the launcher and the barrel of the weapon can be ensured, in accordance with the invention, by means of an annular lip formed on the periphery of the rear face of the launcher, or of at least one element of the launcher. , so that this annular lip is pressed against the wall of the tube by the pressure of the gases after firing the charge.
  • the ammunition according to the present invention has many advantages over known ammunition of the same field of application. More particularly, it makes it possible: to generate wounds in the soft parts of the game by fragmentation of the energy element according to a more or less open cone of shards; rapid penetration of the arrow, formed by the body and the inner energetic element, to attack the hard parts of the skeleton of the game and to create a large shock wave; a reduced range of the ball, the reduction of the range being predetermined and possibly associated with destabilization of said ball.
  • This result can be obtained in a known manner by an internal aerodynamic effect; rapid separation of the launcher also based on an internal aerodynamic effect; that the monoblock launcher remains in the shooting plan after the separation of the ball;
  • Figure 1 a schematic section of a complete cartridge according to the present invention, comprising a complete bullet, consisting of a bare bullet and a launcher, and a primed cartridge and a propellant charge.
  • Figure 2 a longitudinal section of the bare ball of Figure l.
  • Figure 3 a front view of a simple variant of the bare ball of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 a section of the launcher associated with the bare ball shown in Figure 1.
  • FIGS 5-8 variant embodiments in accordance with the present invention.
  • the cartridge (C) includes the bare bullet (2), the launcher (3), as well as the primed cartridge (D) containing a propellant charge, constituted here by a powder (P) of conventional type .
  • the bare ball (2) shown in more detail in FIG. 2, essentially comprises two elements: the body (4), made of hard material (for example brass) comprising a conical head (5), a core (7), a thrust plate (11), and a tail (18) serving to stabilize the projectile on its trajectory; an energetic element of revolution (25) consisting of an inner element (10) and an outer element (26) interconnected by vanes (27), thus forming annular nozzles (6) around the conical head ( 5), the inner element (10), of smaller diameter, being set back and behind the outer element (26).
  • the body (4) made of hard material (for example brass) comprising a conical head (5), a core (7), a thrust plate (11), and a tail (18) serving to stabilize the projectile on its trajectory
  • an energetic element of revolution (25) consisting of an inner element (10) and an outer element (26) interconnected by vanes (27), thus forming annular nozzles (6) around the conical head ( 5), the inner element (10), of smaller diameter, being set back and
  • FIG. 3 The shape of the annular nozzles (6) delimited by the blades (27) appears more clearly in FIG. 3, shown as a bare ball comprising an external element (26) of cylindrical shape and four annular nozzles.
  • the conical head (5) of the body (4) of the bare ball (2) is designed in accordance with the present invention to perform several functions, and more particularly to promote the flow of air through the annular nozzles (6) , allow a good catch of the ball on the targets encountered very, and penetrate the matter with a very important neutralizing power.
  • the core (7) is provided with teeth (8) cooperating with the circular grooves (9) of the interior energy element (10).
  • the thrust plate (11) ensures a - the holding of the internal energy element (10) at the interface (12) during the propulsion phase of the naked ball (2), as well as during the penetration phase in the target; b - the gas-tightness between the launcher (3) and the body (4) thanks to the seal (13) made of deformable material cooperating with the groove (14); c - guiding the launcher (3) through its cylindrical outer part (15); d - the thrust of the central part of the naked ball (2) [body (4) + internal energy element (10)] thanks to the cooperation of the rear part of the launcher (3) and the rear face (16) it -even including a shoulder (17) to allow better guidance of the launcher (3).
  • the tail (18) is used to stabilize the bare ball (2) on its trajectory. It is made either in the same material as the body (4), that is to say preferably brass, or in a material of technopolymer type.
  • the fin is constituted in a conventional manner and is made up of: a - fins (19), the number and shape of which are linked to the conditions of flight of the bare ball (2), according to a usual technique. In general, it is preferable that the tail has four fins. Each fin has a trailing edge chamfer (20) to allow the bare ball (2) to turn slightly on its trajectory.
  • the front (21) of the fins (19) can be nested in corresponding grooves made in the launcher (3) thus allowing angular locking of the naked ball (2) with the launcher (3).
  • the outside diameter (a) of the fins (19) is preferably slightly smaller than the outside diameter (b) of the inside energy element (10) which is itself equal to the outside diameter of the thrust plate (11); b - a tail body (23) also serving as a guide for the launcher (3) at the interface (24).
  • the energy element (25) is made of a dense material, for example lead, but any other metallic material of high density may be suitable, and for example a metal alloy of suitable density or a mixed organic organic alloy .
  • the two elements (10) and (26) of the energy element (25) are interconnected by the blades (27), the number of which is a function of the flight characteristics, of the mechanical behavior of the complete ball (1) during the propulsion phase, as well as the behavior of the naked bullet (2) during penetration into the target.
  • the number of blades is generally between 2 and 8 and is preferably equal to 4. These blades have, in their outer part, a recess (28) cooperating with the internal part (29) of the launcher (3), the latter thus being guided in its front part.
  • the external energy element (26) has on its external part circular parts (30) as well as grooves (31).
  • the circular parts (30) have a diameter (c) less than or at most equal to the outside diameter of the launcher (3), than the number and the width of said ranges. are as small as possible, and that the grooves (31) have a diameter (d) less than the outlet diameter of a "full choke" weapon tube.
  • the front face (32) of the external element (26) has the smallest possible surface.
  • the latter is condi ⁇ tioned by the importance of the inner chamfer (33) which has the other function of promoting on the one hand the penetration of air into the central nozzle (34) and on the other hand the fragmen ⁇ tion in open cone at the start of penetration of the naked bullet (2) into the target by bursting of the element (26).
  • the rear face (35) of the external element (26) combines with the front face (36) of the launcher (3) to ensure the mechanical strength of the external energy element (26) during the propulsion phase of the complete ball (1).
  • the internal part (37) of the external element (26) defines the nozzle central (34) cylindrical-conical shape cooperating with the annular nozzles (6) of a number equal to the number of blades (27).
  • the internal diameter (e) of the rear part of the central nozzle (34) is greater than or at least equal to the external diameter (b) of the internal energy element (10) and that of the thrust plate (11 ).
  • this central nozzle (34) can be of simply cylindrical shape, of constant internal diameter from the front to the rear.
  • the shape of the annular nozzles (6) has curvilinear contours.
  • the precise dimensioning of the nozzles (34) and (6) is determined by the usual methods of the technique as a function of the flight characteristics which it is desired to obtain, the characteristics of penetration into the target as well as the mechanical strength of the energy element (25) during the launch phase of the complete ball.
  • the nozzles can be of any geometrical shape, and for example square, triangular, round, oblong, or conical.
  • the internal energy element (10) has an external diameter (b) less than or at most equal to the internal diameter (e) of the rear part of the central nozzle (34). It has on its inner face circular grooves (9) cooperating with the teeth (8) of the core (7). Its front face (38) comprises a conical part (39) forming the inner part of the annular nozzles (6) in continuity with the conical head (5) of the body (4) of the bare bullet (2). Its rear face conjugates with the front face of the thrust plate (11) at the interface (12).
  • the body (4) associated with the interior energy element (10) composes the arrow (40) of the naked ball (2).
  • the arrow (40) is directed along its entire path to the target by the external energy element (26).
  • the launcher (3) shown in Figure 4, is made of low density material and great flexibility (for example a technopolymer such as a polyamide).
  • the launcher (3) is in one piece and can slide freely until it comes into contact with the external element (26), the recess of the blade (27) and the thrust plate (11). It has on its outer part of the teeth (41) of small width for guiding the complete bullet (1) in the barrel of the weapon.
  • Decompression grooves (42) ensure good sealing against propellant gases, sealing also largely ensured by the lip (43) by plating the latter against the wall of the barrel of the weapon under the effect of pressure.
  • This organization allows firing in all "Full-Chokes" tubes without degrading the ballistic dispersion of the naked bullet (2) and also increases the longevity of the weapons.
  • the front face (36) of the launcher (3) cooperates with the rear face (35) of the external energy element (26) in order to essentially assu ⁇ er the mechanical strength of the element (26) during the propulsion phase of the full bale (1).
  • the inner part of the launcher (3) comprises on its front part a recess (29) which combines with the corresponding recess (28) of the blades (27) and thus allowing the front guidance of the launcher (3).
  • This launcher (3) has a bore (44) whose internal diameter (f) is greater than that (b) of the internal energetic element (10) (play of a few tenths of a millimeter), and a bore (45 ) cooperating with the outer part (15) of the thrust plate (11), which allows part of the rear guide of the launcher (3) to be ensured.
  • the recess (46) cooperates with the rear face (16) and the shoulder (17) of the thrust plate (11) thereby also providing part of the rear guide for the launcher (3), and the mechanical strength of the assembly during the propulsion phase.
  • the bores (44) and (45) are connected by the conical part (62).
  • the bore (47) cooperates with the tail body (23) and thus makes it possible to perfect the rear guide of the launcher (3).
  • the grooves (22), of a number equal to the number of fins (19) of the tail (18), ensure, by cooperation with the front part (21) of the fins (19), the angular locking of the ball bare (2) with the launcher (3), the bottom diameter (g) of grooves being slightly greater than the outside diameter (a) of the fins (19).
  • the bushing of the bushing is carried out by means of the external energy element (26).
  • the naked ball (2) and the launcher (3) are intimately linked.
  • the launcher (3) slides on the bare ball (2) thanks to the difference in aerodynamic drag by friction on the bare ball (2) and on the launcher (3), and at the air pressure generated in the central nozzle (34) and in the annular nozzles (6) and acting essentially on the recess (29) of the launcher.
  • the bare ball sliding zones (2) - launcher (3) - have different dimensions, the last point of contact having to be made in front of the center of gravity of the bare ball (2) and as close as possible to the latter. This arrangement partially compensates for the small disturbances linked to the separation between the pitcher (3) and the bare ball (2).
  • the one-piece launcher (3) thus released remains in the firing plane until it falls to the ground observed at an average distance of 30 to 40 meters from the shooter. It thus gives all the security to the shooting vis-à-vis other hunters for example.
  • This aerodynamic blockage is characterized by a large increase in aerodynamic drag of up to a factor of 2, thus leading to a shorter range for the naked ball (2). Furthermore, this aerodynamic blocking generates the displacement of the center of the aerodynamic forces applied to the bare ball (2) towards the center of gravity of said ball. Reducing this distance can lead to complete destabilization of the ball at a given distance. This pheno leads, associated with a strong aerodynamic drag allows to obtain very short spans.
  • the aggression mechanism takes place in two phases: In a 1st phase, the external energy element (26) first strikes the target by its front face (32) with the total energy of the naked ball (2). At this precise moment three phenomena appear chronologically: a - a first neutralizing effect thanks to the surface kinetic energy (1/2 mV 2 : annular cross section of the external energy element (26)) very high thus allowing to generate a large shock wave with dilation. b - a second neutralizing effect by the fragmenting of the external energetic element (26) in an open burst cone. c - release of the arrow (40). The latter, very sub-calibrated with respect to the external energy element (26) is not disturbed by the fragmentation of said element.
  • the arrow (40) In a 2nd phase, the arrow (40), the release of which practically absorbed no energy, thus strikes the target with the total energy of the naked ball (2).
  • the target having become less hard due to the work produced by the external energetic element (26) during the 1st phase, the arrow (40) can easily enter the target with its total energy. Thanks in part to the internal energy element (10), the neutralizing power of shredding, inhibition and rupture of hard parts is exceptional.
  • the surface kinetic energy of the arrow (40) (1/2 mV 2 : maximum cross section of the arrow body) is exceptionally high. This two-phase aggression mechanism makes it possible to obtain very high surface kinetic energies of the external energy element (26) and of the arrow (40).
  • the present invention also makes it possible to very easily control the value of the surface kinetic energies to be imposed on the external energy element (26) and on the arrow (40).
  • EXAMPLE 2 This example describes a launcher made of several contiguous elements.
  • the bare bullet (2) can be fired with a launcher in several contiguous elements as shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 5 depicts a complete ball with such a launcher composed of two elements (49). The latter cooperate with the bare ball (2) by means of teeth and circular grooves (50).
  • the elements (49) of the launcher detach from the naked ball (2) which, released, hits the target.
  • the elements (49) fall at an average distance of 30 meters with a maximum deviation of 7 meters from the firing plane.
  • the launcher (3) has a centering (48) combined with the outer edge of the circular parts (30) of the outer energy element (26).
  • the launcher (3) is therefore increased by the height of the element (26).
  • the crimping of the sleeve is done on the front face (36) of the launcher (3).
  • a latch (51) is placed in front of one of the circular parts (30) of the element (26) and is wedged between the sleeve and the circular groove (31) of the element (26). This lock being free longitudinally, it is therefore released outside from the outlet of the tube. It can thus come out of its housing and release the bare ball (2).
  • EXAMPLE 4 The present invention can also be applied to the firing of bullets in heavily scratched tubes, as shown by the bullet shown in FIG. 8.
  • the bare ball (2) according to the present invention is stabilized by tail. Only a very slight rotation on the trajectory is authorized thanks to the chamfers (20) formed on the trailing edge of the fins (19). To keep this stabilization mode, it is necessary to overcome the rotational speed given by a heavily scratched tube.
  • Figure 8 describes an exemplary embodiment corresponding to these conditions.
  • the launcher (3) is divided into two elements along a cross section: the front element (52) and the rear element (53).
  • the front element (52) is in one piece and of revolution. It no longer has circular parts and external decompression grooves. Its outside diameter (54) is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the striped tube (55). An external chamfer (56) is made at the front of this element to allow a good insertion of the cartridge.
  • the element (52) can slide freely on the bare ball (2).
  • the rear element (53) is also monobloc and of revolution. Its outside diameter (h) is very slightly greater than the diameter (i) of the strip bottom of the tube (55). Its internal diameter (k) is greater (by a few tenths of a millimeter) than the diameter (j) of the thrust plate (11). It also has on its outer part a crimping groove (57) in which the collar of the metal sleeve (60) is nested by deformation.
  • a chamfer (58) is also made to allow good taking of scratches of said element (53).
  • a grain (59) with a low coefficient of friction is interposed between the two elements (52) and (53).
  • the element (53) thus takes up the striping of the tube (55) and rotates at the speed allowed by this striping. In his movement, he drives the bare ball (2) and the element (52) in slight rotation by friction only. At the outlet of the tube, the element (53) is broken by centrifugation, leaving the possibility for the element (52) to release the bare ball (2) by sliding.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/FR95/01170 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 27, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 27, 1996 PCT Filed Sep. 13, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO96/08689 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 21, 1996The invention relates to munitions for weapons of small, medium or large caliber. The munitions include a subprojectile combined with a launcher which fills the bore of the weapon and which detaches under the effect of the aerodynamic forces on leaving the weapon, the assembly being incorporated into a cartridge which furthermore comprises a primed case and a propellent charge. The subprojectile includes a body made of hard material, combined with an axisymmetric element including a front central nozzle communicating with at least two annular nozzles to channel the airflow.

Description

Balle de chasse à double pénétration et à portée réduite. Hunting ball with double penetration and reduced range.
La présente invention concerne les munitions pour armes de petit, moyen ou gros calibre, et plus particulièrement une nouvelle balle à double pénétration et à portée réduite, du type comportant un sous-projectile associé à un lanceur, actionné par un système propulsif.The present invention relates to ammunition for small, medium or large caliber weapons, and more particularly to a new double penetration bullet with reduced range, of the type comprising a sub-projectile associated with a launcher, actuated by a propulsion system.
Les munitions de type flèche sont connues dans les domai¬ nes sportif et militaire, et par exemple, le brevet FR-A- 2.335.818 décrit une munition de chasse comportant un projec¬ tile sous-calibré stabilisé par empennage, associé à un sabot lanceur. Ce dernier est réalisé en un matériau susceptible de se fragmenter à la sortie du tube de l'arme, et la dispersion des fragments représente alors un risque pour la sécurité de l'utilisateur.Arrow type ammunition is known in the sports and military fields, and for example, patent FR-A-2,335,818 describes a hunting ammunition comprising a sub-calibrated projectile stabilized by empennage, associated with a hoof launcher. The latter is made of a material capable of fragmenting at the outlet of the barrel of the weapon, and the dispersion of the fragments then represents a risk for the safety of the user.
Le brevet FR-A-2.555.728 décrit une munition du même type, c'est-à-dire comportant un sous-projectile stabilisé par empen¬ nage, associé à un lanceur détachable qui a pour effet d'assu¬ rer le guidage et l'étanchéité pendant le trajet dans le tube de l'arme. Le sous-projectile présente une forme effilée, et est réalisé en un matériau de forte densité, lui conférant une énergie surfacique importante lors de l'impact. Cette caracté¬ ristique présente cependant 1 ' inconvénient de ne causer souvent que de légères blessures au gibier, le sous-projectile pouvant en effet traverser les chairs molles du gibier sans rencontrer de partie dure. En outre, le projectile peut être entraîné à une distance importante si la cible est anquée, en raison de sa bonne stabilité de trajectoire, et il peut alors constituer un danger pour les personnes se trouvant à proximité. Le brevet FR-A-2.627.854 concerne une munition de chasse comportant un projectile constitué par un élément interne dont 1 'avant et les parois latérales sont recouverts par un élément externe en forme de manchon. L'élément interne métallique comporte une tête à forme neutralisante, solidaire d'une tige arrière sur laquelle peut coulisser une masse marteau pour augmenter l'effet neutralisant du projectile lors de l'impact. Cependant, l'élément externe reste fixé à l'élément interne sur toute la trajectoire du projectile; il ne peut pas être assi i- lé à un lanceur tel que celui utilisé dans les balles flèches et ne peut procurer les mêmes avantages.Patent FR-A-2,555,728 describes ammunition of the same type, that is to say comprising a sub-projectile stabilized by empen¬ swimming, associated with a detachable launcher which has the effect of assu¬ raging the guidance and sealing during the journey in the barrel of the weapon. The sub-projectile has a tapered shape, and is made of a high density material, giving it a high surface energy during impact. This characteristic however has the disadvantage of often only causing slight injuries to game, the sub-projectile being able in fact to pass through the soft flesh of game without encountering any hard part. In addition, the projectile can be driven at a great distance if the target is anked, due to its good trajectory stability, and it can then constitute a danger for people nearby. Patent FR-A-2,627,854 relates to a hunting ammunition comprising a projectile constituted by an internal element of which the front and the side walls are covered by an external element in the form of a sleeve. The metallic internal element comprises a neutralizing head, integral with a rear rod on which a hammer mass can slide to increase the neutralizing effect of the projectile upon impact. However, the external element remains fixed to the internal element over the entire trajectory of the projectile; he cannot be seated i- lé a launcher such as that used in arrow balls and can not provide the same benefits.
De plus, les projectiles de ce type ont pour inconvénient de présenter une forte traînée aérodynamique et une sensibilité au vent transversal. Ils ont aussi une certaine propension aux ricochets sur les obstacles tels que les troncs d'arbres.In addition, projectiles of this type have the disadvantage of having a strong aerodynamic drag and a sensitivity to cross wind. They also have a certain propensity for ricochets on obstacles such as tree trunks.
La présente invention a pour objet une munition du type flèche, comportant un sous-projectile associé à un lanceur au calibre de l'arme se détachant sous l'effet des forces aérody- namiques à la sortie du tube de l'arme. L'ensemble constitué par le sous-projectile (ou balle nue) et le lanceur se trouve inclus dans une cartouche comprenant en outre une douille amor¬ cée et une charge propulsive. Cette munition possède des carac¬ téristiques lui permettant d'éviter les inconvénients des projectiles connus précités, et elle peut être utilisée notam¬ ment dans les armes de chasse ainsi que les armes d'entraîne¬ ment militaires.The present invention relates to a munition of the arrow type, comprising a sub-projectile associated with a launcher with the caliber of the weapon detaching under the effect of aerodynamic forces at the exit of the barrel of the weapon. The assembly constituted by the sub-projectile (or naked bullet) and the launcher is included in a cartridge further comprising a primed cartridge and a propellant charge. This ammunition has characteristics allowing it to avoid the drawbacks of the aforementioned known projectiles, and it can be used in particular in hunting weapons as well as military training weapons.
Suivant une caractéristique de l'invention, le sous- projectile comprend: - un corps en matériau dur, associé à un élément énergétique de révolution comportant une tuyère centrale avant communiquant avec au moins deux tuyères annulaires canalisant l'écoulement de l'air.According to a characteristic of the invention, the sub-projectile comprises: - a body of hard material, associated with an energetic element of revolution comprising a central nozzle before communicating with at least two annular nozzles channeling the flow of air.
Conformément à la présente invention, l'élément énergéti- que forme la partie avant du sous-projectile, et il est consti¬ tué de préférence d'un élément extérieur creux et d'un élément intérieur plein, reliés entre eux par des aubes, l'élément intérieur étant de plus petit diamètre et disposé en arrière de l'élément extérieur. Suivant une forme préférentielle de réalisation, l'élément énergétique extérieur forme avec la tête conique du corps du sous-projectile, une tuyère centrale communiquant avec les tuyères annulaires, formées dans l'élément énergétique de révo¬ lution, autour de la tête conique. L'élément énergétique peut être réalisé conformément à l'invention de telle sorte que le diamètre extérieur de son élément extérieur soit sensiblement au calibre de l'arme. Dans cette forme de réalisation, le lanceur est placé sur le sous- projectile, en arrière de l'élément énergétique extérieur. Suivant une variante, l'élément énergétique extérieur peut être lui aussi sous-calibré, mais son diamètre extérieur reste supé¬ rieur à celui du corps du sous projectile. Dans cette variante de réalisation, la forme du lanceur est adaptée de manière à recouvrir entièrement le sous-projectile, c'est-à-dire le corps et l'élément énergétique de révolution.In accordance with the present invention, the energetic element forms the front part of the sub-projectile, and it is preferably made up of a hollow exterior element and a solid interior element, interconnected by blades, the inner member being of smaller diameter and disposed behind the outer member. According to a preferred embodiment, the external energy element forms with the conical head of the body of the sub-projectile, a central nozzle communicating with the annular nozzles, formed in the energy element of revolution, around the conical head. The energy element can be produced in accordance with the invention so that the external diameter of its external element is approximately the size of the weapon. In this embodiment, the launcher is placed on the sub- projectile, behind the external energy element. According to a variant, the external energy element can also be sub-calibrated, but its external diameter remains greater than that of the body of the sub-projectile. In this variant embodiment, the shape of the launcher is adapted so as to entirely cover the sub-projectile, that is to say the body and the energetic element of revolution.
Le diamètre intérieur de l'élément énergétique extérieur en forme de tuyère peut être supérieur, égal, ou inférieur au diamètre extérieur de l'élément énergétique intérieur.The internal diameter of the external energy element in the form of a nozzle can be greater, equal, or less than the external diameter of the internal energy element.
L'élément énergétique de révolution peut être séparable du corps sur lequel il est monté, mais suivant une variante, le corps et l'élément énergétique peuvent être réalisés en une seule pièce homogène, dans le même matériau. De plus, l'élément énergétique peut être réalisé de manière à être fragmentable lors de l'impact sur la cible. Cet effet peut être obtenu en utilisant un matériau présentant une résistance au choc appropriée, et dans ce cas le corps du sous- projectile et l'élément énergétique sont réalisés en deux maté- riaux différents et sont assemblés lors de la fabrication. Par exemple, on peut prévoir que l'élément énergétique de révolu¬ tion soit réalisé en un matériau de moindre résistance au choc que le corps du sous-projectile, réalisé en matériau dur. Il est également possible de prévoir des amorces de rupture dans l'élément énergétique, par exemple au niveau du raccordement entre l'élément extérieur et l'élément intérieur, et de préfé¬ rence à la base des aubes séparant les tuyères annulaires ou dans l'épaisseur de la tuyère centrale. Dans cette forme de réalisation, le corps du sous-projectile et l'élément énergéti- que de révolution peuvent être fabriqués en une seule et même pièce.The energetic element of revolution can be separable from the body on which it is mounted, but according to a variant, the body and the energetic element can be produced in a single homogeneous piece, in the same material. In addition, the energy element can be made so as to be fragmentable upon impact on the target. This effect can be obtained by using a material having an appropriate impact resistance, and in this case the body of the sub-projectile and the energy element are made of two different materials and are assembled during manufacture. For example, provision can be made for the energetic element of revolution to be made of a material of lower impact resistance than the body of the sub-projectile, made of hard material. It is also possible to provide incipient fractures in the energy element, for example at the connection between the external element and the internal element, and preferably at the base of the blades separating the annular nozzles or in the thickness of the central nozzle. In this embodiment, the body of the sub-projectile and the energy element of revolution can be produced in one and the same piece.
D'autre part, il est avantageux conformément à l'inven¬ tion, que la face avant de l'élément énergétique de révolution présente un chanfrein intérieur. Suivant une autre forme avan- tageuse de réalisation, la surface interne de l'élément énergé¬ tique de révolution possède une forme tronconique suivant laquelle le diamètre intérieur de sa partie avant est légère¬ ment supérieur au diamètre intérieur de sa partie arrière. Une balle complète (projectile) conforme à l'invention est composée des deux éléments essentiels constitués par la balle nue (sous-projectile) , et le lanceur.On the other hand, it is advantageous, in accordance with the invention, for the front face of the energetic element of revolution to have an internal chamfer. According to another advantageous embodiment, the internal surface of the energetic element of revolution has a frustoconical shape according to which the internal diameter of its front part is slightly greater than the internal diameter of its rear part. A complete bullet (projectile) according to the invention is composed of the two essential elements constituted by the bare bullet (sub-projectile), and the launcher.
Le lanceur peut être réalisé suivant les techniques connues, et il peut être en un seul élément monobloc ou en plusieurs éléments jointifs longitudinalement. Il peut aussi être partagé en au moins deux éléments monoblocs séparés trans¬ versalement. Conformément à l'invention, il peut être avanta¬ geux que le lanceur comporte une face arrière présentant une découpe de forme correspondant à l'empenne du sous-projectile. Un joint d'étanchéité peut être prévu entre le corps de la balle (sous-projectile) et le lanceur, et de préférence un joint annulaire d'étanchéité est mis en place sur une plaque de poussée située entre la tête et l'empenne du corps de la balle, afin d'assurer l'étancheité aux gaz de propulsion après mise à feu de la charge.The launcher can be produced according to known techniques, and it can be in a single monobloc element or in several longitudinally contiguous elements. It can also be divided into at least two separate monoblock elements transversely. According to the invention, it may be advantageous for the launcher to have a rear face having a shape cut corresponding to the tail of the sub-projectile. A seal may be provided between the body of the bullet (sub-projectile) and the launcher, and preferably an annular seal is placed on a thrust plate located between the head and the tail of the body of the bullet, in order to ensure propellant gas tightness after ignition of the charge.
L'étancheité entre le lanceur et le tube de l'arme peut être assurée, conformément à l'invention, au moyen d'une lèvre annulaire formée sur la périphérie de la face arrière du lanceur, ou d'au moins un élément du lanceur, de telle sorte que cette lèvre annulaire se trouve plaquée contre la paroi du tube par la pression des gaz après mise à feu de la charge.The seal between the launcher and the barrel of the weapon can be ensured, in accordance with the invention, by means of an annular lip formed on the periphery of the rear face of the launcher, or of at least one element of the launcher. , so that this annular lip is pressed against the wall of the tube by the pressure of the gases after firing the charge.
La munition conforme à la présente invention présente de nombreux avantages par rapport aux munitions connues du même domaine d'application. Plus particulièrement, elle permet : de générer des blessures dans les parties molles du gibier par fragmentation de l'élément énergétique suivant un cône d'éclats plus ou moins ouvert; une pénétration rapide de la flèche, constituée par le corps et l'élément énergétique intérieur, pour agresser les parties dures du squelette du gibier et pour créer une onde de choc importante; une portée réduite de la balle, la réduction de la portée étant prédéterminée et associée éventuellement à une déstabilisation de ladite balle. Ce résultat peut être obtenu de manière connue par un effet aérodynamique interne; une séparation rapide du lanceur basée également sur un effet aérodynamique interne; que le lanceur monobloc reste dans le plan de tir après la séparation de la balle;The ammunition according to the present invention has many advantages over known ammunition of the same field of application. More particularly, it makes it possible: to generate wounds in the soft parts of the game by fragmentation of the energy element according to a more or less open cone of shards; rapid penetration of the arrow, formed by the body and the inner energetic element, to attack the hard parts of the skeleton of the game and to create a large shock wave; a reduced range of the ball, the reduction of the range being predetermined and possibly associated with destabilization of said ball. This result can be obtained in a known manner by an internal aerodynamic effect; rapid separation of the launcher also based on an internal aerodynamic effect; that the monoblock launcher remains in the shooting plan after the separation of the ball;
- une faible propension aux ricochets de la balle; une dispersion balistique améliorée; - de réduire la masse de plomb mise en jeu; le tir dans toutes les armes lisses de type "full- choke", faiblement rayées et fortement rayées; l'utilisation de la même balle pour différents cali¬ bres (par exemple calibres 12, 16, 20, etc) . Les essais effectués avec des balles réalisées conformé¬ ment à la présente invention, en comparaison avec des balles connues, ont mis en évidence les excellents résultats procurés par l'invention.- a low propensity for ricochets of the ball; improved ballistic dispersion; - reduce the lead mass involved; firing in all smooth full-choke, weakly rifled and heavily rifled weapons; the use of the same bullet for different cali¬ ber (for example calibers 12, 16, 20, etc.). The tests carried out with balls produced in accordance with the present invention, in comparison with known balls, have demonstrated the excellent results obtained by the invention.
En effet, lorsque l'on compare la trajectoire d'une balle sans tuyère (portée a) avec celle d'une balle avec freinage aérodynamique seulement, balle tirée dans les mêmes conditions (portée b) , et avec celle d'une balle conforme à l'invention, avec freinage par bouchage aérodynamique et déstabilisation sur la trajectoire (portée c) on constate la relation c < b < a, c'est-à-dire que la portée est nettement limitée dans le cas de 1 •invention.Indeed, when we compare the trajectory of a ball without nozzle (range a) with that of a ball with aerodynamic braking only, ball drawn under the same conditions (range b), and with that of a conforming ball to the invention, with braking by aerodynamic blockage and destabilization on the trajectory (range c) there is the relationship c <b <a, that is to say that the range is clearly limited in the case of 1 • invention.
L'avantage constitué par le freinage et la déstabilisa¬ tion, associés à la portée réduite, est particulièrement utile dans le cas des munitions d'entraînement, tandis que la double pénétration de l'élément énergétique et de la flèche constitue un avantage important dans le cas des munitions de chasse. En outre, les énergies cinétiques surfaciques de ces deux éléments sont très élevées, conformément à l'invention, comme indiqué ci-après. Les caractéristiques et avantages de 1 'invention apparaî¬ tront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante, en référence aux dessins annexés, relatifs à des formes préfé¬ rentielles de réalisation, qui représentent :The advantage constituted by braking and destabilization, associated with the reduced range, is particularly useful in the case of training ammunition, while the double penetration of the energy element and of the arrow constitutes an important advantage in the case of hunting ammunition. In addition, the surface kinetic energies of these two elements are very high, in accordance with the invention, as indicated below. The characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, relating to preferred embodiments, which represent:
Figure 1 : une coupe schématique d'une cartouche complète conforme à la présente invention, comprenant une balle complète, constituée par une balle nue et un lanceur, et une douille amorcée ainsi qu'une charge propulsive. Figure 2 : une coupe longitudinale de la balle nue de la Figure l.Figure 1: a schematic section of a complete cartridge according to the present invention, comprising a complete bullet, consisting of a bare bullet and a launcher, and a primed cartridge and a propellant charge. Figure 2: a longitudinal section of the bare ball of Figure l.
Figure 3 : une vue de face d'une variante simple de la balle nue de la Figure 2. Figure 4 : une coupe du lanceur associé à la balle nue représentée sur la Figure 1.Figure 3: a front view of a simple variant of the bare ball of Figure 2. Figure 4: a section of the launcher associated with the bare ball shown in Figure 1.
Figures 5-8 : des variantes de réalisations conformes à la présente invention.Figures 5-8: variant embodiments in accordance with the present invention.
Ces exemples de réalisation se rapportent tous à des muni- tions de chasse ou de petit calibre, mais il est clair que l'invention peut être adaptée aux munitions d'entraînement sans sortir du cadre de la présente description.These exemplary embodiments all relate to hunting or small caliber ammunition, but it is clear that the invention can be adapted to training ammunition without departing from the scope of the present description.
Comme le montre la Figure 1, la cartouche (C) comprend la balle nue (2) , le lanceur (3), ainsi que la douille amorcée (D) contenant une charge propulsive, constituée ici par une poudre (P) de type classique.As shown in Figure 1, the cartridge (C) includes the bare bullet (2), the launcher (3), as well as the primed cartridge (D) containing a propellant charge, constituted here by a powder (P) of conventional type .
La balle nue (2) , représentée plus en détail sur la Figure 2, comporte essentiellement deux éléments : le corps (4) , en matériau dur (par exemple en laiton) comportant une tête conique (5), un noyau (7), une plaque de poussée (11) , et une empenne (18) servant à stabiliser le projectile sur sa trajectoire; un élément énergétique de révolution (25) constitué d'un élément intérieur (10) et d'un élément extérieur (26) reliés entre eux par des aubes (27) , formant ainsi des tuyères annulaires (6) autour de la tête conique (5), l'élément inté¬ rieur (10) , de plus petit diamètre, se trouvant en retrait et en arrière de l'élément extérieur (26) .The bare ball (2), shown in more detail in FIG. 2, essentially comprises two elements: the body (4), made of hard material (for example brass) comprising a conical head (5), a core (7), a thrust plate (11), and a tail (18) serving to stabilize the projectile on its trajectory; an energetic element of revolution (25) consisting of an inner element (10) and an outer element (26) interconnected by vanes (27), thus forming annular nozzles (6) around the conical head ( 5), the inner element (10), of smaller diameter, being set back and behind the outer element (26).
La forme des tuyères annulaires (6) délimitées par les aubes (27) apparaît plus clairement sur la Figure 3, représen¬ tant une balle nue comportant un élément extérieur (26) de forme cylindrique et quatre tuyères annulaires.The shape of the annular nozzles (6) delimited by the blades (27) appears more clearly in FIG. 3, shown as a bare ball comprising an external element (26) of cylindrical shape and four annular nozzles.
La tête conique (5) du corps (4) de la balle nue (2) est conçue conformément à la présente invention pour assurer plusieurs fonctions, et plus particulièrement pour favoriser l'écoulement de l'air au travers des tuyères annulaires (6), permettre un bon accrochage de la balle sur les cibles rencon- trées, et pénétrer dans la matière avec un pouvoir neutralisant très important.The conical head (5) of the body (4) of the bare ball (2) is designed in accordance with the present invention to perform several functions, and more particularly to promote the flow of air through the annular nozzles (6) , allow a good catch of the ball on the targets encountered very, and penetrate the matter with a very important neutralizing power.
Le noyau (7) est muni d'adents (8) coopérant avec les rai¬ nures circulaires (9) de l'élément énergétique intérieur (10). La plaque de poussée (11) assure a - la tenue de l'élément énergétique intérieur (10) au niveau de l'interface (12) pendant la phase de propulsion de la balle nue (2) , ainsi que pendant la phase de pénétration dans la cible; b - l'étancheité aux gaz propulsifs entre le lanceur (3) et le corps (4) grâce au joint d'étanchéité (13) en matériau déformable coopérant avec la rainure (14) ; c - le guidage du lanceur (3) par sa partie extérieure cylindrique (15) ; d - la poussée de la partie centrale de la balle nue (2) [corps (4) + élément énergétique intérieur (10)] grâce à la coopération de la partie arrière du lanceur (3) et de la face arrière (16) elle-même comportant un épaulement (17) afin de permettre un meilleur guidage du lanceur (3) . L'empenne (18) sert à stabiliser la balle nue (2) sur sa trajectoire. Elle est réalisée soit dans la même matière que le corps (4), c'est-à-dire de préférence du laiton, soit dans un matériau de type technopolymère.The core (7) is provided with teeth (8) cooperating with the circular grooves (9) of the interior energy element (10). The thrust plate (11) ensures a - the holding of the internal energy element (10) at the interface (12) during the propulsion phase of the naked ball (2), as well as during the penetration phase in the target; b - the gas-tightness between the launcher (3) and the body (4) thanks to the seal (13) made of deformable material cooperating with the groove (14); c - guiding the launcher (3) through its cylindrical outer part (15); d - the thrust of the central part of the naked ball (2) [body (4) + internal energy element (10)] thanks to the cooperation of the rear part of the launcher (3) and the rear face (16) it -even including a shoulder (17) to allow better guidance of the launcher (3). The tail (18) is used to stabilize the bare ball (2) on its trajectory. It is made either in the same material as the body (4), that is to say preferably brass, or in a material of technopolymer type.
L'empenne est constituée de manière classique et se compose : a - des ailettes (19) dont le nombre et la forme sont liés aux conditions de vol de la balle nue (2) , suivant une technique usuelle. D'une manière générale, il est préférable que l'empenne comporte quatre ailettes. Chaque ailette comporte un chanfrein de bord de fuite (20) pour permettre à la balle nue (2) de tourner faiblement sur sa trajectoire. L'avant (21) des ailettes (19) peut s'imbriquer dans des rainures correspon¬ dantes pratiquées dans le lanceur (3) permettant ainsi un verrouillage angulaire de la balle nue (2) avec le lanceur (3) . Le diamètre extérieur (a) des ailettes (19) est de préférence légèrement inférieur au diamètre extérieur (b) de l'élément énergétique intérieur (10) qui est lui-même égal au diamètre extérieur de la plaque de poussée (11) ; b - d'un corps d'empenne (23) servant également de guidage au lanceur (3) au niveau de l'interface (24) .The fin is constituted in a conventional manner and is made up of: a - fins (19), the number and shape of which are linked to the conditions of flight of the bare ball (2), according to a usual technique. In general, it is preferable that the tail has four fins. Each fin has a trailing edge chamfer (20) to allow the bare ball (2) to turn slightly on its trajectory. The front (21) of the fins (19) can be nested in corresponding grooves made in the launcher (3) thus allowing angular locking of the naked ball (2) with the launcher (3). The outside diameter (a) of the fins (19) is preferably slightly smaller than the outside diameter (b) of the inside energy element (10) which is itself equal to the outside diameter of the thrust plate (11); b - a tail body (23) also serving as a guide for the launcher (3) at the interface (24).
L'élément énergétique (25) est réalisé en un matériau dense, par exemple le plomb, mais tout autre matériau métalli- que de forte masse volumique peut convenir, et par exemple un alliage métallique de masse volumique appropriée ou encore un alliage mixte organique métallique.The energy element (25) is made of a dense material, for example lead, but any other metallic material of high density may be suitable, and for example a metal alloy of suitable density or a mixed organic organic alloy .
Les deux éléments (10) et (26) de l'élément énergétique (25) sont reliés entre eux par les aubes (27) dont le nombre est fonction des caractéristiques de vol, de la tenue mécanique de la balle complète (1) pendant la phase de propulsion, ainsi que du comportement de la balle nue (2) lors de la pénétration dans la cible. Le nombre d'aubes est généralement compris entre 2 et 8 et est de préférence égal à 4. Ces aubes présentent, dans leur partie extérieure, un décrochement (28) coopérant avec la partie interne (29) du lanceur (3) , ce dernier étant ainsi guidé dans sa partie avant.The two elements (10) and (26) of the energy element (25) are interconnected by the blades (27), the number of which is a function of the flight characteristics, of the mechanical behavior of the complete ball (1) during the propulsion phase, as well as the behavior of the naked bullet (2) during penetration into the target. The number of blades is generally between 2 and 8 and is preferably equal to 4. These blades have, in their outer part, a recess (28) cooperating with the internal part (29) of the launcher (3), the latter thus being guided in its front part.
L'élément énergétique extérieur (26) comporte sur sa partie extérieure des parties circulaires (30) ainsi que des gorges (31). Pour éviter d'emplomber le tube de l'arme, il est préférable que les parties circulaires (30) aient un diamètre (c) inférieur ou au plus égal au diamètre extérieur du lanceur (3) , que le nombre et la largeur desdites portées soient le plus faibles possible, et que les gorges (31) possèdent un diamètre (d) inférieur au diamètre de sortie d'un tube d'arme "plein choke".The external energy element (26) has on its external part circular parts (30) as well as grooves (31). To avoid filling the barrel of the weapon, it is preferable that the circular parts (30) have a diameter (c) less than or at most equal to the outside diameter of the launcher (3), than the number and the width of said ranges. are as small as possible, and that the grooves (31) have a diameter (d) less than the outlet diameter of a "full choke" weapon tube.
La face avant (32) de l'élément extérieur (26) présente une surface la plus faible possible. Cette dernière est condi¬ tionnée par l'importance du chanfrein intérieur (33) qui a comme autre fonction de favoriser d'une part la pénétration de l'air dans la tuyère centrale (34) et d'autre part la fragmen¬ tation en cône ouvert en début de pénétration de la balle nue (2) dans la cible par éclatement de l'élément (26) .The front face (32) of the external element (26) has the smallest possible surface. The latter is condi¬ tioned by the importance of the inner chamfer (33) which has the other function of promoting on the one hand the penetration of air into the central nozzle (34) and on the other hand the fragmen¬ tion in open cone at the start of penetration of the naked bullet (2) into the target by bursting of the element (26).
La face arrière (35) de l'élément extérieur (26) se conju- gue avec la face avant (36) du lanceur (3) pour assurer la tenue mécanique de l'élément énergétique extérieur (26) pendant la phase de propulsion de la balle complète (1) . La partie intérieure (37) de l'élément extérieur (26) délimite la tuyère centrale (34) de forme cylindro-conique coopérant avec les tuyères annulaires (6) d'un nombre égal au nombre d'aubes (27). Le diamètre intérieur (e) de la partie arrière de la tuyère centrale (34) est supérieur ou au moins égal au diamètre exté- rieur (b) de l'élément énergétique intérieur (10) et de celui de la plaque de poussée (11) . Bien entendu, cette tuyère centrale (34) peut être de forme simplement cylindrique, de diamètre intérieur constant de l'avant à l'arrière.The rear face (35) of the external element (26) combines with the front face (36) of the launcher (3) to ensure the mechanical strength of the external energy element (26) during the propulsion phase of the complete ball (1). The internal part (37) of the external element (26) defines the nozzle central (34) cylindrical-conical shape cooperating with the annular nozzles (6) of a number equal to the number of blades (27). The internal diameter (e) of the rear part of the central nozzle (34) is greater than or at least equal to the external diameter (b) of the internal energy element (10) and that of the thrust plate (11 ). Of course, this central nozzle (34) can be of simply cylindrical shape, of constant internal diameter from the front to the rear.
Pour améliorer la fragmentation de l'élément énergétique extérieur (26) , des amorces de rupture longitudinales de nombres et de formes différentes, peuvent être pratiquées dans l'épaisseur de la paroi cylindrique de l'élément.To improve the fragmentation of the external energy element (26), longitudinal fracture primers of different numbers and shapes can be used in the thickness of the cylindrical wall of the element.
La forme des tuyères annulaires (6) présente des contours curvilignes. Le dimensionnement précis des tuyères (34) et (6) est déterminé par les méthodes usuelles de la technique en fonction des caractéristiques de vol que l'on veut obtenir, des caractéristiques de pénétration dans la cible ainsi que de la tenue mécanique de l'élément énergétique (25) pendant la phase de lancement de la balle complète. Les tuyères peuvent être de n'importe quelle forme géomé¬ trique, et par exemple carrée, triangulaire, ronde, oblongue, ou conique.The shape of the annular nozzles (6) has curvilinear contours. The precise dimensioning of the nozzles (34) and (6) is determined by the usual methods of the technique as a function of the flight characteristics which it is desired to obtain, the characteristics of penetration into the target as well as the mechanical strength of the energy element (25) during the launch phase of the complete ball. The nozzles can be of any geometrical shape, and for example square, triangular, round, oblong, or conical.
L'élément énergétique intérieur (10) possède un diamètre extérieur (b) inférieur ou au plus égal au diamètre intérieur (e) de la partie arrière de la tuyère centrale (34). Il présente sur sa face intérieure des rainures circulaires (9) coopérant avec les adents (8) du noyau (7) . Sa face avant (38) comprend une partie conique (39) formant la partie intérieure des tuyères annulaires (6) en continuité avec la tête conique (5) du corps (4) de la balle nue (2) . Sa face arrière se conju¬ gue avec la face avant de la plaque de poussée (11) au niveau de l'interface (12) .The internal energy element (10) has an external diameter (b) less than or at most equal to the internal diameter (e) of the rear part of the central nozzle (34). It has on its inner face circular grooves (9) cooperating with the teeth (8) of the core (7). Its front face (38) comprises a conical part (39) forming the inner part of the annular nozzles (6) in continuity with the conical head (5) of the body (4) of the bare bullet (2). Its rear face conjugates with the front face of the thrust plate (11) at the interface (12).
Le corps (4) associé à l'élément énergétique intérieur (10) compose la flèche (40) de la balle nue (2) . La flèche (40) est dirigée sur toute sa trajectoire jusqu'à la cible par l'élément énergétique extérieur (26).The body (4) associated with the interior energy element (10) composes the arrow (40) of the naked ball (2). The arrow (40) is directed along its entire path to the target by the external energy element (26).
Le lanceur (3), représenté sur la Figure 4, est fabriqué en matériau de faible masse volumique et de grande souplesse (par exemple un technopolymère tel qu'un polyamide) . Le lanceur (3) est monobloc et peut coulisser librement jusqu'à ce qu'il vienne en contact sur l'élément extérieur (26), le décrochement de l'aube (27) et la plaque de poussée (11) . Il comporte sur sa partie extérieure des adents (41) de faible largeur permettant le guidage de la balle complète (1) dans le tube de l'arme. Des gorges de décompression (42) assurent la bonne étanchéité aux gaz propulsifs, étanchéité également assurée en grande partie par la lèvre (43) par placage de cette dernière contre la paroi du tube de l'arme sous l'effet de la pression. Cette organisa¬ tion permet le tir dans tous les tubes "Full-Chokes" sans dégradation de la dispersion balistique de la balle nue (2) et augmente également la longévité des armes.The launcher (3), shown in Figure 4, is made of low density material and great flexibility (for example a technopolymer such as a polyamide). The launcher (3) is in one piece and can slide freely until it comes into contact with the external element (26), the recess of the blade (27) and the thrust plate (11). It has on its outer part of the teeth (41) of small width for guiding the complete bullet (1) in the barrel of the weapon. Decompression grooves (42) ensure good sealing against propellant gases, sealing also largely ensured by the lip (43) by plating the latter against the wall of the barrel of the weapon under the effect of pressure. This organization allows firing in all "Full-Chokes" tubes without degrading the ballistic dispersion of the naked bullet (2) and also increases the longevity of the weapons.
La face avant (36) du lanceur (3) coopère avec la face arrière (35) de l'élément énergétique extérieur (26) pour assu¬ rer essentiellement la tenue mécanique de l'élément (26) pendant la phase de propulsion de la balle complète (1) .The front face (36) of the launcher (3) cooperates with the rear face (35) of the external energy element (26) in order to essentially assu¬ er the mechanical strength of the element (26) during the propulsion phase of the full bale (1).
La partie intérieure du lanceur (3) comprend sur sa partie avant un décrochement (29) se conjuguant avec le décrochement correspondant (28) des aubes (27) et permettant ainsi le guidage avant du lanceur (3) . Ce lanceur (3) présente un alésage (44) dont le diamètre intérieur (f) est supérieur à celui (b) de l'élément énergétique intérieur (10) (jeu de quel¬ ques dixièmes de millimètre) , et un alésage (45) coopérant avec la partie extérieure (15) de la plaque de poussée (11) , ce qui permet d'assurer en partie le guidage arrière du lanceur (3). De plus, le décrochement (46) coopère avec la face arrière (16) et l'épaulement (17) de la plaque de poussée (11) permettant ainsi d'assurer également en partie le guidage arrière du lanceur (3), et la tenue mécanique de l'ensemble pendant la phase de propulsion.The inner part of the launcher (3) comprises on its front part a recess (29) which combines with the corresponding recess (28) of the blades (27) and thus allowing the front guidance of the launcher (3). This launcher (3) has a bore (44) whose internal diameter (f) is greater than that (b) of the internal energetic element (10) (play of a few tenths of a millimeter), and a bore (45 ) cooperating with the outer part (15) of the thrust plate (11), which allows part of the rear guide of the launcher (3) to be ensured. In addition, the recess (46) cooperates with the rear face (16) and the shoulder (17) of the thrust plate (11) thereby also providing part of the rear guide for the launcher (3), and the mechanical strength of the assembly during the propulsion phase.
Les alésages (44) et (45) sont reliés par la partie coni¬ que (62). L'alésage (47) coopère avec le corps d'empenne (23) et permet ainsi de parfaire le guidage arrière du lanceur (3) . Les rainures (22), d'un nombre égal au nombre d'ailettes (19) de l'empenne (18), assurent, par coopération avec la partie avant (21) des ailettes (19) , le verrouillage angulaire de la balle nue (2) avec le lanceur (3) , le diamètre (g) de fond de rainures étant légèrement supérieur au diamètre extérieur (a) des ailettes (19) .The bores (44) and (45) are connected by the conical part (62). The bore (47) cooperates with the tail body (23) and thus makes it possible to perfect the rear guide of the launcher (3). The grooves (22), of a number equal to the number of fins (19) of the tail (18), ensure, by cooperation with the front part (21) of the fins (19), the angular locking of the ball bare (2) with the launcher (3), the bottom diameter (g) of grooves being slightly greater than the outside diameter (a) of the fins (19).
Le fonctionnement de la munition conforme à la présente invention est décrit ci-après. Au départ du coup et lors de la montée en pression, le dessertissage de la douille se réalise par l'intermédiaire de l'élément énergétique extérieur (26). Pendant la phase de propulsion de la balle complète (1) , la balle nue (2) et le lanceur (3) sont intimement liés. Dès la sortie du tube de l'arme, le lanceur (3) coulisse sur la balle nue (2) grâce à la différence de traînée aérodynamique par frottement sur la balle nue (2) et sur le lanceur (3), et à la pression de l'air géné¬ rée dans la tuyère centrale (34) et dans les tuyères annulaires (6) et s'exerçant essentiellement sur le décrochement (29) du lanceur.The operation of the munition in accordance with the present invention is described below. At the start of the blow and during the pressure build-up, the bushing of the bushing is carried out by means of the external energy element (26). During the propulsion phase of the complete ball (1), the naked ball (2) and the launcher (3) are intimately linked. As soon as it leaves the barrel, the launcher (3) slides on the bare ball (2) thanks to the difference in aerodynamic drag by friction on the bare ball (2) and on the launcher (3), and at the air pressure generated in the central nozzle (34) and in the annular nozzles (6) and acting essentially on the recess (29) of the launcher.
Les zones de coulissement balle nue (2) - lanceur (3) - ont des dimensions différentes, le dernier point de contact devant se réaliser en avant du centre de gravité de la balle nue (2) et le plus près possible de ce dernier. Cette disposi- tion permet de compenser en partie les petites perturbations liées à la séparation lanceur (3) / balle nue (2) .The bare ball sliding zones (2) - launcher (3) - have different dimensions, the last point of contact having to be made in front of the center of gravity of the bare ball (2) and as close as possible to the latter. This arrangement partially compensates for the small disturbances linked to the separation between the pitcher (3) and the bare ball (2).
Le lanceur (3) monobloc ainsi libéré reste dans le plan de tir jusqu'à sa chute au sol observée à une distance moyenne de 30 à 40 mètres du tireur. Il confère ainsi toute la sécurité au tir vis-à-vis d'autres chasseurs par exemple.The one-piece launcher (3) thus released remains in the firing plane until it falls to the ground observed at an average distance of 30 to 40 meters from the shooter. It thus gives all the security to the shooting vis-à-vis other hunters for example.
Sur trajectoire, la stabilisation de la balle nue (2) est assurée par l'empenne (18) de la flèche (40), cette dernière remplissant également le rôle d'empenne pour l'élément énergé¬ tique extérieur (26) . Le dimensionnement de la tuyère centrale (34) et des tuyè¬ res annulaires (6) peut être réalisé de façon à créer un bouchage ou un débouchage aérodynamique. Il y a débouchage aé¬ rodynamique lorsque, pour une vitesse donnée Vj il y a circula¬ tion de l'air de la tuyère centrale (34) à l'extérieur en passant par les tuyères annulaires (6) à la seule condition que cette vitesse Vi soit supérieure à la vitesse dite "critique" Vc. Il y a bouchage aérodynamique à une vitesse V2 inférieure à la vitesse Vi. Dans ce cas, l'air ne peut plus circuler dans les tuyères. Ce bouchage aérodynamique se caractérise par un forte augmentation de la traînée aérodynamique allant jusqu' un facteur 2 conduisant ainsi à une portée plus courte de l balle nue (2) . Par ailleurs, ce bouchage aérodynamique génèr le déplacement du centre des forces aérodynamiques appliquée sur la balle nue (2) vers le centre de gravité de ladite balle. La diminution de cette distance peut conduire à une déstabili sation complète de la balle à une distance donnée. Ce phéno mène, associé à une forte traînée aérodynamique permet d'obte nir des portées très courtes.On the trajectory, the stabilization of the naked ball (2) is ensured by the tail (18) of the arrow (40), the latter also fulfilling the role of tail for the external energetic element (26). The dimensioning of the central nozzle (34) and of the annular nozzles (6) can be carried out so as to create an aerodynamic blockage or unclogging. There is an aerodynamic unclogging when, for a given speed Vj, there is air circulation from the central nozzle (34) outside passing through the annular nozzles (6) on the only condition that this speed Vi is greater than the so-called "critical" speed Vc. There is aerodynamic blockage at a speed V2 lower than the speed Vi. In this case, the air can no longer circulate in the nozzles. This aerodynamic blockage is characterized by a large increase in aerodynamic drag of up to a factor of 2, thus leading to a shorter range for the naked ball (2). Furthermore, this aerodynamic blocking generates the displacement of the center of the aerodynamic forces applied to the bare ball (2) towards the center of gravity of said ball. Reducing this distance can lead to complete destabilization of the ball at a given distance. This pheno leads, associated with a strong aerodynamic drag allows to obtain very short spans.
Le mécanisme d'agression se déroule en deux phases : Dans une 1ère phase, l'élément énergétique extérieur (26) percute en premier la cible par sa face avant (32) avec l'éner gie totale de la balle nue (2). A ce moment précis trois phénomènes apparaissent chronolo giquement : a - un premier effet neutralisant grâce à l'énergie ciné tique surfacique (1/2 m.V2 : section transversale annulaire d l'élément énergétique extérieur (26)) très élevée permettan ainsi de générer une onde de choc importante avec dilacération. b - un deuxième effet neutralisant par la fragmentatio de l'élément énergétique extérieur (26) suivant un côn d'éclats ouvert. c - la libération de la flèche (40) . Cette dernière, trè sous-calibrée par rapport à l'élément énergétique extérieu (26) n'est pas perturbée par la fragmentation dudit élément.The aggression mechanism takes place in two phases: In a 1st phase, the external energy element (26) first strikes the target by its front face (32) with the total energy of the naked ball (2). At this precise moment three phenomena appear chronologically: a - a first neutralizing effect thanks to the surface kinetic energy (1/2 mV 2 : annular cross section of the external energy element (26)) very high thus allowing to generate a large shock wave with dilation. b - a second neutralizing effect by the fragmenting of the external energetic element (26) in an open burst cone. c - release of the arrow (40). The latter, very sub-calibrated with respect to the external energy element (26) is not disturbed by the fragmentation of said element.
Dans une 2ème phase, la flèche (40) dont la libération n' pratiquement absorbé aucune énergie, percute ainsi la cibl avec l'énergie totale de la balle nue (2). La cible étant deve nue moins dure du fait du travail produit par l'élément énergé tique extérieur (26) au cours de la 1ère phase, la flèche (40) peut entrer aisément dans la cible avec son énergie totale. Grâce en partie à l'élément énergétique intérieur (10), l pouvoir neutralisant de dilacération, d'inhibition, de rupture de parties dures est exceptionnel. Il est à noter, qu'au momen de la pénétration dans la cible, l'énergie cinétique surfaciqu de la flèche (40) (1/2 m.V2 : section transversale maximale d corps de la flèche) est exceptionnellement élevée. Ce mécanisme d'agression en deux phases permet d'obtenir des énergies cinétiques surfaciques très élevées de l'élément énergétique extérieur (26) et de la flèche (40) . La présente invention permet en outre de maîtriser très facilement la valeur des énergies cinétiques surfaciques à imposer à l'élé¬ ment énergétique extérieur (26) et à la flèche (40) .In a 2nd phase, the arrow (40), the release of which practically absorbed no energy, thus strikes the target with the total energy of the naked ball (2). The target having become less hard due to the work produced by the external energetic element (26) during the 1st phase, the arrow (40) can easily enter the target with its total energy. Thanks in part to the internal energy element (10), the neutralizing power of shredding, inhibition and rupture of hard parts is exceptional. It should be noted that, at the moment of penetration into the target, the surface kinetic energy of the arrow (40) (1/2 mV 2 : maximum cross section of the arrow body) is exceptionally high. This two-phase aggression mechanism makes it possible to obtain very high surface kinetic energies of the external energy element (26) and of the arrow (40). The present invention also makes it possible to very easily control the value of the surface kinetic energies to be imposed on the external energy element (26) and on the arrow (40).
Plusieurs exemples de munitions conformes à l'invention et réalisées par les techniques de fabrication classiques, sont décrits ci-après.Several examples of ammunition in accordance with the invention and produced by conventional manufacturing techniques are described below.
EXEMPLE 1EXAMPLE 1
Caractéristiques d'une balle de calibre 12 : Masse totale de la balle complète (1) Mt = 30 , 0 g Masse du lanceur (3) ML = 4 , 5 g Masse totale de la balle nue (2) Mb = 25 , 5 g - Masse de l'élément énergétique (25) M = 18 , 5 g Masse du corps de balle (4) Mc = 7 , 0 g V0 = 500 m/SCharacteristics of a 12-gauge bullet: Total mass of the complete bullet (1) M t = 30, 0 g Mass of the launcher (3) M L = 4, 5 g Total mass of the bare bullet (2) Mb = 25 , 5 g - Mass of the energy element (25) M = 18.5 g Mass of the ball body (4) M c = 7.0 g V 0 = 500 m / S
Energies de la balle nue (2) à la bouche du tube : Energie cinétique : Ec = 3200 J Energie cinétique surfacique de l'élément énergétique extérieur (26) :Energies of the bare ball (2) at the mouth of the tube: Kinetic energy: E c = 3200 J Kinetic surface energy of the external energy element (26):
Ec/.Si = 32 J/mm2 Energie cinétique surfacique de la flèche (40) Ec/.S2 = 33 J/mm2 Dans cette réalisation, on peut observer des valeurs de Ec/.S pratiquement identiques.Ec / .Si = 32 J / mm 2 Kinetic surface energy of the boom (40) Ec / .S 2 = 33 J / mm 2 In this embodiment, one can observe practically identical values of Ec / .S.
Plusieurs variantes technologiques de la balle conforme à la présente invention ont été fabriquées, et sont précisées ci- après. Bien entendu, diverses modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention.Several technological variants of the ball according to the present invention have been manufactured, and are specified below. Of course, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
EXEMPLE 2 Cet exemple décrit un lanceur réalisé en plusieurs éléments jointifs.EXAMPLE 2 This example describes a launcher made of several contiguous elements.
La balle nue (2) peut être tirée avec un lanceur en plusieurs éléments à plans jointifs tel que représenté sur la Figure 5. La Figure 5 décrit une balle complète dotée d'un tel lanceur composé de deux éléments (49) . Ces derniers coopèrent avec la balle nue (2) à l'aide d'adents et de rainures circu¬ laires (50) . Comme le montre la Figure 6, sous l'effet des composantes aérodynamiques, les éléments (49) du lanceur se détachent de la balle nue (2) qui, libérée, atteint la cible. Les éléments (49) chutent à une distance moyenne de 30 mètres avec un écart maximum de 7 mètres par rapport au plan de tir.The bare bullet (2) can be fired with a launcher in several contiguous elements as shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 depicts a complete ball with such a launcher composed of two elements (49). The latter cooperate with the bare ball (2) by means of teeth and circular grooves (50). As shown in Figure 6, under the effect of the aerodynamic components, the elements (49) of the launcher detach from the naked ball (2) which, released, hits the target. The elements (49) fall at an average distance of 30 meters with a maximum deviation of 7 meters from the firing plane.
EXEMPLE 3EXAMPLE 3
Comme représenté sur la Figure 7, le lanceur (3) suivant l'invention est monté sur la balle nue (2) dont l'élément éner¬ gétique extérieur (26) a un diamètre extérieur largement infé¬ rieur au diamètre extérieur du lanceur (3) et un diamètre inté- rieur sensiblement égal au diamètre du corps de flèche (40) (diamètre c < diamètre extérieur du lanceur, et diamètre e = diamètre b)As shown in FIG. 7, the launcher (3) according to the invention is mounted on the bare ball (2) whose external energetic element (26) has an external diameter much less than the external diameter of the launcher ( 3) and an inside diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the boom body (40) (diameter c <outside diameter of the launcher, and diameter e = diameter b)
Dans cette configuration, le lanceur (3) comporte un centrage (48) conjugué avec le bord extérieur des parties circulaires (30) de l'élément énergétique extérieur (26) . Le lanceur (3) se trouve donc augmenté de la hauteur de l'élément (26) . Le sertissage de la douille se fait sur la face avant (36) du lanceur (3) .In this configuration, the launcher (3) has a centering (48) combined with the outer edge of the circular parts (30) of the outer energy element (26). The launcher (3) is therefore increased by the height of the element (26). The crimping of the sleeve is done on the front face (36) of the launcher (3).
Pour empêcher que la balle nue (2) ne quitte librement le lanceur (3) au départ du coup sous la pression p de dessertis¬ sage, un verrou (51) est placé devant l'une des parties circu¬ laires (30) de l'élément (26) et est coincé entre la douille et la gorge circulaire (31) de l'élément (26) . Ce verrou étant libre longitudinalement, il se trouve donc libéré à l'extérieur dès la sortie du tube. Il peut ainsi sortir de son logement et libérer la balle nue (2) .To prevent the bare ball (2) from freely leaving the launcher (3) at the start of the stroke under the pressure p of dessertis¬ sage, a latch (51) is placed in front of one of the circular parts (30) of the element (26) and is wedged between the sleeve and the circular groove (31) of the element (26). This lock being free longitudinally, it is therefore released outside from the outlet of the tube. It can thus come out of its housing and release the bare ball (2).
EXEMPLE 4 La présente invention peut également s'appliquer au tir de balles dans des tubes fortement rayés, comme le montre la balle représentée sur la Figure 8. La balle nue (2) conforme à la présente invention est stabilisée par empennage. Seule, une très légère rotation sur trajectoire est autorisée grâce aux chanfreins (20) pratiqués sur le bord de fuite des ailettes (19) . Pour conserver ce mode de stabilisation, il faut s'affranchir de la vitesse de rota¬ tion donnée par un tube fortement rayé.EXAMPLE 4 The present invention can also be applied to the firing of bullets in heavily scratched tubes, as shown by the bullet shown in FIG. 8. The bare ball (2) according to the present invention is stabilized by tail. Only a very slight rotation on the trajectory is authorized thanks to the chamfers (20) formed on the trailing edge of the fins (19). To keep this stabilization mode, it is necessary to overcome the rotational speed given by a heavily scratched tube.
La Figure 8 décrit un exemple de réalisation correspondant à ces conditions. Dans cette réalisation, le lanceur (3) est partagé en deux éléments suivant une section transversale : l'élément avant (52) et l'élément arrière (53) .Figure 8 describes an exemplary embodiment corresponding to these conditions. In this embodiment, the launcher (3) is divided into two elements along a cross section: the front element (52) and the rear element (53).
L'élément avant (52) est monobloc et de révolution. Il ne comporte plus de parties circulaires et de gorges de décompres¬ sion extérieures. Son diamètre extérieur (54) est légèrement inférieur au diamètre intérieur du tube rayé (55) . Un chanfrein extérieur (56) est pratiqué à l'avant de cet élément pour per¬ mettre une bonne introduction de la cartouche. L'élément (52) peut coulisser librement sur la balle nue (2) .The front element (52) is in one piece and of revolution. It no longer has circular parts and external decompression grooves. Its outside diameter (54) is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the striped tube (55). An external chamfer (56) is made at the front of this element to allow a good insertion of the cartridge. The element (52) can slide freely on the bare ball (2).
L'élément arrière (53) est également monobloc et de révo¬ lution. Son diamètre extérieur (h) est très légèrement supé- rieur au diamètre (i) de fond de rayage du tube (55) . Son diamètre intérieur (k) est supérieur (de quelques dixièmes de millimètres) au diamètre (j) de la plaque de poussée (11) . Il comporte également sur sa partie extérieure une gorge de sertissage (57) dans laquelle le collet de la douille (60) métallique s'imbrique par déformation.The rear element (53) is also monobloc and of revolution. Its outside diameter (h) is very slightly greater than the diameter (i) of the strip bottom of the tube (55). Its internal diameter (k) is greater (by a few tenths of a millimeter) than the diameter (j) of the thrust plate (11). It also has on its outer part a crimping groove (57) in which the collar of the metal sleeve (60) is nested by deformation.
Un chanfrein (58) est également pratiqué pour permettre une bonne prise de rayures dudit élément (53) . Un grain (59) à faible coefficient de frottement est intercalé entre les deux éléments (52) et (53). Un verrou (61), coopérant avec la plaque (11) , assure la même fonction que celle du verrou (51) décrit à la Figure 7. Il arrête l'élément (53) en translation mais lui permet une entière liberté en rotation.A chamfer (58) is also made to allow good taking of scratches of said element (53). A grain (59) with a low coefficient of friction is interposed between the two elements (52) and (53). A lock (61), cooperating with the plate (11), performs the same function as that of the lock (51) described in Figure 7. It stops the element (53) in translation but allows it complete freedom in rotation.
Le fonctionnement de ce dispositif est le suivant.The operation of this device is as follows.
Dès la montée en pression, le dessertissage se réalise, la balle nue (2) et l'élément (52) ne peuvent avancer du fait qu'ils sont verrouillés en translation par le verrou (51).As soon as the pressure builds up, the desoldering is carried out, the bare ball (2) and the element (52) cannot advance because they are locked in translation by the latch (51).
L'élément (53) prend ainsi le rayage du tube (55) et tourne à la vitesse permise par ce rayage. Dans son mouvement, il entraîne la balle nue (2) et l'élément (52) en légère rotation par frottement uniquement. A la sortie du tube, l'élément (53) se rompt par centrifugation laissant la possibilité à l'élément (52) de libérer la balle nue (2) par coulissement. The element (53) thus takes up the striping of the tube (55) and rotates at the speed allowed by this striping. In his movement, he drives the bare ball (2) and the element (52) in slight rotation by friction only. At the outlet of the tube, the element (53) is broken by centrifugation, leaving the possibility for the element (52) to release the bare ball (2) by sliding.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Munition pour arme de petit, moyen ou gros calibre, comportant un sous-projectile (2) associé à un lanceur ( 3 y au calibre de l'arme se détachant sous l'effet des forces aérody¬ namiques à la sortie de l'arme, l'ensemble se trouvant inclus dans une**cartouche (C) comprenant en outre une douille amorcée et une charge propulsive, caractérisée en ce que le sous- projectile (2) comprend: un corps (4) en matériau dur, associé à un élément énergétique de révolution (25) comportant une tuyère centrale avant (34) communiquant avec au moins deux tuyères annulaires (6) canalisant l'écoulement de l'air.1. Ammunition for a small, medium or large caliber weapon, comprising a sub-projectile (2) associated with a launcher (3 y to the caliber of the weapon detaching under the effect of aerody¬ namic forces at the exit of the weapon, the assembly being included in a ** cartridge (C) further comprising a primed cartridge case and a propellant charge, characterized in that the sub-projectile (2) comprises: a body (4) of hard material, associated with an energetic element of revolution (25) comprising a front central nozzle (34) communicating with at least two annular nozzles (6) channeling the flow of air.
2. Munition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'élément énergétique (25) forme la partie avant du sous- projectile (2), et est constitué d'un élément extérieur (26) creux et d'un élément intérieur plein (10), reliés entre eux par des aubes (27) .2. Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy element (25) forms the front part of the sub-projectile (2), and consists of an external element (26) hollow and a solid internal element (10), interconnected by vanes (27).
3. Munition selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que l'élément intérieur (10) est de plus petit diamètre et est en arrière de l'élément extérieur (26) . 3. Ammunition according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner element (10) is of smaller diameter and is behind the outer element (26).
4. Munition selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la partie avant de l'élément éner¬ gétique extérieur forme avec la tête conique du corps du sous- projectile, une tuyère centrale communiquant avec les tuyères annulaires, formées dans l'élément énergétique de révolution, autour de la tête conique.4. Ammunition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the front part of the external energetic element forms with the conical head of the body of the sub-projectile, a central nozzle communicating with the annular nozzles, formed in the energetic element of revolution, around the conical head.
5. Munition selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le diamètre intérieur (e) de l'élé¬ ment extérieur (26) est supérieur ou égal au diamètre extérieur (b) de l'élément intérieur (10) . 5. Ammunition according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the internal diameter (e) of the external element (26) is greater than or equal to the external diameter (b) of the internal element ( 10).
6. Munition selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisée en ce que le diamètre intérieur (e) de l'élé¬ ment extérieur (26) est inférieur ou égal au diamètre extérieur (b) de l'élément intérieur (10) .6. Ammunition according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the internal diameter (e) of the external element (26) is less than or equal to the external diameter (b) of the internal element ( 10).
7. Munition selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la face avant de l'élément énergé¬ tique de révolution (25) présente un chanfrein intérieur. 7. Ammunition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the front face of the energetic tick element (25) has an internal chamfer.
8. Munition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'élément énergétigue de révolution (25) est réalisé en un matériau de moindre résistance au choc que le corps (4) du sous-projectile (2) . 8. Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the energetic element of revolution (25) is made of a material of lower impact resistance than the body (4) of the sub-projectile (2).
9. Munition selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que l'élément énergétique de révolution (25) comporte des amor- ces de rupture formées sur les aubes (27) ou dans l'épaisseur de la tuyère centrale.9. Ammunition according to claim 2, characterized in that the energetic element of revolution (25) comprises fracture initiators formed on the blades (27) or in the thickness of the central nozzle.
10. Munition selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le lanceur (3) est réalisé en un seul élément monobloc ou plusieurs éléments jointifs longitudinalement.10. Ammunition according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the launcher (3) is made of a single monobloc element or several elements joined longitudinally.
11. Munition selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que le lanceur est réalisé en au moins deux éléments monoblocs séparés transversalement.11. Ammunition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the launcher is made of at least two monobloc elements separated transversely.
12. Munition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le lanceur comporte une face arrière présentant une découpe de forme correspondant à l'empenne (18) du sous-projectile (2) .12. Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the launcher has a rear face having a cutout corresponding to the shape (18) of the sub-projectile (2).
13. Munition selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 et 11, caractérisée en ce que le lanceur (3) comporte une lèvre annulaire (43) formée sur la périphérie de la face arrière d'au moins un des éléments du lanceur.13. Ammunition according to any one of claims 10 and 11, characterized in that the launcher (3) comprises an annular lip (43) formed on the periphery of the rear face of at least one of the elements of the launcher.
14. Munition selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'un joint annulaire d'étanchéité (13) est placé sur une plaque de poussée (11) située entre la tête (5) et l'empenne (18) du corps (4) du sous-projectile. 14. Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that an annular seal (13) is placed on a thrust plate (11) located between the head (5) and the tail (18) of the body (4 ) of the sub-projectile.
EP95930577A 1994-09-13 1995-09-13 Close range dual penetration bullet for hunting Expired - Lifetime EP0728293B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9410922 1994-09-13
FR9410922A FR2724450B1 (en) 1994-09-13 1994-09-13 DOUBLE PENETRATION HUNTING BALL WITH REDUCED RANGE
PCT/FR1995/001170 WO1996008689A1 (en) 1994-09-13 1995-09-13 Close range dual penetration bullet for hunting

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0728293A1 true EP0728293A1 (en) 1996-08-28
EP0728293B1 EP0728293B1 (en) 2000-01-12

Family

ID=9466900

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95930577A Expired - Lifetime EP0728293B1 (en) 1994-09-13 1995-09-13 Close range dual penetration bullet for hunting

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US5723810A (en)
EP (1) EP0728293B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE188773T1 (en)
AU (1) AU685001B2 (en)
DE (1) DE69514496T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2143650T3 (en)
FI (1) FI110962B (en)
FR (1) FR2724450B1 (en)
GR (1) GR3033148T3 (en)
PT (1) PT728293E (en)
WO (1) WO1996008689A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA957704B (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2786562B1 (en) 1998-11-26 2001-02-09 Jean Noel Letellier ADAPTER FOR CALIBRATED BULLET USED IN A SMOOTH CANNON WEAPON
US20040045671A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-11 Ed Rejda Selective etching device
FR2854687B1 (en) * 2003-05-09 2006-06-16 Giat Ind Sa SUB-CALIBER PROJECTILE, BAR AND SHAFT CONSTITUTING SUCH A PROJECTILE
US6782830B1 (en) * 2003-09-11 2004-08-31 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Obturator for large caliber smooth bore ammunition
FR2867267B1 (en) * 2004-03-08 2006-05-26 Jean Claude Sauvestre HUNTING BALL WITH EXPANSION RING
US7743709B2 (en) 2006-10-28 2010-06-29 Integrity Ballistics, Llc Sabot for elastomeric projectile
US20160018200A1 (en) * 2014-05-02 2016-01-21 Andrey Sharudenko Bullet with separable elements
US10996037B2 (en) * 2018-09-04 2021-05-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Obturator for robust and uniform discard

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4135449A (en) * 1975-06-20 1979-01-23 Rheinmetall Gmbh Projectile for attacking small targets
FR2335818A1 (en) * 1975-12-19 1977-07-15 Le Neillon Richard High power, high precision finned projectile for hunting weapon - guided within barrel by expanded polystyrene sabots
US4043269A (en) * 1976-05-27 1977-08-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Sealed sabot projectile
FR2425621A1 (en) * 1978-05-12 1979-12-07 Piegay Marcel Bullet for smooth bore gun - has plastics insert sleeve with blind hole to receive shank of round headed steel rivet
FR2437603A2 (en) * 1978-09-26 1980-04-25 Cleard Gilbert Jacketed projectile for firearm - has two piece metal core surrounded by plastics grooved to break into four pieces on impact
US4539911A (en) * 1979-06-20 1985-09-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Projectile
FR2555728B1 (en) * 1983-11-29 1987-03-20 Sauvestre Jean Claude HUNTING WEAPON AMMUNITION
US4827847A (en) * 1985-05-30 1989-05-09 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada Short range tubular projectile
FR2599828B1 (en) * 1986-06-05 1990-08-24 Sauvestre Jean Claude SMALL OR MEDIUM CALIBER AMMUNITION WITH IMPROVED EFFICIENCY AND LIMITED RANGE, ESPECIALLY FOR HUNTING
FR2606500B1 (en) * 1986-06-05 1990-07-06 Sauvestre Jean Claude HUNTING AMMUNITION WITH INCREASED COMBUSTION VOLUME
FR2602042B1 (en) * 1986-07-23 1990-08-03 Sauvestre Jean Claude PROJECTILE FOR HUNTING AMMUNITION COMPRISING A LAUNCHING SHOE AND AN UNDER-CALIBRATED BALL WITH SLIDING STABILIZER.
DE3804930A1 (en) * 1988-02-17 1989-08-31 Deutsch Franz Forsch Inst Missile
FR2627854B1 (en) * 1988-02-29 1990-08-10 Denis Jean Pierre AMMUNITION FOR FIREARMS, IN PARTICULAR HUNTING AMMUNITION
FR2662241B1 (en) * 1990-05-19 1994-09-23 Sauvestre Jean Claude TANDEM LAUNCHING SYSTEM WITH CENTRAL SEALING.
US5067406A (en) * 1990-11-05 1991-11-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Supersonic, low-drag, solid fuel ramjet tubular projectile
RU2011148C1 (en) * 1991-06-05 1994-04-15 Владимир Александрович Горденок Smooth barrel hunting gun bullet

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9608689A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI961997A0 (en) 1996-05-10
AU3390895A (en) 1996-03-29
ZA957704B (en) 1996-04-24
FI110962B (en) 2003-04-30
WO1996008689A1 (en) 1996-03-21
PT728293E (en) 2000-06-30
DE69514496T2 (en) 2000-11-16
GR3033148T3 (en) 2000-08-31
US5723810A (en) 1998-03-03
FR2724450A1 (en) 1996-03-15
FI961997A (en) 1996-07-09
AU685001B2 (en) 1998-01-08
EP0728293B1 (en) 2000-01-12
DE69514496D1 (en) 2000-02-17
FR2724450B1 (en) 1997-01-17
ATE188773T1 (en) 2000-01-15
ES2143650T3 (en) 2000-05-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2558031C (en) Hunting bullet comprising an expansion ring
EP0905473B1 (en) Large-calibre long range projectile for artillery
CA2375292C (en) Bullet with an internally carried sub-projectile
EP0333542B1 (en) Ammunition for firearms, especially shotgun ammunition
EP0737298B1 (en) Telescoping arrow-type hunting bullet with a sub-projectile combined with a launching element
EP0106263B1 (en) Armour perforating explosive projectile within a cartridge case
FR2599828A1 (en) AMMUNITION OF SMALL OR MEDIUM SIZE WITH IMPROVED EFFICIENCY AND LIMITED RANGE, ESPECIALLY FOR HUNTING
EP0728293B1 (en) Close range dual penetration bullet for hunting
EP0143720A1 (en) Munition for sporting guns
EP0664877B1 (en) Sabot with controlled separation of segments for sub-calibre projectiles
EP1728044B1 (en) Delayed expansion hunting bullet
CA2176029C (en) Close range dual penetration bullet for hunting
EP0258125B1 (en) Subcalibre arrow-type projectile having an increased impact efficiency on soft targets
CA2179066C (en) Telescoping arrow-type hunting bullet with a sub-projectile combined with a launching element
EP4008992B1 (en) Spin-stabilised projectile
EP0530287B1 (en) Centrally sealed twin launch system
FR2690240A1 (en) Low calibre arrow-type projectile
WO1983004301A1 (en) Device for propulsing at very high speed one or a plurality of projectiles and means for implementing such device
FR2786562A1 (en) Adapter for firing sub-calibre bullet from a smooth-barrelled gun has truncated conical elements to hold components together inside barrel

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES GB GR IE IT LI LU NL PT SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19960911

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19980603

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES GB GR IE IT LI LU NL PT SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 20000112

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20000112

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20000112

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 188773

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 20000115

Kind code of ref document: T

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69514496

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20000217

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: FRENCH

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: NOTARBARTOLO & GERVASI S.P.A.

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20000412

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2143650

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: PT

Ref legal event code: SC4A

Free format text: AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL TRANSLATION

Effective date: 20000411

GBV Gb: ep patent (uk) treated as always having been void in accordance with gb section 77(7)/1977 [no translation filed]

Effective date: 20000112

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000913

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20001103

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FD4D

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20020703

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030930

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20030930

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Payment date: 20040709

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20040813

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20050909

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050913

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050913

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Payment date: 20050913

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20060930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070313

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: PT

Ref legal event code: MM4A

Free format text: LAPSE DUE TO NON-PAYMENT OF FEES

Effective date: 20070313

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: *SAUVESTRE JEAN-CLAUDE

Effective date: 20060930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000112

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20090922

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20090922

Year of fee payment: 15

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 69514496

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20110401

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110401

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20090926

Year of fee payment: 15

PGRI Patent reinstated in contracting state [announced from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Effective date: 20110616

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20111019

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100914

PGRI Patent reinstated in contracting state [announced from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Effective date: 20110616